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Tropical Natural History 21(1): 94–118, April 2021 ©2021 by Chulalongkorn University The Dobsonfly Genus Nevromus Rambur, 1842 (Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Corydalinae) from Thailand, with Description of a New Species KANYAKORN PIRAONAPICHA1, WEEYAWAT JAITRONG2, XINGYUE LIU3* AND NARUMON SANGPRADUB1,4* 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, THAILAND 2Thailand Natural History Museum, National Science Museum, Technopolis, Khlong 5, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, THAILAND 3Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, CHINA 4Applied Taxonomic Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, THAILAND *Corresponding authors. Narumon Sangpradub ([email protected]) and Xingyue Liu ([email protected]) Received: 2 December 2020; Accepted: 2 February 2021 ABSTRACT.– Nevromus Rambur, 1842 is a megalopteran genus belonging to the family Corydalidae, and endemic to the Oriental faunal region. The Thai species of Nevromus are herein revised to include two species: Nevromus aspoeck Liu, Hayashi & Yang, 2012, and Nevromus jeenthongi sp. nov. The larval and pupal stages of N. aspoeck are described here for the first time. Nevromus jeenthongi sp. nov. appears to be closely related to N. aspoeck but differs from the latter species the occiput without black spots, the broader posterolateral lobes of male ninth sternum, and the fused male tenth gonocoxite strongly concaved along dorsal outline. Both species inhabit clean, clear flowing streams. The geographical distribution of Nevromus is updated with first records of this genus from the Malay Peninsula and Myanmar. A key to species of the genus based on male is provided. KEY WORDS: Nevromus, COI, stage association, new species, Thailand Viraktamath, 2012 from India (Liu et al., INTRODUCTION 2012); Nevromus exterior (Navás, 1927) from China, Laos, and Vietnam (Liu et al., The dobsonfly genus Nevromus Rambur, 2012; Jiang et al., 2015); Nevromus 1842 (Megaloptera, Corydalidae, Corydalinae) gloriosoi Liu, Hayashi & Yang, 2012 from was established by Rambur (1842) based on the Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia (Liu et al., adult of Nevromus testaceus Rambur, 1842 2012); Nevromus intimus (McLachlan, from Java (Indonesia). Members of Nevromus 1869) from India, Nepal, Pakistan, China, are widely distributed in the Oriental region, and Myanmar (Liu et al., 2012; Hassan et from the Indian subcontinent to southern al., 2020); and Nevromus testaceus Rambur, China, Indochina, and to the three main 1842 from Indonesia (Liu et al., 2012). Liu islands of the Malay Archipelago (Borneo, et al. (2012) reported that the species of Sumatra, and Java) (Rambur, 1842; Yang Nevromus are allopatric. and Liu, 2010; Liu et al., 2012; Jiang et al., The species of Nevromus from the 2015; Hassan et al., 2020). Currently, the Oriental region were revised by Liu et al. genus consists of six extant valid species, (2012), in which only Nevromus aspoeck i.e., Nevromus aspoeck Liu, Hayashi & was recorded in Thailand. In this paper, two Yang, 2012 from China and Thailand (Liu species of Nevromus are reported from et al., 2012); Nevromus austroindicus Liu & PIRAONAPICHA ET AL. — THE DOBSONFLY GENUS NEVROMUS FROM THAILAND 95 FIGURE 1. Collection sites of Nevromus spp. in Thailand. A. Kaeng Sama, Nan River, Chiang Klang District, Nan Province (Photo T. Phutthanurak); B. Mae Ngao River, Sop Moei District, Mae Hong Son Province (1. Larvae of Nevromus aspoeck inhibit shallower water of streams; 2. Larvae of Acanthacorydalis sp. inhabit fast flowing water in the middle line of stream); C. Haew Narok waterfall, Khao Yai National Park, Pak Phli District, Nakhon Nayok Province; D. Wang Tao waterfall, Thap Lan National Park, Khon Buri District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province; E, F. San Yen, Khao Nan National Park, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province (Photo N. Pinkaew). Thailand, including one previously life stages of N. aspoeck. The larval and undescribed species. Nevromus aspoeck is pupal stages of N. aspoeck are described for redescribed and compared to closely related the first time. species. Nevromus aspoeck is newly The specimens studied were collected reported from Cambodia and the new from clear flowing streams and rivers in species was also collected in Myanmar thus Thailand between 2014 and 2020 (Fig. 1), expanding the known distributional range and others were obtained from various for the genus in the region. In addition, we museums, listed below under specimen used DNA barcoding to associate sexes and depositories. Sampling was done using an 96 TROPICAL NATURAL HISTORY 21(1), APRIL 2021 aquatic net (with 450 μm mesh size), and by availability of fresh specimens. The total hand picking in order to collect larvae for genomic DNA was extracted from the rearing. Adults were collected by placing a muscle tissues taken from the right legs of light trap (10-W black light fluorescent nine specimens (1 male and 2 female adults, tube) overnight, adjacent to the water body. 1 pupa, and 5 larvae) using the PureLink In order to induce pupation, some final Genomic DNA Mini Kit (Invitrogen, instar larvae were kept alive separately in a Carlsbad, CA, USA) following the protocol glass box (9 × 11 × 15 cm) that contained for animal tissues and the DNA was stored moist sediment topped with a flat stone and at -20 °C. We amplified a 511 bp fragment covered with a net (modified from Cao and of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome Liu, 2013; Piraonapicha et al., 2020). The oxidase subunit 1 (COI) using the primers morphological terminology of sclerotized pairs LCO 1490 and HCO 2198 (Folmer et structures of the immature stages follows al., 1994). The polymerase chain reaction Cao and Liu (2013) and Ardila-Camacho (PCR) method was followed as described by and Contreras-Ramos (2018). The terminology Piraonapicha and Sangpradub (2019). of wing venation follows Kukalova-Peck & Sequences were aligned using BIOEDIT Lawrence (2004). Male and female genitalia version 7.2.5 (Hall, 1999). Pairwise distances were removed from the abdomen, cleared in were calculated with MEGA version X 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution (Kumar et al., 2018) using the “Distances” for one day, and then in glycerin for detailed option and “Nucleotide: p-distance” model observation (see Liu et al., 2016 for option for distances. The COI tree was terminology of the genitalia). Morphological constructed using the MEGA X (Kumar et observations (larvae, pupae and adults) were al., 2018). We selected GTR+G with partial made using a Nikon SMZ445 stereo- deletion as the most appropriate model for microscope. Images of live specimens were reconstruction (based on the lowest AICc taken using a Canon EF-S 60mm f/2.8 and BIC scores) and conducted a Maximum macro lens attached to a Canon 70D digital Likelihood analysis based on the General camera. The holotype and paratypes of Time Reversible model with the Kimura 2- Nevromus jeenthongi sp. nov. are pinned. parameter (K2P) model (Kimura, 1980). Illustrations were created following the Branch supporting values were assessed Hozenthal (2008, 2018). Digital drawings using 1,000 bootstrap replications. The COI were prepared with Abode Illustrator® sequences were deposited at GenBank (version CC 2018, Adobe Systems, San (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank) under Jose, California). Photographs were taken accession numbers specified in Table 1. using the Canon 70D digital camera through DNA sequences of other ingroup taxa were ocular lens of Nikon SMZ445 stereo- downloaded from GenBank (https://www. microscope, which served as templates in ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank), obtaining sequences Adobe Illustrator®. While being drawn, the for Nevromus aspoeck Liu, Hayashi & Yang, specimen was also examined under the 2012, Nevromus exterior (Navás, 1927) and stereomicroscope for comparison to ensure Neoneuromus tonkinensis (van der Weele, accuracy. 1907). The alderfly species Indosialis banna- Only genomic DNA of Nevromus aspoeck ensis Liu, Yang & Hayashi, 2006 (Sialidae) was extracted. No DNA extraction of N. was used to root the tree as an outgroup jeenthongi was performed due to non- PIRAONAPICHA ET AL. — THE DOBSONFLY GENUS NEVROMUS FROM THAILAND 97 TABLE 1. Species and specimen information used in the DNA barcoding analysis. Species Locality Stage Voucher GenBank accession number Indosialis bannaensis Thailand Larva KKUM011 MK5785251 Neoneuromus tonkinensis Vietnam KP1262312 Nevromus exterior Vietnam KP1262322 Nevromus aspoeck MF281176.13 Nevromus sp. Thailand Female pupa KKUM021 MT3096764 Nevromus aspoeck Thailand Female KKUM022 MT3096774 Nevromus sp. Thailand Larva KKUM023 MT3096784 Nevromus sp. Thailand Larva KKUM024 MT3096794 Nevromus sp. Thailand Larva KKUM025 MT3096804 Nevromus aspoeck Thailand Male KKUM026 MT3096814 Nevromus sp. Thailand Larva KKUM027 MT3096824 Nevromus sp. Thailand Larva KKUM028 MT3096834 Protohermes xanthodes South Korea Female KJ1557975 1Piraonapicha et al., 2020; 2Jiang et al., 2015; 3Genbank; 4Present study; 5Jung et al., 2016. species (sequence available in GenBank Neuromus Walker, 1853: 201 (in Hermes (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank)). synonymy). Incorrect subsequent spelling of Specimens are deposited in the Nevromus. Entomological Museum, China Agricultural Diagnosis.— Revised from Liu et al. University, Beijing (CAU); the Royal (2012). Body color generally yellow to Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, yellowish brown, with two pairs of black Brussels (IRSNB); the Freshwater Biology markings near the lateral margins of laboratory, Department