New Species and Records of Corydalidae (Insecta: Megaloptera) from Myanmar

Zootaxa 4306 (3): 428–436 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2017 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4306.3.9 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3E1C83F4-54BB-4B9F-AC0F-467CB9CF0032

New species and records of Corydalidae (Insecta: Megaloptera) from Myanmar

XINGYUE LIU1,3 & LIBOR DVORAK2 1Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. 2Municipal Museum Marianske Lazne, Goethovo namesti 11, CZ–35301 Marianske Lazne, The Czech Republic. 3Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Seven species of the family Corydalidae (Insecta: Megaloptera) are newly recorded from Myanmar, including a new species of the dobsonfly genus Protohermes van der Weele, 1907, P. burmanus sp. nov. A total of 18 species of Megaloptera are now known from Myanmar.

Key words: Corydalinae, Chauliodinae, Protohermes, taxonomy, Burma

Introduction

Myanmar is a biodiversity hotspot with high levels of species richness and endemism (Rao et al. 2013). The Megaloptera (dobsonflies, fishflies, and alderflies), a holometabolous insect order, currently includes ca. 380 species in the world (Yang & Liu 2010; Liu et al. 2016). The fauna of this order is extraordinarily rich in the Oriental region, comprising more than 200 described species. The northern portion of Myanmar is located within the diversification centre of the Asian Megaloptera as proposed by Yang & Liu (2010). However, due to lack of intensive collecting, the fauna of Megaloptera from Myanmar is relatively poorly known. The earliest records of Megaloptera of the family Corydalidae from Myanmar are by Kimmins (1948) describing Protohermes subnubilus and mentioning P. infectus (McLachlan, 1869). Other megalopteran species from Myanmar have been documented very recently. Bolotov et al. (2014) recorded the giant dobsonfly species Acanthacorydalis asiatica (Wood-Mason, 1884). Other species were first reported in a series of taxonomic works on the Asian Megaloptera (Liu et al. 2007b, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2013a, 2013b, 2015). Currently, 11 species are known from Myanmar and all of them belong to the Corydalidae. Base on a study of recently received megalopteran specimens (all collected from Putao Town, Kachin State, northern Myanmar), seven species of Corydalidae were found to be new for Myanmar. Additionally, among these Burmese corydalids, there is a new species of the dobsonfly genus Protohermes van der Weele, 1907. Here, we provide a description of a new species and faunal notes on six new country records.

Material and methods

The specimens for the present study are all deposited in the personal collection of Libor Dvorak (LDPC), Marianske Lazne, Czech Republic. Habitus photos were taken by Libor Dvorak by using Panasonic digital camera (DMC-TZ7). Preparation of genitalia was made by clearing the apex of the abdomen in a cold, saturated KOH solution for 8-10 h. After rinsing the KOH with acetic acid and water, the apex of the abdomen was transferred to glycerin for further dissection and examination. After examination it was moved to fresh glycerin and stored in a microvial pinned below the specimen. The terminology of the genitalia follows that of Liu et al. (2016).

428 Accepted by B. Kondratieff: 30 Jun. 2017; published: 17 Aug. 2017 Taxonomy

New species of Corydalidae from Myanmar

Genus Protohermes van der Weele

Protohermes van der Weele, 1907: 243. Type species: Hermes anticus Walker, 1853, original designation. Allohermes Lestage, 1927: 100. Type species: Protohermes davidi van der Weele, 1909, original designation.

Protohermes burmanus sp. nov. (Figs. 1–4)

Diagnosis. Body mostly blackish-brown. Wings brown, with several creamy white markings; forewing with narrow creamy white stripes beside costal crossveins on proximal half, and with ovoid or round markings respectively at proximal, median, and distal portions; hindwing with proximal half mostly creamy white, and with a large round marking distally. Male tergum 9 subtrapezoidal, strongly produced posterolaterally, with rather wide V-shaped posterior incision and longitudinal median internal inflection; sternum 9 with posterior margin deeply incised, V-shaped; gonostylus 9 extremely long, arcuately curved dorsomedially, with distal half slightly flattened and pale-colored; ectoproct much shorter than tergum 9, subcylindrical, posterolaterally distinctly produced, with apex slightly hollowed. Description. Male. Body length 24 mm; forewing length 35 mm, hindwing length 31 mm. Head entirely shiny black, without post-ocular spines; anterior margin of clypeus yellowish brown. Compound eyes blackish-brown; ocelli pale yellow with inner margin black. Posterior ocelli widely separated from median ocellus, distance between them about twice width of median ocellus. Antenna black. Mouthparts yellowish brown; maxillary and labial palpi yellowish with distal three segments brownish. Thorax mostly blackish-brown; pronotum slightly paler at middle; prosternum orange, but brownish on anterior ¼ except pale yellow margin; meso- and metanotum each with median part yellow. Legs dark brown, bearing dense, yellowish, short setae; tarsal claws reddish brown. Wings (Fig. 1) brown, with several creamy white markings. Forewing with narrow creamy white stripes beside costal crossveins on proximal half; one large ovoid marking and two small spots present near wing base; median part with two round markings (fused with each other in left forewing) and some small spots; distal part with a large round marking. Hindwing with proximal ½ creamy white except for costal space with dark patches; distal ½ with a large round marking. Veins blackish-brown, except for those at pale markings yellow. RP 8-branched; MA mostly trifurcate; 9-10 crossveins between RA and RP; MP1 5 or 6-branched, MP2 2-branched. Abdomen blackish-brown. Tergum 9 (Fig. 2) subtrapezoidal, strongly produced posterolaterally, with small arcuate anterior incision and rather wide V-shaped posterior incision; longitudinal median internal inflection present. Sternum 9 (Fig. 3) broad, slightly widened posteriorly; anterior margin with median portion slightly produced; posterior margin deeply incised, V-shaped, separating a pair of broad subtriangular lobes. Gonostylus 9 (Fig. 2) extremely long, unguiform, arcuately curved dorsomedially, with distal half slightly flattened and pale- colored. Ectoproct (Fig. 2) much shorter than tergum 9, subcylindrical, posterolaterally distinctly produced, with apex slightly hollowed. Fused gonocoxites 10 (Fig. 3) feebly sclerotized, narrow, arched, with broadened dorsomedial lobes; gonostyli 10 slender, widely separated, and slightly curved ventrad. Female. Unknown. Type material. Holotype ♂, MYANMAR: N[orthern], 65 km NW [= northwestern] Putao [a town of Kachin State, 27°19′59″N 97°25′39″E], Zi Yar Dam vill[age]., 1250 m, 18-21.V.1998, S. Murzin & V. Siniaev (LDPC). Distribution. Myanmar (Kachin). Etymology. The new species is named after its distribution in Burma (= Myanmar). Remarks. The new species apparently belongs to the P. differentialis species-group, which was proposed by Liu & Yang (2006a), in having similar blackish-brown body and wings, with creamy white wing marking patterns, and similar male genitalic features (e.g., the tergum 9 strongly produced posterolaterally and with longitudinal median internal inflection, the elliptical and flattened callus cerci, and the extremely long gonostylus 9). However, the new species can be easily distinguished from the other two species of the P. differentialis group. Protohermes

CORYDALIDAE FROM MYANMAR Zootaxa 4306 (3) © 2017 Magnolia Press · 429 burmanus differs from P. differentialis Yang & Yang, 1986 (a species from southern China and northern Vietnam) by lacking long setae on scape and pedicel of male antenna, the relatively dark pronotum, male sternum 9 with broadly V-shaped posterior incision, and the slender, widely separated male gonostyli 10. In P. differentialis the male antennae have long setae on scapes and pedicels, the pronotum is orange with black lateral vittae, the male sternum 9 has narrow posteromedian incision, and the male gonostyli 10 are broad and close to each other. The new species can be separated from P. chebalingensis Liu & Yang, 2006 (a species from southeastern China) by the male sternum 9 with a broadly V-shaped posterior incision and the short male ectoproct with excavated apex. In P. chebalingensis the male sternum 9 has narrow posteromedian incision, which is similar to that in P. differentialis, and the male ectoproct is distinctly long and not excavated at the apex.

FIGURES 1–4. Protohermes burmanus sp. nov. 1. Habitus photo of holotype male; 2. Male genitalia, dorsal view; 3. Male genitalia, ventral view; 4. Male gonocoxites + gonostyli 10, ventral view. c: callus cercus; e: ectoproct; gst: gonostylus; gx: gonocoxite; T: tergum; S: sternum. Scale bar: 5.0 mm (1) and 1.0 mm (2–4).

Subfamily Corydalinae

Neoneuromus latratus (McLachlan) (Fig. 5)

Neuromus latratus McLachlan, 1869: 43. Type locality: India (”India orientali”).

Diagnosis. Head yellow to reddish brown, with a pair of small black spots near antennal fossae, and usually with postocular margins and postocular spines black. Pronotum yellow to reddish brown, laterally with a pair of black vittae, and anterolaterally with a pair of small black spots aside black vittae. Legs blackish-brown, with femora mostly yellow to reddish brown. Forewing slightly smoky brown on distal half, a dark mark present on 1mp-cua. Male sternum 9 attenuate, distinctly incised medially at tip, forming a pair of short digitiform projections; ectoproct clavate, distinctly inflated distad; fused gonocoxites 10 with long lateral arms and broad apex, lateral projections subtrapezoidal, gonostyli 10 present. Materials examined. 1♂2♀, MYANMAR: N, 21 km E Putao, Nan Sa Bon vill., 550 m, 1-5.V.1998, S. Murzin & V. Siniaev (LDPC); 4♀, MYANMAR: N, 25 km E Putao, env. Nan Sa Bon vill., 800 m, 6-9.V.1998, S. Murzin & V. Siniaev (LDPC). Distribution. India (Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur); Myanmar (Kachin).

Protohermes arunachalensis Ghosh (Fig. 6)

Protohermes arunachalensis Ghosh, 1991: 147. Type locality: India (Arunachal Pradesh).

Diagnosis. Head yellowish brown, posterolaterally with 2-4 pairs of black markings. Lateral ocelli widely separated from median ocellus. Pronotum yellowish brown, laterally with two pairs of large black markings. Wings pale smoky brown, with some yellowish markings. Male sternum 9 with trapezoidal posterior incision; ectoproct short, subcylindrical, slightly excavated at apex, with posterolateral corners produced. See an additional description and other information in Liu et al. (2007b). Materials examined. 1♂, MYANMAR: N, 25 km E Putao, 800 m, env. Nan Sa Bon vill., 6-9.V.1998, S. Murzin & V. Siniaev (LDPC); 1♀, MYANMAR: N, Putao, 500 m, 27.IV.1998, S. Murzin & V. Siniaev (LDPC). Distribution. China (Yunnan); India (Arunachal Pradesh); Myanmar (Kachin).

Protohermes assamensis Kimmins (Fig. 7)

Protohermes assamensis Kimmins, 1948: 773. Type locality: India (Assam).

Diagnosis. Head yellowish brown, laterally with a pair of small black markings. Pronotum yellowish brown, laterally with two pairs of broad black markings. Forewing pale smoky brown, with some yellowish markings, among which a distinct narrow transverse band is present proximally. Male tergum 9 distinctly convex posteriad; sternum 9 with arched posterior incision; ectoproct short, bilobed, with ventral lobe relatively short. Material examined. 1♂, MYANMAR: N, 25 km E Putao, 800 m, env. Nan Sa Bon vill., 6-9.V.1998, S. Murzin & V. Siniaev (LDPC). Distribution. India (Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya); Myanmar (Kachin). Remarks. This species was previously redescribed by Liu et al. (2007a). However, the specimens identified as P. assamensis from China and Vietnam in Liu et al. (2007a) were subsequently determined to be a different species from the true P. assamensis (unpublished data). Protohermes assamensis is known only from northeastern India and nearby adjacent areas including northern Myanmar.

CORYDALIDAE FROM MYANMAR Zootaxa 4306 (3) © 2017 Magnolia Press · 431 FIGURES 5–10. Habitus photos of species of Corydalidae newly recorded from Myanmar. 5. Neoneuromus latratus (McLachlan), male; 6. Protohermes arunachalensis Ghosh, male; 7. Protohermes assamensis Kimmins, male; 8. Ctenochauliodes khasianus (van der Weele), male; 9. Neochauliodes punctatolosus Liu & Yang, female; 10. Neochauliodes subfasciatus (Westwood), female.

Subfamily Chauliodinae

Ctenochauliodes khasianus (van der Weele) (Fig. 8)

Neochauliodes khasianus van der Weele, 1909: 259. Type locality: India (Khasi Hills).

Diagnosis. Male antennae strongly pectinate. Forewing with brownish markings, distally as two transverse bands. Male ectoproct twisted distally, forming a triangular, somewhat flattened lobe; fused gonocoxites 10 composed of a pair of bluntly tapered lobes that are nearly equal in length and subtriangular on posterior half of right lobe. See an additional description and other information in Liu et al. (2011). Material examined. 1♂, MYANMAR: N, 65 km NW Putao, Zi Yar Dam vill., 1250 m, 18-21.V.1998, S. Murzin & V. Siniaev (LDPC). Distribution. India (Meghalaya); Myanmar (Kachin). Remarks. The holotype of C. khasianus has relatively pale-colored wings, with very indistinct forewing marking pattern (see Liu et al. 2011: fig. 1). The new material of this species from Myanmar indicates a distinct forewing marking pattern. However, the male genitalia of these two specimens are almost identical, indicating conspecificity.

Neochauliodes punctatolosus Liu & Yang, 2006b: 193. Type locality: Yunnan (Jingdong).

Diagnosis. Head and pronotum entirely orange. Forewing with dense small brownish spots, posterior two RP branches distinctly curved posteriad. Male fused gonocoxites 10 slender suboblong with distal portion broadened in lateral view. See an additional description and other information in Liu & Yang (2006b) and Liu et al. (2010a). Materials examined. 2♀, MYANMAR: N, 21 km E Putao, 550 m, Nan Sa Bon vill., 1-5.V.1998, S. Murzin & V. Siniaev (LDPC); 1♀, MYANMAR: N, 25 km E Putao, 800 m, env. Nan Sa Bon vill., 6-9.V.1998, S. Murzin & V. Siniaev (LDPC). Distribution. China (Yunnan); Laos (Houaphan, Louang Namtha, Vientiane, Xieng Khoang); Myanmar (Kachin); Thailand (Chanthaburi, Chiang Mai); Vietnam (Son La).

Neochauliodes subfasciatus (Westwood) (Fig. 10)

Chauliodes subfasciatus Westwood, 1848: 70. Type locality: Bangladesh (Sylhet).

Diagnosis. Both fore- and hindwings with broad and dark median transverse markings. Male ectoproct posteriorly widened; fused gonocoxites 10 with narrowly elongate median plate that is concaved at tip. Female gonocoxite 9 much broader than ectoproct and acutely produced posteriad. See more description and other information in Liu et al. (2010b). Materials examined. 1♂1♀, MYANMAR: N, 65 km NW Putao, Zi Yar Dam vill., 1250 m, 18-21.V.1998, S. Murzin & V. Siniaev (LDPC). Distribution. Bangladesh (Sylhet); Myanmar (Kachin).

Checklist of Megaloptera from Myanmar

Acanthacorydalis asiatica (Wood-Mason, 1884). Distribution: China, India, Myanmar. Neoneuromus latratus (McLachlan, 1869). Distribution: India, Myanmar. Neurhermes selysi (van der Weele, 1909). Distribution: Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar. Nevromus intimus (McLachlan, 1869). Distribution: China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan. Protohermes arunachalensis Ghosh, 1991. Distribution: China, India, Myanmar. Protohermes assamensis Kimmins, 1948. Distribution: India, Myanmar. Protohermes burmanus sp. nov. Distribution: Myanmar. Protohermes impunctatus Liu, Hayashi & Yang, 2008. Distribution: Myanmar. Protohermes infectus (McLachlan, 1869). Distribution: China, India, Myanmar. Protohermes ohli Liu, Hayashi & Yang, 2013. Distribution: India, Myanmar. Protohermes sonus Liu, Hayashi & Yang, 2013. Distribution: Myanmar. Protohermes striatulus Navás, 1926. Distribution: China, Myanmar, Vietnam. Protohermes subnubilus Kimmins, 1948. Distribution: China, Myanmar. Ctenochauliodes khasianus (van der Weele, 1909). Distribution: India, Myanmar. Neochauliodes moriutii Asahina, 1988. Distribution: China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand. Neochauliodes punctatolosus Liu & Yang, 2006. Distribution: China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam. Neochauliodes subfasciatus (Westwood, 1848). Distribution: Bangladesh, Myanmar. Neochauliodes tonkinensis (van der Weele, 1907). Distribution: China, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam.

CORYDALIDAE FROM MYANMAR Zootaxa 4306 (3) © 2017 Magnolia Press · 433 FIGURE 11. Distribution map of the corydalid species from Myanmar. Species name shown aside corresponding mark. Black star represents the distribution of all species herein newly reported. Grayish star represents the distribution of P. impunctatus, P. striatulus and Neoc. moriutii. Distribution records outside Myanmar not given.

Currently, seven genera and 18 species of Megaloptera are known from Myanmar, but all these species belong to Corydalidae and no species of Sialidae has been recorded. At the genus level, all the five dobsonfly genera endemic to Asia are present in Myanmar, while only two of the five Asian endemic fishfly genera are known from this country. The Burmese corydalids are primarily distributed in Chin, Kachin, Shan states, and the Mandalay Region. Only three species (P. impunctatus, P. striatulus and Neoc. moriutii) range into Kayin State (Fig. 11), suggesting a richer fauna in northern Myanmar. The fauna of Burmese Corydalidae have close biogeographical connection with northeastern India, sharing nine species (i.e., A. asiatica, Neon. latratus, Neur. selysi, Nevr. intimus, P. arunachalensis, P. assamensis, P. infectus, P. ohli, and C. khasianus). Protohermes subnubilus also occurs in western Yunnan Province, China, and Neoc. subfasciatus is also distributed in Bangladesh. These two species, together with the above Indo-Myanmar species, probably belong to same faunal element. Apart from these species, P. striatulus, Neoc. moriutii, Neoc. punctatolosus, and Neoc. tonkinensis, which are common Indochinese species, could have affinities with another faunal element that primarily occur in several countries of Indochina (e.g., Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam) to the east of Myanmar. Among the Burmese corydalids, only three species, i.e., P. burmanus, P. impunctatus, and P. sonus, appear to be endemic to Myanmar. However, they may occur in adjacent countries considering the previously mentioned extensive biogeographical similarities between the faunas of Myanmar, northeastern India, eastern Indochina, etc. It is noteworthy that there are ca. 30 and 50 species of Megaloptera known from India and Yunnan Province, China. As a country located between these two regions with rich species diversity of Megaloptera, Myanmar is a most interesting region for future new findings of Megaloptera.

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31672322, 31322051) and the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 5162016).

References

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