Geschiebetransportmodell Rhone

26.03.15 Alpenrhein

Morphology and Morphologyand Floods 4. 3. 2. 1. Content 25 KHR,the From Source mouth, a to sediment budget of the RiverRhine Benno Zarn, Hunziker,Zarn & Partner AG, CH - 26 26 March 2015, Lyon France Bed Bed load transport River Training Hydrology Catchment

Morphology

in the - Domat

AlpineRegion /Ems

26.03.15 Alpenrhein

1. 1. Catchment Catchment suspended suspended load: load:bed 100 glaciation: average altitude: drainage area: - year flood:

35’000 35’000

–

60’000 m 3 3 m Mio. 1’800 1’800 3’100 3’100 m 6’119 km < 1.4% < a.s.l 3 3 3 /s /y /y 2 .

L a i

d a

T V o B m o o r C a d d H e e n r r s h e e H e i n D i n E t e r r P I L h T L l a I e e l I n l i s n d s A q u u T r a r t 26.03.15 Alpenrhein

Geology Catchment schist

26.03.15 Alpenrhein

Val Catchment schist Parghera

V a l

P a r g C e H h r a D E I T L I A T 26.03.15 Alpenrhein

tributaries Catchment narrowing moraine, sediment sourcesediment moraine,

Hinterrhein

( Domleschg Plessur ) about 200 years ago aboutyears200 )

26.03.15 Alpenrhein

[ m a.s.] 1927 flood flood 1927 river river training Dammbruch Dammbruch Buchs / 750 800 850 900 950 6000 -

morphology 5000 1896 Schaan –

torrent control e.g. Schraubach control torrent

1927

2003

4000 [m] 3000 Mio. Mio. m3 15 um 1950, Schuders Rutschung Schraubach –

C H I T L I A T 26.03.15 Alpenrhein

7 hydrology Süd, Süd, 1987 2. 2. Hydrology m a i n

d i v i

d e

(2002) 1927, 1954, 1834, 1868,

1999, 2005

Nord,1910

26.03.15 Alpenrhein

large floods in the past in the floods large 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 hydrology 1600 1200 1620 1220

1640 1240 1660 1260 1680 1280 1700 1300 1720 1320 1740 1340

1760 1360 1780 1380 1800 1400 1820 1420 1840 1440 1860 1460 1880 1480 1900 1500 1920 1520 1927 large large floods veryfloods large large floods extrem floods catastrophic 1940 1540 1960 1560 1980 1580 1987 2000 1600 26.03.15 Alpenrhein

1927 hydrology Rhine gorge -

and 1987 floods 1987and

–

ruin

aulta

(Vorderrhein)

26.03.15

10 Alpenrhein

hydro power power hydro hydrology 200 400 600 800 storage volume [10 storage volume 0 1920 Spullersee Inbetriebnahme 1925

1930

1940 6 m – 3

1950 Silvretta 1951 ]

Marmorera 1954 basin storage Zervreila 1958 1960 Lünersee 1959 Nalps, Valle di Lei 1959 Spullersee 1965 Curnera 1966 Kops 1967 St. Maria 1968 Curnera 1970 SantaMaria Nalps Gigerwald 1976 1980

1990 Zervreila Panix 1992

Panix 2000 Gigerwald

ValleLeidi Mapragg R e S Sufers i c a h

r e g n a a B n

u s u

h Solis s F V

e C L a l d h a d k u n u i r d z r c Rodund q h u a r Latschau t Marmorera Vermunt Ragall

Davosersee

Silvrettasee

Spullersee

Kops

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11 Alpenrhein

average hydrograph bevor/after storage construction storage bevor/after hydrograph average hydrology reduction reduction the sediment of transport capacity of factor about 1.6 180 m increase winter discharge (average 30 up to 60 m decrease runoffsnowmelt about 80 discharge [m discharge 100 200 300 400 500 0 0 Januar

3 /s) 3 /

Februar s] 1000 1899-1953 befor construction storage basin storage construction befor 1899-1953 basin storage construction after 1969-2008 März 2000 April 3000 Mai 4000 Juni -

100 100 m Juli 5000 3 /s August

6000 3 /s, /s, daily up changes to Sept. Domat/Ems E 3229 km 3229 E Domat/Ems Oktober 7000 Nov.

8000 Dez. [h] 2 26.03.15

12 Alpenrhein river river training Dufourkarte, Dufourkarte, blau Flusslauf eingefärbt heutiger 3. River - - - example downstream mouth mouth River downstream example capacitytransport loadbed the to increase narrowing since ca.1850 systematically Tamina - morphology training

morphology

Landquart

Landquart Rheinauen Mastrilser

26.03.15

13 Alpenrhein river river training - morphology

Vorderrhein Sargans Bad Ragaz Bad Ellhorn Buchs Graubünden Bodensee Tamina St. Gallen Altstätten 0 St. Margrethen St. Hinterrhein Reichenau 35 50 Mastrilser Rheinauen 55 5 30 45 40 60 St. Gallen Fussach 65 Vorarlberg Schaan 10 Graubünden Balzers Vaduz Plessur 25 Chur Fürstentum Liechtenstein 15 70 20 Fürstentum Liechtenstein Ill Landquart 75 Landquart Vorarlberg Feldkirch 80 85 90 Diepoldsau Lustenau Hard 26.03.15

14 Alpenrhein river river training - morphology

15 Alpenrhein river river training cut meander

at Fussach

cut - morphology

(1885 Diepoldsau -

1900)

(1909

- 1923)

V o r d e r r S h B a e a r i E g d B n G a

l u B l R r h n a T c S o a o u s h a t 0 d . b A g r

s m S G n ü H R e a l 3 n t a t 5 n 5 i i z s e d . n n M 0 l R 5

s l t e i e a h M a t 5 5 ä c s e e 3 n 4 e 4 n t i h 0 r t n 5 6 0 i e a r l t a s 0 e e u r e S r e r h 6

g n n n F t V 1 5 S e . G V B r a

0 u o G e P i c r 2 u r a n a s C a 1 a 7 a t 5 h l F 2 5 s h d u l 0 e r l h z 0 l a ü l b F e a b e u s e r u ü I 7 a n ü e c s L n z s l L 5 n r r r l r t n h s a s e u g a d V t n e F n r e n o t n n u d e r d a t m 8 u q l q r 8 d 0 m l 9

u 5 b u L mouth 0 k D L e

a i a L pre i e r u r i r i g c r e c e t s t H h c p h t t h e a e o t

n e r n l stretch s d d n a t s s e

u t i a e since n i u n

at 1972 the

26.03.15

16 Alpenrhein

“erosion” between 1950 and 1974and 1950 between “erosion” river river training [m] -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 0 Vorder-/Hinterrhein

Wehr Reichenau 1944/45 5 - morphology Felsberg

10 Waffenplatz

Plessur 15

20 25 Landquart 30 35 Ellhorn 1940/41 1950/55 -1974 40

45 50 Buchs 55 1950/55 -19795 60

65 Ill 70 75 distance [km] distance 80 85

90 alte Mündung 26.03.15

17 Alpenrhein

gravelmining river river training - morphology

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 [10 mining gravel

1935-1939 km 65.0 - 90.0 - 65.0 km 65.0 - 23.7 km 0.023.7 - km 1940-1944 6 m 3

1945-1949 ]

1950-1954 1955-1959

1960-1964

1965-1969 Werdenberger Alpenrhein, Einsturz Brücke 1970-1974 Buchs/ 1975-1979 Schaan Jahrbuch 1980-1984 1972,

über den 1985-1989

1990-1994

1995-1999 26.03.15

18 Alpenrhein

parameter changeable parameter reference calibration bed load transport model 1974 4. load Bed transport bed load bed load transport 10'000 20'000 30'000 40'000 50'000 60'000 70'000 80'000 [m 3 /year] 0 0

Vorder-/Hinterrhein -1995 1974 transport bedload annual average 5

10 Plessur 15 20

25 Landquart - - - -

bed load bed load grain size variation mean bed level (observed) gravel mining Lake of Constance (observed) 30

35 - 95 40 input

(inside (inside 45

50 observation observation range) 55 60 65 Ill 70 75

distance [km] distance

80 85

90 Lake of Constance

gravel mining 74-95 ca. 34’500 m3/year 26.03.15

19 Alpenrhein bed load bed load transport [m] [m] -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0 0 mean bed level change 1974 -1988 1974 level bedchange mean

mean bed level change 1988 - 1995 1988 level change bed mean Wehr Reichenau Wehr Reichenau 5 5 Felsberg Felsberg

Waffen- Waffen- 10 10 platz Plessur platz Plessur Rheinauen Mastrilser 15 15 20 20

Landquart 25 Rheinauen

Landquart 1974 25 Mastrilser 1988 30 30

Ellhorn Ellhorn 35 35 40 40 aggradation aggradation 45 45 50

50 Buchs Buchs

55 erosion

55 erosion 60 60 65 65 Ill Ill 70 70 75 calculated model 2 calculatedmodel 1 calculatedmodel observed 75 calculated model 2 calculated model 1 calculated model observed distance [km] distance distance [km] distance 80 80 85 85 90 90 26.03.15

20 Alpenrhein bed load bed load transport [m] - - comparison mean bed level change:

observation observation 15 (1996 years prediction 22 years (regime 1974 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0

Wehr Reichenau 5 Felsberg

10 Waffenplatz Plessur 15 20

25 Landquart 1995/96 30 –

2011) 35 Ellhorn – 40

aggradation 1995) 45

50 Buchs

55 erosion 60 65 Ill 19952011 - observed GM5) 70 predicted 75 distance [km] distance 80 85 90 26.03.15

21 Alpenrhein bed load bed load transport - - - model parameter as calibration 1974 verification 10'000 20'000 30'000 40'000 50'000 60'000 bed load bed load byinput gravel mining as observed 1996 discharge (bed load byinput tributaries) 0 [m

1969 3

mining bevor 1974 /Jahr] not showed

1975 calibration 1997-1995: m 43'500 Maschänser 1980

1985 gravel mining at mouth of River of gravel mining at Landquart mouth

Rüfi –

– 2011

1990 (debris (debris flow)

3 1995 except1995 /year

1995 verification 1996-2011:18'700 m

2000

2005 3 2010 /year 26.03.15

22 Alpenrhein bed load bed load transport 4 3 2 1 Probable explanation for the differences [m] Verification

local local effect underestimation underestimation bed load input underestimation bed load input bed load transport as «waves» ? -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0

Wehr Reichenau 5 Felsberg

10 Waffenplatz 1996 Plessur 3 15

1 2011 20

25 Landquart

1995/96 30 ?

Landquart Vorderrhein Ellhorn

40 aggradation 45 4

, Ill? grain / ? size

/ 50

Plessur Buchs

55 erosion 2

60 ?

65 19962011- observed GM5) 19962011- calculated Ill

70 predicted 75 distance [km] distance 80 Run3) 85 90 26.03.15

23 Alpenrhein bed load bed load transport Conclusion - - - - river tributaries for adequate assumptions the bed load of input the main in third step: better understanding the of processes and alterations in the second step: models bed load budgets are the first step understanding of the is necessary past prediction for