District Demographic and Socio-Economic Indicators: Census 1996; 2001; 2011 DEVELOPMENT PLANNING ECONOMIC AND HUMAN RESOURCE AND INFRASTRUCTURE RURAL DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT INFORMATION AND OPERATIONS, CORPORATE SOCIAL MOBILISATION KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND FINANCIAL SERVICES IDEAS/CONCEPT ANALYSIS DEVELOPMENT FINANCIALS / NOTE STATISTICS / DATA ECSECC Working Paper Series District Demographic and Socio-Economic Indicators: Census 1996; 2001; 2011 Table of Contents Introduction 5 The Role of Census in Planning and Policy-Making 5 Population Dynamics Differ Spatially Across the Eastern Cape Province 5 Key Findings 6 Map of the Eastern Cape Province 7 Eastern Cape Demographic Indicators 8 Buffalo City Metro 9 Nelson Mandela Bay Metro 13 Alfred Nzo District Municipality 17 Matatiele Local Municipality 20 Mbizana Local Municipality 21 Ntabankulu Local Municipality 22 Umzimvubu Local Municipality 23 Amathole District Municipality 25 Amahlathi Local Municipality 28 Great Kei Local Municipality 29 Mbhashe Local Municipality 30 Mnquma Local Municipality 31 Nqgushwa Local Municipality 32 Nkonkobe Local Municipality 33 Nxuba Local Municipality 34 Cacadu District Municipality 35 Baviaans Local Municipality 38 Blue Crane Route Local Municipality 39 Camdeboo Local Municipality 40 Ikwezi Local Municipality 41 Kouga Local Municipality 42 Kou-Kamma Local Municipality 43 Makana Local Municipality 44 Ndlambe Local Municipality 45 Sundays River Valley Local Municipality 46 Chris Hani District Municipality 47 Emalahleni Local Municipality 50 Engcobo Local Municipality 51 Inkwanca Local Municipality 52 Intsika Yethu Local Municipality 53 Inxuba Yethemba Local Municipality 54 Lukanji Local Municipality 55 Sakhisizwe Local Municipality 56 Tsolwana Local Municipality 57 Joe Gqabi District Municipality 59 Elundini Local Municipality 62 Gariep Local Municipality 63 Maletswai Local Municipality 64 Senqu Local Municipality 65 OR Tambo District Municipality 66 King Sabata Dalindyebo Local Municipality 69 Mhlontlo Local Municipality 70 Ngquza Hill Local Municipality 71 Nyandeni Local Municipality 72 Port St Johns Local Municipality 73 3 District Demographic and Socio-Economic Indicators: Census 1996; 2001; 2011 1. Introduction Since the first democratic elections in 1994, South Africa has conducted three censuses: 1996, 2001 and 2011. A census captures changes in the structure and movement of the population. The aim of this document is twofold. Firstly, it identifies dominant demographic trends that allow policy-makers the opportunity to make optimal decisions. Secondly, it provides selected findings from the 2011 census and highlights areas where policy intervention is needed most. This document contains demographic fact sheets for the two metros, six districts and specific local municipalities in the Eastern Cape. The data is from Statistics South Africa, and it is presented under six main headings: population size; households; labour force composition; education; housing characteristics; and access to services (water, sanitation, energy, refuse removal). 2. The role of the census in planning and policy-making A good demographic profile gives policy-makers the opportunity to make optimal decisions. This makes planning for demographic changes simpler, especially in the face of growing demand for goods and services. Ignoring demographic trends can result in serious misallocation of resources and inappropriate policy interventions. If policy interventions are informed by sound demographic data, then programmes to improve health care, education, skills development, human settlements and employment, can be properly targeted and the appropriate services and infrastructure provided. The findings of the census are also critical for the decision-making processes of the private sector. Both public and private sectors can take full advantage of the province’s population profile to ensure that correct policies are designed and the potentials that the population offers are fully realised. 3. Population dynamics differ spatially across the Eastern Cape province Census 1996 results showed that the Eastern Cape had a population of 6 147 244. This population had by 2011 grown to 6 562 053, an increase of 414 809 persons or 6.7%. Population dynamics differ spatially across the province. According to the 2011 census, the population in the Eastern Cape was distributed as follows: OR Tambo district 1 364 943 (20.8%); Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality accounts 17.6%(1 152 115); Amatole district 892 637(13.6%); Alfred Nzo district 801 344(12.2%); Chris Hani district 795 461(12.1%); Buffalo City Metro 755 200(11.5%); Cacadu district 450 584(6.9%); and Joe Gqabi district 349 768(5.3%) of the Eastern Cape’s population. Between 2001 and 2011, the population grew in: Cacadu district (1.5%); Nelson Mandela Bay Metro (1.4%); Buffalo City Metro (0.7%); OR Tambo district (0.5%); Alfred Nzo district (0.4%); and Joe Gqabi district (0.2%). It declined in two areas: Amatole district (-0.8%) and Chris Hani district (-0.1%). 5 District Demographic and Socio-Economic Indicators: Census 1996; 2001; 2011 4. Key findings include: Population: Between 1996 and 2011, the Eastern Cape population grew by 6.7%. This growth is insignificant compared to Gauteng’s population growth of 60.9% Migration: Between 2001 and 2011, 436 466 people left the Eastern Cape, while 158 205 people came into the province. There was a net out-migration of 278 261 people. Youth Unemployment: The 2011 census shows that the Eastern Cape has the second highest youth unemployment rate (47.3%) in the country after Limpopo (49.4%). Poverty: For every 100 people aged 14-65 in the Eastern Cape, almost 55 people had no income. This shows the depth of extreme poverty in the province. Education and illiteracy levels: The 2011 census shows that the Eastern Cape had the highest illiteracy rate (26.5%). Settlement patterns: The 2011 Census shows that 63.2% of households live in formal dwellings (compared to 77.6% for South Africa); 28.2% of households live in traditional dwellings (compared to 7.9% for South Africa); and 7.7% of households live in informal dwellings (compared to 13.6% for South Africa). Access to water: In 1996, a large proportion (45.1%) of households in the Eastern Cape still used water from streams, rivers, boreholes, springs and dams/pools. This proportion dropped to 36.8% in 2001 and fell further to 22.2% in 2011. Access to sanitation: In all three censuses, 1996, 2001, and 2011, the Eastern Cape had the lowest proportion of households with access to flush toilets and the highest proportion of households with no access to a toilet facility. Access to energy: In all three censuses, 1996, 2001, and 2011, the Eastern Cape had the lowest proportion of households with access to electricity for lighting and second lowest proportion of households with access to electricity for heating and cooking. Access to telecommunications: Census 2011 shows that three quarters of households in the Eastern Cape had no access to the Internet. However, in all provinces, more than 80% of households have access to a cell phone. 6 District Demographic and Socio-Economic Indicators: Census 1996; 2001; 2011 Eastern Cape Population : Census 2011 Umzimvubu Senqu Gariep Maletswai Elundini Ntabankulu Mbizana District Demographic andSocio-Economic Indicators: Census 1996;2001; 2011 Mhlontlo Ngquza Hill Sakhisizwe Port Inkwanca St Johns Emalahleni Nyandeni Engcobo King Sabata Dalindyebo Tsolwana Inxuba Yethemba Intsika Yethu Lukanji Mbhashe Camdeboo Mnquma Amahlathi Nxuba Great Kei Blue Crane Route Nkonkobe Ikwezi Buffalo City Local Municipalities Ngqushwa Baviaans Makana District Municipalities Sunday’s River Valley Population Ndlambe Nelson 341750 - 388206 Mandela 388207 - 704855 Kou-Kamma Kouga Metropolitan 704856 - 800289 Indian Ocean 800290 - 1005779 1005780 - 1295145 7 Demographic Indicators (Census: 1996; 2001; 2011) Eastern Cape Census 1996 - Census 2001- Census % Change 1996 2001 2001 2011 2011 1996 - 2011 Trend POPULATION ➚ Total population 6,147,244 ▲ 6,278,651 ▲ 6,562,053 6.7 ➚ ➚ Male 2,840,235 ▲ 2,906,521 ▲ 3,307,009 16.4 ➚ ➚ Female 3,307,009 ▲ 3,372,130 ▲ 3,472,352 5.0 ➚ ➚ African 5,291,423 ▲ 5,473,922 ▲ 5,660,230 7.0 ➚ ➘ Asian 19,378 ▼ 18,483 ▲ 27,929 44.1 ➘ ➚ Coloured 469,684 ▲ 480,408 ▲ 541,550 15.3 ➚ ➘ White 331,249 ▼ 305,539 ▼ 310,450 -6.3 ➘ ➘ Population age group 0 - 14 2,403,123 ▼ 2,296,913 ▼ 2,167,491 -9.8 ➘ ➚ Population age group 15 - 64 3,336,333 ▲ 3,588,223 ▲ 3,952,967 18.5 ➚ ➚ Population age group 65+ 357,411 ▲ 393,516 ▲ 441,594 23.6 ➚ Dependancy ratio 82.7 ▼ 75.0 ▲ 66.0 -16.74 ➘➚ HOUSEHOLDS - ➚ Number of households 1,303,287 ▲ 1,481,640 ▲ 1,687,385 29.5 ➚ Percentage of female headed by women 49.6 ▲ 50.9 ▼ 49.6 0.00 ➚➘ ➘ Average household size 4.7 ▼ 4.2 ▼ 3.9 -0.83 ➘ LABOUR Number of people employed 778,635 ▼ 750,918 ▲ 2,057,927 164.3 ➘➚ Number of people unemployed 724,054 ▲ 891,344 ▲ 1,231,698 70.1 ➚➘ Unemployment rate 48.2 ▲ 54.3 ▼ 37.4 -10.7 ➚➘ EDUCATION People aged 20 + years with no schooling 607,746 ▲ 1,018,688 ▼ 375,754 -38.2 ➚➘ People aged 20 + years with some primary 612,789 ▲ 2,096,630 ▼ 653,118 6.6 ➚➘ People aged 20 + years who completed primary 257,921 ▲ 415,607 ▼ 223,075 -13.5 ➚➘ People aged 20 + years with some secondary 947,592 ▲ 1,409,009 ▼ 1,300,491 37.2 ➚➘ ➚ People aged 20 + years whith GR 12 325,870 ▲ 495,746 ▲ 715,117 119.4 ➚ ➚ People aged 20 + years whith Gr 12 and higher 148,501 ▲ 250,687 ▲ 303,279 104.2 ➚ People aged 5 - 24 attending school 2,055,957 ▲ 2,269,246 ▼ 1,000,126 -51.4 ➚➘ People