DOCSLIB.ORG

Recording Devices, Image Creation Reproduction Devices

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Recording Devices, Image Creation Reproduction Devices 11/19/2010 Early Color Management: Closed systems Color Management: ICC Profiles, Color Management Modules and Devices Drum scanner uses three photomultiplier tubes aadnd typica lly scans a film negative . A fixed transformation for the in‐house system Dr. Michael Vrhel maps the recorded RGB values to CMYK separations. Print operator adjusts final ink amounts. RGB CMYK Note: At‐home, camera film to prints and NTSC television. TC 707 Basis of modern techniques for color specification, measurement, control and communication. 11/17/2010 1 2 Reproduction Devices Recording Devices, Image Creation 3 4 1 11/19/2010 Modern Color Modern Color Communication: Communication: Open systems. Open systems. Profile Connection Space (PCS) e.g. CIELAB, CIEXYZ or sRGB 5 6 Modern Color Communication: Open Standards, Standards, Standards.. Systems. Printing Industry: ICC profile as an ISO standard Postscript color management was the first adopted solution providing a connection ISO 15076‐1:2005 Image technology colour management Space 1990 in PostScript Level 2. Architecture, profile format and data structure ‐‐ Part 1: Based on ICC.1:2004‐10 Apple ColorSync was a competing solution introduced in 1993. Camera characterization standards ISO 22028‐1 specifies the image state architecture and encoding requirements. International Color Consortium (ICC) developed a standard that has now been widely ISO 22028‐3 specifies the RIMM, ERIMM (and soon the FP‐RIMM) RGB color encodings. adopted at least by the print industry. Organization founded in 1993 by Adobe, Agfa, IEC/ISO 61966‐2‐2 specifies the scRGB, scYCC, scRGB‐nl and scYCC‐nl color encodings. Kodak, Microsoft, Silicon Graphics, Sun Microsystems and Taligent. ISO 17321‐1 Colour characterization of digital still cameras. IEC 61966‐9 Simplified measurement and transform determination for digital cameras. HP introduced sRGB as a “cheap” easy solution. A common default today. Film Industry Microsoft Windows Color System (WCS). What happened? No real standards! There is the Image Interchange Framework which specifies a file format and the use Film industry and digital camera industry still working on solutions. of SMPTE RDD 15‐2007 which is a “Color Transformation Language”. Lots of customized mappings that keeps color scientists well employed. 7 8 2 11/19/2010 ICC Specification ICC Specification Printing Industry: ICC profile as an ISO standard ISO 15076‐1:2005 Image technology colour management 128 byte • Tag-based Architecture, profile format and data structure ‐‐ Part 1: Based on ICC.1:2004‐10 profile header • Public required tags Specification is available at www.color.org • Public optional tags Tag count Signature, offset, size • Private tags Most profiles created today are of the Version 2 (V2) variety. Signature, offset, size • MLUT based mappings Signature, offset, size Today the ICC is heavily promoting Version 4 (V4) profiles. Adoption has been slow. • Matrix based mappings CMMs have Begun to support it though. V4 profiles are allowed in PDF documents. V4 Signature, offset, size Tagged element data primarily introduces new structures that can be used as well as the concept of a • Profile Connection Space (PCS) Perceptual Rendering Media Gamut (()PRMG). This is in essence a target gamut to which can be CIEXYZ or CIELAB everyone could map too. Possible to ensure colorant purity across devices. ICC profile is a uni- or bi-directional mapping between a device color space (e.g CMYK, Most MLUT ICC profiles use New addendums have been introduced to allow flexible pipelines of operations as RGB) and a perceptual color space CIELAB as PCS. Matrix profiles well as floating point precision. I have never run across one of these. (e.g.) CIEXYZ or CIELAB. use CIEXYZ. PCS White point is D50. 9 10 Matrix Based MLUT mapping: Device Color to PCS Red TRC Green TRC Matrix 3x3 CIEXYZ Blue TRC Model developed for displays. Note that this model is often inverted by CMM. Danger if TRC is not readily invertible. 11 12 3 11/19/2010 Profiles are output referred chromaticAdaptationTag rendering tALf T tALf T iL, pcs pcsi iL, src srci The MLUT or the matrix mapping always supply D50 CIEXYZ or D50 CIELAB. 2 min EFtMt F i,, Lpcs adapt i L src Which is to say that an input of RGB = [1,1,1] would give a Madapt CIEXYZ value of [0.9642 1.0000 0.8249] Often recommended to use diagonal mapping in “cone space” . Bradford Transformation There is a white point tag contained in the profile which indicates the true white point of the medium. Since you have to map this to D50 (which 0.8951 0.2664 –0.1614 X affects all the colors), the ICC recommends a 3x3 matrix to adjust your XYZ 0.7502 1.7135 0.0367 Y Nt BFD i, L2 measurements to D50. 0. 0389– 0. 0685 102961.0296 Z X D50 00 X Lpcs 00 src tMt Lsrc D50 src Y M 00D50 Y 1 Lpcs src MN 00 N adapt BFD BFD Z Lsrc 00D50 Zsrc L 00pcs 13 Lsrc 14 0.09 0.08 0.07 Profile Classes: Input 0.06 0.05 Typically used for scanners, cameras. 0.04 relative response Bradford 0.03 Required Tags: LUT Based AToB0Tag 0020.02 PCS can be CIEXYZ or CIELAB 0.8951 0.2664 –0.1614 0.01 CAT02 0.7502 1.7135 0.0367 0 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 0.7328 0.4296 –0.1624 Matrix Based redMatrixColumnTag 0.0389 –0.0685 1.0296 wavelength nm 0.7036 1.6975 0.0061 PCS is CIEXYZ greenMatrixColumnTag 0.003 0.0136 0.9834 blueMatrixColumnTag Model for display source redTRCTag (Note TRC = Tone Reproduction Curve) greenTRCTag Cone space Bradford Cone space CAT02 0.1 0.09 blueTRCTag 0.08 0.08 T 0.07 cNLf Recorded data 0.06 0.06 0.05 T 0.04 0.04 tALf D50 Adjusted to D50 (output referred) 0.03 relative response 0.02 response relative 0.02 2 0 0.01 0 min EGtc GF -0.02 F 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 -0.01 wavelength nm 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 wavelength nm 15 16 4 11/19/2010 Output Profiles Rendering Intents Used for printers, complex displays Required Tags: Relative Colorimetric – White point of the medium is mapped to the AToB0Tag , AToB1Tag, AToB2Tag white point of the reference illuminant. Maintain BToA0Tag, BToA1Tag, BToA2Tag hue and lightness in gamut mapping. gamutTag colorantTableTag (for the xCLR colour spaces) Absolute Colorimetric – No media white point mapping. Uses chromatic adaptation tag. Perceptual – Implementation specific. Gamut compressed or expanded, AToB0Tag: Forward mapping from device values to PCS. Perceptual rendering. intended to give visually pleasing result for images. BToA0Tag: Inverse mapping from PCS to device values. Perceptual rendering. Saturation – Implementation specific. Preserve saturation at expense of AToB1Tag: Forward mapping from device values to PCS. Colorimetric rendering. hue and lightness. Intended for graphics. BToA1Tag: Inverse mapping from PCS to device values. Colorimetric rendering. AToB2Tag: Forward mapping from device values to PCS. Saturation rendering. BToA2Tag: Inverse mapping from PCS to device values. Saturation rendering. 17 18 Forward Table Creation Creating ICC Profiles: Printer Case Step 1: Linearization Forward tables A2B0, A2B1, A2B2 map from device values (A) to PCS values (B). Creation of this table is straight forward since the table grid points are in device space (i.e. RGB or CMYK). This amounts to printing out a grid of sample values and measuring with a colorimeter or a spectrophotometer. Total Delta E Ink Percentage Since linear interpolation is usually used in the MLUT, it is desirable to linearize 19 20 5 11/19/2010 Forward Table Step 2. Print linearized chart Measure with spectrophotometer MLUT transformation (e.g. 9x9x9 entries) B RGB CIELAB G R T FG()cALf 21 22 Inverse Table 1 T cALf FG Device Gamut The inverse table is indexed in the PCS and maps from PCS values to device values (e.g. RGB). Issues: There may be values which are outside the range of c (outside gamut). Quantization errors in the PCS may be an issue. Inverse table may need to be larger. 23 24 6 11/19/2010 An algorithm for constructing the inverse table Gamut of device 1. Step through all device values and use forward table to compute CIELAB value. T Point outside of FG()cALf must be extrapol 2. Check if CIELAB is within a delta value of a grid point in the inverse table. a. If it is within delta then assign the grid point storing the delta value Grid point that b. If an existing point is already assigned, compare deltas, keeping the closest. is in-gamut and c. MkMark in a gamut tbltable, those poitints tha t have been assidigned. can bibe interpolated l d from measured data Measured data point from target (printed by device and measured) 25 26 Rendering Intent and gamut mapping Radii are not constant hue in CIELAB! L* Gamut CIECAM02 often used for this today. a* 100 Perceptual Intent is x Colorimetric mapping where specialized WCS uses a CIECAM02 PCS x methods can be introduced. Saturation mapping b* 50 Hung and Berns lines of constant perceived hue plotted in CIELAB. a* b* Saturation Intent: Map toward L* = 50 neutral axis. Colorimetric Intent: Map toward neutral axis. Constant hue and lightness. 27 28 7 11/19/2010 Color Management Module (CMM): Bringing it all together Color Management Destination ICC Profile Source ICC Profile Module (CMM) DiDevice Linked transform DiDevice Source from source to Destination device color Photoshop working Color Color space is sRGB. CMM typically creates a new object, e.g. 1‐D LUTs, MLUT, 1‐D LUTs. An application (e.g Photoshop, Acrobat etc.) can have its own CMM which applies ICC profile transformations.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cielab Color Space
    Gernot Hoffmann CIELab Color Space Contents . Introduction 2 2. Formulas 4 3. Primaries and Matrices 0 4. Gamut Restrictions and Tests 5. Inverse Gamma Correction 2 6. CIE L*=50 3 7. NTSC L*=50 4 8. sRGB L*=/0/.../90/99 5 9. AdobeRGB L*=0/.../90 26 0. ProPhotoRGB L*=0/.../90 35 . 3D Views 44 2. Linear and Standard Nonlinear CIELab 47 3. Human Gamut in CIELab 48 4. Low Chromaticity 49 5. sRGB L*=50 with RGB Numbers 50 6. PostScript Kernels 5 7. Mapping CIELab to xyY 56 8. Number of Different Colors 59 9. HLS-Hue for sRGB in CIELab 60 20. References 62 1.1 Introduction CIE XYZ is an absolute color space (not device dependent). Each visible color has non-negative coordinates X,Y,Z. CIE xyY, the horseshoe diagram as shown below, is a perspective projection of XYZ coordinates onto a plane xy. The luminance is missing. CIELab is a nonlinear transformation of XYZ into coordinates L*,a*,b*. The gamut for any RGB color system is a triangle in the CIE xyY chromaticity diagram, here shown for the CIE primaries, the NTSC primaries, the Rec.709 primaries (which are also valid for sRGB and therefore for many PC monitors) and the non-physical working space ProPhotoRGB. The white points are individually defined for the color spaces. The CIELab color space was intended for equal perceptual differences for equal chan- ges in the coordinates L*,a* and b*. Color differences deltaE are defined as Euclidian distances in CIELab. This document shows color charts in CIELab for several RGB color spaces.
    [Show full text]
  • Harlequin RIP OEM Manual
    0RIPMate for Windows operating systems Harlequin PLUS Server RIP v9.0 June 2011 AG12325 Rev. 13 Copyright and Trademarks Harlequin PLUS Server RIP June 2011 Part number: HK‚9.0‚ÄìOEM‚ÄìWIN Document issue: 106 Copyright ¬© 2011 Global Graphics Software Ltd. All rights reserved. Certificate of Computer Registration of Computer Software. Registration No. 2006SR05517 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, elec- tronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Global Graphics Software Ltd. The information in this publication is provided for information only and is subject to change without notice. Global Graphics Software Ltd and its affiliates assume no responsibility or liability for any loss or damage that may arise from the use of any information in this publication. The software described in this book is furnished under license and may only be used or cop- ied in accordance with the terms of that license. Harlequin is a registered trademark of Global Graphics Software Ltd. The Global Graphics Software logo, the Harlequin at Heart Logo, Cortex, Harlequin RIP, Harlequin ColorPro, EasyTrap, FireWorks, FlatOut, Harlequin Color Management System (HCMS), Harlequin Color Production Solutions (HCPS), Harlequin Color Proofing (HCP), Harlequin Error Diffusion Screening Plugin 1-bit (HEDS1), Harlequin Error Diffusion Screening Plugin 2-bit (HEDS2), Harlequin Full Color System (HFCS), Harlequin ICC Profile Processor (HIPP), Harlequin Standard Color System (HSCS), Harlequin Chain Screening (HCS), Harlequin Display List Technology (HDLT), Harlequin Dispersed Screening (HDS), Harlequin Micro Screening (HMS), Harlequin Precision Screening (HPS), HQcrypt, Harlequin Screening Library (HSL), ProofReady, Scalable Open Architecture (SOAR), SetGold, SetGoldPro, TrapMaster, TrapWorks, TrapPro, TrapProLite, Harlequin RIP Eclipse Release and Harlequin RIP Genesis Release are all trademarks of Global Graphics Software Ltd.
    [Show full text]
  • NEC Multisync® PA311D Wide Gamut Color Critical Display Designed for Photography and Video Production
    NEC MultiSync® PA311D Wide gamut color critical display designed for photography and video production 1419058943 High resolution and incredible, predictable color accuracy. The 31” MultiSync PA311D is the ultimate desktop display for applications where precise color is essential. The innovative wide-gamut LED backlight provides 100% coverage of Adobe RGB color space and 98% coverage of DCI-P3, enabling more accurate colors to be displayed on screen. Utilizing a high performance IPS LCD panel and backed by a 4 year warranty with Advanced Exchange, the MultiSync PA311D delivers high quality, accurate images simply and beautifully. Impeccable Image Performance The wide-gamut LED LCD backlight combined with NEC’s exclusive SpectraView Engine deliver precise color in every environment. • True 4K resolution (4096 x 2160) offers a high pixel density • Up to 100% coverage of Adobe RGB color space and 98% coverage of DCI-P3 • 10-bit HDMI and DisplayPort inputs display up to 1.07 billion colors out of a palette of 4.3 trillion colors Ultimate Color Management The sophisticated SpectraView Engine provides extensive, intuitive control over color settings. • MultiProfiler software and on-screen controls provide access to thousands of color gamut, gamma, white point, brightness and contrast combinations • Internal 14-bit 3D lookup tables (LUTs) work with optional SpectraViewII color calibration solution for unparalleled color accuracy A Perfect Fit for Your Workspace A Better Workflow Future-proof connectivity, great ergonomics, and VESA mount Exclusive,
    [Show full text]
  • Unbounded Color Engines
    Unbounded Color Engines Marti Maria; Little CMS; Palamós; Catalonia, Spain Abstract the spec, ICC profiles are no longer limited to 8 or 16 bit, but to A Color Matching Method (CMM), also called a Color the broad range of 32-bit IEEE 754 floating point. That was a huge Engine, is a software component that does the color conversion improvement when regarding precision and dynamic range, which calculations from one device's color space to another. This paper is now only limited by floating point representation and can take as 39 discuses a new working mode for CMMs that allows such software much as 10 components to operate in a way that is not restricted by the gamut of the device encoding, the gamut of the profile connection space or any intermediate step. This allows ICC profiles to be used in new ways for a variety of applications. An open source CMM implementing this mode is also introduced. Background One of the main components of a color management system is the Color Matching Method, (CMM), which is the software engine in charge of controlling the color transformations that take place inside the system. By today, the vast majority of color management Figure 2. KODAK VISION2 500T Color Negative Film 5218 / 7218 systems do use International Color Consortium (ICC) profiles. This addendum, however, introduced another improvement ICC color management is based on device characterization perhaps not so evident but equally important. Floating point profiles. Color transformations can be obtained by linking those encoding has a huge domain, which is nearly infinite, much larger profiles.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluating Gamut Coverage Metrics for ICC Color Profiles
    International Journal of Chaotic Computing (IJCC), Volume 4, Issue 2, December 2016 Evaluating Gamut Coverage Metrics for ICC Color Profiles Radu Velea1, Noel Gordon2 1Technical Military Academy of Bucharest, Romania 2Google Inc Abstract The color handling characteristics of computer the input media. The objective is to maintain color monitors and other display devices can significantly accuracy across heterogeneous displays. alter the way an image is perceived by the human eye. Modern cameras and software applications can create vibrant color scenes, and can specify the color range (or gamut) of the scene with an embedded ICC profile [1]. During presentation, differences in the color gamut of the image and the display device require color management to help preserve the color Figure 1. ICC v2 color profile transform. fidelity of the image when shown on different displays. Measurements of the color characteristics However, since gamut is a physical device of display devices is thus a topic of interest. This property, if an input color can not be physically paper evaluates the ability of gamut measures, reproduced by the destination gamut, unavoidable including those commonly used in industry, to color distortion results [2], which may be perceived classify display gamuts using a user-contributed by users. It is therefore important to know (a priori, dataset of ICC display color profiles, and if possible) the end-user viewing conditions in which recommends the use of relative metrics for gamut the input media will be displayed. comparison tasks. Motivation- Gamut classification of display 1. Introduction profiles can yield valuable information on the way color is perceived in end-user systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Khronos Data Format Specification
    Khronos Data Format Specification Andrew Garrard Version 1.2, Revision 1 2019-03-31 1 / 207 Khronos Data Format Specification License Information Copyright (C) 2014-2019 The Khronos Group Inc. All Rights Reserved. This specification is protected by copyright laws and contains material proprietary to the Khronos Group, Inc. It or any components may not be reproduced, republished, distributed, transmitted, displayed, broadcast, or otherwise exploited in any manner without the express prior written permission of Khronos Group. You may use this specification for implementing the functionality therein, without altering or removing any trademark, copyright or other notice from the specification, but the receipt or possession of this specification does not convey any rights to reproduce, disclose, or distribute its contents, or to manufacture, use, or sell anything that it may describe, in whole or in part. This version of the Data Format Specification is published and copyrighted by Khronos, but is not a Khronos ratified specification. Accordingly, it does not fall within the scope of the Khronos IP policy, except to the extent that sections of it are normatively referenced in ratified Khronos specifications. Such references incorporate the referenced sections into the ratified specifications, and bring those sections into the scope of the policy for those specifications. Khronos Group grants express permission to any current Promoter, Contributor or Adopter member of Khronos to copy and redistribute UNMODIFIED versions of this specification in any fashion, provided that NO CHARGE is made for the specification and the latest available update of the specification for any version of the API is used whenever possible.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Use the Engine in Your Applications 2.12
    How to use the engine in your applications 2.12 https://www.littlecms.com Copyright © 2020 Marti Maria Saguer, all rights reserved. Introduction 2 Table of Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 4 Documentation ............................................................................................................... 5 Requeriments ................................................................................................................. 6 Include files .................................................................................................................... 6 Basic Concepts .............................................................................................................. 7 Source code conventions ............................................................................................... 7 The const keyword ......................................................................................................... 7 The register keyword ...................................................................................................... 7 Basic Types.................................................................................................................... 8 Step-by-step Example ........................................................................................................ 9 Open the profiles .........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ecma TC46 Issues List
    Ecma TC46 Issues List February 2008 A B C D E F Reference (major) Reference Issue Type Comment Status Change (clause) (Editorial/ Applied Technical/ Other 1 Editorial Throughout Technical Change ―may‖ to ―can‖ or ―might‖, as appropriate. ―may‖ is a particularly problematic term when used in the negative. Of course, if the use of "may" is intended to be Accepted WD1.1 normative, "COULD" or "SHOULD" should be used instead. 2 Editorial Throughout Editorial Various on-going editorial tasks: Add non-breaking spaces, as appropriate, so that certain line breaks look better. Add forward references, as appropriate. 3 Editorial Throughout Editorial Mark all defining entries in the cross-reference index so they appear in bold in the index. 4 Normative References & Throughout Editorial Check all RFCs and other specs referenced in the text to see if they are in the normative references list or bibliography, as appropriate. Accepted WD1.1 Bibliography 5 Normative References & Electronic annexes Editorial Add text mentioning the electronic versions of schemas and their normative status. Accepted WD1.1 Bibliography 6 Editorial Throughout Editorial Consider replacing cross-references of the form ‗see §s, ―xxx,‖ on page pp‘ with ‗see §s‘. Page number references are not really relevant in an electronic document, and it's not Accepted WD1.1 clear that having the clause name as well as number is useful. 7 Normative References & Draft 1.0.1, 9.3 Technical Resolve references to .NET and Windows Presentation Foundation. Bibliography 8 Colour Draft 1.0.1, 15.1.8-Technical Decide what, if anything, to do about private Microsoft ICC and ―MS00‖ signature.
    [Show full text]
  • Painting with Light: a Technical Overview of Implementing HDR Support in Krita
    Painting with Light: A Technical Overview of Implementing HDR Support in Krita Executive Summary Krita, a leading open source application for artists, has become one of the first digital painting software to achieve true high dynamic range (HDR) capability. With more than two million downloads per year, the program enables users to create and manipulate illustrations, concept art, comics, matte paintings, game art, and more. With HDR, Krita now opens the door for professionals and amateurs to a vastly extended range of colors and luminance. The pioneering approach of the Krita team can be leveraged by developers to add HDR to other applications. Krita and Intel engineers have also worked together to enhance Krita performance through Intel® multithreading technology, while Intel’s built-in support of HDR provides further acceleration. This white paper gives a high-level description of the development process to equip Krita with HDR. A Revolution in the Display of Color and Brightness Before the arrival of HDR, displays were calibrated to comply with the D65 standard of whiteness, corresponding to average midday light in Western and Northern Europe. Possibilities of storing color, contrast, or other information about each pixel were limited. Encoding was limited to a depth of 8 bits; some laptop screens only handled 6 bits per pixel. By comparison, HDR standards typically define 10 bits per pixel, with some rising to 16. This extra capacity for storing information allows HDR displays to go beyond the basic sRGB color space used previously and display the colors of Recommendation ITU-R BT.2020 (Rec. 2020, also known as BT.2020).
    [Show full text]
  • Specification ICC.1:2004-10 (Profile Version 4.2.0.0)
    ICC.1:2004-10 International Color Consortium® Specification ICC.1:2004-10 (Profile version 4.2.0.0) Image technology colour management — Architecture, profile format, and data structure [REVISION of ICC.1:2003-09] With errata incorporated, 5/22/2006 © ICC 2004 – All rights reserved i ICC.1:2004-10 Copyright notice Copyright © 2004 International Color Consortium® Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this Specification (the “Specifi- cation”) to exploit the Specification without restriction including, without limitation, the rights to use, copy, mod- ify, merge, publish, distribute, and/or sublicense, copies of the Specification, and to permit persons to whom the Specification is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: Elements of this Specification may be the subject of intellectual property rights of third parties throughout the world including, without limitation, patents, patent application, utility, models, copyrights, trade secrets or other proprietary rights (“Third Party IP Rights”). Although no Third Party IP Rights have been brought to the atten- tion of the International Color Consortium (the “ICC”) by its members, or as a result of the publication of this Specification in certain trade journals, the ICC has not conducted any independent investigation regarding the existence of Third Party IP Rights. The ICC shall not be held responsible for identifying Third Party IP Rights that may be implicated by the practice of this Specification or the permissions granted above, for conducting inquiries into the applicability, existence, validity, or scope of any Third Party IP Rights that are brought to the ICC’s attention, or for obtaining licensing assurances with respect to any Third Party IP Rights.
    [Show full text]
  • Working with Wide Color Gamut in Final Cut Pro X New Workflows for Editing
    Working with Wide Color Gamut in Final Cut Pro X New Workflows for Editing White Paper October 2016 Contents Page 3 Introduction Page 4 Background Page 6 Sources of Wide-Gamut Video Page 7 Wide Color Gamut in Final Cut Pro X Setting Up Rec. 2020 in Final Cut Pro Changing a Project’s Color Space Exporting a Wide-Gamut Project About Displays and ColorSync Monitoring a Wide-Gamut Project Page 12 Delivery to Multiple Color Spaces Matching colors in Rec. 2020 and Rec. 709 masters Preparing for Export Page 14 Key Takeaways Page 15 Conclusion Working with Wide Color Gamut in Final Cut Pro X | October 2016 2 Introduction In 2015, Apple began introducing devices that record and display more colors than ever before. Final Cut Pro X 10.3 supports not only these new cameras and displays, but also a new industry standard that delivers more colorful photo and video content across a wide range of professional devices. This white paper discusses the concepts behind these new capabilities, and describes recommended workflows. Working with Wide Color Gamut in Final Cut Pro X | October 2016 3 Background Since the introduction of high-definition television in the 1990s, HDTV displays have been limited to a standard range of colors defined by an industry specification for HDTV broadcasts called Rec. 709 (ITU-R Recommendation BT.709). This range of colors, or color gamut, is a subset of all the colors visible to the human eye. The Rec. 709 color gamut was based on the color characteristics of cathode-ray tube (CRT) displays in use around 1990.
    [Show full text]
  • Optimized RGB for Image Data Encoding
    Journal of Imaging Science and Technology® 50(2): 125–138, 2006. © Society for Imaging Science and Technology 2006 Optimized RGB for Image Data Encoding Beat Münch and Úlfar Steingrímsson Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Testing and Research (EMPA), Dübendorf, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] Indeed, image data originating from digital cameras and Abstract. The present paper discusses the subject of an RGB op- scanners are highly device dependent, and the same variabil- timization for color data coding. The current RGB situation is ana- lyzed and those requirements selected which exclusively address ity exists for image reproducing devices such as monitors the data encoding, while disregarding any application or workflow and printers. Figure 1 shows the locations of the primaries related objectives. In this context, the limitation to the RGB triangle for a few important RGB color spaces, revealing a manifold of color saturation, and the discretization due to the restricted reso- lution of 8 bits per channel are identified as the essential drawbacks variety. The respective specifications for the primaries, white of most of today’s RGB data definitions. Specific validation metrics points and gamma values are given in Table I. are proposed for assessing the codable color volume while at the In practice, the problem of RGB misinterpretation has same time considering the discretization loss due to the limited bit resolution. Based on those measures it becomes evident that the been approached by either providing an ICC profile or by idea of the recently promoted e-sRGB definition holds the potential assuming sRGB if no ICC profile is present.
    [Show full text]