NEC Multisync® PA311D Wide Gamut Color Critical Display Designed for Photography and Video Production
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COLOR SPACE MODELS for VIDEO and CHROMA SUBSAMPLING
COLOR SPACE MODELS for VIDEO and CHROMA SUBSAMPLING Color space A color model is an abstract mathematical model describing the way colors can be represented as tuples of numbers, typically as three or four values or color components (e.g. RGB and CMYK are color models). However, a color model with no associated mapping function to an absolute color space is a more or less arbitrary color system with little connection to the requirements of any given application. Adding a certain mapping function between the color model and a certain reference color space results in a definite "footprint" within the reference color space. This "footprint" is known as a gamut, and, in combination with the color model, defines a new color space. For example, Adobe RGB and sRGB are two different absolute color spaces, both based on the RGB model. In the most generic sense of the definition above, color spaces can be defined without the use of a color model. These spaces, such as Pantone, are in effect a given set of names or numbers which are defined by the existence of a corresponding set of physical color swatches. This article focuses on the mathematical model concept. Understanding the concept Most people have heard that a wide range of colors can be created by the primary colors red, blue, and yellow, if working with paints. Those colors then define a color space. We can specify the amount of red color as the X axis, the amount of blue as the Y axis, and the amount of yellow as the Z axis, giving us a three-dimensional space, wherein every possible color has a unique position. -
Cielab Color Space
Gernot Hoffmann CIELab Color Space Contents . Introduction 2 2. Formulas 4 3. Primaries and Matrices 0 4. Gamut Restrictions and Tests 5. Inverse Gamma Correction 2 6. CIE L*=50 3 7. NTSC L*=50 4 8. sRGB L*=/0/.../90/99 5 9. AdobeRGB L*=0/.../90 26 0. ProPhotoRGB L*=0/.../90 35 . 3D Views 44 2. Linear and Standard Nonlinear CIELab 47 3. Human Gamut in CIELab 48 4. Low Chromaticity 49 5. sRGB L*=50 with RGB Numbers 50 6. PostScript Kernels 5 7. Mapping CIELab to xyY 56 8. Number of Different Colors 59 9. HLS-Hue for sRGB in CIELab 60 20. References 62 1.1 Introduction CIE XYZ is an absolute color space (not device dependent). Each visible color has non-negative coordinates X,Y,Z. CIE xyY, the horseshoe diagram as shown below, is a perspective projection of XYZ coordinates onto a plane xy. The luminance is missing. CIELab is a nonlinear transformation of XYZ into coordinates L*,a*,b*. The gamut for any RGB color system is a triangle in the CIE xyY chromaticity diagram, here shown for the CIE primaries, the NTSC primaries, the Rec.709 primaries (which are also valid for sRGB and therefore for many PC monitors) and the non-physical working space ProPhotoRGB. The white points are individually defined for the color spaces. The CIELab color space was intended for equal perceptual differences for equal chan- ges in the coordinates L*,a* and b*. Color differences deltaE are defined as Euclidian distances in CIELab. This document shows color charts in CIELab for several RGB color spaces. -
Expanded Gamut Shoot-Out: Real Systems, Real Results
Expanded Gamut Shoot-Out: Real Systems, Real Results Abhay Sharma Click toRyerson edit Master University, subtitle Toronto style Advisors Roger Breton, Marc Levine, John Seymour, Bill Pope Comprehensive Report – 450+ downloads tinyurl.com/ExpandedGamut Agenda – Expanded Gamut § Why do we need Expanded Gamut? § What is Expanded Gamut? (CMYK-OGV) § Use cases – Spot Colors vs Images PANTONE 109 C § Printing Spot Colors with Kodak Spotless (KSS) § Increased Accuracy § Using only 3 inks § Print all spot colors, without spot color inks § How do I implement EG? § Issues with Adobe and Pantone § Flexo testing in 2020 Vendors and Participants Software Solutions 1. Alwan – Toolbox, ColorHub 2. CGS ORIS – X GAMUT 3. ColorLogic – ColorAnt, CoPrA, ZePrA 4. GMG Color – OpenColor, ColorServer 5. Heidelberg – Prinect ColorToolbox 6. Kodak – Kodak Spotless Software, Prinergy PDF Editor § Hybrid Software - PACKZ (pronounced “packs”) RIP/DFE § efi Fiery XF (Command WorkStation) – Epson P9000 § SmartStream Production Pro – HP Indigo 7900 Color Management Solutions § X-Rite i1Profiler Expanded Gamut Tools § PANTONE Color Manager, Adobe Acrobat Pro, Adobe Photoshop Why do we need Expanded Gamut? - because imaging systems are imperfect Printing inks and dyes CMYK color gamut is small Color negative film What are the Use Cases for Expanded Gamut? ✓ 1. Spot Colors 2. Images PANTONE 301 C PANTONE 109 C Expanded gamut is most urgently needed in spot color reproduction for labels and package printing. Orange, Green, Violet - expands the colorspace Y G O C+Y M+Y -
Harlequin RIP OEM Manual
0RIPMate for Windows operating systems Harlequin PLUS Server RIP v9.0 June 2011 AG12325 Rev. 13 Copyright and Trademarks Harlequin PLUS Server RIP June 2011 Part number: HK‚9.0‚ÄìOEM‚ÄìWIN Document issue: 106 Copyright ¬© 2011 Global Graphics Software Ltd. All rights reserved. Certificate of Computer Registration of Computer Software. Registration No. 2006SR05517 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, elec- tronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Global Graphics Software Ltd. The information in this publication is provided for information only and is subject to change without notice. Global Graphics Software Ltd and its affiliates assume no responsibility or liability for any loss or damage that may arise from the use of any information in this publication. The software described in this book is furnished under license and may only be used or cop- ied in accordance with the terms of that license. Harlequin is a registered trademark of Global Graphics Software Ltd. The Global Graphics Software logo, the Harlequin at Heart Logo, Cortex, Harlequin RIP, Harlequin ColorPro, EasyTrap, FireWorks, FlatOut, Harlequin Color Management System (HCMS), Harlequin Color Production Solutions (HCPS), Harlequin Color Proofing (HCP), Harlequin Error Diffusion Screening Plugin 1-bit (HEDS1), Harlequin Error Diffusion Screening Plugin 2-bit (HEDS2), Harlequin Full Color System (HFCS), Harlequin ICC Profile Processor (HIPP), Harlequin Standard Color System (HSCS), Harlequin Chain Screening (HCS), Harlequin Display List Technology (HDLT), Harlequin Dispersed Screening (HDS), Harlequin Micro Screening (HMS), Harlequin Precision Screening (HPS), HQcrypt, Harlequin Screening Library (HSL), ProofReady, Scalable Open Architecture (SOAR), SetGold, SetGoldPro, TrapMaster, TrapWorks, TrapPro, TrapProLite, Harlequin RIP Eclipse Release and Harlequin RIP Genesis Release are all trademarks of Global Graphics Software Ltd. -
Accurately Reproducing Pantone Colors on Digital Presses
Accurately Reproducing Pantone Colors on Digital Presses By Anne Howard Graphic Communication Department College of Liberal Arts California Polytechnic State University June 2012 Abstract Anne Howard Graphic Communication Department, June 2012 Advisor: Dr. Xiaoying Rong The purpose of this study was to find out how accurately digital presses reproduce Pantone spot colors. The Pantone Matching System is a printing industry standard for spot colors. Because digital printing is becoming more popular, this study was intended to help designers decide on whether they should print Pantone colors on digital presses and expect to see similar colors on paper as they do on a computer monitor. This study investigated how a Xerox DocuColor 2060, Ricoh Pro C900s, and a Konica Minolta bizhub Press C8000 with default settings could print 45 Pantone colors from the Uncoated Solid color book with only the use of cyan, magenta, yellow and black toner. After creating a profile with a GRACoL target sheet, the 45 colors were printed again, measured and compared to the original Pantone Swatch book. Results from this study showed that the profile helped correct the DocuColor color output, however, the Konica Minolta and Ricoh color outputs generally produced the same as they did without the profile. The Konica Minolta and Ricoh have much newer versions of the EFI Fiery RIPs than the DocuColor so they are more likely to interpret Pantone colors the same way as when a profile is used. If printers are using newer presses, they should expect to see consistent color output of Pantone colors with or without profiles when using default settings. -
Xilinx PG014 Logicore IP Ycrcb to RGB Color-Space Converter V6.00.A, Product Guide
LogiCORE IP YCrCb to RGB Color-Space Converter v6.00.a Product Guide PG014 July 25, 2012 Table of Contents SECTION I: SUMMARY IP Facts Chapter 1: Overview Feature Summary. 8 Applications . 9 Licensing and Ordering Information. 9 Chapter 2: Product Specification Standards Compliance . 10 Performance. 10 Resource Utilization. 11 Core Interfaces and Register Space . 13 Chapter 3: Designing with the Core General Design Guidelines . 27 Color-Space Conversion Background . 28 Clock, Enable, and Reset Considerations . 34 System Considerations . 36 Chapter 4: C Model Reference Installation and Directory Structure . 38 Using the C-Model . 40 Input and Output Video Structures . 42 Initializing the Input Video Structure . 43 Compiling with the YCrCb to RGB C-Model . 46 YCrCb to RGB Color-Space Converter v6.00.a www.xilinx.com 2 PG014 July 25, 2012 SECTION II: VIVADO DESIGN SUITE Chapter 5: Customizing and Generating the Core Graphical User Interface . 49 Output Generation. 53 Chapter 6: Constraining the Core Required Constraints . 54 Device, Package, and Speed Grade Selections. 54 Clock Frequencies . 54 Clock Management . 54 Clock Placement. 54 Banking . 55 Transceiver Placement . 55 I/O Standard and Placement. 55 SECTION III: ISE DESIGN SUITE Chapter 7: Customizing and Generating the Core Graphical User Interface . 57 Parameter Values in the XCO File . 61 Output Generation. 62 Chapter 8: Constraining the Core Required Constraints . 63 Device, Package, and Speed Grade Selections. 63 Clock Frequencies . 63 Clock Management . 63 Clock Placement. 63 Banking . 64 Transceiver Placement . 64 I/O Standard and Placement. 64 Chapter 9: Detailed Example Design Demonstration Test Bench . 65 Test Bench Structure . -
Unbounded Color Engines
Unbounded Color Engines Marti Maria; Little CMS; Palamós; Catalonia, Spain Abstract the spec, ICC profiles are no longer limited to 8 or 16 bit, but to A Color Matching Method (CMM), also called a Color the broad range of 32-bit IEEE 754 floating point. That was a huge Engine, is a software component that does the color conversion improvement when regarding precision and dynamic range, which calculations from one device's color space to another. This paper is now only limited by floating point representation and can take as 39 discuses a new working mode for CMMs that allows such software much as 10 components to operate in a way that is not restricted by the gamut of the device encoding, the gamut of the profile connection space or any intermediate step. This allows ICC profiles to be used in new ways for a variety of applications. An open source CMM implementing this mode is also introduced. Background One of the main components of a color management system is the Color Matching Method, (CMM), which is the software engine in charge of controlling the color transformations that take place inside the system. By today, the vast majority of color management Figure 2. KODAK VISION2 500T Color Negative Film 5218 / 7218 systems do use International Color Consortium (ICC) profiles. This addendum, however, introduced another improvement ICC color management is based on device characterization perhaps not so evident but equally important. Floating point profiles. Color transformations can be obtained by linking those encoding has a huge domain, which is nearly infinite, much larger profiles. -
Evaluating Gamut Coverage Metrics for ICC Color Profiles
International Journal of Chaotic Computing (IJCC), Volume 4, Issue 2, December 2016 Evaluating Gamut Coverage Metrics for ICC Color Profiles Radu Velea1, Noel Gordon2 1Technical Military Academy of Bucharest, Romania 2Google Inc Abstract The color handling characteristics of computer the input media. The objective is to maintain color monitors and other display devices can significantly accuracy across heterogeneous displays. alter the way an image is perceived by the human eye. Modern cameras and software applications can create vibrant color scenes, and can specify the color range (or gamut) of the scene with an embedded ICC profile [1]. During presentation, differences in the color gamut of the image and the display device require color management to help preserve the color Figure 1. ICC v2 color profile transform. fidelity of the image when shown on different displays. Measurements of the color characteristics However, since gamut is a physical device of display devices is thus a topic of interest. This property, if an input color can not be physically paper evaluates the ability of gamut measures, reproduced by the destination gamut, unavoidable including those commonly used in industry, to color distortion results [2], which may be perceived classify display gamuts using a user-contributed by users. It is therefore important to know (a priori, dataset of ICC display color profiles, and if possible) the end-user viewing conditions in which recommends the use of relative metrics for gamut the input media will be displayed. comparison tasks. Motivation- Gamut classification of display 1. Introduction profiles can yield valuable information on the way color is perceived in end-user systems. -
The Printer's Guide to Expanded Gamut
DISTRIBUTED BY TECHKON USA February 2017 THE PRINTER’S GUIDE TO EXPANDED GAMUT Understanding the technology landscape and implementation approach By Ron Ellis Printer’s Guide to Expanded Gamut Page | 1 Printer’s Guide to Expanded Gamut Whitepaper By Ron Ellis Table of Contents What is Expanded Gamut ............................................................................................................... 4 ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Why Expanded Gamut .................................................................................................................... 6 The Current Expanded Gamut Landscape ...................................................................................... 9 Standardization and Expanded Gamut ......................................................................................... 10 Methods of Producing Expanded Gamut...................................................................................... 11 Techkon and Expanded Gamut ..................................................................................................... 11 CMYK expanded gamut ................................................................................................................. 12 The CMYK Expanded Gamut Workflow ........................................................................................ 16 Conversion from source to CMYK Expanded gamut .................................................................... -
Computational RYB Color Model and Its Applications
IIEEJ Transactions on Image Electronics and Visual Computing Vol.5 No.2 (2017) -- Special Issue on Application-Based Image Processing Technologies -- Computational RYB Color Model and its Applications Junichi SUGITA† (Member), Tokiichiro TAKAHASHI†† (Member) †Tokyo Healthcare University, ††Tokyo Denki University/UEI Research <Summary> The red-yellow-blue (RYB) color model is a subtractive model based on pigment color mixing and is widely used in art education. In the RYB color model, red, yellow, and blue are defined as the primary colors. In this study, we apply this model to computers by formulating a conversion between the red-green-blue (RGB) and RYB color spaces. In addition, we present a class of compositing methods in the RYB color space. Moreover, we prescribe the appropriate uses of these compo- siting methods in different situations. By using RYB color compositing, paint-like compositing can be easily achieved. We also verified the effectiveness of our proposed method by using several experiments and demonstrated its application on the basis of RYB color compositing. Keywords: RYB, RGB, CMY(K), color model, color space, color compositing man perception system and computer displays, most com- 1. Introduction puter applications use the red-green-blue (RGB) color mod- Most people have had the experience of creating an arbi- el3); however, this model is not comprehensible for many trary color by mixing different color pigments on a palette or people who not trained in the RGB color model because of a canvas. The red-yellow-blue (RYB) color model proposed its use of additive color mixing. As shown in Fig. -
How to Use the Engine in Your Applications 2.12
How to use the engine in your applications 2.12 https://www.littlecms.com Copyright © 2020 Marti Maria Saguer, all rights reserved. Introduction 2 Table of Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 4 Documentation ............................................................................................................... 5 Requeriments ................................................................................................................. 6 Include files .................................................................................................................... 6 Basic Concepts .............................................................................................................. 7 Source code conventions ............................................................................................... 7 The const keyword ......................................................................................................... 7 The register keyword ...................................................................................................... 7 Basic Types.................................................................................................................... 8 Step-by-step Example ........................................................................................................ 9 Open the profiles ......................................................................................................... -
Monitor Color Gamut What Does “Percent of NTSC” Mean?
Technical white paper Monitor color gamut What does “percent of NTSC” mean? What is color gamut? With rare exceptions, all LCD monitors operate by presenting just three primary colors to the eye: red, green and blue. All the colors you can see on the monitor are actually different blends of the three primaries. This works because of the way the human eye works. The complete set of colors that a monitor can present is called the “native color gamut”, and is determined by the exact colors of the three primaries. Different monitors have slight (or not so slight) differences in the three primaries. These differences are a consequence of the technologies used in the LCD panel and the backlight, and sometimes of the age of the unit. There are two diagrams commonly used for representing how color gamuts relate to the set of all colors visible to the human eye. These are called “chromaticity” diagrams. The first (left), which is commonly used, is the “CIE 1931” diagram, which uses the coordinates x and y. The second diagram (right), which is newer (and, actually, a better representation of how we perceive color) is the “CIE 1976 UCS” diagram, which uses the coordinates u’ and v’ (called “u prime” and “v prime”). Any three-primary color gamut for a monitor can be plotted on these diagrams as a triangle of which the vertices are the exact colors of the red, green and blue primaries. The NTSC color space There are many standard three-primary color spaces used in the industry. The NTSC color space, defined in 1953, is, however, not commonly used, as no displays at the time had primaries which matched it.