DOCSLIB.ORG

Khronos Data Format Specification

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Khronos Data Format Specification Khronos Data Format Specification Andrew Garrard Version 1.2, Revision 1 2019-03-31 1 / 207 Khronos Data Format Specification License Information Copyright (C) 2014-2019 The Khronos Group Inc. All Rights Reserved. This specification is protected by copyright laws and contains material proprietary to the Khronos Group, Inc. It or any components may not be reproduced, republished, distributed, transmitted, displayed, broadcast, or otherwise exploited in any manner without the express prior written permission of Khronos Group. You may use this specification for implementing the functionality therein, without altering or removing any trademark, copyright or other notice from the specification, but the receipt or possession of this specification does not convey any rights to reproduce, disclose, or distribute its contents, or to manufacture, use, or sell anything that it may describe, in whole or in part. This version of the Data Format Specification is published and copyrighted by Khronos, but is not a Khronos ratified specification. Accordingly, it does not fall within the scope of the Khronos IP policy, except to the extent that sections of it are normatively referenced in ratified Khronos specifications. Such references incorporate the referenced sections into the ratified specifications, and bring those sections into the scope of the policy for those specifications. Khronos Group grants express permission to any current Promoter, Contributor or Adopter member of Khronos to copy and redistribute UNMODIFIED versions of this specification in any fashion, provided that NO CHARGE is made for the specification and the latest available update of the specification for any version of the API is used whenever possible. Such distributed specification may be reformatted AS LONG AS the contents of the specification are not changed in any way. The specification may be incorporated into a product that is sold as long as such product includes significant independent work developed by the seller. A link to the current version of this specification on the Khronos Group website should be included whenever possible with specification distributions. Khronos Group makes no, and expressly disclaims any, representations or warranties, express or implied, regarding this specification, including, without limitation, any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose or non-infringement of any intellectual property. Khronos Group makes no, and expressly disclaims any, warranties, express or implied, regarding the correctness, accuracy, completeness, timeliness, and reliability of the specification. Under no circumstances will the Khronos Group, or any of its Promoters, Contributors or Members or their respective partners, officers, directors, employees, agents, or representatives be liable for any damages, whether direct, indirect, special or consequential damages for lost revenues, lost profits, or otherwise, arising from or in connection with these materials. Khronos, SYCL, SPIR, WebGL, EGL, COLLADA, StreamInput, OpenVX, OpenKCam, glTF, OpenKODE, OpenVG, OpenWF, OpenSL ES, OpenMAX, OpenMAX AL, OpenMAX IL and OpenMAX DL are trademarks and WebCL is a certification mark of the Khronos Group Inc. OpenCL is a trademark of Apple Inc. and OpenGL and OpenML are registered trademarks and the OpenGL ES and OpenGL SC logos are trademarks of Silicon Graphics International used under license by Khronos. All other product names, trademarks, and/or company names are used solely for identification and belong to their respective owners. 2 / 207 Revision number Date Release Info Author 0.1 Jan 2015 Initial sharing AG 0.2 Feb 2015 Added clarification, tables, examples AG 0.3 Feb 2015 Further cleanup AG 0.4 Apr 2015 Channel ordering standardized AG 0.5 Apr 2015 Typos and clarification AG 1.0 May 2015 Submission for 1.0 release AG 1.0 rev 2 Jun 2015 Clarifications for 1.0 release AG 1.0 rev 3 Jul 2015 Added KHR_DF_SAMPLE_DATATYPE_LINEAR AG 1.0 rev 4 Jul 2015 Clarified KHR_DF_SAMPLE_DATATYPE_LINEAR AG 1.0 rev 5 Mar 2019 Clarification and typography AG 1.1 Nov 2015 Added definitions of compressed texture formats AG 1.1 rev 2 Jan 2016 Added definitions of floating point formats AG 1.1 rev 3 Feb 2016 Fixed typo in sRGB conversion (thank you, Tom Grim!) AG 1.1 rev 4 Mar 2016 Fixed typo/clarified sRGB in ASTC, typographical improvements AG 1.1 rev 5 Mar 2016 Switch to official Khronos logo, removed scripts, restored title AG 1.1 rev 6 Jun 2016 ASTC "block footprint" note, fixed credits/changelog/contents AG 1.1 rev 7 Sep 2016 ASTC multi-point "part" and quint decode typo fixes AG 1.1 rev 8 Jun 2017 ETC2 legibility and table typo fix AG 1.1 rev 9 Mar 2019 Typo fixes and much reformatting AG 1.2 rev 0 Sep 2017 Added color conversion formulae and extra options AG 1.2 rev 1 Mar 2019 Typo fixes and much reformatting AG 3 / 207 Contents 1 Introduction 3 2 Overview 4 2.1 Glossary . .5 3 Required concepts not in the “format”8 4 Translation to API-specific representations 10 5 Data format descriptor 11 6 Descriptor block 12 7 Khronos Basic Data Format Descriptor Block 14 7.1 vendorId ................................................... 15 7.2 descriptorType ................................................ 15 7.3 versionNumber ............................................... 15 7.4 descriptorBlockSize ............................................. 15 7.5 colorModel ................................................. 16 7.5.1 KHR_DF_MODEL_UNSPECIFIED (=0) ............................ 16 7.5.2 KHR_DF_MODEL_RGBSDA (=1) ................................ 16 7.5.3 KHR_DF_MODEL_YUVSDA (=2) ................................ 17 7.5.4 KHR_DF_MODEL_YIQSDA (=3) ................................ 17 7.5.5 KHR_DF_MODEL_LABSDA (=4) ................................ 18 7.5.6 KHR_DF_MODEL_CMYKA (=5) ................................. 18 7.5.7 KHR_DF_MODEL_XYZW (=6).................................. 18 7.5.8 KHR_DF_MODEL_HSVA_ANG (=7)............................... 19 7.5.9 KHR_DF_MODEL_HSLA_ANG (=8)............................... 19 7.5.10 KHR_DF_MODEL_HSVA_HEX (=9)............................... 20 7.5.11 KHR_DF_MODEL_HSLA_HEX (= 10) . 20 7.5.12 KHR_DF_MODEL_YCGCOA (= 11) . 20 7.5.13 KHR_DF_MODEL_YCCBCCRC (= 12) . 21 7.5.14 KHR_DF_MODEL_ICTCP (= 13) . 21 7.5.15 KHR_DF_MODEL_CIEXYZ (= 14) . 22 7.5.16 KHR_DF_MODEL_CIEXYY (= 15) . 22 7.6 colorModel for compressed formats . 23 7.6.1 KHR_DF_MODEL_DXT1A/KHR_DF_MODEL_BC1A (= 128) . 23 7.6.2 KHR_DF_MODEL_DXT2/3/KHR_DF_MODEL_BC2 (= 129) . 23 7.6.3 KHR_DF_MODEL_DXT4/5/KHR_DF_MODEL_BC3 (= 130) . 23 7.6.4 KHR_DF_MODEL_BC4 (= 131) . 23 4 / 207 7.6.5 KHR_DF_MODEL_BC5 (= 132) . 23 7.6.6 KHR_DF_MODEL_BC6H (= 133) . 23 7.6.7 KHR_DF_MODEL_BC7 (= 134) . 24 7.6.8 KHR_DF_MODEL_ETC1 (= 160) . 24 7.6.9 KHR_DF_MODEL_ETC2 (= 161) . 24 7.6.10 KHR_DF_MODEL_ASTC (= 162) . 24 7.7 colorPrimaries ................................................ 25 7.7.1 KHR_DF_PRIMARIES_UNSPECIFIED (= 0) . 25 7.7.2 KHR_DF_PRIMARIES_BT709 (=1).............................. 25 7.7.3 KHR_DF_PRIMARIES_BT601_EBU (=2)........................... 25 7.7.4 KHR_DF_PRIMARIES_BT601_SMPTE (= 3) . 25 7.7.5 KHR_DF_PRIMARIES_BT2020 (=4) ............................. 25 7.7.6 KHR_DF_PRIMARIES_CIEXYZ (=5) ............................. 25 7.7.7 KHR_DF_PRIMARIES_ACES (=6)............................... 26 7.7.8 KHR_DF_PRIMARIES_ACESCC (=7) ............................. 26 7.7.9 KHR_DF_PRIMARIES_NTSC1953 (=8)............................ 26 7.7.10 KHR_DF_PRIMARIES_PAL525 (=9) ............................. 26 7.7.11 KHR_DF_PRIMARIES_DISPLAYP3 (= 10) . 26 7.7.12 KHR_DF_PRIMARIES_ADOBERGB (= 11) . 26 7.8 transferFunction .............................................. 27 7.8.1 KHR_DF_TRANSFER_UNSPECIFIED (= 0) . 27 7.8.2 KHR_DF_TRANSFER_LINEAR (=1).............................. 27 7.8.3 KHR_DF_TRANSFER_SRGB (=2)................................ 27 7.8.4 KHR_DF_TRANSFER_ITU (=3) ................................ 27 7.8.5 KHR_DF_TRANSFER_NTSC (=4)................................ 27 7.8.6 KHR_DF_TRANSFER_SLOG (=5)................................ 28 7.8.7 KHR_DF_TRANSFER_SLOG2 (=6)............................... 28 7.8.8 KHR_DF_TRANSFER_BT1886 (=7).............................. 28 7.8.9 KHR_DF_TRANSFER_HLG_OETF (=8) ............................ 28 7.8.10 KHR_DF_TRANSFER_HLG_EOTF (=9) ............................ 28 7.8.11 KHR_DF_TRANSFER_PQ_EOTF (= 10) . 28 7.8.12 KHR_DF_TRANSFER_PQ_OETF (= 11) . 28 7.8.13 KHR_DF_TRANSFER_DCIP3 (= 12) . 28 7.8.14 KHR_DF_TRANSFER_PAL_OETF (= 13) . 28 7.8.15 KHR_DF_TRANSFER_PAL625_EOTF (= 14) . 28 7.8.16 KHR_DF_TRANSFER_ST240 (= 15) . 28 7.8.17 KHR_DF_TRANSFER_ACESCC (= 16) . 29 7.8.18 KHR_DF_TRANSFER_ACESCCT (= 17) . 29 7.8.19 KHR_DF_TRANSFER_ADOBERGB (= 18) . 29 7.9 flags ..................................................... 29 7.9.1 KHR_DF_FLAG_ALPHA_PREMULTIPLIED (= 1) . 29 7.10 texelBlockDimension[0..3] ......................................... 30 7.11 bytesPlane[0..7] ............................................... 31 7.12 Sample information . 32 7.12.1 bitOffset .............................................. 32 7.12.2 bitLength ............................................. 32 7.12.3 channelType ............................................ 33 7.12.4 samplePosition[0..3] ....................................... 33 7.12.5 sampleLower ........................................... 34 7.12.6 sampleUpper ........................................... 35 5 / 207 8 Extension for more complex formats 36 9 Frequently Asked Questions 38 9.1 Why have a binary format rather than a human-readable one? . 38 9.2 Why not use an existing representation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Creating 4K/UHD Content Poster
    Creating 4K/UHD Content Colorimetry Image Format / SMPTE Standards Figure A2. Using a Table B1: SMPTE Standards The television color specification is based on standards defined by the CIE (Commission 100% color bar signal Square Division separates the image into quad links for distribution. to show conversion Internationale de L’Éclairage) in 1931. The CIE specified an idealized set of primary XYZ SMPTE Standards of RGB levels from UHDTV 1: 3840x2160 (4x1920x1080) tristimulus values. This set is a group of all-positive values converted from R’G’B’ where 700 mv (100%) to ST 125 SDTV Component Video Signal Coding for 4:4:4 and 4:2:2 for 13.5 MHz and 18 MHz Systems 0mv (0%) for each ST 240 Television – 1125-Line High-Definition Production Systems – Signal Parameters Y is proportional to the luminance of the additive mix. This specification is used as the color component with a color bar split ST 259 Television – SDTV Digital Signal/Data – Serial Digital Interface basis for color within 4K/UHDTV1 that supports both ITU-R BT.709 and BT2020. 2020 field BT.2020 and ST 272 Television – Formatting AES/EBU Audio and Auxiliary Data into Digital Video Ancillary Data Space BT.709 test signal. ST 274 Television – 1920 x 1080 Image Sample Structure, Digital Representation and Digital Timing Reference Sequences for The WFM8300 was Table A1: Illuminant (Ill.) Value Multiple Picture Rates 709 configured for Source X / Y BT.709 colorimetry ST 296 1280 x 720 Progressive Image 4:2:2 and 4:4:4 Sample Structure – Analog & Digital Representation & Analog Interface as shown in the video ST 299-0/1/2 24-Bit Digital Audio Format for SMPTE Bit-Serial Interfaces at 1.5 Gb/s and 3 Gb/s – Document Suite Illuminant A: Tungsten Filament Lamp, 2854°K x = 0.4476 y = 0.4075 session display.
    [Show full text]
  • Yasser Syed & Chris Seeger Comcast/NBCU
    Usage of Video Signaling Code Points for Automating UHD and HD Production-to-Distribution Workflows Yasser Syed & Chris Seeger Comcast/NBCU Comcast TPX 1 VIPER Architecture Simpler Times - Delivering to TVs 720 1920 601 HD 486 1080 1080i 709 • SD - HD Conversions • Resolution, Standard Dynamic Range and 601/709 Color Spaces • 4:3 - 16:9 Conversions • 4:2:0 - 8-bit YUV video Comcast TPX 2 VIPER Architecture What is UHD / 4K, HFR, HDR, WCG? HIGH WIDE HIGHER HIGHER DYNAMIC RESOLUTION COLOR FRAME RATE RANGE 4K 60p GAMUT Brighter and More Colorful Darker Pixels Pixels MORE FASTER BETTER PIXELS PIXELS PIXELS ENABLED BY DOLBYVISION Comcast TPX 3 VIPER Architecture Volume of Scripted Workflows is Growing Not considering: • Live Events (news/sports) • Localized events but with wider distributions • User-generated content Comcast TPX 4 VIPER Architecture More Formats to Distribute to More Devices Standard Definition Broadcast/Cable IPTV WiFi DVDs/Files • More display devices: TVs, Tablets, Mobile Phones, Laptops • More display formats: SD, HD, HDR, 4K, 8K, 10-bit, 8-bit, 4:2:2, 4:2:0 • More distribution paths: Broadcast/Cable, IPTV, WiFi, Laptops • Integration/Compositing at receiving device Comcast TPX 5 VIPER Architecture Signal Normalization AUTOMATED LOGIC FOR CONVERSION IN • Compositing, grading, editing SDR HLG PQ depends on proper signal BT.709 BT.2100 BT.2100 normalization of all source files (i.e. - Still Graphics & Titling, Bugs, Tickers, Requires Conversion Native Lower-Thirds, weather graphics, etc.) • ALL content must be moved into a single color volume space. Normalized Compositing • Transformation from different Timeline/Switcher/Transcoder - PQ-BT.2100 colourspaces (BT.601, BT.709, BT.2020) and transfer functions (Gamma 2.4, PQ, HLG) Convert Native • Correct signaling allows automation of conversion settings.
    [Show full text]
  • How Close Is Close Enough? Specifying Colour Tolerances for Hdr and Wcg Displays
    HOW CLOSE IS CLOSE ENOUGH? SPECIFYING COLOUR TOLERANCES FOR HDR AND WCG DISPLAYS Jaclyn A. Pytlarz, Elizabeth G. Pieri Dolby Laboratories Inc., USA ABSTRACT With a new high-dynamic-range (HDR) and wide-colour-gamut (WCG) standard defined in ITU-R BT.2100 (1), display and projector manufacturers are racing to extend their visible colour gamut by brightening and widening colour primaries. The question is: how close is close enough? Having this answer is increasingly important for both consumer and professional display manufacturers who strive to balance design trade-offs. In this paper, we present “ground truth” visible colour differences from a psychophysical experiment using HDR laser cinema projectors with near BT.2100 colour primaries up to 1000 cd/m2. We present our findings, compare colour difference metrics, and propose specifying colour tolerances for HDR/WCG displays using the ΔICTCP (2) metric. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND From initial display design to consumer applications, measuring colour differences is a vital component of the imaging pipeline. Now that the industry has moved towards displays with higher dynamic range as well as wider, more saturated colours, no standardized method of measuring colour differences exists. In display calibration, aside from metamerism effects, it is crucial that the specified tolerances align with human perception. Otherwise, one of two undesirable situations might result: first, tolerances are too large and calibrated displays will not appear to visually match; second, tolerances are unnecessarily tight and the calibration process becomes uneconomic. The goal of this paper is to find a colour difference measurement metric for HDR/WCG displays that balances the two and closely aligns with human vision.
    [Show full text]
  • Khronos Data Format Specification
    Khronos Data Format Specification Andrew Garrard Version 1.3.1 2020-04-03 1 / 281 Khronos Data Format Specification License Information Copyright (C) 2014-2019 The Khronos Group Inc. All Rights Reserved. This specification is protected by copyright laws and contains material proprietary to the Khronos Group, Inc. It or any components may not be reproduced, republished, distributed, transmitted, displayed, broadcast, or otherwise exploited in any manner without the express prior written permission of Khronos Group. You may use this specification for implementing the functionality therein, without altering or removing any trademark, copyright or other notice from the specification, but the receipt or possession of this specification does not convey any rights to reproduce, disclose, or distribute its contents, or to manufacture, use, or sell anything that it may describe, in whole or in part. This version of the Data Format Specification is published and copyrighted by Khronos, but is not a Khronos ratified specification. Accordingly, it does not fall within the scope of the Khronos IP policy, except to the extent that sections of it are normatively referenced in ratified Khronos specifications. Such references incorporate the referenced sections into the ratified specifications, and bring those sections into the scope of the policy for those specifications. Khronos Group grants express permission to any current Promoter, Contributor or Adopter member of Khronos to copy and redistribute UNMODIFIED versions of this specification in any fashion, provided that NO CHARGE is made for the specification and the latest available update of the specification for any version of the API is used whenever possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Painting with Light: a Technical Overview of Implementing HDR Support in Krita
    Painting with Light: A Technical Overview of Implementing HDR Support in Krita Executive Summary Krita, a leading open source application for artists, has become one of the first digital painting software to achieve true high dynamic range (HDR) capability. With more than two million downloads per year, the program enables users to create and manipulate illustrations, concept art, comics, matte paintings, game art, and more. With HDR, Krita now opens the door for professionals and amateurs to a vastly extended range of colors and luminance. The pioneering approach of the Krita team can be leveraged by developers to add HDR to other applications. Krita and Intel engineers have also worked together to enhance Krita performance through Intel® multithreading technology, while Intel’s built-in support of HDR provides further acceleration. This white paper gives a high-level description of the development process to equip Krita with HDR. A Revolution in the Display of Color and Brightness Before the arrival of HDR, displays were calibrated to comply with the D65 standard of whiteness, corresponding to average midday light in Western and Northern Europe. Possibilities of storing color, contrast, or other information about each pixel were limited. Encoding was limited to a depth of 8 bits; some laptop screens only handled 6 bits per pixel. By comparison, HDR standards typically define 10 bits per pixel, with some rising to 16. This extra capacity for storing information allows HDR displays to go beyond the basic sRGB color space used previously and display the colors of Recommendation ITU-R BT.2020 (Rec. 2020, also known as BT.2020).
    [Show full text]
  • KONA Series Capture, Display, Convert
    KONA Series Capture, Display, Convert Installation and Operation Manual Version 16.1 Published July 14, 2021 Notices Trademarks AJA® and Because it matters.® are registered trademarks of AJA Video Systems, Inc. for use with most AJA products. AJA™ is a trademark of AJA Video Systems, Inc. for use with recorder, router, software and camera products. Because it matters.™ is a trademark of AJA Video Systems, Inc. for use with camera products. Corvid Ultra®, lo®, Ki Pro®, KONA®, KUMO®, ROI® and T-Tap® are registered trademarks of AJA Video Systems, Inc. AJA Control Room™, KiStor™, Science of the Beautiful™, TruScale™, V2Analog™ and V2Digital™ are trademarks of AJA Video Systems, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Copyright Copyright © 2021 AJA Video Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. All information in this manual is subject to change without notice. No part of the document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, without the express written permission of AJA Video Systems, Inc. Contacting AJA Support When calling for support, have all information at hand prior to calling. To contact AJA for sales or support, use any of the following methods: Telephone +1.530.271.3190 FAX +1.530.271.3140 Web https://www.aja.com Support Email [email protected] Sales Email [email protected] KONA Capture, Display, Convert v16.1 2 www.aja.com Contents Notices . .2 Trademarks . 2 Copyright . 2 Contacting AJA Support . 2 Chapter 1 – Introduction . .5 Overview. .5 KONA Models Covered in this Manual .
    [Show full text]
  • User Requirements for Video Monitors in Television Production
    TECH 3320 USER REQUIREMENTS FOR VIDEO MONITORS IN TELEVISION PRODUCTION VERSION 4.1 Geneva September 2019 This page and several other pages in the document are intentionally left blank. This document is paginated for two sided printing Tech 3320 v4.1 User requirements for Video Monitors in Television Production Conformance Notation This document contains both normative text and informative text. All text is normative except for that in the Introduction, any § explicitly labeled as ‘Informative’ or individual paragraphs which start with ‘Note:’. Normative text describes indispensable or mandatory elements. It contains the conformance keywords ‘shall’, ‘should’ or ‘may’, defined as follows: ‘Shall’ and ‘shall not’: Indicate requirements to be followed strictly and from which no deviation is permitted in order to conform to the document. ‘Should’ and ‘should not’: Indicate that, among several possibilities, one is recommended as particularly suitable, without mentioning or excluding others. OR indicate that a certain course of action is preferred but not necessarily required. OR indicate that (in the negative form) a certain possibility or course of action is deprecated but not prohibited. ‘May’ and ‘need not’: Indicate a course of action permissible within the limits of the document. Informative text is potentially helpful to the user, but it is not indispensable, and it does not affect the normative text. Informative text does not contain any conformance keywords. Unless otherwise stated, a conformant implementation is one which includes all mandatory provisions (‘shall’) and, if implemented, all recommended provisions (‘should’) as described. A conformant implementation need not implement optional provisions (‘may’) and need not implement them as described.
    [Show full text]
  • Optimized RGB for Image Data Encoding
    Journal of Imaging Science and Technology® 50(2): 125–138, 2006. © Society for Imaging Science and Technology 2006 Optimized RGB for Image Data Encoding Beat Münch and Úlfar Steingrímsson Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Testing and Research (EMPA), Dübendorf, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] Indeed, image data originating from digital cameras and Abstract. The present paper discusses the subject of an RGB op- scanners are highly device dependent, and the same variabil- timization for color data coding. The current RGB situation is ana- lyzed and those requirements selected which exclusively address ity exists for image reproducing devices such as monitors the data encoding, while disregarding any application or workflow and printers. Figure 1 shows the locations of the primaries related objectives. In this context, the limitation to the RGB triangle for a few important RGB color spaces, revealing a manifold of color saturation, and the discretization due to the restricted reso- lution of 8 bits per channel are identified as the essential drawbacks variety. The respective specifications for the primaries, white of most of today’s RGB data definitions. Specific validation metrics points and gamma values are given in Table I. are proposed for assessing the codable color volume while at the In practice, the problem of RGB misinterpretation has same time considering the discretization loss due to the limited bit resolution. Based on those measures it becomes evident that the been approached by either providing an ICC profile or by idea of the recently promoted e-sRGB definition holds the potential assuming sRGB if no ICC profile is present.
    [Show full text]
  • Application of Contrast Sensitivity Functions in Standard and High Dynamic Range Color Spaces
    https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2021.11.HVEI-153 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Color Threshold Functions: Application of Contrast Sensitivity Functions in Standard and High Dynamic Range Color Spaces Minjung Kim, Maryam Azimi, and Rafał K. Mantiuk Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge Abstract vision science. However, it is not obvious as to how contrast Contrast sensitivity functions (CSFs) describe the smallest thresholds in DKL would translate to thresholds in other color visible contrast across a range of stimulus and viewing param- spaces across their color components due to non-linearities such eters. CSFs are useful for imaging and video applications, as as PQ encoding. contrast thresholds describe the maximum of color reproduction In this work, we adapt our spatio-chromatic CSF1 [12] to error that is invisible to the human observer. However, existing predict color threshold functions (CTFs). CTFs describe detec- CSFs are limited. First, they are typically only defined for achro- tion thresholds in color spaces that are more commonly used in matic contrast. Second, even when they are defined for chromatic imaging, video, and color science applications, such as sRGB contrast, the thresholds are described along the cardinal dimen- and YCbCr. The spatio-chromatic CSF model from [12] can sions of linear opponent color spaces, and therefore are difficult predict detection thresholds for any point in the color space and to relate to the dimensions of more commonly used color spaces, for any chromatic and achromatic modulation.
    [Show full text]
  • Recording Devices, Image Creation Reproduction Devices
    11/19/2010 Early Color Management: Closed systems Color Management: ICC Profiles, Color Management Modules and Devices Drum scanner uses three photomultiplier tubes aadnd typica lly scans a film negative . A fixed transformation for the in‐house system Dr. Michael Vrhel maps the recorded RGB values to CMYK separations. Print operator adjusts final ink amounts. RGB CMYK Note: At‐home, camera film to prints and NTSC television. TC 707 Basis of modern techniques for color specification, measurement, control and communication. 11/17/2010 1 2 Reproduction Devices Recording Devices, Image Creation 3 4 1 11/19/2010 Modern Color Modern Color Communication: Communication: Open systems. Open systems. Profile Connection Space (PCS) e.g. CIELAB, CIEXYZ or sRGB 5 6 Modern Color Communication: Open Standards, Standards, Standards.. Systems. Printing Industry: ICC profile as an ISO standard Postscript color management was the first adopted solution providing a connection ISO 15076‐1:2005 Image technology colour management Space 1990 in PostScript Level 2. Architecture, profile format and data structure ‐‐ Part 1: Based on ICC.1:2004‐10 Apple ColorSync was a competing solution introduced in 1993. Camera characterization standards ISO 22028‐1 specifies the image state architecture and encoding requirements. International Color Consortium (ICC) developed a standard that has now been widely ISO 22028‐3 specifies the RIMM, ERIMM (and soon the FP‐RIMM) RGB color encodings. adopted at least by the print industry. Organization founded in 1993 by Adobe, Agfa, IEC/ISO 61966‐2‐2 specifies the scRGB, scYCC, scRGB‐nl and scYCC‐nl color encodings. Kodak, Microsoft, Silicon Graphics, Sun Microsystems and Taligent.
    [Show full text]
  • Installation and Operation Manual
    Io IP Transport, Capture, Display Installation and Operation Manual Version 16.1 Published July 14, 2021 Notices Trademarks AJA® and Because it matters.® are registered trademarks of AJA Video Systems, Inc. for use with most AJA products. AJA™ is a trademark of AJA Video Systems, Inc. for use with recorder, router, software and camera products. Because it matters.™ is a trademark of AJA Video Systems, Inc. for use with camera products. Corvid Ultra®, lo®, Ki Pro®, KONA®, KUMO®, ROI® and T-Tap® are registered trademarks of AJA Video Systems, Inc. AJA Control Room™, KiStor™, Science of the Beautiful™, TruScale™, V2Analog™ and V2Digital™ are trademarks of AJA Video Systems, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Copyright Copyright © 2021 AJA Video Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. All information in this manual is subject to change without notice. No part of the document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, without the express written permission of AJA Video Systems, Inc. Contacting AJA Support When calling for support, have all information at hand prior to calling. To contact AJA for sales or support, use any of the following methods: Telephone +1.530.271.3190 FAX +1.530.271.3140 Web https://www.aja.com Support Email [email protected] Sales Email [email protected] Io IP Transport, Capture, Display v16.1 2 www.aja.com Contents Notices . .2 Trademarks . 2 Copyright . 2 Contacting AJA Support . 2 Chapter 1 – Introduction . .5 Overview. .5 Io IP Features . 5 AJA Software & Utilities .
    [Show full text]
  • HDR PROGRAMMING Thomas J
    April 4-7, 2016 | Silicon Valley HDR PROGRAMMING Thomas J. True, July 25, 2016 HDR Overview Human Perception Colorspaces Tone & Gamut Mapping AGENDA ACES HDR Display Pipeline Best Practices Final Thoughts Q & A 2 WHAT IS HIGH DYNAMIC RANGE? HDR is considered a combination of: • Bright display: 750 cm/m 2 minimum, 1000-10,000 cd/m 2 highlights • Deep blacks: Contrast of 50k:1 or better • 4K or higher resolution • Wide color gamut What’s a nit? A measure of light emitted per unit area. 1 nit (nt) = 1 candela / m 2 3 BENEFITS OF HDR Improved Visuals Richer colors Realistic highlights More contrast and detail in shadows Reduces / Eliminates clipping and compression issues HDR isn’t simply about making brighter images 4 HUNT EFFECT Increasing the Luminance Increases the Colorfulness By increasing luminance it is possible to show highly saturated colors without using highly saturated RGB color primaries Note: you can easily see the effect but CIE xy values stay the same 5 STEPHEN EFFECT Increased Spatial Resolution More visual acuity with increased luminance. Simple experiment – look at book page indoors and then walk with a book into sunlight 6 HOW HDR IS DELIVERED TODAY High-end professional color grading displays - Dolby Pulsar (4000 nits), Dolby Maui, SONY X300 (1000 nit OLED) UHD TVs - LG, SONY, Samsung… (1000 nits, high contrast, UHD-10, Dolby Vision, etc) Rec. 2020 UHDTV wide color gamut SMPTE ST-2084 Dolby Perceptual Quantizer (PQ) Electro-Optical Transfer Function (EOTF) SMPTE ST-2094 Dynamic metadata specification 7 REAL WORLD VISIBLE
    [Show full text]