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Quebec During the American Invasion, 1775-1776

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Quebec During the American Invasion, 1775-1776 Quebec During the American Invasion, 1775-1776: The Journal of François Baby, Gabriel Taschereau, and Jenkin Williams Available for the first time in English, the 1776 journal of François Baby, Gabriel Taschereau, and Jenkin Williams provides an insight into the failure to incite rebellion in Québec by American revolutionaries. While other sources have shown how British soldiers and civilians and the French-Canadian gentry (the seigneurs) responded to the American invasion of 1775–1776, this journal focuses on French-Canadian peasants (les habitants) who made up the vast majority of the population; in other words, the journal helps explain why Québec did not become the "fourteenth colony." 1 After American forces were expelled from Québec in early 1776, the British governor, Sir Guy Carleton, sent three trusted envoys to discover who had collaborated with the rebels from the south. They traveled to fifty-six parishes and missions in the Québec and Trois Rivières district, discharging disloyal militia officers and replacing them with faithful subjects. They prepared a report on each parish, revealing actions taken to support the Americans or the king. Baby and his colleagues documented a wide range of responses. Some habitants enlisted with the Americans; others supplied them with food, firewood, and transportation. Some habitants refused to cooperate with the king’s soldiers. In some parishes, women were the Americans’ most zealous supporters. Overall, the Baby Journal clearly reveals that the habitants played an important, but often overlooked, role in the American invasion. Testimony of James Thompson I, James Thompson of the city of Quebec, in the Province of Lower Canada, do testify and declare: That I served in the capacity of an Assistant Engineer during the siege of the city, invested during the years 1775 and 1776 by the American forces under the command of the late Major General Richard Montgomery. That in an attack made by the American troops under the immediate command of General Montgomery, in the night of the 31st December, 1775, on a British post at the southern most extremity of the city, near Près-de-Ville, the General received a mortal wound, and with him were killed his two Aides-de-Camp, McPherson and Cheeseman, who were found in the morning of the 1st January 1776, almost covered by snow. That Mrs. Prentice who kept an hotel, at Quebec, and with whom General Montgomery had previously boarded, was brought to view the body, after it was placed in the Guard Room, and which she recognized by a particular mark which he had on the side of his head, to be the General’s. That the body was then conveyed to a house (Gobert’s) by order of Mr. Cramahé (Hector Theophilus Cramahé, army officer, civil secretary to governors James Murray, Guy Carleton and Frederick Haldimand) who provided a genteel coffin for the General’s body, which was lined inside with flannel, and outside of it with cloth. That in the night of the 4th of January, it was conveyed by me from Gobert’s house, and was interred six feet in front of the gate, within a wall that surrounded a powder magazine near the ramparts bounding on St. Lewis Gate (Porte Saint-Louis). That the funeral service was performed at the grave by the Reverend Mr. de Montmolin (François de Montmolin), the chaplain of the garrison. That his two Aides-de-Camp were buried in their clothes without any coffins, and that no person was buried within twenty-five yards of the General. That I am positive and can testify and declare, that the coffin of the late General Montgomery, taken up on morning of the 16th of the present month of June, 1818, is the identical coffin deposited by me on the day of his burial, and that present coffin contains the remains of the late General. I do further testify and declare that subsequent to the finding of General Montgomery’s body, I wore his sword, being lighter than my own; and on going to the Seminary, where the American officers were lodged, they recognized the sword, which affected them so much that numbers 2 of them wept, in consequence of which, I have never worn the sword since. ‘’Given under my hand, at the city of Québec, Province of Lower Canada, 19th June, 1818.’’ ‘’ James Thompson’’ The Sword of Montgomery Extract from a text by Sir James MacPherson Lemoine (1825-1912) The sword of Montgomery and published in 1891 by the Quebec Daily Telegraph (Newspaper in Quebec City) and since digitized by BAnQ Numérique (Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec) http://numerique.banq.qc.ca/resultats#0000440174-3859802 http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/thompson_james_6E.html https://www.tripadvisor.ca/Hotel_Review-g155033-d967207-Reviews- Maison_Historique_James_Thompson-Quebec_City_Quebec.html Authors William Abbatt – Arnold’s expedition to Quebec > MacMillan Company, London and New York City > HathiTrust Digital Page > Wikipedia > Chapters-Indigo > Amazon.com https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/ls?field1=ocr;q1=William%20Abbatt%20;a=srchls;lmt =ft https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Expedition https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/arnolds-expedition-to- quebec/9781347319598-item.html https://www.amazon.com.mx/Arnolds-Expedition-Quebec-John- Codman/dp/1177661632 Thomas Ainslie – Blockade of Québec in 1775-1776 by the American revolutionists (les Bastonnais) > Archive.org > Open Library https://archive.org/details/blockadeofquebec02wr Complete book https://openlibrary.org/subjects/time:siege_1775-1776 https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001660322?type%5B%5D=all&lookfor%5B%5 D=Thomas%20Ainslie&ft=ft Thomas Ainslie – History of the campaign for the conquest of Canada in 1776, from the death of Montgomery to the retreat of the British army under Sir Guy Carleton > HathiTrust Digital Library > Open Library https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000364386 https://openlibrary.org/subjects/time:siege_1775-1776 3 Gratien Allaire – Jean Renaud (John), merchant, chief road commissioner (grand voyer) and militia ensign who served with the British militia during the American siege of 1775-1776 > Biographi.ca http://www.biographi.ca/fr/bio/renaud_jean_4E.html http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/renaud_jean_4E.html Mark R. Anderson – The invasion of Canada by the Americans, 1775-1776 as told through Jean-Baptiste Badeaux – Three Rivers (Trois-Rivières) journals and New York Captain William Goforth’s letters > BAnQ Numérique https://cap.banq.qc.ca/bienvenue François Baby – Le journal de François Baby > BAnQ Catalogue > BAnQ Numérique > République Libre > Chapters-Indigo https://www.banq.qc.ca/recherches/ > http://numerique.banq.qc.ca/ressources/details/IRIS/ https://english.republiquelibre.org/Qu%C3%A9bec_during_the_American_invasion ,_1775- 1776._The_journal_of_Fran%C3%A7ois_Baby,_Gabriel_Taschereau,_and_Jenkin _Williams https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/fr-ca/livres/quebec-during-the-american- invasion/9780870137402-article.html François Baby – Quebec during the American invasion, 1775-1776: the journal of François Baby > BAnQ Catalogue > BAnQ Numérique https://cap.banq.qc.ca/notice?id=p%3A%3Ausmarcdef_0003077037&queryId=300 6d25d-3fdc-48af-bc33-98cc687b3fd8&posInSet=1 http://numerique.banq.qc.ca/ressources/details/IRIS Jean-Baptiste Badeaux – Journal des opérations de l’armée américaine lors de l’invasion du Canada en 1775-1776 > BAnQ Catalogue > BAnQ Numérique > HathiTrust Digital Library https://www.sunypress.edu/p-6195-the-invasion-of-canada-by-the-a.aspx https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000364576?type%5B%5D=all&lookfor%5B%5 D=Jean-Baptiste%20Badeaux&ft=ft Louis-Edouard Bois – Étude historique > HathiTrust Digital Library > Biographi.ca https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008377077?type%5B%5D=all&lookfor%5B%5 D=Louis- Edouard%20Bois%20%E2%80%93%20%C3%89tude%20historique%20&ft=ft http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/bois_louis_edouard_11E.html http://www.biographi.ca/fr/bio/bois_louis_edouard_11E.html 4 G.P. Brownne – Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester, army officer and colonial administrator who was the commanding officer at Québec (city) against two American armies led by General Richard Montgomery and General Benedict Arnold > Biographi.ca http://www.biographi.ca/fr/bio/carleton_guy_5F.html http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/carleton_guy_5F.html Henry Caldwell – The invasion of Canada in 1775 > Quebec Morning Telegraph Chronicle 1887 > HathiTrust Digital Library > Biographi.ca > Patrimoine culturel du Québec > Archive.org https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100254142?type%5B%5D=all&lookfor%5B%5 D=Henry%20Caldwell%20%E2%80%93%20The%20invasion%20of%20Canada% 20in%201775%20&ft=ft http://www.biographi.ca/fr/bio/caldwell_henry_5F.html http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/caldwell_henry_5F.html http://www.patrimoineculturel.gouv.qc.ca/rpcq/detail.do?methode=consulter&id=11 316&type=pge https://archive.org/details/cihm_32419 complete manuscript Marcel Caya – Henry Caldwell, army and militia officer, politician, seigneur, landowner, businessman and office holder. Benedict Arnold’s campaign during the American invasion of 1775-76 severely affected Caldwell’s property near Québec: his house in Sainte-Foy was used as the rebel’s headquarters and was burned along with contents. Caldwell took part in the defense of the town as lieutenant-colonel commanding the British militia > Biographi.ca http://www.biographi.ca/fr/bio/caldwell_henry_5E.html http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/caldwell_henry_5E.html Earl John Chapman – James Thompson, a Bard of Wolfe’s Army, gentleman volunteer, 1733-1830 > Morrin Cultural Centre – Literary and Historical Society of Quebec https://16616.rmwebopac.com/Search
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