Critics Within the Intelligence Community Are Concerned That the C.I.A

ffi*Netu ink Onus Magnin./ SEPTBABER 28,19e0

THE Sri WAR Critics within the intelligence community are concerned that the C.I.A. has failed to spy effectively on its principal adversag, the Soviet bloc, but has instead' been penetrated — along with its NATO counterparts — by the K.G.B., with a resulting exposure of its spies and a growing 'intelligence gap.'

By Edward Jay Epstein

In a dispute over whether the K.G.B had penetrated the C.I.A., counterintelligence chief James Angleton (left) was fired by Director William Colby in 1974.

Edward Jay Epstein is currently writ- currently is Epstein Jay Edward ing a book on international deception. deception. international on book a ing

gence agents to pick up. up. pick to agents gence

34 34

where he could inconspicuously leave leave inconspicuously could he where

secret documents, a "burst" transmit- "burst" a documents, secret

his microfilm for American intelli- American for microfilm his American Embassy in Moscow, and a a and Moscow, in Embassy American

K.G.B. has been a mystery of immense immense of mystery a been has K.G.B.

"dead drop" on a Moscow bridge, bridge, Moscow a on drop" "dead

cow. He was supplied with all the neces- the all with supplied was He cow.

or blackmailed, as he is reported to to reported is he as blackmailed, or

signed to the Foreign Ministry in Mos- in Ministry Foreign the to signed

photographs, Filatov was persuaded - persuaded was Filatov photographs,

miniature camera for photographing photographing for camera miniature spy for the C.I.A. when he was reas- was he when C.I.A. the for spy

sary paraphernalia for espionage: a a espionage: for paraphernalia sary have claimed at his trial — to work as a a as work to — trial his at claimed have

ter for signaling his contact in the the in contact his signaling for ter the Soviet Embassy in Algeria. After After Algeria. in Embassy Soviet the

Algiers in 1976, when he was attached to to attached was he when 1976, in Algiers

being confronted with compromising compromising with confronted being gence service. In 1978, the Soviet press press Soviet the 1978, In service. gence

C.I.A. had caught him in a sex trap in in trap sex a in him caught had C.I.A. been tried for treason and sentenced to to sentenced and treason for tried been

Anatoly Anatoly

death. • • death.

in the Soviet Foreign Ministry. The The Ministry. Foreign Soviet the in

reported that this American spy had had spy American this that reported

hended by the K.G.B., the Soviet intelli- Soviet the K.G.B., the by hended

Central I Iligence Agency spy in the the in spy Agency Iligence I Central

Kremlin, ' ' Kremlin,

clandestine activities of the C.I.A. — — C.I.A. the of activities clandestine

the White House unit that oversees the the oversees that unit House White the received a piece of dismaying news: A A news: dismaying of piece a received

cret Special Coordinating Committee— Coordinating Special cret

How he was so quickly caught by the the by caught quickly so was he How

"Trianon" was the code name for for name code the was "Trianon"

In July 1977, President Carter's se- Carter's President 1977, July In

N. N.

Filatov, a 37-year-old aide aide 37-year-old a Filatov,

" had been appre- appre- been had "

gations and the press has made other other made has press the and gations

to share their secrets with the C.I.A., C.I.A., the with secrets their share to

Western intelligence services reluctant reluctant services intelligence Western

and methods by Congressional investi- Congressional by methods and

press. The exposure of C.I.A. sources sources C.I.A. of exposure The press.

and contend with frequent leaks to the the to leaks frequent with contend and

of Congressional committees, answer answer committees, Congressional of

operations. It must now report to a host host a to report now must It operations.

hamstrung by restrictions on its secret secret its on restrictions by hamstrung

Freedom of Information Act requests requests Act Information of Freedom

until now. now. until

hiatus, this Senate investigation threat- investigation Senate this hiatus,

the C.I.A. has managed to preserve preserve to managed has C.I.A. the

crets about the spy war — secrets that that secrets — war spy the about crets

ens to open up a Pandora's box of se- of box Pandora's a up open to ens

conducting a preliminary investigation investigation preliminary a conducting

ate Select Committee on Intelligence is is Intelligence on Committee Select ate

tov's exposure. Even after a three-year three-year a after Even exposure. tov's

into the circumstances that led to File- to led that circumstances the into

New York, and Senator Malcolm Wal- Malcolm Senator and York, New

gence? Or was he betrayed by a Soviet Soviet a by betrayed he was Or gence?

spy in the C.I.A.? To date, this question question this date, To C.I.A.? the in spy

iel Patrick Moynihan, Democrat of of Democrat Moynihan, Patrick iel

sponse to a request from Senator Dan- Senator from request a to sponse

remains unanswered. Currently, in rein Currently, unanswered. remains lop, Republican of Wyoming, the Sen- the Wyoming, of Republican lop,

he detected through routine Soviet sur- Soviet routine through detected he

dental leak from American intelli- American from leak dental concern to American intelligence. Was Was intelligence. American to concern

veillance? Was he exposed by an acci- an by exposed he Was veillance?

In recent years, the C.I.A. has been been has C.I.A. the years, recent In

recruitment of Filatov in 1976. This in- This 1976. in Filatov of recruitment

in a position to be familiar with all the the all with familiar be to position a in

single productive mole in the Soviet Soviet the in mole productive single

telligence gap was also cited by former former by cited also was gap telligence

one high Government official, who was was who official, Government high one

and 1977, the C.I.A. failed to establish a a establish to failed C.I.A. the 1977, and

major C.I.A. operations between 1969 1969 between operations C.I.A. major Penkovsky in Moscow in 1962 and the the and 1962 in Moscow in Penkovsky

may have been the only mole that the the that mole only the been have may

Union between the arrest of Col. Oleg Oleg Col. of arrest the between Union

C.I.A. had established inside the Krem- the inside established had C.I.A.

tion of access to secrets in the Soviet Soviet the in secrets to access of tion over, incredible as it may seem, he he seem, may it as incredible over,

lin in more than a decade. According to to According decade. a than more in lin

the only United States agent in a posi- a in agent States United only the

intelligence world, a "mole." More- "mole." a world, intelligence

mittee, it found that the case had had case the that found it mittee,

arose because Filatov was apparently apparently was Filatov because arose

munity into confusion. Consternation Consternation confusion. into munity

Union — he was, in the language of the the of language the in was, he — Union

difficult for the agency to recruit spies spies recruit to agency the for difficult

case shortly after his arrest in 1977, ac- 1977, in arrest his after shortly case thrown the American intelligence com- intelligence American the thrown

cording to one staff member of the com- the of member staff one to cording

ships" with these services have deterio- have services these with ships" and defectors abroad. abroad. defectors and

and the agency's "liaison relation- "liaison agency's the and

to prevent leaks has made it far more more far it made has leaks prevent to rated. In addition, the C.I.A.'s inability inability C.I.A.'s the addition, In rated.

Intelligence was briefed on the Filatov Filatov the on briefed was Intelligence

When the Senate Select Committee on on Committee Select Senate the When

these do not require the operation of of operation the require not do these

be sure, other profitable ways of gath- of ways profitable other sure, be munications by powerful antennae, but but antennae, powerful by munications

gence, pointed out to me. There are, to to are, There me. to out pointed gence,

veillance and the interception of com- of interception the and veillance

ering intelligence, such as satellite sur- satellite as such intelligence, ering

a former Director of Central Intelli- Central of Director former a

C.I.A. or the K.G.B. — is to establish establish to is — K.G.B. the or C.I.A.

moles within the enemy's inner sanc- inner enemy's the within moles intelligence service can function unless unless function can service intelligence gence problems since the early 1960's 1960's early the since problems gence

changes in its plans and intentions. "No "No intentions. and plans its in changes

supports the contention that the C.I.A. C.I.A. the that contention the supports

C.I.A. to resolve its most vexing intelli- vexing most its resolve to C.I.A. tum who are in a position to warn of of warn to position a in are who tum it has secret sources," Richard Helms, Helms, Richard sources," secret has it

source in the Soviet Union. Union. Soviet the in source

during the period between 1962 and and 1962 between period the during

has not established a dependable dependable a established not has intelligence service — whether the the whether — service intelligence

1976. Deception and lies are common common are lies and Deception 1976.

with certainty that the C.I.A. had no no had C.I.A. the that certainty with productive spies in the Soviet Union Union Soviet the in spies productive However, the consistent failure of the the of failure consistent the However,

C.I.A. counterintelligence determined determined counterintelligence C.I.A.

and necessary tactics in the spy war. war. spy the in tactics necessary and

that the "moles" were double agents, agents, double were "moles" the that

returned to Moscow. Moscow. to returned

by the C.I.A. in Washington, during the the during Washington, in C.I.A. the by

working for the K.G.B., and all three three all and K.G.B., the for working 1960's. In all three cases, however, however, cases, three all In 1960's.

Hat" and "Fedora" — recruited by the the by recruited — "Fedora" and Hat"

C.I.A. executives and a staff member member staff a and executives C.I.A.

mat — code-named "Igor" — recruited recruited — "Igor" code-named — mat

of the Senate Select Committee on in- on Committee Select Senate the of Nations diplomats — code-named "Top "Top code-named — diplomats Nations

these sources were two Soviet United United Soviet two were sources these

telligence. telligence.

F.B.I. in New York and a Soviet diplo- Soviet a and York New in F.B.I.

The primary task of any clandestine clandestine any of task primary The

It is, of course, impossible to state state to impossible course, of is, It

The only exceptions mentioned by by mentioned exceptions only The a a Col. Oleg Padmvsky, who served as one of the C.1.A.'s most important spies in the In 1963, Jack E. Dunlap, a Soviet spy hi the National Security Agency, was found dead Soviet Union, was caught in 1962 and sentenced to death in Moscow a year later. of carbon-monoxide poisoning — an apparent suicide — Just after being Interrogated.

clandestine service. The spotting, com- successfully established Its own moles in promising, recruiting and handling of American intelligence, and that these E2311.5111111111M moles on a regular basis requires a highly agents report to Moscow the secret plans professional secret service. And, even in and sources of the C.I.A., thereby making the age of satellites and electronic wizar- it impossible for the C.I.A. to recruit—or dry, moles who can report on the strate- keep secret — its own moles. Tennant Cat and Mole: gic thinking of an adversary remain a Bagley Jr., who was the deputy chief of crucially important part of the continuing the C.I.A.'s Soviet Bloc Division in the intelligence war. mid-1980's and was responsible for coun- A Dangerous While public debate over the C.I.A., tering the activities of Soviet intelligence, fueled by Presidential inquiries and Con- explained In a series of interviews that "it gressional investigations, has narrowly takes a mole to catch a mole." According Game focused on the charge that the agency has to his view, the two most successful moles abused its power by spying on domestic that the C.I.A. ever recruited, Col. Peter A crucial role in the groups outside its legal purview. the se- Popov (1953-59) and Colonel Penkovsky cret concern in intelligence circles, which (198142), were both caught by Soviet in- intelligence war is has not surfaced in any of the many pub- telligence because they had been be- lic hearings, is that the C.I.A. is not trayed by a K.G.B. mole, or moles, work- played by moles, but spying effectively on its principal adver- ing in American intelligence. Bagley sary: the Soviet bloc. As one counterintel- claimed, moreover, to have seen during their longevity is ligence expert from the RAND Corpora. his tenure in the C.I.A. direct evidence of lion put the question: "Why has the C.I.A. a mole "feeding back," as he put it, limited. The men shown repeatedly failed to penetrate the Soviet operational plans of the C.I.A. to the system by recruiting agents?" K.G.B. "In one case, Soviet intelligence here all were caught, Within the C.I.A. itself, this question clearly knew about an elaborate C.I.A. has been the center of a bitter and de- plan to recruit a Soviet-bloc diplomat in were killed, or fled. structive debate that has persisted Imre- Switzerland," he pointed out. He knew of With C.I.A. prodding, British intelligence Eiimmumi. solved for some 20 years. On one side of no productive mole that the C.I.A. had re- caught K.G.B. spy George Blake, who . the issue, It is argued that the K.G.B. has trotted in the (Continued on Page 102) later escaped from prison to Moscow.

38 Michael Goleniewski, the most productive agent hi the history of the C.I.A., claimed to be the heir to Czar Nicholas of Russia. The agency broke off with him in 1964.

is the C.I.A. again had to come to grips with the possibility that Soviet intelligence had a SPY WAR source in the agency. Even though C.I.A. officials told the Continued from Page 36 Senate Select Committee on Soviet Union since the capture Intelligence that Filatov's de- of Penkovsky in 1962. (Bagley Jack Maury, a former head of tection had come about be- retired from the C.I.A. in the C.I.A.'s Soviet Bloc Divi- cause of an inadvertent state- 1972.) He accounted for this sion, described it to me. In- ment to the press by one of na- failure in blunt terms: "It is deed, William Colby blamed tional security adviser Zbig- impossible for the C.I.A. to the failure of the C.I.A. to re- niew Brzezinski's deputies on maintain any secret sources if cruit agents in the Soviet the National Security Council, it is penetrated." And clearly, Union on the mistaken fear a number of counterintelli- as far as he was concerned, the that there was a mole in the gence officers believed that C.I.A. was "penetrated" by C.I.A. who would quickly be- Filatov had been betrayed by Soviet moles. tray them. When he became a mole in the C.I.A. This argument was carried Director, he fired Angleton In fact, the C.I.A. had cogent much farther by James Jesus and transferred other counter- evidence in its tiles testifying Angleton, who served as the intelligence officers who had in no uncertain terms to the C.I.A.'s counterintelligence worked under him. He also did capacity of Soviet intelligence chief until 1975. Angleton, away with the tight compart- to recruit and sustain moles in theorizing on the basis of infor- mentalization' of information highly sensitive positions in mation supplied by Soviet de- American and other Western fectors, believed that he had intelligence services. In the pinpointed the K.G.B. "pene- early 1960's, the C.I.A. uncov- trations," as he called them, in ered, through the services of the Soviet Bloc Division of the its own anonymous spy, a well- C.I.A. In 1963, he began purg- organized complex of Soviet ing or transferring four possi- moles that included not only ble suspects. When these ad- American but also French, ministrative measures did not German, Israeli, British, result in ferreting out the mole Swedish and NATO officers. or plugging the apparent leak, Most of these agents, ac- Angleton took more drastic according to their public admis- tion. In 1968, he explained to sions, were induced to work me, he completely "cut off" for the K.G.B. by financial re- the entire Soviet Bloc Division wards or sexual blackmail from information about highly rather than an ideological sensitive cases. This step led, sympathy with Communism. according to Angleton's crit- Some were enlisted under ics, to the near paralysis of the "false flag" arrangements in Soviet Bloc Division, which that Angleton had insisted on. which, for example, former was then responsible for all Colby explains in his autobiog- Nazis were recruited by a C.I.A. intelligence activities in raphy that he took these ac- K.G.B. front that pretended to the Soviet Union and Eastern tions because he believed that be a secret Nazi conspiracy. Europe. Angleton's "ultraconspira- They all continued spying for On the other side of the de- torial turn of mind had, at long periods of time, and, in bate, a large number of C.I.A. least in recent years, become some instances, such as in officers, such as William more of a liability than an West Germany, provided the Colby, who became Director of asset to the agency." K.G.B. not only with secrets Central Intelligence in 1973, The dismissal of Angleton but also with control of the in- believed that the mole issue did not end the debate. When telligence apparatus itself. In was divisive, demoralizing the K.G.B. uncovered Filatov, the West German case, ac- and ultimately a dangerous cording to Tennant Bagley's distraction. They argued that analysis for the C.I.A., the Popov, Penkovsky and other moles were able to manipulate C.I.A. moles were caught by the careers of their fellow offi- the K.G.B. either through rou- cers so as to promote and tine surveillance procedures strategically place other or because of a blunder or mis- K.G.B. moles. In this sense, hap in American intelligence the mole complex was self- — and not through any infor- perpetuating; and between mation supplied by a mole. 1960 and 1978 more than two These intelligence officers dozen K.G.B. agents would be viewed the deductive search for moles as "sick think," as . uncovered in the NATO al- When the C.I.A. queried the "The original everyday clothes:' liance. British about the list, they re-

torted that it was a clumsy Ter True One Most Prater Parka 0 i fabrication. "Heckenschii- tom a The laws Ihmiga base parka amw au am wommet mammal eloa mita leadsmen The unraveling of this com- tze's" C.I.A. case officer, that minimise. the balky Mel al num plex did not occur through any Howard Roman, recalls that mai through atcoms. Ith actually memories Mom. On the wade or a ordinary security procedure British intelligence asserted guard down parka dila with 10% but through an accident of his- that the names could have aware at puree gooadown. A 80/40 WWI Mona/al at the tory that could not reasonably been taken out of the Warsaw MOMS ICI pfe•eat .1.44K• be expected to reoccur in the telephone directory. The deni- easy cold sp.. Magi.. you warm layer a protection intelligence war. This incred- als were so heated that even 0111, (two lame o/ aloe surround. ible story began with a letter James Angleton was prepared Oda Pm wigs .,,rj,... ins the down. dead a spode for fladallaag. . 1,,,,. osier arena. and alarm al sent on April 1, 1958. to the to belleVe that the anonymous Somidaaddla ea bit arable ataropellapo • American Ambassador in mole was a disinformation cd dab. shoeld aor challis !Want came ck. ham ae see up sour leg. _ alas alma dope era lasulated '''t ,..41, 1, Switzerland, Henry J. Taylor. agent who was attempting to the ploid.11ad pants - hand-woneing slots. All le all it's Taylor promptly turned the sow discord between the are just la thing a like hasher a worm damped.. with cold. wady a rad shell but all together. 1th the ..! say.. letter over to the C.I.A. station American and British serv- Mead long ...aria tirst palate go for arm baling the chief in his embassy. ices. chioogalmatine to be mat blusters walla Fat added pro- wereir as tough as they am loam, Meta IS a &among mart • Tennant Bagley, one of the Then, to everyone's aston- warm. la lath sly. waist ad adjustable bellow.. cuffs witb we. C.I.A. officers who took con- ishment, a researcher in the Ma's Mae 10.40. ore dawn. eachwear. tan. nays or gram Unisex siting X3-XL Mailable with Women, aura 8-16. masa boa for SM. ar marmots ail. trol of the case, recalled in a C.I.A.'s Eastern European 11311.511 series of interviews with me Division discovered that Brit- .,47.10 that the letter was written in ish intelligence had sett essen- Please send for Free Catalog gagg Sweater. The east pada. swam em'a swer sold. The Ragg Mod Ma mama fluent German, and that the tially the same list to the , as do. Please...1d me the following: loped In Iceland to withstmod the Merelag aria author, who claimed to be a C.I.A. a year or so earlier. It ad cold. Loomed far a ol the traditional Wad Ott, herd Color Sim of IA wool on warmth and 15% aloe ire mom- high-ranking officer of a Corn. now became clear to the C.I.A. mom 11.143111 ad Mandela Designed tor mei• monist intelligence service, officers handling the case that k ola dozing armed =alt. Mad weather. The is era ad whim read. Maas simo 9-XL refused to divulge his name or the list had not been lifted AV,' Wawa S.L.1121.50.13a54. MAK even nationality. The mysteri- from the Warsaw phone book, ous author suggested, accord- but from the secret files of ing to Bagley's recollection of British intelligence. the case, that there were Allen Dulles, then the Direc- 0 VISA 0 IV. 0 AMEN Kreege C.: Cheek .& sons moles in Western intelligence tor of Central Intelligence, who would betray him if he presented this evidence to his Name identified himself. He there- British counterpart, and, after Address The Oatrittal farm Oublears fore proposed helping Western several months of investigat- City Zya Mau/mean: it West 46th Semi. N.V. NX 10036 (212)57 5.7825 intelligence put "its own house ing those who had access to the Carded MO West 72 St. (212)7996200 in order," presumably by fer- list, British intelligence traced Westchester: Man Straw. Armonk. N.Y. it Signature reting out the moles, before he the probable leak to the safe of N.Y. Residents Add Tax. would consider detecting to George Blake. Blake, a Dutch. Mail and Phone Orders: 387 Main St., Armonk, N.t 10504 (914) 273-8520 the West. He signed the letter born career intelligence offi- "Heckenschiitze." cer, had rapidly risen in the In his initial reports, sent to ranks of the British Secret mailing addresses supplied by Service through a remarkable the C.I.A., "Heckenschiitze" string of successful recruit- We give you back what was yours! rapidly identified seven Soviet ments of Communist officers spies. These included a British in Germany. Could such suc- admiralty aide at the Portland cesses have been purposely Naval Base, named Harry provided by the K.G.B. to en- Houghton. who had been sup- hance Blake's standing? plying the K.G.B. with secret During his interrogation, information about United Blake admitted that he had States nuclear submarines; spied for the Soviet Union Col. Israel Beer, an Israeli since 1992 and that he had military historian who, in fact, passed virtually every impor- was an Austrian who had emi- tant document the British Se- grated to Israel 20 years earli- cret Service had in its files to er. pretended to be an Ortho- the K.G.B. dox Jew and gradually won the The depth of this K.G.B. confidence of Prime Minister penetration, into British intelli- David Ben-Gurion and other gence stunned the C.I.A. When Israeli leaders; and Col. Stig the British diplomats Guy Bur- Wennerstrom, the Swedish air gess and Donald Maclean had attaché in Washington, who defected to the Soviet Union in was actually a general in the 1911, Harold (Kim) Philby, an K.G.B. officer in the British Secret "Heckenschiitze" also pro- Service, also had come under Actual client of Han Club for Men — unretouched hair. vided a document that caused suspicion and, in the early serious embarrassment at the 1950's, he had been effectively Kevin used to have a thinning hair problem. But if we didn't show you proof, British Secret Service — a pur- retired. The Philby case was you'd never believe it. Cause now his hair is full and natural again. ported list of 28 Polish officials now reopened. Then, after No more hair spray. No more hassle. compiled by British agents in Blake's confession, Anthony We build body into thinning hair by adding real human hair back into Warsaw as potential targets Blunt, a former officer inlhe for recruitment. This list, British security service (MI- your own. One strand of to 1 Find out about the "Heckenschtitze" explained, 5), who had retired at the end hair at a time. It's a totally Strand-by-Strand"' system, and select your own style. Mail this coupon to the club had come from the K.G.B. of the war, was confronted by uniq ue, non-surgical process, When Bagley and other C.I.A. British interrogators and, in nearest you for your free brochure in a plain envelope. available only at Hair Club officers evaluated the list, the return for a grant of immuni- Name question arose: How could the ty, admitted that he had for Men. So you can forget K.G.B. have obtained such a served as a Soviet mole. (In worrying about your hair. Acores sensitive document unless it 1983, Philby defected to Mos- And get on with living. had a mole inside the British cow, thereby clearing up any C it Slate Zip Secret Service? doubts about his loyalties, and, Hair Club for Men IlairClubforMei 185 Madmen Ave Mt 34th It.) New 5008. NY 100164212-889.9290 FOR THE ACTIVE MAN. 8500 Wilshire Bbd.. Ruth, 815. Beverly Halle. CA 90211/213.652 940C L26.07 Broadway (Fite 41. Fair Lawn. NJ 07410/201.796-4640 several years later, Blake es- formed the Americans that he at the time of his defection. caped from prison and also had hidden away a cache of Golitsin claimed to have at- going to Israel? went to Moscow.) documents in a tree trunk in tended Moscow staff meetings "Heckenschiltze" next Warsaw for the C.I.A. to re. in which the infiltration of ACCOMMODATIONS turned his attention to the trieve after he had escaped. Western intelligence services "On' Hotel Reserve at no extra cost 29 Heal Math TX 48596 PH 04640065 West German Intelligence When the C.I.A. recovered was openly discussed. Like BANKING Service (B.N.D.). Headed by these documents, it found Goleniewski, he suggested BMW HAPOAUM Gen. Reinhard Gehlen, Hit- thousands of pages of Polish that the K.G.B. had its moles Head Office: 50 Rothschild awl Tel Ave, Tat (03) 628111. A leading bank in Israel and worldwide. Over 300 branches of Group in Weak Offices and branches in ream ler's former intelligence chief and Soviet military bulletins in the C.I.A., the British Secret Manuel canters around the globe • Full foreign currency services. • International finan- against the Russians, this or- containing United States mili- Service, NATO, and French in- cial gansacbona. 'Financing of World Trade ganization worked closely with tary secrets that could only telligence. Indeed, much of the Tourist and Foreign Currency Centers. Tel Ayer. the Haver lion St., rat (031 228118 the C.I.A. "Heckenschtitze" have come from high-level data that he furnished on this Jefusaign: 28 King George SC. Tel. (02) 222248. New York mean branch: 10 reported in 1969 that he had sources In NATO and the mole complex seemed to par- Rockefeller Plaza. (212) 397-9850. Also in Queens and Huntington. IV V . and in Boston, Chicago. Philadelphia, Los Angeles and Maw. Worldwide. sullecharies. been told by a high-ranking United States Defense Depart- allel that provided earlier by branches and pieces in Montreal, Toronto. London. Maw/wester. Pans. Zurrch. KG.B. officer that the B.N.D. ment. Goleniewski was given Goleniewski. Golitsin asserted Luxembourg. Buenos Aires, Sao Paulo. Caracas. Montevideo and Cayman Isiands had been thoroughly infil- an office in Washington, where additionally, however, that the ISRAEL DISCOUNT SANK Full banking services trated by Soviet intelligence, he worked with his debriefing K.G.B. had managed to place 250 Branches in Creel and m the Main Financial Centers abroad. Jerwaiern main and that many of its top offi- officers attempting to "elabo- its agents in France in cabinet- Wane& 11, Ben-Yeleida SC. Tat (02) 222121 TOW* Center Mops St. corner Sew cers had been blackmailed by Youths SC. Tat An, (031247278. N. Y., 511-5ny Ave. 212-551-8500. rate," as he put it, the various level positions "close, very BANK LRIA11 LE-ISRAEL B.M. Oldest and largest bank in Israel with a net of 400 the K.G.B. into cooperating clues. He believed, for exam- close, to de Gaulle." Accord- barging Subeichaliee and regnant-give offices including 43 out Israel. At your with it. Specifically, he stated ple, that lie could pinpoint the ing to one member of Angle- service before and after your arrival in Wag: Foreign resadent and tounst canter. 130 that of the six B.N.D. officers Ben Yea. SI, TN Aviv Jerusalem Touriet Center. 47 Jaffe F10.. N.Y. °Mew 579 Filth leak in the C.I.A. that had be- ton's counterintelligence staff, Ave, NY 10017 TN 12121 832-50007 13 other brancnes m metropoliten WC additional who had visited C.I.A. head- trayed him. He revealed that the Golitsin leads focused sus- offices in Chicago. Pltiedelphia, Los Angeies. Cayman islands. Miami. Toronto. quarters in Washington in Polish intelligence had known picion on the French Deputy REAL ESTATE 1956, and met personally with about a 1959 C.I.A. plan to re. Prime Minister, but they were Luxurious Mate on MT. CARPAL, MARA. SHAReS 11a HAATZMAUT BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES Allen Dulles, two were K.G.B. cruit a Polish diplomat in Insufficient for French intelli- ISRAEL INVESTMENT AUTHORITY, 6 Pik Street Muni.. (02) 522-261. moles. Switzerland. The C.I.A. did not gence to take any action. Gold- MINISTRY INDUSTRY, TRADE II TOURISM, 30 /wren 91.. Jennalern (02)243-811. This lead was specific pursue the lead, according to sin demanded an immediate ISRAEL EXPORT INSTITUTE, Shalom Tower. Tel Aviv (C73) 530.12. enough to identify immedi- Goleniewskl. He later said to payment of $1 million for his SHOPPING ately one member of the me that the debriefing officers information, and received a 000FIG JENSEN-SILVER, Crystal. Porcelains - Duty Eros. Cal, 03-242508 JEWELRY group, Heinz Felfe. Fella, a had spent "only a few hours" substantial portion of it from INBAR DIAMONO JEWELRY. 3) Bilhamin St. Nathanya 1' 05322233 DfarnOn4 former Hui officer, was then on this subject, and never the C.I.A. Exchange. the deputy chief of West Ger- brought it up again. According to Philippe de COINS a MEDALS Take home am mint of Ism*- tweet State Medals. Sole issuer: Israel Government man counterintelligence. Like Before the debriefing could Vosjoli, who had been the liai- Coins and Medat$ Corp. Ltd, New Yore: 350 5111 Aye. TN: 560-0690: Jerusalem: 5 Blake, Felfe bad risen to had be completed, Golenlewski son between the C.I.A. and Aiwa Hawn St. TO 668105: Tel Awl: 3 Mendel. St. high position through a series presented the C.I.A. with still French intelligence in Wash- TRAVEL it HOLIDAYS of "successes." West German another surprise. He informed ington, and was gradually TEL AVIV-JAFFA-THE HOUOAY WAY TO SEE ISRAEL---everything you need to combine your professional and vacation plans into one great WP. Tel Mg- Pulse Of security police immediately his case officers that "Gole- brought in on the case, Golitsin modern Israel Ask your travel agent Tal Am-Jaffa. placed Felfe under close sur- niewski" had merely been a insisted that at least six KOPEL TOURS 40 E 49 NY 8380000 800-223408 tamers s1 Thorium service can veillance, and eventually cover name he had used in Pol- French intelligence officers handle legally all rebireqs-Howis, Sightweing. Cw-Hire. caught him transmitting se- ish intelligence. His real were Soviet moles. Alter Golit- COMMAND TRAVEL 6 E 45 NYC 212 490.1213 TOLLFREE 800 2214940 Israel crets. The surveillance led to specististe, Charters, Flights. Hot.. Tows. PRIVATE CAR9, Penns It Teens. ea, name, he explained, was sin provided clues that could Mitzvahs. EGYPT. the arrest of a number of other Grand Duke Aleksei Nicholae- possibly fit two colonels in NEWSPAPERS moles in West German intelli- vich Romanoff. He further ex- French intelligence, both were Prager, for your Ina. geed THE JERUSALEM POST — lasers only English languege gence, Including Hans Clem- plained to the bewildered men allowed to resign from the dairy newspaper. For information, call (212) 355-4440. ens — the man in charge, from the C.I.A. that his father, service. CAR HIRE KOPEL TOURS 350 new gars self-dnye, 40 E 490 St. NY 838-0500. Seaton, ironically enough, of the sur- Czar Nicholas, had secretly es- Golitsin further described a veillance team in Bonn. caped from Russia to Poland plan that French intelligence HOTELS TEL AVIY•SNERATON. A great rein on to be in Israel. For rest-Toll Free 800-325-3535. (Felfe, after being convicted after the Bolsheviks had had devised to spy on Ameri- THE PLAZA TEL AVIV. DA. Motet Centrally Located an the Sea Shore NeOresented of espionage, was eventually seized power. Goleniewski told can nuclear-missile sites. The hy UNA and Merander in USA. 155 //wanton Street Tx 35847 traded to East Germany for a his astonished audience that information that French spies H. SNIFF ISRAEL (EADWO HOTELS: Outstanding Diplomat. Marina and Mal Hotels group of alleged West German he was now heir to the czar's collected in the United States TN Am. Janagern, Nallearnw and Shan.. 420 Lexington Av.. N.Y. Ter (212) 988- 5782 or (9301223-2416/7. TI,: 640695. spies.) A classified 1973 review fortune. In this operation would, ac- RAMAOA TEL AVIV Beach Front. Bar. Indoor pool. Chinese restaurant 600-2282828 of the memoirs of General When news of these disclo- cording to Golitsin, be chan- (PR-ISRAEL RESORTS HOTELS-5 9000 werk W Wand e greet WWWW m Israel: The Gehlen (which I received sures reached Richard Helms, neled to the K.G.B. through its Sharon Hotel — Mbrilaon8ei. The Sinai Hotel— Tal-Am. Gam Ninnereth-Tibenea, through a Freedom of Infor- then Deputy Director for moles in French intelligence. The Machine — Eget 17,0 0im00 Inn-Safed. For Reserrakons plewe calt your gavot Aga. m S.R.S. — STEIGENBERGER RESERVATION SERVICE TOLL FREE 1500.223. mation Act request) termed Plans, he realized that the De Vosjoll had never been In- 5652 in NY: 212-583-2988. the Felfe case a "crushing de- C.I.A. had a potentially em- formed of such a plan. Then, In ROYAL HOTEL BAT-YAM RIVIERA BEACH RESORT. TEL 8761 t 1 TLX 35501 AMRHO N. feat" for the B.N.D., and con- barrassing problem on its 1969 he received orders from ASIA HOUSE COMMERCE. special events. Fine food. 4 Weizmann Str T.A. PH cluded that "the West German hands. Goleniewski had beers his superiors in Paris to organ- 03-218278. Government has been and the most productive agent by ize the spy networks in the Reach them where they live doubtless still is thoroughly far in the entire history of the United States that Golitsin had For full advertising details, call Basil Bicknell, director, New York penetrated." C.I.A., revealing more than a outlined. As far as de Vosjoll Times international advertising, at 12121 5561205. In Mr.), call "Heckenschittze" finally de- dozen Soviet moles; the C.I.A., was concerned, this order Dan Ehrlich at 229873, 242294. cided to defect to the United however, could not be put in demonstrated that French in- States in 1960, after more than the position of supporting his telligence was being con- 30 months' service as an anon- claim to the czar's fortune. In trolled by K.G.B. moles and ymous mole. The K.G.B. had 1964, the C.I.A. severed its used to collect information for found out about certain docu- relations with its former spy. the Soviet Union, not France. ments that he had sent to the He protested the scheme, C.I.A. and asked his help in pointing out that France had tracking down the leak. Almost exactly one year no conceivable interest in "Heckenschiltze" now knew after Goleniewski had de- spying on American missile [ The Best of Bass Shoes. that there was a leak in Ameri- fected in Berlin, a K.G.B. se- sites. When his orders were can intelligence. On Christmas curity officer named Anatoli not changed, he resigned from .-- 1— ,-- Ciassr -r -- A Day, he arrived with his wife Golitsin defected from the French intelligence, and, after at the American military cols Soviet Embassy in Helsinki, being informed that be would 1 :- ^,:- 7. ,..: ''---,-- sloe in Berlin, and was met by Finland, and was taken by the be assassinated if he rewind ...----. / a contingent of C.I.A. officers. C.I.A. to Washington. where to France, he went into hiding He identified himself as MI- he was turned over to Angleton in the United States. dm. Goleniewski, the vice for questioning. chairman of Polish military Even though he held a rela- 0 intelligence. He further in- tively low rank in the K.G.B. A large number of docu-

104 manta that Goleniewski had secretiveness Is considered left for the C.I.A. in the tree necessary because the N.S.A. trunk in Warsaw contained in- is responsible for protecting ..1_1104W formation stolen from the the security of the channels NATO command. There was, through which the leaders of The - for example, a top-secret June the United States Govern- 1960, report on "intelligence ment, military forces and in- eupola objectives elaborated by the telligence services communi- commanding staff of NATO." cate with one another. In most for senior citizens invites you Goleniewski claimed that eases, the N.S.A. designs the to live in the grand some of these documents had ciphers, encoding machines manner to which you've come from a French source, and protected lines through been accustomed. married to a Communist, who which the nation's most II mare used to the hest you'll had once been associated with closely guarded secrets are mint to consider The Cupola - the the French war college. transmitted. Any breach of Minna in senior citizen Wino All In August 1963, French intel- this system can have disas- suites are private (for individuals ligence photographed a NATO trous conaeqinences. Aside a darne. each Mtn kitchenette official passing an attache from protecting the nation's and available unhirnishal a fun case hill of NATO documents secret communications, the Malted to suit yes awe WOW to a Soviet Embassy official. N.S.A. intercepts and deci- brsba. Featured are 3 superb meals He was Georges Pewee, a for- phers the secrets of foreign a day from a diversified meats mer director of studies at the governments. Such "signal in- read service. planned 'Chaffin war college who had been an telligence" includes intercepts theatre. card & pine rooms. lib aide to nine French ministers. of telephone and radio signals. rein delightful greenhouse . . During his interrogation, he telemetry from missiles and All lee one mochas monthly lee confessed that he had been electrical impulses from radar (Yee new buy a thing!) Also awl- spying for the Soviet Union for and sonar. Vest quantities of able are oft barber. & beauty some 20 years. information about the testing, shops. and a hilly staffed infirmary. Then, in 1988. Hermann capabilities and deployment of Excellent shopping right nearby. Liidke, a rear admiral in the Soviet weaponry are derived It cane make your next years West German Navy and the the very best yeas d your life ... from the N.S.A.'s sustained deputy chief of logistics for the at The Cupola. "electrical Intelligence." In- NATO command, was identi- formation about Soviet inten- ASK FOR OUR BROCHURE— fied by West German security "THE CUPOLA STORY" tions comes from its code. police as a K.G.B. spy. Two breaking operations or "cora. weeks after his interrogation munications intelligence." began. Admiral Lildke was On July 22, 1983, Victor Nor- found dead: he had been shot ris Hamilton. a Syrian-born re- with a rifle. German officials search analyst at N.S.A. head- declared his death an appar- quarters. turned up in Moscow ent suicide. The same day that W. 100 Ridgewood Avenue and announced that he was de- Perseus, NJ. 01652 LikUre was killed. Gen. Horst fecting. Presumably, he was tiell 4444200 wendland, the deputy director an agent of the K.G.B. In Mos- of West German intelligence, cow, he Mined two other for- was found shot to death in his mer N.S.A. employees, Ber- headquarters. another alleged net' F. Mitchell and William H. suicide. GolenMwski claimed Martin. who had detected to that he had pointed to Wend- the Soviet Union three years land as a key Soviet mole in earlier. While working as West German Intelligence K.G.B. moles at N.S.A. head- \Att4g Do Yo under the code name "Organi- quarters, they had provided zator" as early as 1961. Gen- the Soviet Union with informa- eral Wendland had been the tion about the technical capa- WiTar-roV75- prime target of a West Ger- bilities and locations of the su- man security investigation, persecret sensors that the vq_NEyi you and had undergone interroga- N.S.A. had employed against tion prior to his death. He now it, and also with data about the was presumed to have been a N.S.A.'s codes and code- q7loW uP7 Soviet mole for some 22 years, breaking techniques. according to a C.I.A. officer One day after Hamilton de- who had been privy to the in- fected from the N.S.A., Jack Or what would you vestigation. Within two weeks, E. Dunlap, an employee of the like to be now that four other German officials, N.S.A. since 1958. was found you have? You'll who were reported to be sus- dead of carbon monoxide poi. pects in the Liidke-Wendland be surprised at some sorting — an apparent suicide. cases, died violently, all al- One month later, when Dun- of the interesting leged suicides. lap's wife found sealed pack- opportunities you'll ets of Government documents find in the Careers in the attic of their house, It Behind a ring of three was reported that he was a column. barbed-wire electrified fences Soviet agent. at Fort Meade. Md., is the Col. Thomas Fox, the chief Wednesday in headquarters of America's of counterintelligence of the most secretive Intelligence Defense Intelligence Agency Business Day service — the National Se- at the time of the investiga- Mink Parfait in your copy of curity Agency (N.S.A.). Even tion, explained to me that Dun- though it has more employees lap, a native of Bogalusa, La., ghe and a larger budget than any had been recruited by the Purchase arectly from Varrale furs. other American intelligence K.G.B. while employed at the One of fne agest houses or hakes ciesgn agency, including the C.I.A., N.S.A. cdonnunioations-lnter- ;Nett, nork its existence was classified a motion base at Sinop. Turkey. 363 Seventh Avenue. New Yak. N.Y. secret through moat of the He met Maj. Gen. Garrison B. Entre 20111fIC:a (2121564-0284 1950's. This extraordinary gimes Coverdale, the chief of staff of By Appointment Only Maacrecta cads honored.

The New York Thar Maseeine/Septienber a, ion 101

the N.S.A., who selected him ROBERT KIRK, Ltd. to be his personal driver at N.SA. headquarters at Fort SI f nomni, Boirish Geed, S., Siam 1939 Meade. General Coverdale further arranged for Dunlap to receive top-secret clearance and a position in the N.S.A.'s NORTHERN CATSKILL MOUNTAINS traffic-analysis division. Since PRIVATE HOME and RESORT the general's car had "no in- Handsome five bedroom Colonial, tastefully decorat- spection" status, Dunlap could ed mountain view. Beautiful year round, modern, Comfortable drive off the base with docu- completely furnished resort hotel-motel in prime Sailor's ments hidden in the car and operating condition with well equipped kitchen for then return without anyone restaurant and catering. 24 rooms accommodating Turtleneck Shirt 74 guests. Facilities include: all fixtures, large at- For Men knowing that the material had tractive Cliningroom with impressive fireplace. MP- & Women $12 been removed from the base. room, lounge, conference room, solarium and sitting Moreover, Dunlap appears rooms - all tastefully decorated. Pool with terrace, to have had high-level connec- new tennis court on professionally landscaped country setting. Run by present owners for over 20 tions in the N.S.A. The Carroll years. Resort convenient to skiing. golfing, horse• Report, a secret Defense De- back riding. performing arts and festivals. A short Unbeatable for booting. sports. travel or leisure. our classic riteknit partment document (part of 2,4 hours from New York City. Price 5385,000 In- color's turtleneck shirt of comfortable. ray-care etcetera and Dacron. which I received through a cludes home. Fully cut. with non7sag neck and cuffs. 2-way stretch at shoulder seams for maximum -give,' shape netention and comics. Seam Yon reinforted Freedom of Information Act Brochure 516/921-6507 (By owner) for tear-resistance and long wear. Completely machine washable& dry- request) named after Gen. Jo- Brawn promo. able. Handsome stripes of navy/whit, navy/red or navy/green. Saes seph F. Carroll, who was 5114-14th). M (15-151/21, 1.116-16%), XL(17-17%). asked to Investigate the case, 1 0 Please send cunt/ague. noted that Dunlap had helped Tinet4465S6C/: Size Colour Qty a colonel at the N.S.A. base pil- Check 0 Master Can) 0 Americans Express 0 VISA fer some "expendable items of WE SELL INVESTIENTS TO LIVE IN ("‘"I * Expires Government property" from Slail °viers. Add 51 Ship. and Hdlg. Calif. Delivery Add Sales TUN his office. From this Incident, Name the report deduced, "Dunlap Address had already had experience in Zip circumventing N.S.A. proce- No. 156 Post St.. San Francisco, Calif., 94106 4151 397.7733 dures under relatively high- level tutelage." The implica- tion was that he had expanded his access to secret files by of- fering to help officers appro- SOUTHAMPTON - OCEANFRONT Learn Woodworking priate furniture and other arti- SECLUDED VILLAGE ESTATE cles from their offices. This immaculately maintained six bedroom compound with pool Cabinetmaking • Finishing When General Coverdale left end tennis noun is being offered furnished at 61,300,000. Carving • Picture framing Fort Meade in August 1959, AGAWAM REALTY LTD. Turning • Hand Tools Dunlap was reassigned as a driver to the new N.S.A. chief 67A Jobs Lane New York Office Southampton 14 E. 60th St Suite 610 of staff, General Watlinguin. New York 11968 NY.. NY 10022 The means by which he re- 516/283-9200 212/8685470 ceived this reassignment is not clarified in the Carroll Report, • 42 Ear 32. but, by continuing his chant. For a brochure on clay/evening classes fewing, Dunlap retained ac. EAST HAMPTON TOWNSHIP call (212) 684-3642 cess to the "no inspection" vehicle necessary for smug- OCEANFRONT 5 ACRES gling documents on and off the Vistas of ocean and beach from this magnificent 5 bed- base. room, 415 bath Contemporary designed by, internationally IT GETS YOU The Carroll Report makes it known architect. Luxury guest house. Many fireplaces. clear that Dunlap was interro- Gradual wincing Pain to 450 ft. of ocean beach. One of the INTO gated by N.S.A. investigators finest waterfront homes on the East coast. just before he died. According $1,200,000 WATER to Colonel Fox, the Defense Department investigating PONY FARM REALTY team did not establish any con- 46 MAIN ST., E. HAMPTON, N.Y. 11937 nection between Dunlap and 516/324-5850 the three N.S.A. employees who fled to Moscow. Since four 24 page color cata- K.G.B. moles had been uncov- MADISON, CONN. FREE log of new and tradi- ered in the N.S.A., the agency PRIVACY • VERMONT tional neckwear for all occa- found it necessary to change sions. Open Collar and Four-in- its secret codes, encoding ma- mnr YORK BORDER Hand styles in ,imporled silks, chinery, security procedures Five Bedroom and entire modus operondi. BATH LIFT wools and polyesters. Meticu- Brick Muth Level Home lous tailoring at affordable prices While Dunlap was chauf- • Gently lowers you in not available at retail. Just mail feuring around the N.S.A. On 20 ACRES and lifts you out of the chief of staff at Fort Meade, coupon for the only catalog of Four baths, four fire- bath its kind in the world the K.G.B. developed another • Powered by water, 11T1 MINT DIAIII places, 3 eying rooms. mole at the pinnacle of Ameri- 111Th MODERN ONYEMBRIS bernboard family mom, not electricity can military intelligence - large formal dining room Please send free catalog 0.* MI* * • Lifts up to 300 lbs. Lieut. Col. William Henry Gran, tne Mho ram Scranton with Vermont marble fire- ore. 1720, Is • gran el place. • Ftts all bathtubs Name Whalen. Colonel Whalen, who early American arcane.. In- ws 7s room. • era 7 DAY FREE TRIAL Address had also served in the National ol•c•a, meow woo melon, Brook, trout pond, skiing, Security Agency at Fort raw nna.11on. riding. Magnificent mif- City ynrIng Comma to eel.. end fing. 5275,000 furnished. WHITAKERS Meade, was recruited by the emcees we tea and INDEPENDENCE Slate Zip COMO* in New NW, in Must sell. Offers wel- K.G.B. in 1959 when he worked come. Sensible Isms. FOR THE HANDICAPPED OST Cravats, Inc. DEOLTI in the office of the Joint Chiefs c• 502 W. Lantana Rd ., .P""GRVE''CifilP1/1 Dow.. hoe .Mort VON., WY thin 10709 589 Boston Poet Rd., 518/8544746 row 4294200 15167 772.26. Lantana Fl. 33462 aledieon, Conn. 06443 1212101344. ON 0, MR 1881 4,91 2076 203.248-0016

106 trating the N.S.A. anu timense Department, there is consider- gested that the C.I.A. did not of Staff as intelligence adviser in fact have a good record at to the Army Chief of Staff. able resistance in the intelligence community to confront- quality control. In 1978, for ex- Since Colonel Whalen, as intel- ample, a 23-year-old watch ligence adviser, could demon- ing the possibility that the K.G.B. has used the same officer in the C.I.A. named strate a "need to know," he William Kampiles sold to the had access to virtually all mili- techniques and resources to establish new and undetected K.G.B. a top-secret manual tary planning and national in- explaining the technical telligence estimates. In return moles in American intelligence. In the past year, I at- operations of the KH-11 satel- for money, he regularly sup- lite system that is used over plied secrets to his Soviet case tended a series of conferences on "Intelligence Require- the Soviet Union. When the officer over a three-year C.I.A. investigated, it discov- period — even after he had re- ments for the 1980's," spon- sored by a group of Harvard, ered that there were at least 13 tired from the Army because other missing KH-11 manuals. of a physical disability. Ac- The fact that Kampiles passed cording to his indictment, the Berkeley and Georgetown aca- through all the security proce- highly classified data sold to demics called the Consortium dures and could steal a the K.G.B. included "informa- for the Study of Intelligence. manual — which was never tion pertaining to atomic The participants included, missed — indicated faulty weaponry, missiles, military among others, current and for- "quality control." plans for the defense of Eu- mer officers of the C.I.A., Moreover, it is clear from rope, estimates of compara- F.B.I., Defense Intelligence the cases of moles in the tive military capabilities, Agency, British Secret Serv- N.S.A. and the Defense De- military intelligence reports ice, French Intelligence and partment that the administra- and analyses, information con- Israeli Military Intelligence, tion of polygraph (lie-detec- cerning the retaliation plans as well as a defector from the tor) examinations, which is by the United States Strategic Czech Intelligence Service. called "fluttering" in the Air Command and information During one of these sessions, pertaining to troop move- Dr. William Harris, a consult- ments." He gave away, in ant to the Senate Select Com- C.LA., is not an effective short, a wide range of national mittee on Intelligence with ac- means of detecting disloyalty. secrets available to the Joint cess to top-secret documents, In all the N.S.A. cases, for ex- Chiefs of Staff. (Pleading said that the C.I.A. had to op- ample, the Soviet moles had guilty in 1966 to charges of con- erate on the assumption that it undergone periodic lie-detec- spiring with a Soviet agent to was a "partially penetrated" tor tests without their clandes- divulge national defense docu- intelligence service. He added, tine activities for Soviet intel- ments, Colonel Whalen was "I assume we will never be rid ligence being discovered. sentenced to 15 years in of penetrations." Dr. Harris's matter-of-fact Finally, just as the British prison, and paroled after six statement Secret Service resisted the caused considerable unease years.) idea that it had been infil- among some of the intelli- trated by K.G.B. moles even Through the services of Dun- gence officers present. Was after it had received the in- lap and Whalen, the K.G.B. Dr. Harris actually suggesting criminating documents from succeeded, as one counterin- that there were currently Goleniewski, American intelli- telligence officer puts it, in moles high up in American in- gence services are under- "opening the window" on vir- telligence, asked one former standably reluctant to pursue tually all American intelli- C.I.A. executive. Dr. Harris evidence of a mole. For exam- gence-gathering activities in tactfully responded that the ple, William C. Sullivan, the Soviet bloc. Just as the "penetrations" he had re- C.I.A. was able to ferret out Assistant Director of the ferred to could include nonhu- F.B.I. for Domestic Intelli- K.G.B. moles by tracing the man sources such as micro- documents that Goleniewski phones. gence until 1971, claims that J. Edgar Hoover, the F.B.I. Di- provided from Moscow to their Later, in private, Dr. Harris rector, refused to allow him to source; the K.G.B. could explained to me that he had no move against what he was con- presumably trace the military doubt that the K.G.B. had suc- intelligence reports and analy- vinced was a Soviet mole in the ceeded in placing moles inside F.B.I.'s New York office. In ses that Whalen provided to the C.I.A. He said that even if his autobiography, Sullivan whatever traitors existed in the C.I.A. had the best con- the Soviet intelligence appara- ceivable "quality control" describes how he discovered the leak and, unable to identify tus. During this period, 1958 to procedures to screen its offi- the mole, proposed transfer- 1963, the K.G.B. did in fact cers — which might be "99.8" ' ring, one by one, all personnel succeed in catching the percent successful in detecting out of the suspected section. C.I.A.'s two prize moles in potentially disloyal individu- Hoover replied, "Some smart Moscow, Peter Popov and als — there would still be a newspaperman is bound to Oleg Penkovsky. Both were small number — ".2 percent" find out that we are transfer- executed. — that would slip through. ring people out of the New Since the C.I.A. has processed 0 York office," and flatly re- tens of thousands of officers in jected the request. The source the past 10 years, there might Even in the light of these of the leak had not been re- past Soviet successes in pene- be several hundred potential moved from the office, or fur- recruits. Dr. Harris then sug- ther identified, when Sullivan retired. There is little bureau- cratic incentive for searching for moles: If the search is a failure, it will be viewed as a demoralizing witch hunt; if it is successful, it will completely undercut trust in the past work of the intelligence service. The C.I.A. must eventually come to terms with the possibility that it has a mole problem, if it is to regain confidence in its effectiveness as a clandestine intelligence service. As long as its officers remain vulnerable to being se- duced, bribed or compromised — which is, after all, part of the human condition — the K.G.B. can recruit them either directly or under some "false flag." The C.I.A. must assume that the K.G.B., which has proved itself a first-class intelligence service, will develop moles with access to secrets. Once such an assumption is made, an active counterespi- onage strategy, involving compartmentalization of secrets and "marked-card" tests for locating leaks, can be evolved. If, however, the agency continues to evade the issue, as its critics claim it does, there is little likelihood that American intelligence will be able to do what it is paid to do. ■