4226 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 3 hope you wlll do everything you can to staff of the U.S. Coast Guard Academy as an perils and common democratic princi­ assist the full-time cattlemen. instructor with the grade indicated: ples, grant that our own beloved country Very truly yours, To be lieutenant may take the initiative in extending to WARD CONGER, Member, Bogue Valley Junior Hereford Jimmie D. Woods. one another the overtures of friendship Association. The following-named persons to the grade and fraternity. JARY HANSEN, indicated in the U.S. Coast Guard: May we take the lead in promoting President, Bogue Valley Junior Here­ To be lieutenant commanders the spirit of sympathetic understanding ford Association. and cooperation lest we all drift apart HUGH CHASLEY, Marshall K. Phlllips Robert E. Gardner Kenneth M. Lumsden Clayton W. Collins, and place in jeopardy the very existence Vice President, Bogue Valley Junior of our civil!zation. Heref(YT'd Association. Gordon R. Campbell Jr. Martin F. Groff Ralph G. Isacson Emancipate all the nations from the Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, tomor­ Ronald McClellan Richard D. Mellette spirit of self-interest and that vicious row, when the amendment is before the The following-named persons to the grade scramble for priority and advantage, and Senate, I shall have more to say on this­ indicated in the U.S. Coast Guard: may each accept the challenge to strive subject matter, and I shall insert in the To be lieutenants for that spiritual unity which is a mat­ RECORD more communications that I Harry D. Smith Harold E. Stanley ter of life and death for the world. have received from constituents in my Paul J. Bouchard B1lly R. Mull Fill our own individual mind and heart State who are protesting against the pol­ Daniel C. Mania Leroy W. Peterson with a passionate yearning for that wider icies of the U.S. State Department. Richard H. Hicks Carl W. Snyder, Jr. and deeper experience of mutual regard Robert E. Potts Philip M. Lebet and love which are the only and ultimate Robert E. Dlller Edward A. Walsh pledges ·of peace and prosperity. LEGISLATIVE -PROGRAM FOR COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY May we be partners in putting forth TOMORROW Subject to qualifications provided by law, more heroic effort in behalf of a nobler Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, the the following for permanent appointments social order which is struggling toward to the grades indicated, in the Coast and the light of a new day. Senate will have a very heavy day to­ Geodetic Survey: morrow. I say this for the RECORD, be­ Hear us in the name of our blessed cause we intend, as indicated, to start To be lieutenant commanders Lord whose love is the salvation of our with the Williams of Delaware amend­ Charles K. Townsend Ray E. Moses souls and whose laws are the founda- · ment, to be followed by the amendment Ronald L. Newsom tion of a world order wherein dwelleth of the Senator from North Dakota [Mr. To be lieutenants righteousness and peace. Amen. BURDICK] and myself, and then one or Sigmund R. Petersen Leonard E. Pickens two amendments offered by the Senator J. Rodney Lewis Frederick H. Gramling from Louisiana [Mr. ELLENDER]. Other c. William Hayes Richard B. Fallgren THE JOURNAL Seymour R. Kotler Maurice L. Geiger The Journal of the proceedings of yes­ amendments are pending. Darrell W. Crawford Gerald R. Cichy I am hopeful that tomorrow it may be Arthur L. Moshos Micha-el H. Fleming terday was read and approved. possible to work out an arrangement for Paul. A. Chernoff time to debate on, and then· decide on, the so-called beef import amendment. · To be lieutenants (junior grade) MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT J. Rodney Lewis Leonard E. Pickens It is a very important amendment. Ob­ C. William Hayes Frederick H. Gramling A message in writing from the Presi­ viously, it will bring forth considerable Seymour R. Kotler Richard. B. Fallgren dent of the United States was communi­ discussion. Darrell W. Crawford Maurice L. Geiger cated to the House by Mr. Ratchford, one Arthur L. Moshos Gerald R. Cichy of his secretaries, who also informed the RECESS TO 11 A.M. TOMORROW Paul A. Chernoff Michael H. Fleming House that on the following dates the To be ensigns President approved and signed bills of Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, Woodrow E. Bliss, Jr. PhUlip C. Johnson the House of the following titles: with that notice, I now move that under David L. Hough Rodger K. Woodruff the previous order, the Senate stand in On February 20, 1964: To be lieutenant commanders H.R. 5945. An act to establish a United recess until 11 a.m. tomorrow. States-Puerto Rico Commission on the The motion was agreed to; and , 1964: good; seek peace and pursue it. H.R. 1723. An act for the relief of Agnese U.S. COAST GUARD Almighty God, in these days of crisis, Brienza; The !allowing-named persons to be a mem­ when peaceloving nations are being H.R. 1886. An act for the relief of Valeriano ber of the permanent commissioned teaching drawn tog~ther by common devastating T. Ebreo; 196.1,. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 4227 H.R. 4284. An act for the reltef of Chry­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to fishing industry in the State of Wash­ santhos Kyriakou; the request of the gentleman from Ohio? ington. These Indians claim they are H.R. 4682. An act for the reltef of Mr. and There was no objection. losing their treaty rights which guaran­ Mrs. Fred T. Winfield; H.R. 5144. An act for the relief of Doyle A. Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, I be­ teed them their right to fish in their Ballou; · , lieve one of the pressing demands of our "usual and accustomed places." There­ H.R. 5617. An act for the relief of Eltzabeth day is to thoroughly investigate the fore, they have said they can fish any Renee Louise Gabrielle Huffer; State Department. In a copyrighted place they want to in the State of Wash­ H.R. 5982. An act for the relief of Pasquale story under the banner headline "U.S. ington with any kind of gear .they want Fiorica; Secret Agencies Penetrated by Reds,'' Guy at any time they want to; but what they H.R. 6092. An act for the relief of Alexan­ Richards of the New York Journal­ fail to state is that the phrase that fol­ derHaytko; -American has presented a strong indict- H.R. 6313. An act for the reltef of Stanislaw lows is, "in common with all others." Kuryj; ment of the security policies of the Cen­ The Supreme Court of the United States H.R. 6320. An act for the relief of Walter L. tral Intelligence Agency and the State held that any state has the right to Mathews and others; Department. In talking with Mr. Rich­ regulate the time and method of taking H.R. 6477. An act for the reltef of Captain ards, I am convinced that he has pains­ fish, and so has the Supreme Court of the Otis R. Bowles; takingly investigated this situation and State of Washington. We are living up H.R. 6591. An act for the reltef of Constan­ has presented a factual account. He to our treaty obligation under the Point tine Theothoropoulos; has done a great service to the American Elliott Treaty of 1854. There are only a H.R. 7235. An act to amend sections 671 people by exposing the valuable testi­ and 672 of title 28, United States Code, relat­ few Indians who are doing this out-of­ ing to the clerk and the marshal of the mony which has been offered by Michal season, illegal-gear fishing, and I want Supreme Court; Goleniewski, a defector from the Soviet to commend those 99 percent of the In­ H.R. 7347. An act for the relief of Teresa Secret Police, information which, it ap­ dians in the State of Washington who Elliopoulos and Anastasia Elliopoulos; pears, the State Department has sought believe in the conservation of our sports H.R. 7821. An act for the relief of Wlady­ to deprecate in the past. It is time for fishery. slawa Pytlak Jarosz; the Congress to step in and investigate H.R. 8085. An act for the relief of Roy W. the State Department. Ficken; As could be expected, the Washington SUBCOMMITTEE ON IRRIGATION H.R. 8322. An act for the reltef of John Post gave the administration's view on AND RECLAMATION, COMMITTEE George Kostantoyannis; and AND AF­ H.R. 8507. An act for the relief of certain the former KGB official's information in ON INTERIOR INSULAR medical and dental officers of the Air Force. a terse paragraph: FAIRS The message also announced that the It was learned on highest authority, how­ Mr. ROGERS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, Senate had passed, with amendments in ever, that the newspaper account was con­ I ask unanimous consent that the Sub­ sidered hot only inaccurate, but inconsist­ committee on Irrigation and Reclama­ which the concurrence of the House is ent with information Goleniewski has pro­ requested, bills of the House of the fol­ vided American officials. tion of the Committee on Interior and lowing titles: Insular Affairs may be permitted to sit What is the truth in this matter? The during general debate this afternoon. H.R. 950. An act to amend the Internal Security Act or' 1950; and American people deserve to know and, The SPEAKER. Is there objection to H.R. 7533. An act for the relief of De­ judged by the past record of the State the request of the gentleman from metrios Dousopoulos. Department, we·will never learn the truth Texas? from them. Only the Congress can bring There was no objection. The message also announced that the out the truth- in this matter and it is Senate had passed bills of the following imperative that we do so immediately. titles, in which the concurrence of the On November 27, 1963, I introduced THE LATE BELOVED SUSAN House is requested: House Joint Resolution 812, which called EDWARDS WAGNER s. 473. An act for the reltef of Miss for a thorough investigation of the State Mr. RYAN of New York. Mr. Speaker, Wladyslawa Kowalczyk; Department. I suggest that we need S. 1237. An act for the relief of Kaloyan I ask unanimous consent to address the D. Kaloyanoff; ' this investigation more than ever before, House for 1 minute and to revise and S. 1525. An act for the relief of Mrs. Kayo particularly in view of our fumbling for­ extend my remarks. Fujimoto Howard; eign policy around and the world and The SPEAKER. Is there objection to S. 1597. An act for the reltef of Jultano the revelations of Michal Goleniewski. the request of the gentleman from New Barboza Amado and Manuel Socorro Bar- York? boza Amado; There was no objection. s. 1684. An act for the reltef of Fotlni INDIAN FISHING RIGHTS Dlmantopoulou; Mr. RYAN of New York. Mr. Speak­ s. 1966. An act for the relief of Glenda Mr. WESTLAND. Mr. Speaker, I ask er, today is a sad day for the city or Williams; unanimous consent to address the House New York. . The beloved. first lady of s. 1978. An act for the relief of Lillian P. for 1 minute and to revise and extend our city, Susan Edwards Wagner, died Johnson; my remarks. yesterday at the age of 54. Gentle and s. 1982. An act for the reltef of Francesco The SPEAKER. Is there objection charming, devoted wife and mother, Mira; f h tl f s. 1985. An act for the relief of Giuseppe to the request o t e gen eman rom Mrs. Wagner in her own right made a cacciani; Washington? monumental contribution to the life of s. 1986. An act for the relief of Hattie Lu; There was no objection. our city. As the hostess of Gracie and Mr. WESTLAND. Mr. Speaker, on the Mansion, Mrs. Wagner will long be re­ s. 2455 ... .An act to amend further the Peace Today show this morning there was quite membered by all who met her as a most Corps Act' (75 Stat. 612), as amended. a bit of discussion concerning a march gr.acious and considerate person. In The message also announced that the of some Indians on the capital of the addition to her other activities, Mrs. President pro tempore, pursuant to 49 · State of Washington, Olympia. There Wagner generously gave of her time to Stat. 425, as amended by Public Law 85- were also some comment about a fellow many charitable pursuits. She served 474, had designated the following dele- named Marlon Brando who was accom..: on the board of directors of the Greater gates to the Interparliamentary Union panying these Indians to help them in New York Councils, the Boy Scouts of Conference to be held in Lucerne, their fight for their fishing rights. Mr. America, the Girl Scouts, Lenox Hill Switzerland, from March 30 -through Brando went out with a gill net, threw Neighborhood Association, the Leake April 5, 1964·: Mr. . SPARKMAN, Mr.· MON- it across a river and caught a couple of and Watts Home and the Carroll Club. RONEY, and Mr. ALLOTT. _steelhead trout, which is a game fish. I know that I express the feeling of all He caught them out of season and caught my constituents and all citizenS ~of New them with illegal gear. He was appre­ York in offering my heartfelt sympathy ARTICLE CHARGES' U.S. AGENCIES hended and then turned loose. If it had to Mayor Wagner and his two sons. Rob­ PENETRATED BY REDS been anybody · else, he would have been ert and Duncan. This morning's · New Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, I ask in jail and stayed there, where he should York Times editorial expresses our pro­ unanimous consent to address the House be. Mr. Brando may be a great actor, found sorrow at th.e loss of Mrs. ·wag­ for 1 minute. but he does not know a thing about the ner and the gratitude we feel for the. 4228 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 9 years during which she was New York She is in bed at Gracie Mansion. She is com­ all just go about your normal day you'll make City's first lady. At this point in the fortable with oxygen and sedatives." it easier for all of us." Then the small Shortly afterward Mrs. Wagner was dead. crowds would disperse. RECORD I wish to include the New York SMOKED CIGARETTES From time to. time a limousine bearing Times editorial and also the news article some official or friend of the family would which appeared in today's New York She was a cigarette smoker. According to draw up and the gates would open. Times. friends, at the time of her diagnosis last year the mayor. also a smoker, began to use a STRIVED FOR PRIVATE LIFE [From the New York Times, Mar. 3, 1964] cigarette holder. A tall, attractive blonde with Ught blue SUSAN EDWARDS WAGNER Shortly before Mrs. Wagner died the mayor eyes, Mrs. Wagner tried to draw a clear line Mllllons who never knew her wlll join received a telephone call from President between the public and private lives of the Mayor Wagner in sorrow at the untimely Johnson. The President expressed his ..and W a.gners. But it wasn •t easy. . passing of his wife. The relatively few who Mrs. Johnson's sympathy and said he was Not long after she moved into Gracie Man­ knew her personally will mourn her as a prepared "to do anything in the world" to sion, the mayor's omclal residence, she said charming, attractive woman; a devoted wife help him. in one of her few public statements that her and mother. But for every one of these An earlier message from President Johnson job was "to lessen the strain and provide - there are thousands whose only acquaintance gave the publlc an inkling that Mrs. Wagner more leisure time" for her husband. with her was through news photographs and might be seriously ill. This came in January She also believed, and said, that the lovely stories about her activities as First Lady of when the President sent Mrs. Wagner a tele­ white mansion overlooking the East River at New York. Thefie duties she discharged with gram while she was at St. Luke's Hospital. 88th Street belonged to the people of New tact and warmth. Mayor Wagner had curtailed his public York. She threw it open to charitable phil­ A gracious hostess, she was content to re­ schedule considerably in recent weeks to be anthropic and civic groups. Tours of school­ main in the background when politics en­ with his wife, who had been bedridden for children and other groups were allowed, tered. Her loss is a hard blow to an already about a month. In recent weeks the mayor and sometimes she was the guide. heavily burdened man. We hope that the also had asked several groups to pray for Except for the summer months, the re­ Mayor will take some comfort from the my wife, without disclosing the nature of ·ceptions, teas, and lunches averaged four a knowledge that a multitude will share his her illness. · week. Mrs. Wagner, honorary chairman or sorrow. May time assuage his grief and Friends said that their two sons, Robert vice chairman of many fu.:draising cam­ leave him with many happy memories. F., Ill, 20, a junior at Harvard College, and paigns, was a gracious hostess. Visitors were Duncan Edwards, 17, a student at Kents Hill asked to avoid fundraislng In the mansion (From the New York Times, Mar. 3, 1964) School in Maine, had not been told the ex­ .and to restrict themselves to the ground fioor. Mas. WAGNER DIES; CITY LoWERS FLAGS tent of their mother•s illness until after LIVING QUARTERS INVADED their recent school examinations. (By David Halbersta.m) Political associates also noted that in re­ This restriction was often ignored. Mrs. Robert F. Wagner, wife of the mayor, cent weeks the mayor had taken to reminis­ Curious vlsitors would amble upstairs, died yesterday of lung cancer. She was 54 cing frequently about things he and Susan where the f~ly ltving quarters are, and years old. . had done in earller years. Normally, these walk into the bedrooms or poke through She had been ill for nearly a year, but the associates said, the mayor was more rese.rved cabinets. seriousness of her illness had been one of this about his personal llfe and had referred to "Sometimes I have to get dressed in a city's best kept secrets. his wife as Mrs. Wagner. closet," Mrs. Wagner once remarked. One woman got stuck in a broom closet She died at 12:35 p.m. in Gracie Mansion, LEADERS PAY TRIBUTE the mayor's residence. J{er husband and and had to be extricated. two sons were with her at the time. Flags In addition to President Johnson many One afternoon when the mayor was shav­ at the mansion and throughout the city im­ other National, State, .and city figures paid ing in preparation for an evening out, he mediately were lowered to half statf. tribute to Mrs. Wagner. Governor Rocke­ was sta.rtled to see refiected in his mirror a The body was taken to the Frank E. Camp­ feller told a news conference that this was group of giggling women peering in from the bell funeral home at Madison Avenue and "one of the saddest days for all New Yorkers bedroom. 8lst Street, where the public will be admitted that we have had in a long, long time." He Then there were the souvenir hunters who today. also called the mayor to otfer his sympathy. lifted cigarette lighters, ashtrays, combs, A funeral service will be held at 11 a.m. Adlai E. Stevenson, the U.S. representative brushes, hand mirrors, Mrs. Wagner's Up­ Thursday at the Madison Avenue Presby­ to United Nations, said: "Susan Wagner sticks, and the mayor's pipes. terian Church, 921 Madison Avenue. The was an old and beloved friend and I am Mrs. Wagner couldn't understand how peo­ Reverend David H. C. Read, pastor of the deeply grieved, for she was loved by all who ple could behave like that, but in her church, will officiate. Burial will be in the knew her." pleasant, good-natured way she laughed it Wagner family plot in Old Calvary Cemetery, Senator KENNETH B. KEATING, Republican, otf as one of the hazards of being Mrs. Long Island Qity. Queens. of New York, said: "Although words are MAyor. · Sources saiq. that the family hoped to tragically inadequate,. I express my deepest Other hazards had political overtones. In open the funeral to the public, but that no sympathy to the mayor and to the fine 1960 during the mayor's second term, final decision had been made yet. sons of Susan Wagner. She was a dedicated charges were made that the food b1lls at the soul who had thousands and thousands of mansion were excessive. A study showed Old Calvary is a Roman Cathollc cemetery. friends." they sometimes exceeded $2,000 a month, not Mrs. Wagner, a · Presbyterl.an, specifically Friends said that the mayor and his sons including the bills for omcial functions. had asked to be burled in the Wagner family spent last night In a midtown hotel. · It also showed that numy unauthorized plot there. The mayor asked the public not ·to send snacks-and even meals--were dispensed to DIAGNOSED LAST MAY ·fiowers. He suggested that donations be visitprs. The mayor's solution was to direct City Council President Paul R. Screvane made to charities instead. Park Commissioner Newbold Morris to take and Deputy Mayor Edward F. Cavanagh, Jr., Mrs. Wagner's mother, Mrs. Duncan Ed­ over su:;>ervision of the purchases from the who were at Gracie Manslcm at the time of wards, was also at Gracie Mansion when Mrs. household sta.tf. Mrs. Wagner's death, ordered flags in the Wagner died. The mayor, incidentally, reimburses the city to be flown at half-statf for 30 days. About an hour after .Mrs. Wagner~s death, city at the rate of $160 a month for th.e The lung cancer was diagnosed last May the mayor, his two wns, and his mother-in­ family meals. during a checkup at St. Luke's Hospital. The law went to St. Joseph's Church, 404 East ENTERTAINED NOTABLES 87th Street, where the mayor worships. Mr. cancer was already far advanced, and since As Mrs. Mayor, Mrs. Wagner W!UI hostess, then there had been repeated medical treat­ Screvane and· Mr. Cavanagh also went to too, to statesmen, diplomats, politicians, and ments, including the use of cobalt radiation. St. Joseph's. their wives. Prince Phlllp, the Duke of Edin­ Mrs. Wagner's condition took a turn for They later returned to Gracie Mansion. burgh; Mrs. Nikita Khrushchev, Mrs. Charles the worse over the weekend. Yesterday Nearby mothers walking their chlldren on de Gaulle, Queen Sirkit of Thailand, and morning an aid to the mayor disclosed that the unusually warm March day noticed pho­ dozens of other notables were entertained by her lllness was critical and that she was not tographers outside the gate and gradUally her. · expected to llve through the day. small crowds began to gather. One of those who remembered Mrs. A medical bulletin issued by Dr. Wllllain Most persons appeared stunned by the Wagner's hospitality fondly was President S. Norton, a family physician, yesterday news of Mrs. Wagner's death. Few knew Joh~son. In ~ "get well" message in Janu­ morning said: she had been ill. ' ary, he said that when he heard she was "Mrs. Wagner is critically ill With advanced "But she was so young," one woman said. in the hospital, he thought about "the long bronchogenic carcinoma. The diagnosis was From time to time Capt. Pierce Meagher hours you spent in being hospitable to me made from a chest X-ray and cervical lymph of the East 104th Street stationhouse would . and mine in 1960." · node biopsy in May 1963. In spite of full come over and talk to the crowd. "I realize I was one of those who probably doses of cobalt radiation chemotherapy and "Folks," he would say, "Mrs. Wagner died contributed to asking you to do too much," every other medical course, it has not been earlier this afternoon. Her body has been he wrote. "Lady Bird joins me J.ri praying possible to keep the cancer under control. removed. There 1s nothing here. If you'll tha~ you will be out of the hospit:a.I and well 1961,. . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 4229 very quickly. We Walllt you to know we love A better-than-average golfer, Mrs. Wagner The SPEAKER. Is there··objeetion to you very much." could be found on the links With her hus­ the request of the gentleman from New Mrs. Wagner left speechmaking to the band whenever they found time. York? · mayor. One speaker in a family was enough She accompanied him on travels across the she used to say. Mrs. Wagner was not fond United States, through Europe, the Near East There was nQ objection. · of the dinner circuit that is an inevitable and~ South America. ·In 1963 she made a Mr. LINDSAY. Mr. Speaker, I should part of every successful politician's life, but quick flight to Paris With the mayor to bring like to thank the gentlemen who have she went to functions when "Wag," as she Robert home after he had undergone an just spoken on the· passing of the late called her husband,. thought she should at­ emergency operation for a ruptured ap­ Mrs. Robert -~Wagner. ·· As the Repre­ tend. pendix. sentative iri Congress of the mayor of the · "Wh81tever Wag wants," she would tell Mrs. Wagner's favorite color was light blue, city hall aides who inquired about her plans. and she used it extensively in redecorating city of New York ~nd Mrs. Wagner, and In January, when Mrs. Wagp.er made her Gracie Mansion. She was looking forward the Wagner family, 'I should like to ex­ last public appearance at a Gracie Mansion with much pleasure to the proposed $250,000 press my heartfelt ·sympathy to all of ceremony, she was reminded that the Mayor improvement of the mansion. She thought them on their tragic loss. As a member was being mentioned as a candidate for -Sena­ that With the added space to be provided by of the opposition party I have been crit­ tor or Vice President. · She was asked how . a new Wing the Wagners might have a little ical from time to time of some of the she would like living in Washington. more privacy. · mayor's policies and programs. How- · "That is up to my husband," she said. An honorary member of many charitable ever, there has· never been any personal She added that she was leaving all the fam­ organizations, she was on . the board of di­ consideration·involved in that opposition. ily's political decisions to him. . r~ctors of. the Greater New York Councils, During the Mayor's campaigns Mrs. Wag­ tne Boy Scouts of America, the Girl Scouts, I have always had the highest personal ner accompanied him on handshaking and Lenox Hill Neighborhood Association, the regard for the mayor ~nd for his family. speaking tours but remained as much as pos­ Leake and Watts Home, and the Carroll Mrs. Wagner and the mayor were sible in the background. Club. married for, I believe, 22 happy years. Her friends agree that she was essentially They have a wondeiful family. Mrs. shy but a warm, friendly person. Miss Bert Wagner was a lovely person. Th~ sad­ Greene, the secretary who helped With her THE LATE SUSAN EDWARDS . appointments and mall, said she was "kind, WAGNER ness that .this loss brings to the m_ayor is shared . by the people of the city of considerate, appreciative, thoughtful--every­ Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I thing that goes to make a fine human being." New York. "A good sport," was the way one friend de­ ask unanimous consent to address the . As the Representative in ·the House of scribed her. House for 1 minute and to revise and Representatives of the Wagner family, The former Susan Edwards was acquainted extend my remarks. . I should like to express on the fioor of early in life with a busy household. She The SPEAKER. Is there objection this House my sorrow, and that of the was born In Greenwich, COnn., on August 31, to the request of the gentleman from people I represent, in this personal trag­ 1909, one of six daughters and four sons of Massachusetts? edy that has befallen the mayor, his Duncan Edwards, a New York lawyer, and There was no objection. sons, and all of the family. his wife, Susan. · Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I She attended Rosemary Hall in Green­ know I speak the sentiments of all of GENERAL LEAVE TO EXTEND Wich and studied at Smith College, for 2 my colleagues when I express our deep Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I years. It was through her brother, Duncan Edwards Jr., that Susan met his Yale law sympathy at the passing of Mrs. Susan ask unanimous consent that all Mem­ school classmate, Robert F. Wagner _Jr._ . .' Wagner, the wife of our distinguished bers desiring to do so be permitted to friend and the outstanding mayor of the extend their remarks at this point in MARRIED IN 194 2 city of New York, Hon. Robert Wagner. the RECORD on the death of Mrs. Wagner . An occasional date in 1937 led to their Mrs. Wagner· was loved universally. and that Members may have 5legislative marriage 5 years later on St. Valentine's Day. Miss Edwards, a: Presbyterian, and Mr. Wag­ Her sweet character, her kind disposi­ days to so extend their remarks in the ner. a Roman Cathollc, were married in the tion, her beautiful outlook on life im­ body of the RECORD. rectory of St. Patricks' Cathedral. The date pressed not only those who knew her The SPEAKER pro tempore New York City, Susan in the Social Register after thi:dr marriage­ the distinguished mayor of New York Wagner eschewed personal publicity and but she avoided the social whirl in which City. adulation; but her excellent philan­ she, as the city's First Lady, was so eagerly Mrs. Wagner was a Christian lady .of thropic works in a self -e1facing manner, sought. Instead she. placed e~phasis on charm and character, a loving wife and particularly in Europe and Latin Amer­ home life. mother. Her husband has occupied for One of ..her main concerns after her hus­ ica, brought her official recognition in band became mayor was to try to keep her · several years one of the most important the form of decorations by the European two young sons from being spoiled. To the positions in the world, the chief execu­ governments of Austria, Italy, and best of her ab111ty she kept them out of the tive of the world's first city. I join the France, as well as by-Mexico and Nicara­ spotlight. Speaker and ·others in extending my gua in this hemisphere. Shortly after they moved into Gracie Man­ heartfelt sympathy to the mayor and Her,fp~rsonal life was dedicated and sion, Mrs. Wagner sealed oft one of ~uncan's his two sons in this time of their be­ devoted to her husband and children. favorite playthings, the mansion's automatic reavement.· As the wife of the mayor· of New York elevator, and turned the shaft into closet City, she graced the city's executive man­ space. sion in her capacity as omcial hostess Mrs. Wagner escaped some of the hutly .THE LATE MRS. ROBERT WAGNER burly of politics and oftlcial life· by spending for more than 10 years during which. she the summers at the family's home in Islip, Mr. LINDSAY. Mr. Speaker, ·I ask prov1ded innumerabie opportunities to Long Island. There the ~agners swam a unanimous consent to address the-House the people of New York to utilize Gracie. ~eat deal and sailed their 32-foot. boat, the for 1 minute and to revise and extend Mansion for the furtherance of worthy SooToo. my remarks. causes. 4230 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 8 Mayor Wagner and his wife had 22 outstanding contributions to our city and in his office, but with some knowledge of brief years together after their wedding State of New York. this Department, it is my opinion that he in the early days of World War II while My deepest sympathy is extended to has been caught in the middle of the con­ he was on active duty in the Army Air Mayor Wagner and their sons, Robert and troversy without having participated in Corps. They shared together his polit­ Duncan. Mrs. Wagner was a great lady, the decisions which make the situation ical struggles and successes and she a wonderful wife and mother. Her hus­ so objectionable. I mention Mr. Carver never tired of trying .to relieve him of band and sons have suffered a grievous only because his name is the only one the burdens of political life. loss; our thoughts and prayers are with injected by the press. Susan Wagner will be sorely missed by them in this time of grief and sorrow. I believe criticism of Department ac­ her husband and sons and by· the people Mr. MURPHY of New ·York. Mr. tion is legitimate when someone has fired of New York. My sympathy goes to the Speaker, it is my sad privilege to join in Mr. Benitez for obvious good reason, only mayor and his sons. · - this tribute to the memory of Mrs. Robert to hide him away as a consultant at ap­ Mr. ADDABBO. Mr. Speaker, p.ll of us F. Wagner. proximately the same salary he received are saddened at the untimely death of This wonderful first lady of the city as a titled official of the administration. the First Lady of New York City, Mrs. of New York was a shining example of His connection should be completely Robert F. Wagner. Our sympathies and graciousness in all she did. Hers was severed. condolences go out to her husband, the not an easy task in trying at all times to mayor of the city of New York, and their draw the line between the public and NO PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL sons, Robert and Duncan. private lives of the Wagners. In one GAMES ON FRIDAY NIGHT Mrs. Wagner wq.s a true helpmate and of her few public statements she said a wonderful lady-she will be missed by that she felt it was her job to lessen the Mr. RYAN of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, all. It was she who opened Gracie Man­ strain and provide more leisure time for I ask unanimous consent to address the sion to the citizens of New York. The her husband, the mayor. House for 1 minute and to revise and mansion became the scene of many teas Susan Wagner believed that Gracie extend my remarks. and parties in support of charitable, Mansion, the lovely white mansion over­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there civic, and philanthropic benefits. She looking the East River, belonged to all objection to the request of the gentleman won international fame for her work in the people of New York, and she threw from Michigan? ' charitable campaigns and was decorated it open to charitable and civic groups. There was no objection. by Austria, France, Italy, Mexico, and At times she was the guide for tours of Mr. RYAN of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, Nicaragua. schoolchildren and other groups. I would like to commend Commissioner The city of New York has suffered a Mrs. Wagner's death is a real loss and Pete Rozelle of the National Football I join my colleagues in extending my League for favorably reacting to the great loss and we pray that God will com­ protests of high school and college ath­ fort . all those who mourn the passing profound sympathy to Mayor Wagner and his two fine sons. letic associations when it was revealed of Susan Wagner. that the NFL tentatively planned to Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, I wish televise five Friday night football games to join the distinguished gentleman from JOSE BENITEZ AND THE DEPART- next fall. New York [Mr. RYAN] in expressing my MENT OF THE INTERIOR This week, Rozelle announced that no sincere sympathy to· Mayor ··Robert F. National Football League games will be Wagner and the family on the death of Mr. KYL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani- Mrs. Wagner. . mous consent to address the House for televised on Friday night during the 1964 season on a national scale. Her passing was, indeed, a shock to all 1 minute and to revise and extend my Obviously, Friday night is "football of us who knew her as the warm and remarks. night" at ou:r high schools and colleges gracious First Lady of New York. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there across the country. As I made clear on Her life as the helpmate of Mayor objection to the request of the gentleman February 17 in a speech before the Wagner can be an example and an in- from Iowa? House of Representatives, I was opposed ; spiration to the wives of other men in There was no objection. to this proposed television contract be­ . · Sh bl 1 t d h Mr. KYL. Mr. Speaker, Jose Benitez, publ 1c service. e a Y ass s e er Deputy High Commissioner of the Trust tween individual professional clubs and husband in the ceremonial duties ex- a major television network because it pected of the chief executive for the ·Territory of Micronesia resigned his post would seriously affect attendance rec­ world's largest city, while devoting her- on Monday last. According to Depart­ ords at amateur school games. self wholeheartedly to providing a nor- . ment of the Interior officials, he was given Had this TV deal been contracted, mal home life for the Wagner children. a choice of returning to the trust territory there would have been a violation of the My wife joins me in this expression of or resigning and he chose the latter al­ spirit of the Federal law protecting col­ condolence .. May Mayor Wagner and ternative. lege and high school games from pro­ the children take comfort in the know!- For an extended period, Mr. Benitez fessional competition. edge that God has chosen her to be was engaged in political pursuits in the Rozelle's sportsmanlike decision wni among His very own. United States rather than working at the enable the colleges and high schools to Mr. GILBERT. Mr. Speaker, the trag- job for which he was hired. If this successfully continue .all athletic pro­ ic death of Mrs. ·Robert F. Wagner, wife course of action was not stimulated or at grams which exist ori revenue from of the mayor of the city of New York, least condoned by the Department, he football receipts, to continue sending the has brought great sorrow to us. I know would have been removed from his post­ professional clubs well-trained athletes, that I express the sentiments of the peo- tipn before congressional pressure was and to m~ntain a healthy atmosphere ple of the 22d District of New York, my applied. for sports activity on the campus. constituents, when I speak these words. Last ~eek this gentleman was involved susan Wagner was dearly loved, not in the Rules Committee investigation in only by the people of New York City, the other body. At that time, he joked REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF about how he had _p1isled Department THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, b ut by countless persons in countries officials and the press and indicated ab­ throughout the world. She was noted .EDUCATION, AND WELFARE ON for her active work in many charitable solutely no pangs of conscience for his STATE AGENCY RESPONSffiiLITY lack of industry or integrity. organizations; she was selfless in ·her Yet, the same Department which fired FOR THE PLACEMENT AND FOS­ devotion to her duties as the First Lady him has now hired him as a consultant at TER CARE OF DEPENDENT CHIL­ of New York City; her concern for others rates of about $65 per day. The admin­ DREN-MESSAGE FROM THE was genuine and ·sincere. As first .lady istration, thus, has rewarded him for his PRESI.DENT OF THE UNITED and hostess of Gracie Mansion, her· hos- wayward behavior and has mocked the STATES

1961, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 4231 To the Congress ot the United States: Mr. BURKE. Mr. Speaker, it is my deep personal sorrow to Mrs. McCormack I am sending you a copy of the report sad duty to announce the death of Mrs. and to me, who were privileged to know of the Secretary of Health, Education, Kay Furcolo, wife of former Gov. Foster her well, as well as to many people whose and Welfare, dealing with the matter of Furcolo, of Massachusetts. Mrs. Furcolo lives she touched and cheered more State agency responsibility for the place­ d 'ed last Friday night at the Massachu­ briefly. Kathryn Foran Furcolo, the ment and foster car.e. of dependent chil­ setts General Hospital. Mrs. Furcolo wife of a man of outstanding gifts, dren. This is in accordance with sec­ had been plagued by illness since 1958, sympathies, and achievements, brought tion 155 of the Public Welfare Amend­ when she entered the Phillips House of to their partnership a strength of chA-r­ ments of 1962, as amended. the Massachusetts General Hospital for acter, a warmth of affection, and a LYNDON B. JOHNSON. what was termed as minor surgery. In breadth of vision to match his own. In THE WHITE HOUSE, March 3, 1964. recent years, because of illness Mrs. Fur­ his career as lawyer, as Member of Con­ colo had to curtail her many philan- gress, as Treasurer of the Commonwealth thropic activities. . of Massachusetts, and as Governor of PRIVATE CALENDAR Mrs. Furcolo was one of the best known Massachusetts, Foster Furcolo was aided The SPEAKER. This is Private Cal­ women in Massachusetts. When her and sustained by her intelligent com­ endar day. The Clerk will call the first husband was Governor and during his radeship, her charm and tact, and her individual bill on the Private Calendar. term as Congressman she was with him devoted love. at countless functions and was always Kathryn Furcolo, outstanding as the at his side. Her loyalty and devotion to resourceful wife of a public man, and OU~ET STORES. INC. her beloved husband and their five chil­ outstanding also as the mother of their The Clerk called the bill

4232 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 3 providence to grant her : husband and and highly esteemed for her very extensive men's groups. . Over the years she became ; . children the grace of understanding and and valuable participation in a large number a fam111ar sight to. politioal reporters who of worthwhile civic welfare and general met her often during her campaigning "for resignation to the will of the Almighty in humanitarian organizations. Mr. Furcolo. calling a wonderful wife and mother to. She was an active leader in many impor­ Mrs. Furcolo was appointed as manager of her Heavenly reward. · · tant fund..:ralsing drives, such as those for the Massaehusetts Eye and Ear Infinnary in Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr; Speaker, I join· polio, cystic fibrosis, mental health, mus­ Boston, an unpaid oftlce, in 1959. She was my esteemed ·colleague, the gentleman cular dystrophy and retarded children, as reappointed last year by Gov. Endicott~~­ from Massachusetts [Mr. BURKE] in ex­ well as campaigns !or many other causes of body. tending heartfelt condolences to· Gov. general community value. She also was designated as chief li.a.ison Foster Furcolo on the untimely death of In recognition of her exceptional endeav­ agent between the Governor's office and vari­ ors on behalf of humanity, typifying the ous hospitals, schools, and other institutions his belov~ wife. . . finest kind· of Catholic lay leader, Mrs. Fur­ throughout the Commonwealth. The work Because Foster was also a member of colo received !rom the late Pope John XXIII, involved all institutions, public and private. the "freshman class" in the ·a1st Con­ in 1959, the exceptionally high honor of be­ The post was created primarily to provide gress, my wife and. I came-to know him ing named as a Lady of the Equestrian Order the Governor's office with a more complete and Mrs. Furcolo rather well. We al­ of the Knights .of the Holy Sepulcher, one of and unbiased report on prevailing conditions ways found her to be a most gracious the highest of the papal orders. than would otherwise be possible. and kindly woman. In addition to being a very valuable leader Mrs. Furcolo, in 1960, also was confirmed Mrs.: Furcolo possessed a warm per­ in good causes, Mrs. Furcolo was a true lady, as a member of the board of trustees of the sonality and an unmistakably feminine ·a devoted wife and mother, honored andre­ University of Massachusetts. spected by all who knew her. Friends said she was a versa tile person of charm. She devoted herself tirelessly to many talents, equally at home in her kitchen those tasks which lessened the strains of [From the Springfield (Mass.) Union, preparing meals for her family or attending office upon her husband as be served in Feb. 29, 1964] State functions. Although the Furcolos have Congress and as Governor of Massachu- FORMER GOVERNOR ·FtfRCOLO'S WD'E, 51, occupied an impressive English tudor man­ setts. . VIcTillot: or 'CANCER sion in Newton since the days he was Gov­ May it be of some consolation to Gov­ ernor, Mrs. Furcolo never lost her interest Mrs. Kathryn (Foran) Furcolo, wife of in her wide circle of Springfield and Long­ ernor Furcolo and the family to know former Gov. Foster Furcolo of Massachu­ that she has gone to a well-deserved rest . meadow friends. setts, died in Massachusetts General Hos­ Her husband and her five children were in the bosom of the Almighty. Mrs. pital Friday nlght after a long series of her particular pride. She leav·es Mark, 22, Zablocki joins me in this expression. of operationa t~a t spanned 6 years. ·Death was a senior at Yale; David, 20, a junior at -Holy sincere sympathy. · attributed to cancer of the bone. She Cross; Foster, Junior, a freshman at Yale; Mr. BOLAND. Mr. Speaker, it is in­ was 51. · Hope, 12, and Richard, 9. deed sad for me to inform my colleagues HOME FOR CHRISTMAS She also lea',!es two sisters, Mrs. Eleanor in the House of the death of a gracious Although she was taken to her home at 45 · McGuire of Branford, Conn., and Mrs. John Tudor Road, Newton, !or the Christmas holi­ Conway of New Haven. Her mother, Mrs. lady, Mrs. Kathryn Furcolo, the beloved ·day, friends reported that it was quite evi­ wife of my predecessor in Congress, and Catherine A. McGuinness, died in 1961 in dent at that time Mrs: Furcolo had not long Middletown, Conn. 1..· former Governor of the Commonwealth to live. . · of Massachusetts, Foster Furcolo. Mrs. As wife of the Congressman !rom the Sec­ Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, I want to Furcolo passed away Friday night, after ond Congressional District, Mrs. Furcolo join members of the Massachusetts dele­ a long illness, at the Phillips House of the thoroughly enjoyed her life in Washington gation and other colleagues who have Massachusetts General Hospital, in Bos­ from 1949 to 1952 and was an active member risen to pay tribute to the memory of ton, and funeral services were held this of the 81st Congress Women's Group, among the late Kathryn Furcolo, wife of the other things. morning following solemn requiem mass former Congressman and Governor, who in St. Ignatius Church; Newton. When Mr. · Furcolo became governor in 1958 she became even more active in various died recently in Boston after a long and The. mother of five lovely children, Kay hospital and charity drives and social affairs, tragic illness. Furcolo found abundant time to be of yet she still found time in her busy 16-hour Mrs. Foster Furcolo was a gracious valuable assistance to her husband in day for her family of five children. and charming lady. . political campaigns and while he served HONORED BY POPE She was a gifted human being who in the 81st and 82d Congresses, as State As a result of her valuable work in fund­ gave unsparingly of her time and talent treasurer of Massachusetts from 1952 un­ raising campaigns, including the drive for for a number of worthy causes. Among til January 1955, and as the First Lady polio, cystic fibrosis, mental health, mus­ these were activities in behalf of the of Massachusetts from Januaz:y 1957 to cular dystrophy and retarded children and mentally retarded, those stricken with January 1961. She gave unsparingly Qf various other community ventures, and the polio, muscular dystrophy, and cystic fi­ her time to a large number of worth­ fact that she was a truly representative Cath­ brosis. while civic, welfare, and humanitarian olic lay leader, she was singled out by the organiZations, and to fundraising drives late Pope John XXIII as a Lady of the At all times, .however, she was a won­ for polio, cystic fibrosis, mel}.tal health, Equestrian Order· of the Knights of the Holy derful mother of five. who viewed her Sepulcher, one · of the highest of the papal omcial responsibilities as part of a wider mu~cular dystrophy and retarded chil- orders. She was formally invested m· the role as. r~ife o{ a · go~ernment official. . dren. i order in September 1959, in colorful cere­ ·, · In recognition of the time and effort She brought sincerity and sense to every­ monies in St. Patrick's Cathedral in New thing she believed in, and one high hon­ and 'devotion she put into these projects York by Francis Cardinal Spellman. ~-·> on behalf of humanity, Mrs. Furcolo wa.S Mrs. Furcolo was born in New Haven in or she received gave indication of th.e named by the late Pope John XXIII as 1912, was graduated from St. l4ary's Academy impact she had. a Lady of the Equestrian Order of the and Hillhouse in New Haven and !rom Elmira She was named as a Lady of the Eques­ Knights of the Holy Sepulcher,. one of College, where she majored in English. She trian Order of the Knights of the Holy the highest of papal honors. met Mr. Furcolo when he was studying law Sepulcher by the late and great Pope at Yale and they were married in 1937. She John the.XXIII. Mr. Speaker, at this time, I want to also studied law 2 years at the Springfield extend my profound sympathy to for­ b:l"anch of Northeastern University. This is one of the highest papal hon­ ors and one that was ce-rtainly deserved. mer Gov. Foster Furcolo and to his chil­ WmELY Kl!JOWN IN AREA dren on the loss of their beloved wife But more than anything else, I remem­ Mr. Furcolo opened. his law practice in and mother. I also ask permission to ber at this time the charm, the personal Springfield a short time la.ter and the ~­ interest, and the devotion of Mrs. Fur­ have included with my remarks an edi­ colos made their home both in Springfield torial from the Springfield Sunday Re­ and Longmeadow for many years untll he culo. I will miss her, and I want to ex­ publican of March 1 on Mrs. Kathryn was ·elected to Congress in 1946. tend my deepest sympathies to her hus­ Furcolo, and the obituary story from the She .beca.m.e widely known ln western band and five children. Springfield Union of February 29: Massachusetts and the rest of the State be­ [From the Springfield (Mass.) Sunday cause she always took a very active role in Republican, Mar. 1, 1964] her husband's political "ea.mpa.igns. An at­ GENERAL LEAVE TO EXTEND tractive, intelligent,.. and affable woman, she REMARKS Mas. · KATHllYN FuacoLo was able to make friends easily and was re­ Mrs. Kathryn (Foran) Furcolo, wife of garded as a tremendous help to Mr. Furcolo. Mr. BURKE. Mr. Speaker, I ask former Gov. Foster Furcolo, who died Pri­ . She conducted many coffee hours through­ unanimous consent that all Members who day after a long 1llneaa, waa widely known out the Sta.te and a4dressed numerous wo- desire to do so may have 5 legislative 1961, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 4233 days in which to extend their remarks in The SPEAKER. Is there · objection posals offered, the Committee on Appro­ the RECORD on the late Mrs. Kay Furcolo. to the request of the gentleman from prtations decided that the budget for the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Kentucky? District of Columbia for fiscal year 1965 the request of the gentleman from There was no objection. should be a balanced budget. For a Massachusetts? The SPEAKER. The question is on number of years now the District of Co- There was no objection. the motion offered by the gentleman . lumbia budget has been delayed for one from Kentucky. reason or another a;nd this delay, of The motion was agreed to. course, caused considerable dimculty in CALL OF THE HOUSE IN THE COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE the administration of the affairs of our Mr. SPRINGER. Mr. Speaker, I make Accordingly, the House resolved itself Capital City. In· all fairness we believe the point of order· that a quorum is not into the Committee of the Whole House that this budget should be approved as present. on the State of the Union for the con­ quickly as possible so that important The SPEAKER. Evidently a quorum sideration of the bill H.R. 10199, with capital outlay projects may start under is not present. Mr. PRICE in the chair. construction. Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I move a The Clerk read the title of the bill. Our committee recommends $26,400,- call of the House. · By unanimous consent, the first read­ 000 for loan authorization for capital A call of the House·was ordered. ing of the bill was dispensed with. outlay projects financed through the The Clerk called the roll, ·and the fol­ The CHAIRMAN. Under the unani­ general funds, highway fund, and sani­ lowing Members failed to answer to their mous-consent agreement the gentleman tary sewerage works fund. names: from Kentucky [Mr. NATCHE;R] will be Of the total amourit recommended of [Roll No. 52] recognized for 1 hour and the gentleman $338,205,200 the sum of $276,954,200 will · Abbitt Hagan, Ga. Murray from Indiana [Mr. WILSON] will be rec­ be used for operating expenses; $5,364,- Ashley Hays O'Brien, Dl. 000 is for repayment of loans and inter­ Ayres Hoeven Osmers ognized for 1 hour. Bass Hoffman Passman The Chair recognizes the gentleman est to the Federal Government and Blatnik Hosmer Philbin from Kentucky [Mr. NATCHER]. $55,887,000 is for capital outlay. Brown, Ohio Hutchinson Powell Our committee recommends the sum Bruce Jarman Rains Mr. NATCHER. Mr. Chairman, I Buckley Johansen Randall yield myself 15 minutes. of $18,677,000 for general operating ex­ Celler Jones, Ala. Rhodes, Ariz. Mr. Chairman, at this time we submit penses. This is an increase of $794,122 C'hel! Kee Roberts, Ala. over the amount appropriated for fiscal Cramer King, Call!. Rosenthal for your approval the annual District of Diggs Kirwan St. Onge Columbia appropriations bill for the fis­ year 1964 and $734,000 less than the Donohue Kluczynski Teague, Calif. cal year 1965. budget estimates. Elllott Laird White For "Public safety" we ~commend the Fulton, Tenn. MacGregor Wickersham It is a distinct pleasure to be permitted Gray Mathias Willis to serve on this subcommittee with the sum of $69,041,000. This is an increase Gurney Meader gentleman from Connecticut [Mr. of $3,069,340 over fiscal year 1964 and a The SPEAKER. On this rollcall 382 GIAIMO l ·, the gentleman from Illinois reduction of $341,500 in the estimates. Members have answered to their names, [Mr. FINNEGAN], the gentleman from During the hearings on the requests for a quorum. Indiana [Mr. WILSON], and the gentle­ "Public safety" we carefully considered By unanimous consent, further pro­ man from New Hampshire [Mr. WY­ all requests for the Metropolitan Police MAN]. All of these gentlemen are out­ Department. We have an excellent Po­ ceedings under the call were dispensed lice Department in our Capital City and with. standing Members of the House and have rendered excellent service as members of the Chief of Police, Robert V. Murray, this subcommittee. has made an outstanding omcial. It is SUBCOMMITTEE ON ADVANCED RE­ We carefully considered budget esti­ with regret that we now are informed SEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY OF mates totaling $357,702,300 for fiscal that before too long Major Murray will 'mE COMMITTEE ON . SCIENCE year 1965. We recommend that the sum retire. Last year a request was made AND ASTRONAUTICS of $338,205,200 be approved. for 100 additional police omcers and 25 The amount recommended- for fiscal man-dog teams. Both requests were Mr. HECHLER. Mr. Speaker, I ask year 1965 is the largest a.Qlount ever granted and this brought the authorized unanimous consent that the Subcommit­ recommended by the House of Repre­ strength of the Police Department up tee on Advanced Research and Technol­ sentatives for the District of Columbia to 3,000 and the man-dog team forces ogy of the House Committee on Science up to 100. and Astronautics be permitted to sit dur­ budget. The amount that we recom­ ing general debate today. mend for fiscal year 1965 is $25,089,538 In 1963 we had 23,194 serious crimes more than the total amount appropri­ committed-,-part I crimes in ~he FBI The SPEAKER. Is there objection to ated for fiscal year 1964 and $19,497,100 classification. For instance, we had 100 the request of the gentleman from West below the 1965 estimates. homicide cases, 142 rape cases, 2,436 Virginia? The District of Columbia is financed robbery cases, and 5,789 house break-in There was no objection. out of five funds: a general fund, a high­ cases. Crime increased 15 percent and way fund, a water fund, a motor vehicle this was quite an increase for the Dis­ parking fund, and a sanitary sewage trict of Columbia. This was not an in­ MAKING APPROPRIATIONS- FOR fund. · crease in any particular category but THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FOR Mr. Chairman, we recommend a Fed­ for crime generally across the board. In THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE eral contribution of $37,500,000 for the this bill we recommend approval of the 30, 1965 . general fund, $2,047,000 for the water request for a police cadet corps. For Mr. NATCHER. Mr. Speaker, I move fund, and $1,173,000 for the sanitary a· number 9f years.now the ~olice depart­ that the House resolve itself into the sewage works fund. The Federal pay­ ment here in our Capital City has for­ Committee of the Whole House on the ment requested for the general fund for mulated plans for such a corps but all State of the Union for the consideration fiscal year 1965 totaled $50 million. proposals were deferred for priority of the bill eo­ the fiscal year ending June 30, 1965, and $16,700;000 of the anticipated revenue to ple who are interested in a police for other purposes; and pending that carry out the proposals, supposes the career soon after· they leave school and motion, ¥r. Speaker, I ask unanimous enactment of legislation increasing taxes before they .are otherwise employed. consent that general · debate -be limited and for action on the part of the Com­ Adoption of this program will improve . to not to exceed 2 hours, the time to be missioners concerning a raise in real the caliber of police recruits and will equally divided .and controlled by the estate tax. This type of a budget, of . make a better police department for the gentleman from Indiana [Mr. WILSON] course, is exceedingly dimcult to resolve District of. Columbia. Recruits· under 1 and myself. and after carefully considering the pro- this program can be used from time to 4234 ·. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 3 time to relieve policemen who are now operation with the Commissioners and ing to the establishment of an officers performing office tasks. department heads with this program training corps and preventative main­ In addition we recommend approval of established in accordance with HEW tenance program which should go a long the request for reallocation of 10 uni­ regulations. Such a community work way toward reestablishing our position . form sergeants to the rank of lieu­ . training program would be designed to For educa·tion we recommend the sum tenants. Approval will then see a police. qualify the participant for employment of $67,910,000. This is an increase of department which has a lieutenant in in the field in which he was trained. $4,049,407 over fiscal year 1964 and are­ charge of each precinct at all times. · Failure of an employed parent recipient duction of $697,000 in the estimates. This would mean that there would be at to accept enrollment in a training pro­ The illiteracy rate in the District has least four lieutenants in each precinct gram or to terminate training without risen during the past 30 years notwith­ and in some precincts there would be five acceptable cause would be deemed standing the fact that illiteracy generally lieutenants. The total precinct lieu­ grounds for termination of benefits. has decreased throughout the rest of the tenants now is 48 and when you consider The unemployed parents program pro­ country. The records of the Census Bu­ days off and sick and annual leave this vided for under Public Law 87-543 is in­ reau show that illiteracy rates for the would cover only 30 tours of duty daily. tended to meet the needs of children of· country generally have declined since In order to cover the 3 tours of duty unemployed fathers-mothers. This the year 1930 but in our Capital City we ~ daily in the 14 precincts daily 42 tours program is now in operation in 16 States. have an increase of from 1.7 to 1.8 in will be required. The increase of 10 Unemployment in the District of Co­ 1950 to 1.9 in 1960. would cover 37 of these tours and the re- . lumbia at this time is estimated to be Problems relating to education are maining tours would be covered during 3.5 percent. Unemployment for the among the more serious in our Capital the daytime by the commanding officer. metropolitan area is estimated to be 2.4 City today. We continue to have 34 per­ In a number of instances sergeants who percent.· cent of our teachers in the temporary have been in charge do not have the For parks and recreation we recom­ category. Temporary teachers are those experience necessary to meet emergen­ mend the sum of $9,769,000. This is an who have not passed the qualifying ex­ cies which are constantly arising. increase of $702,139 over fiscal year 1964 amination for permanent status or Mr. Chairman, under no circumstances and a reduction of $198,000 in the esti­ whose academic preparation is techni­ should children in our Capital City go mates. cally deficient under school board rules. hungry or qualified welfare recipients For the first time since 1936 plans for The number of temporary teachers has suffer. The welfare problem is one of construction of new swimming pools in increased during the past few years. the most serious problems confronting the city were submitted and approved by For fiscal year 1964, we recommended Washington today. our committee. We recommend in this 343 new teachers for our District schools. The Department of Public Welfare bill $680,000 for new pools, recreation · A total of 242 new teachers is recom­ administers all PUQlic assistance pro­ centers, and playgrounds. mended in this bill. grams in the District. They include the four federally aided category of the · Here in the District of Columbia we Under capital outlay for our public aged, the blind, the disabled, and de­ still have approximately 250 teenage schools, we recommend 15 replacements pendent children. In addition, the De­ gangs, each composed of from 15 to 35 and additions. The total amount in­ partment administers a program· of gen­ mell}bers. Our roving leaders in the volved is $11,968,100. ·For fiscal year eral public assistance at District expense. Recreation Department are now working 1964, under .capital outlay for schools, We recommend the adoption of the with a number of these gangs and are we had $15·,626,000; for fiscal year 1963, program for needy children of unem­ producing results. If we have the full $7,693,000; for fiscal year 1962,$8,886,000. ployed fathers. At this time the depart­ cooperation of our courts, police depart­ The bill before us today provides for the ment of welfare has under its care 5,600 ment, and recreation department then, construction of several thousand addi­ children. This number includes children in time, we will no longer be confronted tional class.room spaces. The additional in foster homes; under care in their with teenage gangs. teachers and capital outlay projects rec­ own homes and also children in institu­ We recommend the sum of $78,833,000 ommended should be approved. by this tions. A total of $310,37p is requested for health and welfare. This is an in­ committee. for a 6-month program. crease of $4,306,952 over fiscal year 1964 Under capital outlay for the Depart­ A work training program is proposed and a reduction of $663,000 in the esti- ment of·· Public Welfare :we recommend to go along with this request and one mates. · six projects. The total amount involved position is requested to develop such a We are still confronted with a serious is $441,300 . . program. Any unemployed person who venereal disease problem in the District For highways and traftlc we recom­ would be eligible under this program of Columbia. During the past 2 years mend the sum of $13,573,000. This is an would be placed in the national man­ additional amounts have been recom­ increase of $1,165,016 over fiscal year power training program. Others would mended by our committee for venerea1 1964 and a reduction of $90,000 in the be placed on work training and basically disease eradication and the report which estimates. this program would have as its· major we received during the hearings for fiscal Our committee carefully investigated aim the moving of men and women who year 1965 shows that our venereal disease the prob~ems relating to the Highway qualified under the program into full rate is declining just a little. Our com­ Department and -again we would like to time employment. mittee again urges that every effort be emphasize that any attempt to bring Unemployed fathers-and mothers­ made to bring this serious problem under important highway projects in the Dis­ who are deemed to be heads of house­ control and recommends in this bill ade­ trict to a 'complete halt is. a serious miS­ holds will under this program be re­ quate funds for this purpose. take. We st111 believe· that in order to quired to comply with periodic referrals Tile drug situation at District of Co­ meet the tremendous day-to-day growth to U.s. Employment Service. Failure by lumbia General Hospital seems to be un­ of traffic in Washington, we must carry the recipient to accept a reasonable offer der control with the new regulations the highway program along with any of employment would terminate assist­ which were inaugurated following the ·and all proposals concerning a rapid ance. Unemployed recipients who be­ disclosure that hundreds of thousands of transit system. This program is one of cause of lack of marketable experience dollars worth of drugs had been stolen the major long-established activities of or repeated ineligibility to be placed in from the District of Coiumbia General the District government. In order .to employment would be required to enroll · Hospital. Again we recommend that have an effective highway program, it in a community or other work training every precaution be taken to eliminate must be a continuous program. program as a condition of eligibility. this thievery. Under capital outlay for highways and Training under this program would be In our Capital City we have one of tra:fllc we recommend 15 projects. The meaningful and the underlying objective the best fire departments in the country. total amount involved is $13,739,000. would be to assist the recipient and de­ For a number of years the National We recommend the sum of $3,816,000 velop job skills in work areas in which Board of Fire Underwriters named for Public Library. This is· an increase there is an apparent likelihood) of job ·wasnington, Los Angeles, and Detroit as of $337,605 over fiscal year 1964 and a .placement upon the completion of train-. the top three cities. Two years ago we reduction of $36,000 in the estimates. ing.• In addition a ·community work lost our. top rating and in the bill we We recommend approval of the sum training-program would be set up in ·co- make certain recommendations pertain- of $2,351,000 to be used to purchase the 1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - .HOUSE 4235 site of a new downtown Central Library. for which there has been no authoriza- valid purposes and are reasonably essen­ The present building was constructed in tion. tial for the District of Columbia govern- 1903 with Carnegie funds and at that ! realize that there are a number of ment and if these were stricken from the time the population of Washington was items in the bill for which there has been bill, it might seriously hamper or cur­ less than 300,000. Growing demands no authorization. I realize that some of tail certain activities to which we are upon the District of Columbia Public these items are worthwhile and possibly not opposed; however. looking at the Library set forth the need at this time should be approved. pending bill H.R. 10199 and the Appro- for a larger downtown Central Library. ! will not make a point of order on priations Committee report thereon, I We must have a larger modern-type these items today. want to · point out certain specific items building to provide the kind of service My reason for getting up to say a word which have been included and which go that is necessary at this time. This new is to place the various government agen- far beyond the authorizations provided Central Library will contain some 400,- cies in the District of Columbia on notice by the Congress, and beyond the inten­ 000 square feet and be located as near that hereafter they must come before the tion of at least the House Committee on to the heart of the business district as legislative committee and get authoriza- the District of Columbia with respect possible. The site to be purchased is lo­ tions for funds for all programs before thereto. · cated at Ninth Street NW., and faces on they can go before the Appropriations For example, there is included in the Gat Ninth Street NW., extending from Committee to pressurize them, in the report at page 11, under Department of Ninth to the Congressional Church at endeavor to get additional funds. Public Welfare, the following, and I lOth and Ninth from G to G Place. This I believe the gentleman has done a quote: location will become better and better as wonderful job. The only item I would The committee has included the request time passes. ask to have explained a little more thor- for 25 positions and $310,375 to establish the For sanitary engineering we recom­ oughly is the one to grant additional aid aid for dependent children of unemployed mend the sum of $21,750,000. The to children of "the unemployed. parents-AFDC-UP-in the District of Co- amount includes $3,055,000 for the Wash­ At the present time the law is that lumbia. In addition to the allowance in the ington aqueduct. This is $101,100 less they can receive aid provided the unem- bill Federal reimbursements totaling $279,934 played is physically disabled. Is that will also be available. Requests elsewhere in than the amount for fiscal year 1964 and correct? the Department's budget relating to the a reduction of $40,000 in the estimates. AFDC-UP program have also been provided. Our committee recommends approval Mr. NATCHER. At the present time, These allowances are for operation of the of every capital outlay project requested if there is no man in the house. In program on a 6-month basis. for the Department of Sanitary Engi­ other words, if you have a man in the neering. We recommend approval of 26 house who is able bodied and able to This is a new program proposed to be projects which will cost $21,648,000. work there can be no assistance to these established under the language in this Currently there is a total of 28,432 children. appropriation act. Two yeats ago, the positions authorized in the District gov­ Mr. McMILLAN. That is true. House Committee on the District of ernment. Additional positions totaling Mr. NATCHER. If the parent is miss- Columbia reported to the Congress a bill 1,121 were requested for fiscal year 1965. ing, if he leaves home or is dead, there institutions, es-. which is surplusage relates to the use of in certain employment in the District- caped inmates and parole and condi- parking meters. ·The Congress has by t' 1 1 · 1 t special act authorized the Commission- Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' 1ona -re ease v1o a ~rs. ers to purchase, install, and operate Compensation Act. Twenty-ninth. . Returning released parking meters and devices and to collect Ninth. Affiliation with the National prisoners to their residences, or to such ·fees therefrom ~nd otherwise carry out Safety Council, Inc. other place within the United States as all actions necessary in connection with Tenth. Juror fees in connection with may be authorized by the Director of the the use of parking meters. The Congress inquests held by the Oftice of the Department o~ Corrections. Coroner. Thirtieth~ Furnishing to released pris- has also authorized formation of the Eleventh. Litigation expenses includ- oners suitable clothing and, in the dis- parking agency with authority to ad- minister the powers delegated to them ing, without limitation, witness fees and cretion of the Director of the Depart- by the Commissioners for this purpose. expert services in cases before any of the ment of Corrections, an amount of Yet in the appropriation language we courts involving the government of the money, the maximum of which shall be find a provision authorizing and empow- District and, in their official capacity, fixed by the Commissioners, regardless ering the commissioners to pay the pur- officers or employees thereof. of length of sentence. chase price and the cost of installing Twelfth. Civilian crossing guards in- Thirty-first. Compensation at rates to new parking meters or devices from eluding uniforms and equipment, at be fixed by the Commissioners of mem­ funds collected from such meters and de- rates of pay and hours of employment to bers of boards to survey unsafe struc- vices under the heading of "Department be fixed by the Commissioners. tures and excavations. of Highways and Trame." This Ian- Thirteenth. Compensation of civilian Thirty-second. Purchase of commodi- guage is not needed. · members of trial boards of the Metro- ties and for personal services in connec- The foregoing items are mentioned in politan Police and Fire Departments at tion with investigation and detection of particular as legislative authorizations rates to be fixed by the Commissioners. sales of short weight and measure. for items which should be taken from Fourteenth. Payment of rewards in Thirty-third. Obtaining evidence nee­ this bill. It is not my desire to create connection with apprehension of fugi- essary for prosecutions in connection problems in connection with the action tives. with businesses of pawnbrokers, medi­ an this measure today, but · ~o expr~ss the Fifteenth. Purchase, rental, installa- urns, secondhand dealers, ' and other purpose that in further processing of this tion, operation and repair of ·radio and businesses requiring licenses. ~ · bill these items .be removed before final teletype systems and equipment. Thirty-fourth. National Guard of the action by this Congress. Sixteenth. Expenses of attendance, District, including compensation to the' Partial list of items or activities in the without loss of pay or time, at pistol and present commanding general at not to District of Columbia for which · appro- rifle matches, including entrance fees. exceed $13,300 per annum. - priations are included but which are now Seventeenth. Travel expenses of visit- Thirty-fifth. Attendance at meetings authorized only by the ·annual appro- ing lecturers or experts in criminology·. of associations pertaining · to the. Na- priations bill for the District: _ Eighteenth. Expenses of traffic school. tiona! Guard. First. Compensation of members of Nineteenth. Official uniforms and Thirty-sixth. Expenses of camps, and the Redevelopment Land Agency, ·• equipment, including cleaning, altera- payment· of. commutation of subsistence Second. Expenses and compensation tion and repair .of articles transferred for enlisted men of the National Guard at rates to be fixed by the Commis- from· one individual to another, or dam- detailed to gua~d or.to move U.S. prop­ sioners of members of the Apprenticeship aged in the performance of duty in the erty at home stations on days immedi­ Couneil. Metropolitan Police and Fire Depart- ately preceding and immediately follow- Third. Aid in support of the National ments. ing annual encampment. , Conference of Commissioners on Uni- Twentieth. Maintenance of a suitable ., Thirty-seventh. · Reimbursement to the fonn State Laws, the Metropolitan place for the reception and detention of United States for loss of property for Washington Council of Governments, girls over 17 years of age and women ar- which the District 'may be held respon- the Greater National Capital Committee · rested by the police on charges of offense sible. ·' 1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 4237 Thirty-eighth. Cleaning and repair­ eluding travel for the procurement of tract to be made by the Commissioners ing uniforms, arms, and equipment of the such specimens. with the Attorney General of the United National Guard. Fifty-seventh. Revolvers, ammunition, States at a rate not to exceed the actual Thirty-ninth. Instruction, including uniforms, and equipment for National cost of each boy committed. purchase and maintenance of athletic, Zoological Park police, keepers, and as­ Seventy-sixth. Procurement of any gymnastic, and recreational equipment, sistant keepers. item for examination or analysis for de­ at armory or field encampment of the Fifty-eighth. Care of alcoholics. tection of adulteration or contamination National Guard. Fifty-ninth. Subsistence ·in lieu of of drugs and foods, including candy, Fortieth. Practice marches, drills, and salary for the employment of persons for milk, and other products for human or parades. the purpose of securing training and animal consumption or any other prod­ Forty-first. Rents of armories, drill experience in their future vocations. uct or services whether or not for con­ halls, and storehouses for the National Sixtieth. Travel expenses and fees for sumption which may endanger public Guard. visiting lecturers or experts in public health. Forty-second. Advertising incident to health and related fields. Seventy-seventh. Visits to any ward recruiting for the National Guard. Sixty-first. Employment of consulting of the Department of Public Welfare Forty-third. Care and repairs of ar­ physicians, dentists, diagnosticians, who has been placed outside the District mories, offices, storehouses, and ma­ therapists, other specialists, and veteri­ and the States of Virginia and Maryland chinery of the National Guard. narians at fees to be fixed by the Com­ when such visits are authorized by the Forty-fourth. Alterations and addi­ missioners. Commissioners. tions to structures of the National Sixty-second. Compensation of con­ Seventy-eighth. Financial assistance Guard. valescent patients and residents of in­ and services to needy permanently and Forty-fifth. Construction of buildings stitutions operated by the Department of totally disabled residents under rules and for storage and other purposes of the Public Welfare to be employed in es­ regulations prescribed by the Commis­ National Guard. sential work as an aid to their rehabilita­ sioners. Forty-sixth. Education of foreigners, tion at rates and under conditions to be Seventy-ninth. Minor construction of regardless of age, in the Americaniza­ determined by the Commissioners-but bridges. tion schools. nothing in this paragraph shall be con­ Eighty. Installation and maintenance Forty-seventh. Subsistence supplies strued as conferring employee status on of parking meters. for pupils enrolled in classes for crippled patients and residents whose services are Eighty-first. Repair, maintenance, so utilized. and improvement of buildings and ap­ children. Sixty-third. Financial assistance for Forty-eighth. Maintenance and in­ purtenances thereto, and care of grounds. needy patients as determined by the Eighty-second. Installing and repair­ struction of deaf, mute, and blind chil­ Superintendent of Glenn Dale Hospital dren of the District by contract entered ing water meters on services to private at rates to be fixed by the Commis­ residences and business places as may not into by the Commissioners upon recom­ sioners. mendation·of the Board of Education of be required to install meters under exist­ Sixty-fourth. Fire prevention and ing regulations-said meters to remain the District. · protective services rendered at Glenn Forty-ninth. Transportation of chil­ the property of the District. Dale Hospital under conditions to be Eighty-third. Installing and repairing dren attending schools or classes estab­ determined by the Commissioners. lished for severely handicapped pupils. water meters on services and connections Sixty-fifth. Training school for from the District water supply system for Fiftieth. Distribution of surplus com­ nurses. the direct use of any federally owned modities and relief milk to public and Sixty-sixth. Care and treatment of property used and occupied by any de-. charitable institutions, and for the car­ indigent patients in health institutions partment or agency of the Government rying out, under regulations to be pre­ including those under sectarian control, scribed by the board of education of a of the United States situated in the Dis­ under contracts to be made by the Di­ trict. milk program for the schoolchildren of rector of Public Health and approved by Eigthy-fourth. Fencing of public and the District, including the purchase and. the Commissioners. distribution of milk under agreement private property designated by the Com­ Sixty-seventh. Relief and rehabilita­ missioners as public dumps. with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. tion of indigent residents under rules Eighty-fifth. Operation, maintenance, Fifty-first. Services .of· experts and and regulations made by the Commis­ repair, and protection of Washington consultants, including travel expenses sioners. water supply facilities and their acces­ and fees to be fixed by the Commis­ Sixty-eighth. Maintenance pending sories and maintenance of MacArthur sioners. transportation and transportation of in­ Boulevard. Fifty-second. Operation and mainte­ digent persons. Eighty-sixth. Fluoridation of water. nance of recreation facilities in and for Sixty-ninth. Burial of indigent resi­ Eighty-seventh. Permanent improve­ the District. dents of the District. ment of buildings and grounds-includ­ Fifty-third. Maintenance.- repair, care, Seventy. Temporary care and trans­ ing purchase and installation of furnish­ and improvement of public parks, build­ portation of children while being trans­ ings and equipment, and elimination of ings, grounds, fountains, reservations, ferred from place to place. fire hazards--of schools, firehouses, hos­ propagating gardens, greenhouses, and Seventy-first. Care of women and pitals, welfare institutions, and other the tourists' camp on its present site in children in institutions, including those District buildings. East Potomac Park under the jurisdic­ under sectarian control. Eighty-eighth. Purchase or condem­ tion of the National Park Service. Seventy-second. Burial of. children nation of areas less than 500 square feet Fifty-fourth. Placing and maintain­ dying while beneficiaries under District at the intersections of streets, avenues, ing portions of the parks in condition Appropriation Acts. roads, or alleys in the District. for outdoor sports, erection of stands, Seventy-third. Ma.intenance of a suit­ Eighty-ninth. Acquisition by gift, ex­ furnishing and placing of chairs, and able place of detention for children under change, purchase, or condemnation of services incident thereto in connection 18 years of age arrested by the police supplementary land. with national, patriotic, civic, and rec­ on charge of offense against any laws in I want to thank my friend from Ken­ reational functions held in the parks, force in the District, or committed to the tucky. including the President's Cup Regatta, guardianship of the Department of Pub­ Mr. NATCHER. Mr. Chairman, I and expenses incident to the conducting lic Welfare, or held as witnesses, or held want to thank my friend, the distin­ of band concerts in the parks. temporarily, or pending hearing, or guished gentleman from South Carolina, Fifty-fifth. Hire of draft animals, otherwise. · the chairman of the legislative Commit­ with or without drivers at local rates ap­ Seventy-fourth. Supervision of stu­ tee on the District of Columbia, for his proved by the Secretary of the Interior, dents performing voluntary services for contribution. Since I have been a mem- and the purchase and maintenance of the purpose of obtaining training and ber of this committee and especially since draft animals, harness, and wagons. experience in their future vocations. I have served as chairman of the Ap­ Fifty-sixth. Purchase, acquisition, Seventy-fifth. Care of boys committed propriations Subcommittee on the Dis­ care, and transportation of specimens to the National Training School for Boys trict of Columbia, I have always found for the National Zoological Park-in- by the courts of the District under a con- the gentleman willing to cooperate and 4238 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE March ·3 to work with our committee on all mat­ out of balance some $17 million when it building itself, then it is time to take ters pertaining to our capital city. I was brought to the committee. a second look. sincerely believe he joins with me in the Let me ask the gentleman this ques­ -The question I have in mind is this: belief that our capital city should be a tion: Do I understand correctly that Can the gentleman tell us if the com­ model city. one-third or more than one-third of the mittee has information available gener­ I would like to call the attention of teachers in the District of Columbia are ally as to the average cost per child per the gentleman to page 46 of the hearings. serving on a temporary basis? year in the District of Columbia for edu­ I know he will be interested in that por­ Mr. NATCHER. The gentleman is cation? tion which occurs at the bottom of the correct. And I say to the Members of Mr. NATCHER. I do not have that page. We have done this each year. the House that this is a sad situation. figure with me at this time, but I shall Briefly I would say to the gentleman on Certainly it is not good-34 percent, I insert it in the RECORD at this point and page 46 the following appears: say to the distinguished gentleman from furnish it to the distinguished gentle­ Mr. NATCHER. Mr. Tobriner, are there items Iowa, are in the temporary category. man. The per pupil cost estimated for in the budget presently before us contingent This simply means that they have not 1963-64 is as follows: on the passage of authorizing legislation? passed the necessary examinations, or Senior high school------$482 Mr. ToBRINER. Yes, sir; there are, amount­ they cannot qualify academically. That Voca.tional high schooL______610 ing to roughly $14,700,000. is not a good situation by any means. Junior high schooL______356 . Mr. NATCHER. Are there requests before us ·We have 5,207 teachers and one-third of Elementary school------~---- 271 that constitute legislatiqn on an appropria­ them are temporary. · That is no good. Mr. WAGGONNER. I thank the gen­ tion bill? Mr. GROSS. Mr. Chairman, I fully Mr. TOBRINER. I do not believe there are. tleman. agree with the gentleman. It seems to Mr. SMITH of Iowa. Mr. Chairman, Mr. NATCHER. I would like the dis- me this is a sad commentary on the will the gentleman yield? ; tinguished gentleman from South caro­ school system of the District of Colum­ Mr. NATCHER. I yield to the dis­ lina to know that on our committee we bia. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentle­ tinguished gentleman from Iowa [Mr. do not intend to legislate. On our com­ man for yielding to me. SMITH], one of the outstanding members mittee we will not come to the House Mr. WAGGONNER. Mr. Chairman, of the Committee on Appropriations. and recommend to the Members pro- will the gentleman yield? Mr. SMITH of Iowa. I thank the gen­ . grams that are not authorized. As the Mr. NA TCHER. I yield to the gentle­ tleman for yielding. As the gentleman gentleman knows, this budget when it man from Louisiana. knows, unbelievable as it may be, we did was sent to us was $16.7 million out of Mr. WAGGONNER. Mr. Chairman, not have a hot lunch program for ele­ balance. $14.7 million was the amount first of all, I would like to compliment mentary school children in the District Mr. Tobriner mentioned in his state­ the gentleman from Kentucky for a very until the last year. Will the gentleman ment that pertained to the general fund. splendid presentation of the District of elaborate a little bit on the progress of That was authorized. It depended on Columbia appropriation bill for this that program? the passage of legislation from the ais­ coming fiscal year. I want to compli­ Mr. NATCHER. The members of our tinguished gentleman's legislative com­ ment him, too, for having brought to the committee wish to thank the gentleman mittee. And $2 million, of the budget Congress a balanced budget in this ap­ from Iowa for his interest in this pro­ that was out of balance, pertained to the propriation bill. I should like to ask one gram. highway fund. question regarding the crime situation Before we started our investigation of Mr. McMILLAN. Will the gentleman and that has to do with the creation of the hot lunch program here in the Dis­ yield further? the Police Cadet Corps. I understood trict of Columbia schools, the distin­ Mr. NATCHER. I yield to the gentle­ the gentleman to say that the size of guished gentleman from Iowa [Mr. man from South Carolina. this corps initially will be limited to 25 SMITH], discussed this matter in detail Mr. McMILLAN. I just want to tell young men and young ·women. with me, pointing out the fact that here House Members that we have had per­ Mr. NATCHER. The gentleman is we only had a very slight participation. fect cooperation from .his committee correct. At that time I will say to the gentle­ since he has been chairman of the Sub­ Mr. W AGGONNER. The gentleman man from Iowa the participation· was committee on the District of Columbia said that in cases of emergency these only 15.9 percent. Since that time, with of the Committee on Appropriations. I young men and young women could be the completion of the construction of personally want to congratulate him on used for police work. Would it be the buildings that were underway when we the fine job he is doing, which is possibly opinion of the gentleman that it would started our investigation, buildings that a thankless job, It is certainly a worri­ be rare indeed when youngsters such as are presently_ underway, and in future some job at times. I want to congratu­ these would be used for this purpose? plans, we are making arrangements for late him on being ·able to hold down Mr. NATCHER. The gentleman is cor­ a hot lunch program in our school sys­ these budgets as much as he has even rect. It would have to be a case of ex­ tem in every possible way. I believe though the cost of operating the Dis­ treme emergency. That would be the .that before too long we will be able to trict of Columbia has just about only time, because their ages run from report to the gentleman and to other doubled in the past 7 years. 17 to 19. Members of the House that participa­ Mr. NATCHER. Mr. Chairman, I Mr. WAGGONNER. Is it not the in­ tion has increased beyond 30 percent, and yield to the distinguished gentleman tention of the committee in creating this it will not be too long. . from Iowa [Mr. GRoss]. Police Cadet Corps to have a feeder sys­ Mr. SMITH of Iowa. I thank the gen­ Mr. GROSS. Mr. Chairman, I wish to feed qualified personnel into the Police tleman. to commend the gentleman for his able Department? Mr. WILSON of Indiana. Mr. Chair­ presentation of this bill and ask him if I Mr. NATCHER. That is the main pur­ man, f yield myself 5 minutes. heard. him correctly when he said that pose of establishing the corps. We be­ Mr. Chairman and members of the the District budget submission was $16 lieve it will serve a worthwhile function. Committee, there is not much which can million or nearly $17 million out of bal­ Mr. WAGGONNER. I think the pur­ be said after my distinguished chairman ance when it came to his committee. pose is very good. Mr. Chairman, a ques- of the subcommittee finishes explaining Mr. NATCHER. The gentleman is . tion or two·about the school system. The a bill. I want to compliment him for the correct. Of course; this was an embar­ committee has been criticized to some very thorough job which he has done on rassing matter as far as the committee extent for having reduced unduly the this bill. I further want to compliment was concerned, an unbalanced budget of amount of money approved for capital him for his fairness to the people of our $16,700,000. I want the gentleman to · outlay in these schools. I want to com­ Nation's Capital, his fairness to the tax­ know that today we are presenting a bal­ mend the gentleman because I think the payers of the District of Columbia, and anced budge~. committee has exercised caution and wis­ his fairness to the people throughout the Mr. GROSS. Mr. Chairman, I com­ dom in examining each of these con­ 50 States to whom this Capital City be- pliment the gentleman again on present­ struction cases individually. I think the longs. •· .ing.o to the Committee of the Whole a reasons the gentleman has set forth to­ Mr. Chairman, the gentleman from bill incorporating a balanced budget, es­ day are sufficient. When land costs as Kentucky and I share alike in the re­ pecially in view ()f the {act· that it was much as or maybe even more than the sponsibility wh.ich we must assume, com- 1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 4239 mensurate with the authority given us, with people here in the District of Co­ school than a house makes a home. If in funding the District of Columbia. lumbia that we have one of the greatest the gentleman from Iowa will go back I believe we have come forth with a superintendents of schools in the United and check at home, he will flnd that if very fine bill. Every member of the States. He is completely honest, very the District of Columbia used a com­ subcommittee has had much experience thorough, and very dedicated. This mensurate amount of effort that they qualifying him to sit and to judge the does not begin to meet what he thinks use in the great State of Iowa, they would needs of the District of Columbia and is the need here. I am amazed at a not have a shortage of schoolteachers how. those needs are to be . met. Each Congress that will spend $100 million in the District of Columbia and they member participated in the hearings and for a building for itself, which many would not have a shortage of school therefore made this bill possible. people feel is too much. We recently buildings, either. If they would just add Mr. Chairman, I wish to also commend spent or authorized to be spent $30 mil­ one period per day in the District schools our chairman of the full Committee on lion for a cultural center. Now, I am they would have a lower pupil teacher Appropriations, the gentleman from Mis­ not against a cultural center, but I am ratio than in the State of Iowa, and if souri [Mr. CANNON] , who served for many a little bit disturbed that you have cut they added two periods per day they years as chairman of this subcommittee, out these projects that are important. would still have a shorter day than in especially his scheduling of this piece I want to say I may want to file some Indiana. These people who think all of legislation. He scheduled this piece amendments to restore this. I hope that they have to do is assess the taxpayers of legislation for consideration early in the Members who are on the floor and and spend the money and they will have the year, in fact as the first bill on ap­ others will give serious consideration to good schools just ought to go back to propriations to be considered. In so do­ this matter so that we can give the boys school, and learn a little more. ing the gentleman from Missouri has and girls in the District the same oppor­ Mr. NATCHER. Mr. Chairman, I made it possible for the District govern­ tunity for education that they have in yield 5 minutes to the distinguished gen­ ment to make the most economical use many, many areas of the United States tleman from Connecticut, one of the out­ of the money which we are providing where they have just as much reason standing members of our committee [Mr. them. It is highly necessary that this for an education in these schools as they GIAIMO]. money be made available long before the have out there. Mr. GIAIMO. Mr. Chairman, I com­ fiscal year for which it is intended begins Mr. VANIK. Mr. Chairman, will the mend the chairman of the subcommittee in order that planning, school buildings, gentlemen yield? for a job which has been done in a flne schoolteachers can be cared for. Mr. WILSON of Indiana. I yield to manner with a great deal of diligence and Mr. Chairman, as I said earlier there the gentleman from Ohio. understanding of the problems of the · is not much more to be said. I have Mr. VANIK. I thank the gentleman District. It is a pleasure to work with stated that I agree with my chairman. for yielding. I am not so much con­ him on this subcommittee, as it has been It is a good bill. It reflects a balanced cerned about structural buildings in the in the past. budget. We are rapidly gaining· on the District. I am more concerned about I should like to mention two matters shortcomings with which the District the quality of education. I am wonder­ which the chairman mentioned and has been confronted. The pupil-teacher ing if the gentleman could insert in the which I think bear repeating, because ratio will be brought up next year to REcoRD, if possible at this point, a state­ they are extremely important. One is the established standards of the United ment concerning the number of people the aid for dependent· children of un­ States; we are rapidly bringing our class­ from the District of Columbia who have employed parents program. We have al­ room needs up to what is considered to be been able to qualify for scholarships? lowed $310,375, which will carry the pro­ sufficient. We are gaining as rapidly as In reference to quality of education, gram for 6 months and will make a start possible. from what I can gather there are not in eliminating the problems which we Mr. Chairman, I believe what we are very many young people who graduate presently have in the District and should doing for the schools of the District of from District schools who can qualify for not be tolerated any longer, namely, the Columbia is being reflected in the prod­ scholarship competition. If this can be fact that children are going hungry be­ ucts we are producing. provided it may serve as a rather impor­ cause of the fact that there is an em­ I am happy to join with my chairman tant index as to the quality of education ployable parent in the home. in sponsoring this bill and bringing the that we are making possible for the This is a program which has been bill to the House for its consideration young people of the District of Columbia. in effect in 16 of the major industrial while in the Committee of the Whole Mr. WILSON of Indiana. I thank the States. It is designed to care for chil­ House on the State of the Union. gentleman for his observations. I would dren who are suffering because of the Mr. Chairman, equal treatment has like to say to the gentleman from Ohio, unemployment of their parents. been given. to the other ·departments as well as to the gentleman from Iowa, This program has built-in safeguards. such as the Fire Department, the Parks that I went to school once myself. I It provides for the fact that the parent and Streets Department, the Police De­ taught school for a few years. I am very must make efforts to obtain work. It partment and so forth. much interested in school programs. I has provisions in it for work-training Mr. Chairman, there is not much more am interested in the education of the programs. It has provisions in it that which I could say in regard to this bill. youngsters. The gentleman from Ohio parents must work with the U.S. Em­ Therefore, I reserve the balance of my has raised a question about the testing ployment Service and rmike reasonable time. program and the achievements program. efforts to see that employment is avail­ Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Chairman, Mr. Hansen has been interrogated very able and obtainable. In my opinion, this will the gentleman yield? thoroughly on that. He has a very ade­ will help to eliminate the "man-in-t~e­ Mr. WILSON of Indiana. I yield to quate testing program. The testing pro­ house" rule, which has done a great deal the gentleman from Iowa. gram includes an aptitude test which of harm to the people of the District of Mr. SCHWENGEL. The gentleman determines the ability of the child, 'then Columbia who depend on this type of knows I have had a long interest in the achievement test which also deter­ welfare. I believe that people who must schools. I am a member of the District mines the achievement of the child. receive welfare should be treated like Committee, and as a member of the Dis­ May I say that since Dr. Hansen has human beings, and with dignity and re­ trict Committee maybe I understand the been here those tests have shown great spect, as are all American citizens. The importance of schools and the im­ improvement in the teacher program. I idea that because a person is impover­ portance of the schools here in the ask him every year what the· effects are, ished, because a person is receiving wel­ District where the problems are espe­ what the tests do, and what they show. fare, the presumption should be that he· cially present. I want to join with The test program does show that we are is cheating, or the presumption should the gentleman from Indiana who has improving our school materially. I be that he is trying to get away with given consideration to this matter in would say that we are nearing the point something, should not be tolerated here his expressions, although I am some­ where we are getting all we can get out in the District of Columbia. what bothered to know that you have of our educational program. May I say I believe we should have adequate cut out some 14 very important proj­ also to the gentleman from Iowa, · checks to make certain that only quali­ ects. I am one who has learned from .you cannot buy education; a school fied people receive aid. I do not think experience, interviews, and contacts building does not any more make a we should use some of the techniques 4240 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 3 which I have heard are used, that in­ from Kentucky for .their work on the million below the original request of the vestigators break ·into the house at an· budget. The operating budget as re­ Board of Education. hours of the day and· night and snoop quested remained almost as it was pre­ The original request; according· to the around to see if they can .find a male sented, and I am glad to note that and testimony....:._and this is my belief~was in the house. This then raises the pre­ commend the gentleman for it. I do for a minimum figure. Members can sumption that . there is an employable believe, however, there were needless see what a handicap this places on the _male in the house, and thereby prohibits cuts made in the request for new teach­ school system here. All that is neces­ people from receiving their welfare ers. I see that for some reason music sary for us to observe the inadequacy payments. and art were discriminated against. of this budget is a look-at the projected· I think this program under the lead­ The committee has cut the request for shortage in capacity of school class­ ership of our·chairman will put the Dis­ the number of new teachers by 34-21 of rooms 'in 1966, if the original request for trict of Columbia welfare program on a tl)e new positions recommended by the capital outlay were appropriated. sound basis. It has come at long last cut of the committee were in the field of In fiscal year 1966, even with the ap­ before this body, and I am delighted music and art. I think this is a regret- proval of the original request, there that the House is considering this leg­ . table situation. We in Congress had au­ would be a shortage of 422 classrooms islation today. thorized some $30 million for a new cul­ in the elementary schools alone. There Another- item of major significance in tural center for Washington, D.C., yet, would not be room for 3,413 junior high the budget is the item dealing with the if this budget is accepted, it would be school students and 393 senior high appropriation of money for 25 teachers hampering the cultural development of · school students, plus a lack of room for for the instructing of mentally retarded · the very people who should be given the 672 vocational high school students. children. opportunity to become culturally aware. Mind you, as I have said, this would We have heard a grea.t deal in the halls There is a bit of inconsistency here that be the situation if there were an .ap­ of this House during the past several I think we need to note. propriation of the $34 million requested years about the .great problem l.n .Amer-; Mr. GROSS. Mr. Chairman, will the originally. The present figure of $11 mil­ ica concerning mentally retarded chil­ gentleman yield? · lion is approximately one-third of that dren and the fact that very little has Mr. SCHWENQ-EL. I am very glad to originally asked for. been done by the Federal Government yield to the gentleman. This being true, we can expect the and by local and State governments to Mr. GROSS. I wish to correct your situation in fiscal year 1966 to be 67 assist them. The Congress has seen fit statement. You said, "we" in the Con­ percent worse than calculated under the to pass legislation dealing with this prob­ gress voted some $30 million for a cul­ original request. lem on a nationwide -level and in the tural center. Gentlemen and ladies, how long are District of Columbia efforts a.re being Mr. SCHWENGEL. Then I will say we to continue to neglect the school chil­ made to make certain that we have these we authorized. dren in this District? The fact is that teachers available so that we can initiate Mr. GROSS. I beg the gentleman's the figures I have given are all the mini­ this program and accommodate the men­ pardon? mum figures. We should do more. tally retarded children who are educable Mr. SCHWENGEL. Authorized.:._and Especially should we do more when and who must be educated in a proper some of us did not vote for it, of course. we consider how liberal Congress is with way. Mr. GROSS. That is the point-"we" appropriations for those outside the This bill provides for 25 teachers. did not-that is, I did not. I wish the United States; under some of our for­ This number will· be sufficient to train gentleman would at least make an ex­ eign aid programs. and educate the approximately 228 to . ception for me. The real answer lies, I believe, in 250 identifiable children who fit into this Mr. SCHWENGEL. I would be very home rule, or in at least an elected category and it will get us started on this glad to make that exception and I, of school board with independent finan­ program. course, joined the gentleman on this­ cial power, similar to the power of Mr. Chairman, these are two great and not for the reason that I am against school boards in Davenport, Iowa; in items of progress, I ·believe, insofar as culture for I am very much in favor of ·a Des Moines, Iowa; or in any other town the District of Columbia government is cultural center, but I just did not think in Iowa. concerned, and I urge the adoption of the way we approached it was a proper • As I indicated earlier, I am ·working · the legislation now before us. way to approach it and, therefore, I was on a bill to give the District of Columbia The CHAIRMAN. The tfme of the against it. But I did want to make the Committee and the Members of Congress gentleman has expired. . · point that we did authorize the expendi­ an opportunity to consider turning this Mr. WILSON of Indiana. Mr. Chait­ ture of some $30 million for culture and important matter over to the people of man, I yield 10 minutes to the gentleman then deny to the people who live here the District, who I believe could do a from Iowa [Mr. SCHWENGEL]. • an opportunity to become culturally much better job than we in Congress. Mr. SCHWENGEL. Fellow Members aware, as I said, or qualified to appre­ This pr.(>blem should be turned over to a. of the biggest school board in the world­ ciate the culture which, I presume, will school board, which no doubt would and I address you that way because we be revealed and seen in that cultural have a more direct interest in the school are sitting as school board members to­ center. problems of the District . of Columbia. day taking Uil valuable time of the Con­ I have emphasized again and again Mr. SKUBITZ. Mr. Chairman, will the gress that could. very well be handled by the need for better schools in the Dis­ gentleman yield? the people who live here and who, I thirik, trict ~· of Columbia. I wish that each Mr. SCHWENGEL . . I am glad to yield would do just as adequate a job, if not a Member of the House would take the to the gentleman from Kansas. · more adequate job, than we have. been time necessary to :t::~isit the schools here. Mr. SKUBITZ. Can the gentleman doing in legislating for the District. I did that almost a year ago. I can tell tell me what the pupil-teacher ratio is I .have some ideas about this, and this the-Members that the conditions are a will be reftected ·in some legislation I in the District of Columbia, in the sen­ disgrace to the name of the District of ior high schools? will introduce ·later, that will create an Columbia. . elected school board for the District of · As I indicated earlier, there is a top­ Mr. SCHWENGEL. I do not know, ex­ Columbia, and then we can turn this notch administrator in the 1District. ·cept by comparison. I believe it com­ pares favorably to the national average, problem over to the peopie who pa~ for School Superintendent Carl F. Han~en most of the education here and thus give has done as exceptional' job under what and to that of the schools in Iowa. us time to attend to a lot of affairs that can at least be described as very diffi.cult Mr. NATCHER. Mr. Chairman, will are of much more importance to ihe peo­ circumstances. . the gentleman yield to me so that I may ple of the United States and the people The most glaring deficiency in this answer the question? of the world than attending to school budget is the amount of money to be ap- ­ Mr. SCHWENGEL. I yield to the gen­ board affairs here in the· Congress of· the propriated for capital outlay, for new tleman from Kentucky. - United States. · · schools and school additions. .-The Mr. NATCHER. The ·pupil-teacher Mr. Chairman, on the whole, ·I should amount budgeted is only $11,968,000. ratio in the District of Columbia is 30 like to commend the District of Columbia· This is nearly $13 million below the. to 1. Subcommittee on · Appropriations under budget request by the Commissioner. Mr. SKUBITZ. . In the senior high the very able guidance of the gentleman More incredible is the fact that it is $23 schools? 1961, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 4241 Mr. NATCHER. No. That applies to he has the highest regard, Mr. Hansen, tion of the District receiving its appro­ the elementary schools. It is a little who has done a good job, I think, to have priation in time to begin the new fiscal different for the senior high schools. one more period a day for the teacher year without being required to limp along Mr. SKUBITZ. I was under the im­ and they will still be working a shorter on a continuing appropriation of the pression it was about 1 to 25 in the senior day than your teachers work in the State previous year. high schools. of Iowa and the pupil-teacher ratio will There appears to be general agree­ Mr. NATCHER. That is correct. be much better than the recommended ment that this budget is a satisfactory Mr. SKUBITZ. How does that com­ standard. one to the District Commissioners, the pare with the schools in Montgomery Mr. SCHWENGEL. First let me say city, and most of the civic groups who County, which are considered to be that this will put an additional load on have testified in support of it; and I among the best in the country? the teachers except in a few top schools. sincerely recommend its adoption. Mr. NATCHER. It compares favor­ At the present time we know they are Mr. WILSON of Indiana. Mr. Chair­ ably with the figures in the schools in doing a good job and you cannot very man, I have no further requests for time. Montgomery County as far as the teach­ well spend much more than 4 periods a Mr. NATCHER. Mr. Chairman, I er-pupil ratio is concerned. day teaching. That is what the average yield 2 minutes to the distinguished gen­ Mr. SKUBITZ. Can the gentleman tell is here. tleman from North Carolina [Mr. me what the average number of classes The CHAIRMAN. The time of the WHITENER]. is that the teachers teach in the District gentleman from Iowa-has expired. Mr. WIDTENER. Mr. Chairman, I of Columbia? Mr. NATCHER. Mr. Chairman, I ask asked the distinguished chairman of the Mr. NATCHER. The average number unanimo.us consent that the gentleman committee to yield this time to me 1n of classes I believe at this time is four. from Tilinois [Mr. FINNEGAN] may ex­ order that I may propound a question to Mr. SKUBITZ. Four classes in a tend his remarks at this point in the , the gentleman from Iowa [Mr. ScHWEN­ school day of how many periods? RECORD. GELJ if the gentleman is available for Mr. NA TCHER. Will the gentleman The CHAIRMAN. ' Is there objection such an interrogatory. In view of his yield to the gentleman from Indiana [Mr. to the request of the gentleman from criticism of what the committee here WILSON] on that inquiry? Kentucky? · has done, which is not unlike his criti­ Mr. SCHWENGEL. Yes. I yield to the There was no objection. cism of what the District Committee has gentleman from Indiana. Mr. FINNEGAN. Mr. Chairman, as done about the schools, wnat percentage Mr. WILSON of Indiana. A school a member of the Subcommittee of the of increase in the school budget over day consists of four 40-minute periods, District of Columbia appropriations, I the 1964 budget would the gentleman both laboratory and science, and so forth. have enjoyed my work under the leader­ suggest would have been proper to bring That makes it a very short day. They ship of our outstanding chairman, the about his utopian school situation that do not even have that length of period. gentleman from Kentucky [Mr. NATCH­ he has projected? They probably have six periods a day, ER]. Mr. SCHWENGEL. I do not know but the teachers do not teach every pe­ Previous to my serving on this sub­ what the percentage would be. I think riod. committee, I have had some small ex­ what we should do is decide what the Mr. SKUBITZ. They are teaching four perience in municipal government and actual needs are. I am one who has a periods on the average then? when my distinguished colleague, the great faith, as I indicated earlier, in Mr WILSON of Indiana. I cannot say gentleman from Indiana [Mr. WILSON], Superintendent Hansen. His record is what the average is exactly, but I can mentions that our membership on the not such as would lead you to believe he say this: They have a powerfully short subcommittee has more than a passing has been wasting the public money in day. · knowledge of municipal government and the schools. He is generally considered I want to comment, if you will permit its operations, I am inclined to agree to be a great superintendent and has a me, on one of your observations about with him. record of being thoroughly honest and the pupil-teacher ratio. This bill pro­ My good friend, the gentleman from conscientious. I have indicated what I vides for bringing the pupil-teacher ratio Connecticut [Mr. GIAIMO], has always thought it should be and I think that exactly in line with the recommended been close to the school systems of his what they asked for, which was a min­ average of all the accredited school or­ imum budget, and which he was asked to ganizations in the United. States. That State; and Mr. WYMAN, the able Repre­ present, should be approved. sentative from New Hampshire, has had Mr. WHITENER. · I am sure the gen­ .is based upon the anticipated incl,"ease in long experience as the attorney general school population next year. If the tleman has noted that the committee has · school population increases .bY -approxi­ of his State and is very knowledgeable approved over $4 million more for the mately 8,000 next year, as we anticipate of municipal affairs' as is apparent from fiscal year than is in the budget for the it wiJl, and they hire. the teacliers that a perusing of the hearings on .the Dis­ current fiscal year. we provide for in this bill, then the pupil­ trict appropriation bill. Mr. SCHWENGEL. Yes, I noticed teacher ratio will be 25 to 1 in high The form and content of the District that. schools and in grade schools 30 to 1. That of Columbia appropriation bill for 1965 Mr. WHITENER. How much money is the recommended school standard by is directly attributable to work and ef­ does the gentleman suggest ought to be all accredited organizations I know of. forts of our chairman, the gentleman given? Mr. SCHWENGEL. I would like to from Kentucky [Mr. NATCHER], and the Mr. SCHWENGEL. The amend­ say in response to that observation-and ranking minority member, the gentle­ ments which I intend to offer will call those are correct figures-that we are man from Indiana [Mr. WILSONJ. They for an additional $17 million at least. just getting abreast of our problem. have been dedicated to the exhaus­ Mr. WHITENER. I understood. the You are not giving the school system a tive job of balancing needed budgetary gentleman was going to offer such an chance to get caught up for the past requests with expected revenue. Al­ amendment. On what basis has the shortages and past neglects that have though this necessitated trimming some gentleman arrived at the figure of $17 been pa,rtially our responsibility. of the requests made by the District million as the figure which would bring The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Commissioners, we have approved, and about perfection in the District of Co­ gentleman from Iowa has expired. the full Appropriations Committee has lumbia schools? Mr. WILSON of Indiana. I yield the ratified, .a bill calling for $338,205,200, Mr. SCHWENGEL. In the first place gentleman an additional minute. an increase of $25,089,538 over fiscal I am not contending it will bring about Mr. SCHWENGEL. I yield to the gen­ year 1964 appropriations. . perfection. I am saying that it will bring tleman from Indiana [Mr. WILSON]. I believe that this ·bill is fair to the about the kind of improvement that I Mr. WILSON of Indiana. If -the gen­ Capital City and fair to Congress. This think is necessary and it will bring abou·t tleman is interested in having more last year Congress was late in appropri­ what the superintendent of schools, in classrooms available for the· teachers and ating the needed funds due to the delay whom I have great faith, wants. for the pupils and bringing the pupil­ in granting additional obligatory au­ Mr. WHITENER. Mr. Chairman, the teacher ratio' down, let us say, to 20 in thorization, but this year under the gentleman made some remarks about high school per teacher and 25 in grade schedule set by our chairman of ·the full how wonderful it would be if we had an school per teacher, all he has to do is committee, the gentleman from Mlssouri elected school board in the District of to prevail upon this gentleman for whom [Mr. CANNON J, we have every expecta- Columbia. Is· the gentleman saying that 4242 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 3 the present school board is .not up · to as a member of the committee and chair­ -the budget of the council of governments doing the job? · man of the.subcommittee, I cannot agree because this is only a cut in that share of Mr. SCHWENGEL. Certainly -they do with the gentleman that the schools in the budget which is borne by the District not have the · responsibilities that our Washington are as bad as he says they of Columbia. The effect will be that school boards ought to have.- If they are. The superintendent of schools for with this reduction there could be an did we would not be wrestling with the the District of Columbia is a very esti­ overall reduction of $81,000 because the problem today _on the floor here. mabie gentleman and I will say to the other communities may well reduce their Mr. WffiTENER . . That brings us right gentleman from Iowa that the subcom­ portion of the budget by $48,100. This down to the meat in the coconut which mittee of which I am chairman, as well means that these programs which the the gentleman. and I have discussed in as the full District Committee, have.been local governments in this metropolitan the Committee on the District of Colum- a lot more cooperative with the super­ area have voluntarily combined together bia. Is the gentleman seriously making intendent of public schools here than to undertake, because they felt this the contention that if you had an elected has his own school board. I am sure would be the cheapest way of doing these school board in the District of Columbia that the same could be said of the sub­ proposed studies or performing the des­ the Congress of the United States there- committee headed by the gentleman ignated functions, will suffer as a result after would not be concerned with the from Kentucky [Mr. NATCHER]. His of this action. · finances of the public schools of the Dis- subcommittee has always been generous Mr. Chairman, I know that the bill trict of Columbia? · in meeting the needs of the District will pass today, but I do hope that some­ Mr. SCHWENGEL. They would have schools. . where along the line in the legislative the responsibility to underwrite the cost Mr. NATCHER. Mr. Chairman, I yield process the council of governments will of part of it, certainly. But the manage- 5 minutes to the distinguished gentle­ be able to convince this committee of the ment of the schqols, according to the man from Maryland [Mr. SICKLES]. . urgency of these funds as it affects the terms of the bill that I shall introduce Mr. SICKLES. Mr. Chairman, I take entire operation of the council of gov­ would be in the hands of the people here this opportunity first to commend the ernments and that the committee will see who would have the right to spend their chairman of the subcommittee, the gen­ fit at the appropriate stage of the legis­ own money from property taxes. tleman from Kentucky [Mr. NATCHER], lative process to return these funds to Mr. WHITENER. So the gentleman and the members of his subcommittee the budget. is saying that if you had this magical for the fine work that they have done on Mr. Chairman, I yield back the balance election of a school board here all the this budget. I wish also, unfortunately, of my time. Congress would have to do would be just to express my regrets with respect to one Mr. NATCHER. Mr. Chairman, I to receive the requests for money and unfortunate cut which has been made in yield 3 minutes to the distinguished gen­ then vote on those and would not have the budget. tleman from Montana [Mr. OLsENl. to, as the gentleman indicated, go to First, Mr. Chairman, on the positive Mr. OLSEN of Montana. Mr. Chair­ this trouble that we are going to now .. side I am delighted that the committee man, I want to commend the committee Mr. SCHWENGEL. It is not going to has approved the funds which were re­ upon its action here and upon the bill be quite as simple as that. . I know what quested by the department of sanitary and report which they have brought to the problem is here. engineering, as I believe the chairman the Congress. However, I do have some Mr. WHITENER. Where is the of the subcommittee called it milestone personal criticism of the school plant. money going to come from, whether the No. 4, with respect to the budget which I do not pretend to tell the Committee school board is elected or appointed? now enables the department to complete on Appropriations what part of the plant Mr. SCHWENGEL. Most of · the. the remaining elements of this so-called should be repaired first or last, or what money comes from the people in the project "C." This would include con­ part should be replaced first or last. District of Columbia, as the gentleman struction of a major system of sewers But I have my own personal impression knows. I would like the people who live from the Blue Plains sewage treatment of the schools which my children attend here to have jurisdiction over the money plant to Washington, D.C., where a con­ in the District and I compare the plant that they pay in taxes, so that they may nection is to be made with the Dulles with similar junior high schools and high make their judgments and we will make interceptor sewer. It also provides an schools in Montana. When I do this I our judgments on what is determined to outlet for the District of Columbia sewer find that the plant in the District of be our share of the load. upriver and contains elements to drain Columbia is inferior. I would like to Mr. WHITENER. So the gentleman's the Little Falls, Cabin John, and Rock see it brQught up to standard, not just proposition is that the school board, Creek Valley areas. This, of course. for my children because they are not when it .is elected,'.\\Till have authority to never sounds too glamorous, but the com­ going to be here very long, but for the appropriate the locally collected taxes pletion of this program has a very real children yet to come. without the intervention of Congress?· regional impact. It represents an im- Mr. SCHWENGEL. · That is right. pressive attack on the problem of water I am sure that this committee will Mr. WHITENER. But as f_ar as the pollution and the result will be a sub­ cope with this problem and that the Federal payment is concerned, as to that stantial reduction in the pollution of the chairman of the subcommittee will give · part of the money, Congress would be Potomac River. Thanks to the action of his personal attention to the question of bothered with it? this committee we are going to have a plant and equipment in order that all of Mr. SCHWENGEL. That is right. cleaner Potomac River running through the District of Columbia schools will in That would be our responsibility. And our Nation's Capital and, of course, in- time, in the near. future, come up to _d;he amount of that would have to be cidentally along the shores of the free standards. determined, and ·I should hope it would State of Maryland. Therefore, with re­ Mr. WILSON of Indiana. Mr. Chair­ be as a result of a very, very thorough spect to this important regional prob­ man, will the gentleman yield for an ob­ study of this question. · lem I believe the budget is an excellent servation? Mr. WHITENER. Mr. Chairman, let one. But with respect to another re­ Mr. OLSEN of Montana. I yield to the me say to the gentleman, that I know gional problem-and that is with refer­ gentleman from Indiana. that everyone in the District of Colum- ence to the funds for the Metropolitan Mr. WILSON of Indiana. There has bia is appreciative of the great interest Washington .Council of Governments-! been much said here today about the Dis­ he has in the District. He has men- .· find myself again on the floor during trict schools.. Someone mentioned how tioned that he has been engaged in the this 88th Congress requesting that this many scholarships have been won. If school business. I agree with the gen- committee reconsider its action with re­ I may set aside a little modesty for a min­ tleman that the schools may not be per- · spect to the cuts that they have made in ute may I say that my daughter went to feet here, but I would suggest· that if a the request made by the District of Co­ the District schools, and she won a na­ fair inquiry were made the gentleman lumbia government for its share of the tional merit scholarship and in the last would probably find that he could out cost of the budget of the Metropolitan few years she has won Vassar's highest in his district, as I could in mine, make . Washington Council of Governments. academic award. She started her the same contention and be just as con- The request was for $57,900. The amount schooling here in the District of Colum­ cerned about the children in our own · of $25,000 has been authorized. The cut bia. districts as he has been here. Having represents a cut of $32,900. Unfortu­ Mr. OLSEN of Montana. I thi~ the had extensive hearings on this matter, nately, this will not be the entire cut of gentleman's daughter is to be com- 1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 4243 mended. I realize that the scholastic Mr. LIBONATI. Mr. Chairman there crease of $443,627 over 1964-decreases standards in the District of Columbia is no question that the request~ sub­ were as follows: could be high without the plant being mitted by the District were in line with Regulatory and miscellaneous agen­ improved, but I believe it would be much the cost of the many services rendered cies-about $169,000 budget request to higher if the plant were improved. Per­ the public through its agencies. A $2,497,000 appropriation 1965. sonally, I am concerned because in many thorough study of the requests were con­ The library appropriation $3,816,000, ways it has run down, and I make this sidered by the committee. The treat­ for 1965-increase of $337,605 over 1964. comment because I am sure the commit­ ment accorded the requests was in Increase for new books $92,000 et tee has observed the same condition and conformity with the economic values in­ cetera. they want to improve on it as best they volved. Department of buildings and grounds can, and as funds are available for ap­ The budget estimates amounted to appropriated $3,016,000-1965 reduc­ propriation for this purpose. $357,702',300 including an amendment of tion of $225,000. I commend the committee for its very $1,850,300. The appropriations recom­ Public Safety-appropriated $69,841- hard work, and I hope sincerely if the mended in this bill totaled $338,205,200, 000 increase of $3,069,340 over 1964. ' Senl:l-te were to appropriate a larger a reduction of $19,497,100 in the budget Office of Corporation Counsel-$1,- amount for plant and equipment that in requests-but an increase of $25,089,538 155,000-1965 increase of $89,477 over conference the House might yield a little over the fiscal figure in 1964. 1964. bit and agree to a greater proportion for The Federal contribution amounts to Fire department 1965-$15,692,600- capital improvements in the school sys­ $40,720,000-$37,500,000 to the general $330,070 over 1964. tem. fund-same as 1964-$2,047,000 to water Office of Civil Defense-$129,000-1965 Mr. NATCHER. Mr. Chairman I fund, and $1,173,000 to the sanitary sew­ courts-$7,228,000 increase of $456,537- yield 2 minutes to the distinguished age fund. 1964. gentleman from Iowa [Mr. KYL]. These last two allowances represent Department of Correction, $8,995,000 · Mr. KYL. Mr. Chairman, it might be increases of $123,000 and $229,000, re­ increase $591,093-1964. prudent to try to put some of these ques­ spectively, above the 1964 appropria­ Education-$67,910,000 increase of tions and answers concerning the educa­ tions--:-the amounts are based on actual $4,049,407-1964-less $697,000 request­ tional facilities of the District in per­ services to the Federal buildings and in­ ed. A total of 234 new teachers provided spective. First, we must realize there are stallations in the area. for, 268 were requested. many educational problems in the Dis­ The committee also approved $20 mil­ Parks and recreation, $4,166,000-in­ trict of Columbia that are not within lion as a Federal loan for partial crease of $509,995-1964. the province of the school system itself. financing of the capital outlay portion Health and welfare, $74,833,000-in­ There are social and economic factors of the budget. Also the amount of some crease of $4,306,952-1964. Includes quite apart from the schools which have $1,400,000 for the highway fund and $5 ~ublic health activities, $48,246,000; an million for the sanitary sewage works mcrease of $1,336;464-1964-and the to be treated before we can get the kind Department of Welfare-$25,865,000- of school system that we all may think is fund~thus totaling $26,400,000. The desirable. We have to remember, too, that loan appropriation is $7,100,000 above increase $2,746,645-1964. nationwide, education is always in a that of 1964-and $12 million above the Highway and traffic, $13,573,000-in­ budget estimate. There are adequate crease of $1,165,016 over 1964. state of development, as far as plants are Sanitary engineering, $21,750,000 ap- concerned, as far as educational tech­ balances in the present authorization to meet this increase. propriated. · niques are concerned and educational Metropolitan police, $283,000; ex­ materials. The District is certainly not ':('he District is confronted with many penses incident to inaugural of 1966- unique in this respect. problems that have been disregarded repayment of loans and interest, $5,- We must have people for guidance and over the years because of the refusal 364,000. counseling in the District. I do not be­ of Congress to take a realistic view. of Capital outlay projects, $55,887,000- lieve there is a school district in the the growth of tl:le city and incident increase of $9,350,500-1964. country which is completely adequate in thereto, an increase in the demands of the services to be rendered to its grow­ The committee has endeavored to· meet that respect. There is an effort on the its obligations in making fiscal determi­ part of the School Board to meet build­ ing population. Further, the tremen­ dous increase in the erection O·f Federal nations in accordance with the important ing needs .in an orderly procedure. expansion needs to carry out the pur­ The school system of the District structures and installations that in­ creased the costs of services furnished poses of District government. The enor­ should be commended. The teachers of mous sums needed and demanded by the the District of Columbia should be com­ by the District to these properties that were not properly considered in the light District Commissioners for expansion of mended for their implementing a track the school system both in personnel and system which provides the flexibility nec­ of adequate reimbursement to the District. buildings-the welfare for· the unfortu­ essary in each area. nate on relief and the many critical In case anyone thinks that the system The District Commissioners have, needs of the majority of the cities in the is totally lacking I should point out, for under the most trying conditions en­ United States are self-evident. At least instance, that in the honors track in the deavored to carry out the responsibilities a new attitude has evinced itself in the District of Columbia, a student can take of their office. An increase in taxes was necessary-.gasoline increase of 1 cent committee deliberations. The results 4 years of Latin, 4 years of German 4 are at least exemplary of a new look at years of French; 4 years of Spanish, a~d per gallon estimated to raise $2 million for highway purposes-real estate taxes ~he problems of the city we love, our Cap­ 2 years of Russian in high school. He Ital of the United States. We must make can also qualify so far as analytical and other proposals to raise accumulative further progress in the near future to­ geometry is concerned and in integral and funds to meet the deficits. ward remedying the problems that con­ differential calculus. We have had grad­ . The employees numbering 28,432 were front the five Commissioners who haJVe uates of the high school system in the mcreased by 750-although 11,021 were labored in this beautiful city. requested. District who have entered our finest uni­ The CHAIRMAN. If there are no fur­ versities as sophomores rather than as The severe crime problems, the school ther requests for time, the Clerk will freshme~ because of the enriched pro­ population, and welfare increases result­ read the bill for amendment. gram that is provided. It is probably at ing in mounting costs-also the impor­ The Clerk read as follows: tant factor of the general fund financing the quite opposite end of the spectrum FEDERAL FUNDS where we need greatest improvement--in because of high current operating ex-· penses. The committee recommended Federai payment to District of Columbia the vocational training-which again is an appropriation of $18,677,000 for these Be it enacted by the Senate and House impossible without proper counseling. expenses-an increase of $794,122 over of Representatives of the United States of It is important to emphasize we are 1964-yet $734,000 below budget request. America in Congress assembled, That there are appropriated for the District of Columbia doing better here, and it is proper that The Executive Office appropriation of we commend both the faculty and the for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1965, out $523,000-a decrease of $569,400 from of ( 1) the general fund of the District of administration of the District of Colum­ 1964. The Department of General Ad­ Columbia (unless .otherwise herein specifi­ bia for the job they have done. ministration receives $8,002,000-in- cally provided), hereinafter known as the 4244 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE March 3 general fund, such fund ·being composed of eluding $112,000 from the motor vehicle park­ American Association of Motor Vehicle Ad­ the revenues of the District of Columbi-a ing account), $3,000 from the water fund, ministrators; rental of three passenger-carry­ other than those .. applied by law to special and $3,000 from the sanitary sewage works ing vehicles for use by the Commissioners; funds, and $37,500;000, which is hereby ap­ fund: Provided, That not to exceed $50,000 and purchase of twenty-one passenger motor propriated for the purpose out of any money of any funds from appropriations available vehicles·, including thirteen for replacement in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated to the District of Columbia may be used · to only; $13,573,000, of which $9,295,900 shall be (to be advanced July 1, 1964), (2} the high­ match financial contributions from the ·payable from the highway fund (including way fund (when designated as payable there:.. Department of Defense to the District of $674,100 from the motor vehicle parking ac- · from), established by law (D.C. Code, .title Columbia Office of Civil Defense for the pur­ count): Provided• That this appropriation 47, ch. 19), including the moto!l' vehicle park­ chase of civil defense equipment and supplies shall not be available for the purchase of ing account (when designated as payable approved by the Department of Defense, driver-training vehicles. therefrom), established by law (Public Law when authorized by t)le Commissioners: Sanitary engineering 87-408), (3) the water fund (when. desig-. Provided furtfl,er, That the Fire Department nated as payable therefrom) , established by is authorized to replace not to exceed five Sanitary engineering, including the pur­ law (D.C. Code, title 43, ch. 15), and $2,047,- passenger carrying vehicles annually when­ chase of fourteen passenger motor vehicles 000, which is hereby appropriated for the ever the cost of repair to any damaged vehi­ for replacement only, $21,750,000, of which purpose out of any money in the Treasury cles exceeds three-fourths the cost of $7,248,400 shall be payable from the water not otherwlse .appropriated (to be advanced replacement. fund, $4,230,200 shall be payable from the July 1, 1964), (4) the sanitary sewage·works Education sanitary sewage works fund, and $79,900 shall fund (when designated as paY'able there­ Education, including purchase of fourteen be payable from the metropolitan area sani­ from), established by law (Public Law 364, passenger motor vehicles, including two for tary sewage works fl..lnd. 83d Congress), and $1,173;ooo, which . is replacement only, the development of na­ Metropolitan Police hereby appropriated for the purpose out .of tional defense education programs, and for Additional Municipal Services, Inaugural any money in the Treasury not otherwise matching Federal grants under the National Ceremonies appropriated (to be advanced July 1, 1964), Defense Education Act of September 2, 1958 and (5) the metropolitan area sanitary sew­ (72 ·stat. 1580), as amended, $67,910,000, of Metropolitan Police (additional municipal age works fund (when designated as payable. which $678,895 shall be for development of services, inaugural ceremonies), including therefrom), established by law (Public Law vocational education in the District of Co­ payment at basic salary rates for services 85-515) ; and there is hereby appropriated, lumbia in accord:tnce with the Act of June performed on the day before Inauguration out of any money in the Treasury not other­ 8, 1936, as amended. Day, Inauguration Day, and the first day wise appropriated, $26,400,000, which, to­ Section 6 of the Legislative, Executive, and thereafter, by omcers and members of the gether with balances of previous appropria­ Judicial Appropriation Act, approved May 10, police and fire departments in excess of the tions for this purpose, shall remain available 1916, as amended, shall not apply from July regular tours of duty (but not to exceed a until expended, for loans authorized by the 1 to August 23, 1964, to teachers of the pub­ total of sixteen hours overtime pay ·to any Act of May 18, 1954 (68 Stat. 101), the Act of lic schools of the District of Columbia when individual officer or member performing serv­ June 6, 1958 (72 Stat. 183), and the Act of employed by any of the branches of the ice on such days) with such overtime earned August 27, 1963 (77 Stat. 130), to be ad- . United States Government or by any depart­ by firemen chargeable to the appropriation vanced upon request· of the Oommissioners ment or agency of the District of Columbia for O;Jerating expenses of the Fire Depart­ to the following funds: general fund; $20,- government. ment, $283,000. 000,000; highway fund, $1,400,000; and sani­ Parks and recreation Personal services, wage-board employees tary sewage works fund, $5,000,000. Parks and recreation, including the pur­ For pay increases and related retirement DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA J'VNDS chase, acquisition, and transportation of costs for wage-board employees, to be trans­ OPERATING EXPENSES specimens for the NEttional Zoological Park, ferred by the Commissioners of the District For expenses necessary f<;>r functions u~der $9,769,000, of which $25,000 shall be payable of Columbia to the appropriations for the this general head: from the highway fund. fiscal year 1965 from which said employees are properly payable; $1,118,200, of which General operating expenses Health and welfare $75,400 shall be payable from the highway General operating expenses, plus so much Health and welfare, including reimburse­ fund, $103,400 . from the water fund, $68,500 as may be necessary to compensate the Engi­ ment to the United St:ltes for services ren­ from the sanitary sewage works funds, and nee·r Commissioner at a rate equal ·to each dered to the District of Columbia by Freed­ $700 from the metropolitan area sanitary civilian member of the Board of Commis­ men's Hospital; and for care and treatment sewage works funds. sioners of the District of Columbia, hereafter of indigent patients in institutions, including in this Act referred to as the Commissioners; those under sectarian control, under con­ REPAYMENT OF LOANS AND INTEREST $18,677,000, of which $375,000 (to remain tracts to be m:tde by the Director of Public For reimbursement to the United States of available until expended) shall be available Health; and purchase of three passenger mo­ funds loaned in compliance with sections solely for District of Columbia employees' tor vehicles including two for replacement 108, 217, and 402 of the Act of May 18, 1954 dis:~~bility compensation, and $179,200 shall only; $74,~33,000: Provided, That the inpa- · (68 Stat. .103, 109 and 110), as amended; sec­ be p:tyable from the highway fund (includ­ tient rate and outpatient rate under tion 7 of the Act of SeptemQer 7, 1957 (71 ing $50,200 from the motor-vehicle parking such contracts and for services rendered Stat. 619), as amended; section 1 of the Act account), $26,100 from the water fund, and by Freedmen's Hospital shall not exceed. of June 6, 1958 (72 Stat. 183); and section $8,600 from the sanitary sewage works fund: $34 per diem and the outpatient rate 4 of the Act : jf June 12, 1960 (74 Stat. 211), Provided, That the certificate of the Com­ shall not exceed $5.75 per visit, and the including interest as rec:tuired th~reby, • missioners shall be sufficient voucher for the inpatient rate (excluding the proportionate $5,364,000, of which· $2,213,000 shall be pay­ expenditure of $2,500 of this appropriation share for repairs and conEtruction) for serv­ able from the highway fund, $1,173,000 shall for such purposes, exclusive of ceremony ex­ ices rendered by Saint Eliza.beths Hospital be payable from the water fund, and $291,- penses, as they may deem necessary: Pro­ for patient care shall be $9.74 per diem: 000 shall be pay!!-ble from the sanitary sewage vided further, That, for the purpose of assess­ Provided further, That this appropriation works fu~d. ing and reassessing real property in the Dis­ shall be available for the furnishing of medi­ CAPITAL OUTLAY trict of Columbia, $5,000 of the appropriation cal assistance to individuals sixty-five years. For reimbursement to the United States of shall be available for services as authorized of age or older who are residing in the Dis­ funds loaned in compliance with section 4 by section 15 of the. Act of ·August 2, 1946 trict of Columbia without regard to the re­ of the Act of May 29, 1930 (46 Stat. 482), as (5 U.S.C. 55a), but at rates for individuals quirement of one-year residence contained amended, the Act of August 7, 1946 (60 Stat. not in excess of $100 per diem. in District of Columbia Appropriation Act, 896), as amended, the Act of May 14, 1948 Public 1946, under the heading "Operating Ex­ (62 Stat. 235), and p:tyments under the Act safe~y penses, Gallinger Munic!pal Hospital," and Public safety, including .employment of of July 2, 1954 (68 Stat. 443); construction this appropriation shall also be available to projects as authorized by the Acts of April22, consulting physicians, diagnosticians, and render assistance to such individuals who are therapists at rates to be fixed by· the Com­ 1904 (33 Stat. 244), February 16, 1942 (56 temporarily absent from the District of Stat. 91), May 18 1954 (68 Stat. 105) ,.June 6, missioners; purchase of seventy-six passen­ Columbia: Provided further, That the au­ ger motor vehicles (including sixty-seven for 1958 (72 Stat. 183), and August 20, 1958 (72 thorization included under the heading Stat. 686); including acquisition of sites; police-type use without regard to the general "Department of Public Health," in the Dis­ purchase price limitation for the current p:eparing of plans and specifications for the trict of Columbia Appropriation Act, 1961, fallowing buildings and fac1li ties: Shaw fiscal year but not in excess·of $100 per vehi­ for compensation of convalescent patients as cle above such limitation) of which sixty­ an aid to their rehabilitation is hereby ex­ Junior High School replacement, new junior eight are for repiacement purposes; $69,- high school in the vicinity of 6th Street and tended to the Department of Vocational Brentwood Parkway Northea&t, Wheatley Ele­ 041,000, of which $149,550 shall be ' trans­ Rehabilitation. ferred to the judiciary and disbursed by the mentary School addition, Chevy Chase Administrative Office of the United States Highways and traffic Branch Library, Engine Company Number 9 Courts for expens.es of the Legal Aid Agency Highways and traffic, including $73,526 for replacement, school and activities building for the District of. Columbia and $3~ 434,800 traffic safety education without reference to at the Junior Village, shop building at the shall be payable from the highway fund (in- any other law; $250 for membership iii the Cedar Knoll School, a juvenile fac1lity and 1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 4245 Incinerator Number 5; erection of the follow­ of meters in taxicabs, or for or in connec­ Mr. GROSS. I thank the gentleman. ing structures, including building improve­ tion with the licensing of any vehicle to be Is there any money in this bill for a ment and alteration and the treatment of operated as a taxicab except for operation mass transit program or plan? grounds: new junior high school in the In accordance with such system of uniform vicinity of 16th and Irving Streets Northwest, zones and rates and regulations applicable Mr. NATCHER. I should like to in­ Slowe Elementary School addition, new ele­ thereto as shall have been prescribed by the form the distinguished gentleman from mentary school in the vicinity of Wheeler Public Utilities Commission. Iowa that there is no money in this bill Road and Mississippi Avenue Southeast, SEc. 9. Appropriations in this Act shall not for the rapid transit system. Truesdell Elementary School addition, Mil­ be available for the payment of rates for Mr. GROSS. I thank the gentleman dred Green Elementary School addition, new electric current for street lighting in excess again. elementary school in the vicinity of 18 h of 2 cents per kilowatt-hour for current con­ and E Streets Northeast, Raymond Elemen­ sumed. Do I understand that some submission tary School addition, Ruth K . Webb Ele­ SEC. 10. All motor-propelled passenger-car­ was made to the committee for the con­ mentary School addition, West End Branch rying vehicles (including watercraft) owned struction of parking lots? Will the gen­ Library, McKinley Swimming Pool, Holly and by the District of Columbia shall be operated tleman briefly explain that situation? Dogwood Cottages renovation at the DiStrict and utilized in conformity with section 16 of Mr. NATCHER. The gentleman from Training School and two street cleaning tool the Act of August 2, 1946 (5 U.S.C. 77, 78), Iowa is correct. A request was made for houses: $901,000 for the purcha&e of equip­ and shall be under the direction and control $31,000 ment for new school buildings; to remain of the Commissioners, who may from time to to build a parking lot under the available until expended, $55 ,887,000, of time alter or change the assignment for use Southeast Freeway at approximately the which $6,750,000 shall not become available thereof, or direct the alteration of inter­ corner of 2d Street. This request was for expenditure until July 1, 1965, $13,155,- changeable use of any of the same by officers denied. It was for 36 spaces for auto­ 000 shall be payable from the highway fund, and employees of the District, except as mobiles to be parked during the day, $2 ,383,000 shall be payable from the water otherwise provided in this Act. "Otncial pur­ with meters. We had no testimony to fund, and $11,026,000 shall be payable from poses" shall not apply to the Commissioners the effect that it was necessary and fur­ the sanitary sewerage works fund, and $1,- of the District of Columbia or in cases of offi­ ther none to the effect that the meters 680,000 shall be available for construction cers and employees the character of whose services by the Director of Buildings and duties makes such transportation necessary, would be read and that the parking fa­ Grounds or by contract for architectural en­ but only as to such latter cases when the cility would pay for itself. gineering services, as may be determined by same is approved by the Commissioners. Mr. GROSS. Probably if the parking the Commissioners, and t he funds for the use SEc. 11. Appropriations contained in this lot had been erected under the freeway of the Director of Buildings and Grounds Act for Highways and Traffic, and Sanitary a good deal of the revenue would have shall be advanced to the appropriation ac­ Engineering shall be available for snow and been absorbed in lighting it throughout count. "Construction services, Department of lee control work when ordered by the Com­ the night. Buildings and Grounds". missioners in writing. Mr. NATCHER. The gentleman is GENERAL PROVISIONS SEc. 12. Appropriations in this Act shall be available, when authorized by the Com­ exactly correct. We considered all of SEC 2. Except as otherwise provided herein, missioners. for the rental of quarters without that. For that reason, I want the gentle­ all vouchers covering expenditures of appro­ reference to section 6 of the District of man to know, we refused this request. priations contained in this Act shall be Columbia Appropriation Act, 1945. audited before payment by the designated Mr. GROSS. I am glad the commit­ certifying official and the vouchers as ap­ SEc. 13 . Appropriations in this Act shall tee did just that. I thank the gentle­ proved shall be paid by checks issued by the be available for the furnishing of uniforms man. when authorized by the Commissioners. designated disbursing official without coun­ Mr. QUIE. Mr. Chairman, I make the tersignature. SEc. 14. There are hereby appropriated from the applicable funds of the District of point of order that a quorum is not SEc. 3. Whenever in this Act an amount is present. specified within an appropriation for par­ Columbia such sums as may be necessary for ticular purposes or object of expenditure, making refunds and for the payment of The CHAffiMAN. The Chair will judgments which have been entered against such amount, unless otherwise specified, count. [After counting.] One hundred the government of the District of Columbia, and nine Members are present, a quorum. shall be considered as the maximum amount including refunds authorized by section 10 which may be expended for said purpose or of the Act approved April 23, 1924 (43 Stat. Mr. NATCHER. Mr. Chairman, I object rather than an amount set apart ex­ 108) : Provided, That nothing contained in move that the Committee do now rise clusively therefor. this section shall be construed as modifying and report the bill back to the House SEc. 4. Appropriations in this Act shall be or affecting the provisions of paragraph 3, with the recommendation that the bill available, when authorized or approved by subsection (c) of section 11 of title XII of the Commissioners, for allowances for pri­ do pass. the District of Columbia Income and Fran­ The motion was agreed to. vately owned automobiles used for the per­ chise Tax Act of 1947, as amended. formance of official duties at 8 cents per SEc. 15. Except as otherwise provided here­ Accordingly, the Committee rose; and mile but not to exceed $25 a month for each in, limitations and legislative provisions con­ the Speaker having resumed the chair, automobile, unless otherwise therein specifi­ tained in the District of Columba Approprin. ­ Mr. PRICE, Chairman of the Committee cally provided, except that one hundred and tion Act, 1961, shall be continued for the fis­ of the Whole House on the State of the forty-three 'fifty for investigators in the De­ cal year 1965: Provided, That the limitation Union, reported that that Committee partment of Public Welfare and eighteen for for "Construction Services, Department of venereal disease investigators in the Depart­ having had under consideration the bill Buildings and Grounds" contained in the New Jersey. Even after ad- this country's four coasts hi recent years.

. . TABLE 1.-::-Shipping:weight and value, ·U.S. waterborne exports, 1951-61, by ar.ea of'·origin

...... United States Atlantic coast Gulf coast Pacific CQI!.st Great Lakes .Year -Weight Value Value Weight Value Weight' Value - Weight Value

Thrnuand M iUitm long -tom dollar' Percent Perceni Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percfflt 1951. ------· ------~ --- 103,294 10,113 47 61 19 25 13 11 20.4 2. 9 1952.-. ------91, 685 9,024 41 58 23 26 13 13 22.4 3.2 1953_------7l, 756 7; 829. 34 62 25 23 14 12 27. 4 3.6 1954_------69,287 8, 539 39 60 24 23 14 '13 2'8. 8 3.5 1955_------: ___ ;~ ------100, 206 9,459 49 63 20 22 12 12' 19.5 3.4 1956_------129, 246 11,485 50 60 22 25 11 12 17.0 3.2 1957------147, 671 13, 267 50 57 24 27 11 . 13 14.6 3.2 1958_------102,343 10, 948 48 59 24 26 12 12 15.1 3.2 1959'_------96, 576 10,776 38 56 29 27 14 12 18.9 5.3 196()_------· ------109,165 13, 406 37 53 30 28 16 13 17.5 4.8 1961. .------113,860 13,913 35 53 31 28 16 13 18.0 5. 7

Source: U.S.:Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census: "United States Foreign Waterborne Commerce," annual review. The change in the tramc pattern between Lakes exports are largely commodities of downward trend of the Greet Lakes share 1958· and 1959 is marked. The Great La-kes' large bulk and low value. Analysis of the largely disappears, as shown in table II. It relative share of exports increased by over commodities entering into foreign, trade is worth noting that the increase in the Great 25 percent measured by weight, and by al­ shows that bituminous coal is annually the Lakes relative share of exports between 1958 most 67 percent measured by value. More­ largest single commodity, by weight, for both and 1959 is stm about the same-just over over, wb,ile the ~elative share measured by the Great Lakes and the rest of the Na­ 25 percent; weight has d~clined slightly since 1959, meas­ ured by value it has shown a further modest tion. Great Lakes exports of bituminous Bituminous coal may justifiably be dis­ 14,453 increase, reboun~ing from the slump in 1960. coal have ranged from a high of long counted in measuring the effect of the see.­ Table· I shows that, even with the sea­ tons in 1951 to a low of between 9,000 and way on trade patterns because an over­ way, Great Lakes exports are a smaller frac­ 10,000 long tons in each of the years 1958- whelming share of·the coal exported via the ~ion of the total ~nnage than they were as 61; for the rest of the Nation exports have Great Lakes goes to Canada. Table III, even re_cel!tly as 1955, but this fact should not . varied from 12,640 long tons in 1953 to 51,- though it only shows that coal shipped from be overemphasized. As the relative figures 400 in 1957. If this highly volatile com­ the Lake . Erie ports to Ca.nada, brings this for weight and for value indicate, Great ponent of our exl>ort trade is excluded, the out clearly. CX--267 4248 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 3

TABLE II.-Shipping weight of U.S. waterborne exports, 1951-61, excluding bituminous coal

Year United States Great Lakes Year United States Great La)rei

Thousand Thousand long tons Percent long tom Percent 195L---- ·------·-~------58,477 11.4 1957------~ 82,212 9.2 19521903 ______------_ 54,370 12.8 1958 ____ ------58,858 10.2 .5, 690 13.7 1959 ______·------64,518 12.9 1954 _____ ------·------.------44,715 12.2 1960 _____ ------: __ ------77,341' 12.3 1955 ____ ------., ------: _-- -~ ------57,296 12.5 196L------83,-3.53 13.6 1956_____ ------.------72,.10 10.7

Source: See table I. ·'· As table I shows, the choice of a dlft'erent preferable. However, as wlll be shown in revenue per ton than clo the bulk commodi­ unit of measurement wlll yield a strikingly chapter 9, dift'erent kinds of commodities ties, such as. bituminous coal. The Atlantic dift'erent pattern of foreign trade. Which generate dift'erent amounts of revenue per unit should be used depends upon the pur­ ton; "general cargo"-the high ·value, small coast ports, as table I f!Uggests, ship a tar poses of the study. In estimating the income bulk commodities which require special han­ gre~ter proportion of the Natiop.'s general generated by a part, the tonnage figures are dling in shipping-generates a much ~eater cargo exports than of its bulk commodities.

TABLE IlL-Bituminous coal shipments, "Lake Erie ports to Canada [In thousands of short tons]

1954 1958 1959 1960 1961 1954 1958 1959 1960 1961 ------'-----·1------Toledo______'__ ------:------____ --- 3,.03 3,932 4,844 5,923 Huron. ______:----- ~ ------17 21 27 . 7 Sandusky------____ ----______•• 909 1, 462 1,.97 1,859 I, 602 _, 703 Cleveland ______:. ___ ~------27 ------26 81 Ashtabula______--_----.------_ 1, 789 1,503 1, 764 1, 632 1, .01 Fairport ______:·____ -- __ -----______595 «8 313 179 222 TotaL------9, 883 8, 778 9, 623 9, 415 9,()79 Erie _____ -- __ -.- ___ ------~---- · -- --•- __ _ 806 ~ 286 194 243 Total,allGreatLakesports ______~ ------12,370 10,563 11,070 10,739 10,§12 Lorain •. ------1,151 533 242 648 338 ===== Buffalo. ____ ------a.o 127 207 101 Lake Erie ports' share of total Great Lakes Conneaut ____ ------_-----___ ------293 253 A3 162 161 ports (percent): ____ ----_------__ so· 83 87 88 88

• Source: Army Corp of Engineers, "Waterborne Commerce of the United States," pt. 3, calendar years 1958,1959; U.S. Bureau of ~be Census; "UniteQ States Waterborne Foreign Commerce," annual review, 1960,1961. _ · · . '(; In a recent study, the "Irilpaot of the St. seed, and oil seeds, unmanufactured cotton, products"; exports rose from only 4,000 tons 'Lawrence Seaway on' the Upper Midwest," coal, coke, bulk petroleum products, lime­ in 1958 and 3,000 in 1959, to a peak of 170,- Professor Krueger estimated general cargo stone, sand, gravel, sulfur, mineral ores 000 in 1960, then fell to 52,000 in 1961. While exports in 1960 as 7,814,000 short tons for the and concentrates, and all Department of a number of other-commodities showed sig­ seven leadfng Atlantic coast ports, as com­ Defense, special category and low value ship­ nificant • declines between 1960 and 1961, , 1;149,000 ments.-1 Table IV suggests that general cargo rolled and finished steel products accounted pared to for seven Great Lakes 8 ports.' While Professor Krueger's definition exports have doubled, a}:>proximately, as a for· 86 percent of· the net decllne. result of the seaway, but that they are grow­ · At this point in time, it is too early to. of Great Lakes general cargo exports is not ing relatively slowly after that initial jump. tell whether 1960 or. 1961 . was the unusual entirely suitable for this study,2 redefinition The decline between 1960 and 1961, however, ­ year for this .commodity. But even - ~f >, the . changes the results only in detail. The is more than accounted for by the slump in 1960 maximum proves to be the more tyPical definition of "general cargo" given by the exports from tbe port of Detroit. figure, Great Lakes general cargo exports wlli Bureau of the Census is used in table IV.3 Detroit's exports of general cargo were st111 be small when compared with those of The figures exclude grains, soybeans, flax- dominated by "rolled and finished steel mill the east coast. ,. . TABLE IV.-General cargo exports, major Gre-at Lakes ports, 1.958-61 ....' [In thousands of short tons]

1958 1959 1960 1961 1958 1959 1960 1961

Buffalo ______~ _____ : __ --~----_ 42 21 24 30 Milwaukee.-- ~ ------· ------44 124 107 153 ClevelandChicago ______------_------_ 106 .14 345 348 Toledo __ ------·------11 31 33 76 45 62 81 60 ' ------1-----1-----1----- Detroit ______33 98 305 141 TotaL______282 781 941 893 · Duluth ______: ___ ~---- ___ • ______1 21 46 85

Source: Army Corps of Engineers, "Waterborne Commerce of the United States," 1958--61.

The small size of th.e Great Lakes ports' of export commodities. A 1960 Commerce Lakes ports, as assembled by the Chicago general cargo traffic stands out even more Department study, as shown in table V, esti­ Association of Commerce and Industry Re­ cle~rly when exports via the ports of the mated the value of exports manufactured in search: and Statistics Division, since what is region are compared with its manufactures each State, making such a comparison pos­ important is the relative magnitude, not the sible.5 The 1960 exports manufactured in precise figure. For the purpose of this com­ 'Anne o. Krueger, ''The Impact of the St. the Midwest may be most easily compared parison, "Midwest" States include Ohio, In­ Lawrence Seay;ay on the Upper Midwest," wlth the 1961 exports shipped via the G:~t diana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minne­ sota, Iowa, Missouri, the Dakotas, Kansas, (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 1963). 4 7 2 These figures dift'er from those used by Nebraska; and Kentucky. lbid. p. 15: "General cargo totals were Professor Krueger primarily in that those in derived from individual port commodity sta­ table IV include wheat flour and animal 0 tistics by taking total export traffic in the feeds, and exclude scrap iron, flaxseed, and Two classifications which also showed port and subtracting major bulk items ores and concentrates, for Canada as well as large declines were "vegetables and prepara­ (grains, soybeans, petroleum and gasoline, overseas. There are some other, relatively tions not elsewhere classified," and "iron and iron ore)." Professor Krueger also excludes minor, differences. steel semiflnished products." exports to Canada, apparently because these 7 "U.S. Department of Commerce, "Value of The reasons for choosing this definition would not be aft'ected by the seaway. of "Midwest," and for the subsequent modi­ 3 Exports of Manufactured Products, by Re­ Bureau of the Cep.sus,, "Domestic Move­ gion and State, and by Major Product Group: fications of it, will be given in detail in ch. ments of Selected Commodities in u.s. 1960" (Washington: U.S. Department of 6; tbese States roughly correspond to the WatE"rborne .. Foreign Trade" (Washington: Commerce, Office of Business Econ'omlcs, Bu­ areas ln which the Great Lakes ports bave U.S. Department of Commerce, 1959) p. 3. reau of International Programs, 1962). shipping cost advantages over other ports. 1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 4249

TABLE V.-Manufacturing establishments reporting the ·export of products in 1960: the numbtfr of these .establishmen.ts, their employment . . · and reported exports, compared with total manufacturing exports, by reg.ion and St~ .

Establishments reporting exports Total E'stablishments reporting exports Total manufac- manufac- turing, turing, Geographic region and State All em- a-;J>:~~- Geographic region and State · All em- a~re~- Number ployees Value of mated Number ployees Value of mated of estab- annual exports of estab- annual exports lishments average reported a~~i~~:fe lishme'nts average reported ;:~~~~:le totals totals

Mt1lions Millions MUliom MUliom United States, totaL ______7,496 5,699,981 $9,792.4 $15. 454. 3 South Atlantic-Continued Virginia._._.--.---.------89 74 .. 485 $213. 3 $338.3 New England ... ~------721 482,036 551.8 1, 013. 7 West Virginia •. ------71 58,489 125.3 156.1 North Carolina ______93 103,162 128.0 391.8 South Carolina______Maine ...... ------29 16.271 14 ..5 37. 5 27 27,353 30.4 121.8 New Hampshire ... ------36 18,166 30. 3 54. 7 Georgia. ---·------• 82 54,502 107. 0 230.8 Vermont . . __ . ... __ ------24 11, 161 15.5 28.1 Florida.•...... •.. . ---... 55'' 29,028 85.1 158.8 Massachusetts ..... ------319 204,495 224.4 435.2 Rhode Island ••.. .. ------63 28,066 22.2 65. 9 East south centraL ••••.•.•...... • 309 208,795 324.9 587.3 Connecticut ...... : ...... 250 203,877 244.7 385.9 Kentucky------89 57,660 102. 2 178.4 Middle Atlantic ...... ------1.894 1, 443,830 2,271. 2 3, 506. 1 Tennessee .. -_---.-. -.----.---- 107 76,413 132.0 220: 1 78 60,946 54.4 109.2 New York ______------685 57~,331 888. 1 1, 417.4 ======35 13,776 36.1 77.0 New Jersey ______--~------505 296,404 587.2 897. 0 tlr~~~i>i= Pennsylvania ____ ------704 574, 095 795. 7 1,189. 5 West south centraL_------397 222,032 938.2 1, 243.3 East north centraL------2, 500 2,084,340 3, 119.5 4, 503.8 Arkansas.. ... _. ___ .... _. ___ __. 31 13,225 29.2 50. 7 Louisiana .. ------73 41,371 192.0 254.1 Ohio ... ------785 628, 666 921.5 1, 299. 4 Oklahoma...... __ .. ______51 19,966 65. 5 98.9 Indian a._.------312 310,259 310.2 483.6 Texas. ------_.. ------242 147,470 651.3 836.6 Michigan ••.• ------487 482,960 646.5 898.7 Dlinois. __ ___ ------666 464, 430 971.1 1, 407.8 Mountain .. __ _... ___ . . . ___ ..... __ . 67 46,386 97.6 177.3 Wisconsin ... ------250 198,025 270. 0 411.4 Montana ..... ------1 (1) (1) 3. 9 West north centraL ______438 294,334 378.6 764. 0 Idaho.- ~ ------: ·------10 . 2,065 8.4 15.6 Wyoming ______1 (1) (I) .7 Minnesota______...... 107 75,354 92.5 176.4 Colorado. ------'------21 · 19, 130 28. 2 48.4 101 84,987 121.4 243.0 New Mexico . .... ------4 378 11.3 26. 5 154 85, 101 91.5 193. 0 12 12,635 12. 8 29.3 North D akota======______=== _ ===_____== =___ == Arizona.------~is:ourc~ = 1 ~1) (I) 2.4 Utah •... -----...... ----- ', 13 9, 724 32, 0 45.8 South Dakota...... 3 1) (1) 7.4 Nevada. __:; ______5 1,639 4.6 5.4 Nebraska__ ___ ...... ---...... 24 14,093 14.5 41.9 Kansas...... -- -...... 48 30, 729 56. 7 96.6 Pacific._._ ------624 500,228 1, 264. 3 1, 994.2 South Atlantic. ____ ------546 412,822 845.8 l , 655. 0 Washington ... _---. ___ _. __ ---- 86 95,276 393.7 582. 8 Oregon. ______...... ------43 19,428 50, 8 87.1 Delaware ..•..•..• ---...... 25 12,267 14.4 28.4 California .. ------490 385,524 809.7 1,302. 6 Maryland.------102 92, 012 138.4 216.9 1 (1) (1) 4.0 District of Columbia. ____ ----- 2' (1) (1) 7. 7 A~-!~t~======4 ,(1) (1) 15.5

I Withheld to avoid disclosing figures for individual companies. and certain other adjustments developed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in their study of direct and indirect employment attributable to exports. NOTE.-Figures may not add because of rounding. The $9,800,000,000 in exports The n ational total figures were prepared by the Bureau of Labor Eltatistics, based reported in this survey were mad,e by establishments with 100 employees or more and largely on census export data and census "bridge" tables on export and industry clas­ exporting $25,000 or more in 1960. Based on a census company survey covering 1958, sification systems. these establishments account for substantially all shipments known to the m anufac­ .Regional and State distributions of exports, not reported directly by manufacturers, turer to be destined for export. The $5,600,000,000 in ex ports not reported in the survey were estimated by the Office of Business Economics and the Bureau ol International would be accounted for chiefly by products shipped through wholesalers, independ­ Programs, U. S. Department of Commerce, in order to account for local origin of all ent export houses, etc., and by small manufacturers. manufacturing exports. The figures reported by manufacturers are from a survey The exports shown in this table are in f.o. b. plant values. The total value at port is conducted by the Census Bureau of plants with more than 100 employees included ip estimated at $16,898,000,000, and exceeds the 1960 Census Bureau's totals for manu­ the annual survey of manufacturers. factured foodstuffs, semimanufactures and finished manufactures by some $g()(),OOO,OOO. Figures given here include exports to Puerto Rico, bunker sales of fuel to foreign vessels.. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce. The value of the Midwest's manufactured Lakes ports hi New York and Pennsylvania; for this factor can easiJ.Y be made, how­ exports was $5,446 million in 1960; the value these ports surely draw tramc primarily from ever, by assuming that "'these exports are of manufactured expo~ts shipped via the their own States. If we ·exclude these ports' produced at an even fiow' during the ·year. Great Lakes ports was $327 million in 1961. $14,900,000 .of exports from the estimates, On this basis, at least two-thirds of the area's Great Lakes ports, in other words, shipped then about 5.75 percent of the remaining exports would be ready for shipment during about 6 percent of the exports produced in Great Lakes area's export production is the seaway shipping season, or between the Great Lakes area. By contrast, the ports shipped via Great Lakes ports. But, as $3,630 and $4,222 million, according .. on the Delaware River (primarily Philadel­ stated above, the Pittsburgh area actually to the 1960 Commerce Department study. phia) shipped $301 million worth of man­ lies in the Cleveland hinterland, rather than The Great Lakes ports are still shipping only ufactured exports in 1960, while its hinter­ in that of Erie . . Cleveland also is the cheap­ between 7.5 and 9 percent of this potential land of Pennsylvania, Delaware, and half est port of export for nearly all of West tramc. , of New Jersey produced $1,666 million worth Virginia. The hinterlands of various other Rather than enter into a deta,iled discus-. of such exports. Philadelphia's share was Great Lakes ports include the northern half sian of other factors tending to limit the about 18 percent, three times that of the "()f Tennessee, if not more; and much of Col­ Great Lakes' s.hipment of exports, it is con­ Great Lakes ports. . orado. (including Denver), Wyoming, and venient to defer consideration of them to This comparison, striking as it is, under­ Montana. If we allow for these areas, by chapter 6, where they will be discussed. in states the situation; it is surely too favor­ adding the value of manufactured exports connection with the port . of. Milwaukee. able to the Great Lakes. On the one hand, for all of West Virginia and one-half of However, before then, we shall analyze the Philadelphia is about halfway between the Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Colorado, Wyoming, other side of Great Lakes foreign trade, im­ two major general cargo ports of the east and Montana, the total production in the ports; and then sumxp.arize the.total foreign coast (and of the Nation), New York, and Great Lakes area is $6,334 million, of which trade of the region. Baltimore. Its cost advantages in its as­ .the area's ports ship about 5.1 percent.8 sumed hinterland are likely to be very small. Whichev:er hinterland is used in the meas­ F:u.rther, the western part of Pennsylvania, urements, the point is the same. There are "NEUTRALISM" ·ME:.ANS: DEFEAT IN including Pittsburgh, is fn fact in the hin­ several reasons for the predominance of east SOUTH VIETNAM terland of the Great Lakes ports; Pittsburgh coast ports in this country:'s general cargo Mr. ZABLOCKI: Mr. Speaker, I ask itself lies in the hinterland of Cleveland. exports. Most obyious is the seasonal nature Including this heavy-industry area in the of shipping via the Great Lakes; the St. unanimous consent to address the House Philadelphia hinterland drastically overesti­ Lawrence Seaway·is only open between 8 and for 1 minute, to revise·and extend my re­ mates that port's potential exports. 9 months of the year. A rough allowance marks, and to include extraneous matter. On the other hand, the Great Lakes ports' · The SPEAKER. · Is there objection hinterlands . are understated in the above 8 As stated in the previous footnote, justifi­ ·to the request of the gentleman from enumeration. Th'is is obvlous in the Gase of cation for including these areas in the ports' Wisconsin? Erie, Buffalo, Oswego_. and the .other Great hinterlands will be given inch. 6. There was no objection. 4250 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 3 Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker; on News Service correspondent, pointed out make our stand in Vietnam, as long as February 20, I took the floor of the the adverse affect of "neutralist" sugges­ the freedom-loving people of that nation House to point out the dangers inherent ·uons: ask our assistance in fighting commu­ ·in suggestions that neutralization be con­ [From the Chicago DailY. News Service, nism. sidered a solution to the current conflict Feb. 22, 1964] 1 Neutralization is no solution; neutrali­ in South Vietnam. ANTI-RED CAUSE IN ViETNAM PERILED BY U.S. zation means defeat. Let us not allow The suggestions had come from North . INCONSTANCY fancy rhetoric or a narrow view of our Vietnam, from France's President de (By Keyes Beech) national interest blind us to that fact. Gaulle, from some American newspapers SAIGON, February 21.-Perhaps the gravest To me our course in Vietnam is clear. and even from our own legislative halls. threat to the anti-Communist cause in South We must stay and assist the South Viet­ On that previous date, my deep con­ Vietnam and the rest of southeast Asia today namese defeat the Vietcong, no matter cern was that such expressions from re­ is not Communist guns and terrorism but how long the fight, no matter what the spected Americans and American press American inconstancy. commitment of resources. organs would have a debilitating effect This was underlined today by Saigon's re­ In conclusion, I wish to commend the action to Senate Majority. Leader MIKE attention of my colleagues to an article on the morale of the South Vietnamese MANSFIELD's apparent acceptance of French people, and thereby adversely affect the President de Gaulle's premise that the war which appeared in the Washington Post war effort. here cannot be won and the only solution is last Sunday written by Zbigniew Br1e­ Mr. Speaker, I · fear that my worst to neutralize all southeast Asia. zinski, noted expert on communism. Dr. fears have, indeed, been realized. MANSFIELD's statement strengthened a Brzezinski presents cogent arguments on Recent news reports from Sout~ Viet­ growing body of opinion among Vietnamese how and why neutralization of South nam have emphasized the concern and and Americans here that the United States V.i etnam would be a U.S. defeat and a is sick of this war and is looking for a way handover to Peiping: consternation which have greeted calls out. for neutralfzation emanating from the Officially there was no reaction'. Privately "NEUTRAL" VIETNAM A CHINESE BACKYARD: United States. and unofficially, reaction ran the gamut of NOTED STUDENT OF COMMUNISM SAYS DE In a story to the New York Times, clich~s from shock to dismay to anger. GAULLE SUGGESTION WOULD BE U.S. DEFEAT which appeared Monday, Correspondent "Of course it wasn't the Senator's inten­ AND HANDOVER TO PEIPING Peter Grose reported: · tion to give aid and comfort to the Commu­ (By Zbigniew Brzezinski) nists and undermine' Vietnamese and Ameri­ Pre~ident de Gaulle's recent press confer­ What Premier Khanh and members of his can morale," said a top American official. Government seem to regard as their most ence has had at least one bopeflt: lt h<~s pressing danger is the impatience ::md des­ "But that's exactly what he did. And he forced us to rethink our purposes and our couldn't have done a better job if his speech methods in southeast Asia. :Now ~e hc~.ve to pair among Americans and that this could had been written in Hanoi." lead to a withdrawal of the large-scale m111- decide whether we are going to pull out of Over a beer in the Bar Cintra, an Ameri­ South Vietnam or whether we will reaffirm tary aid that has supported the country's an­ can helicopter pilot with a Purple Heart was ti-Communist war effort for over 2 years. our determination to stay. ' heard to say, "If we are going to throw in the Should we decide to get out, we may choose In the same story, Grose also stated towel, then I'd just as soon go home now to neutralize South Vietnam as a transitional that:. instead of next month." face-saving device. It is hard to believe that That MANSFIELD was expressing his per­ a political realist like General de Gaulle had Statements favoring a neutral solution in sonal views rather than speaking for the Vietnam• made by influential Americans, in­ any other purpose -in suggesting it except to Johnson administration was a distinction extricate the United State& from a region cluding Senator MIKE MANSFIELD, have con­ that most Vietnamese and Americans failed tributed to demoralization here that dip- which. as he has stated, he considers to be to draw. primarily a responsib1lity of China . . lomats are looking to Mr. McNamara to This was especially so in view of MANS­ dispel. Indeed. I Ftrongly suspect that De Gaulle FIELD's position as Senate majority leader has concluded that the United States is In Sunday's New York· Times, Col­ and the background knowledge vf this area. neither capable nor has the w1ll to stay in. umnist James Reston, in an article eh­ that he has acquired through frequent visits. southeast Asia. In keeping with his geo­ There was e·ven a suspicion that he was political concepts, involving a demarcated titled "The Blabbermouth Approach to speaking with White House sanction when world dominated by several major powers, he Vietnam" had this to say.: · he quoted President Johnson's comment on feels that to stabilize the situation in Meanwhile, the majority leader in the De Gaulle's neutralization proposal: "If we southeast Asia, the area must be handed Senate, MI'KE MANSFIELD, of Montana, seems· could have neutralization.of both North Viet­ over to the Chinese. "Neutralization" is a to have been _siding publicly with President nam and South Vietnam I am sure that gracious way of doing this. de Gaulle of France on ·negotiation of some would be considered sympathetically." vague policy of neutralizing Vietnam, and American officials here made two major DISARMING APPROACH while this was not.done with the approval or. points to rebut a neutralization solution: His approach bears a striking resemblance even the prior knowledge of the administra­ 1. The war in South Vletnam admittedly is to his handling of the Algerian problem. tion, it is hard to convince apybody in Sai­ not going well, and after two changes of Knowing full well that neither the French gon or elsewhere abroad that such a casual government in 3 months, political stab111ty people nor the French army would swallow relationship ·exists between the administra­ is lacking. But the situation is by no means a flat statement to the effect that France tion and its chief spokesman in the Senate. hopeless, and Vietcong capabilities are st1ll mu'st a)?andon Algeria, De Gaulle success­ limited. The new Government headed by fully obf1,1scated the issue by a number of Mr. Reston concluded his ob8ervations Gen. Nguyen Khanh stlll has to prove itself. misleading pronouncements while steadily by commenting on: · ~. But, on the other hand, it is moving in the ~dging toward the Evian agreement. His suggestion that the United States agree THE NEUTRALIST D~NGER right direction. · 2. Neutralization simply' is not possible ex­ to the neutralization of southeast Asia is The most dangerous and likely immediate cept on Communist terms, which means E:Ur­ very much on the same order. He realizes prospect is not that the Communists wlll win rendering all southeast Asia to Chinese Com­ that a flat propQsal that the United States the war in South ·vietnam or that ~the United. munist domination. , B_esides, Communist disavow its previous commitments would States will carry the war to North Vietnam, North Vietnam has already made it abun­ create a furor in America and would not but that in the atmosphere of rumor, ·con­ further hi~ objectives. "Neutralization" fusion and intrigue in Saigon another coup dantly clear that it will not accept neu­ tr~lization. sounds more acceptable. d'etat, the third in 100 qays, will bring in Conceivably, he takes neutralization seri­ a neutralist South Vietnamese Government Mr. Speaker, in addition to the adverse ously. In that case, he is unrealistic. It that will order us out and negotiate a"settle­ effects which American suggestions ·or can be flatly stated that _neutralization of ment that will leave the Communists free to neutralization have had in South Viet­ southeast Asia is not a politically viable take over. . nam, damage has been done elsewhere. alternative. In our age, the only successful · This would be almost as bad for the West cases of neutralization involve Finland, as a military disaster. We could not impose In Thailand, Government officials are watching this co11ntry carefully to de­ Austria, and Yugoslavia. In all cases, the our presence on a South Vietnamese Govern­ country neutralized rested between two ment that didn't want us, and with U.S. pow..t termine whether the will of the United major and cohesiv~ power blocs. er out of Vietnam, the situation would really, States to resist Communist aggression in INTERNALLY VIABLE in the President's phrase, ~ ·go to pot.•' The Southeast Asia fs wavering .. Any U.S . . Communists . would be _free to expand in moves toward neutralization in South Each side realized that· a move against the southeast Asia almost at will. · neutrality of the states concerned would · Vietnam are sure to cause serious reper- precipitate countermoves from the ot;her Other newspapermen have made sim­ ·cussions in United States-Thai relatb'ns. side. Furthermore, both in the Austrian and ilar observations. In a story ·which ap­ We pannot give ·way--or appear: to give . in the Finnish ·cases, domes.tic Communist peared in the Washington Pqst on Feb­ way_.:before the expansionist policies of subversion had been suppressed by the gov­ ruary 22, Keyes Beech, · Chicago Da.Hy Communist China. Instead, we must ernments concerned. Hence there was in- 196.1, . ·CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD- HOUSE' ' 4251 · · temal 'political ·viab111ty -of the sort . that ··negative impaet on. the Amerlcan domestic extent to . which ·both -are inextricably · ·. does not extst.i:n South Vietnam or, for that .. -scene. ·n ·would reawaken extreme right- tied to the· fate, . the future, and the matter, elsewhere in southeast Asia. wing claims that there has been a new . progress .of democracy itself. ~ Yugoslavia became · neutral after havin~ betrayal, and it could result in a new waye We Americans ·have a great deal to.· been expelled from the co111muni~t camp. · of extr~ism in 2 or 3 years from now. take pride ·in and .a great dea~ to be Its new neutrality was successfully m~in- ' · ·tained- with Ameitcan aid and' came to 'Qe ' thankful for, so far as. democracy is-con- stabilized precisely because on the · ~ne hand A'TRmUTE'TO THE AMERICAN cemed. ·Through hard work, persever- Yugoslavia was· faced by a homogeneous · · LEGION · · ance and .native intelligence, Wf--'that is Stalinist bloc and on the other, in -Italy and . . to say, our a:ncestor~stablished a re- Greece, by NATO. Furthermore; Tito ·wa.s · Mr. BURKE. . Mr. Speaker, I ask markable Nation on. this·continent, ca- in charge of a united Communist state·. . He . unanimous consent to address the House pable of. surpassing .all others ·. in tbe did not have a "South Yugoslavia" to· con• . for 1 minute and to revise and ·extend my .fields of commerce,· industrial produc-. quer, like Ho Chi-minh. · · remarks. · · · · Last but· not least ~ these states were · · tion, anci technological'' skills. In .all neutralized not as a result of internal Com- The SEEAKER. · Is there objection this, we have .every .right te pride: We munist pressure and military· aggression and · to· the request o! the gentleman from ·must, however, give additional credit to in the wake of repeated American _commit- Massac~usetts? .· : . . . . sources other than ourselves. For we ments to defend them which then had to be There was no ObJeCtiOn. · have, .in fact, been blessed with the disavowed. The very 'ract cif past American · : MF. BURKE. :. Mr .. Speaker,· the fourth greatest of luck, ·in the history of our . commitp1ents to defend . southeast Asia, · · annual A!llerican - Legion Washington l't' d which . now would have to be_disavowed for National Conference is being . held this po 1 Ical evelopment. . . the · n -ke of the so-cane~ n~utralizatioll:- week. . Nation3.l Commander of the . In the first place, th~re has never been would further weaken the conviCtion ·or the·, . - . . · . . a case in which ou·r political leaders have · part~es involved that their neut~ality was . Legion~ D.~m~l F. Foley, Will dir.ect. the: sold us down ·the river, for ·the sake of .protected by the balanced antagonism of two executive sessiOns .of ~he 1•200 top legiOn- personal gain. That has heen the fate equally determined blocs. naires from 54 American Legion depart-· Neutt-alization of South. Vietnam today,.. ments. Mr. Foley, from Wabasha, of. many -republics-:-pot ours, however. even if ·acoompm1ied by a formal neutraltza-. Minn·., is the -brother of Eugene Foley, Nor has our military leadership ever, in our· histo.ry, moved to· take control of tion of ·North Vietnam; would ~e ~otl?Jng Actininistrator of the Small Business less than an American defeat. . Furtherm<_>:re, . ·Administration, and the 'Honorable John : the country.. , That is another way in it would leave southeast Asia witq-out ai?-Y · Foley formerly a Membe of Corig ess · which democratic-republican . govern- . countervailing political force to that. of from Maryland · .Mr Foler is to be c6m·- ~ent has. been killed off, time and again, China. In effect, it would transform that · d ·d f th. ' · t'f k h h . m other lands. Yet we, thank heaven, area into a Chinese political ·backyard. men e or . e ~xce 11 ~n wor e as . h b d th t 1 ·t · performed in' his present capacity and, ave. een spare a ca f_l.mi y. A Row ·oF DoMINos . as a· tribute to this performance, he is to. On~ of the reasons for o~r g~ fo;r- As a result it is certain beyond ques.tion. be awarded the "Lantern Award" on tune m these regards, I believe, lS that that there would be immediate political in- April 19, · 1964, at ·the Statler-Hilton ~mr Armed forc~s have been so closely stability in Thailand, whose northea.st is Hotel in . B"'ston, Mass. This award, Identifi_ ed With . the people themselves. al'i-eady exposed t<.> insurgency and whose ,J politicians are already fearful that American Which has ·national significance, is i:nade !hat IS .t~ .say, there ~lW~YS has been, commitments are not to be trusteli. Ma- a~ually by _the ~nights of Columbus. .. , 11_1 our CIVllla~ population, a lar~e con_":' laysia, until 2 years ago an area of Coinmu- and is given to one who has made an tmgent· o~ ~Ihtary veterans With ~he nist insurgency,. would be certain to 'fall,' and outstanding. patriotic contribution in his power to m~uence go~ernmental.. P_D~Icy. the collapse of these states would have a· particular field. of endeavor.. This will N?t pr?~eSSIO:t:lal s~ld1ers, ~ut CIVIlians direct lnipact on the present insurgency in be the eighth annual award and each with military expe~I~nce, they the~efor~ Burma. : . year a different occupational field is c~n un~erstand millta~y ne~ds .w 1 t~ou~ The collapse of the small southeast Asian selected. Past reci'pi'ents .nclu· de RI'ch- dist.rustmg dem_ocratic mstitutiOns. states would not only benefit Ch.ina politi- · 1 Th b d fA f h t cally and economically but it would be likely ard Cardinal Cushing, House Speaker .1s o Yo mer1~ans, fS:r rom t r~a - to have furt.her unsettiing eff~ts on Indi.a John W. McCormack, Attorney Genera] ~mng the · democrati~ fa.bnc of AmeriCan and · Indonesia. on~ canl}ot predict pre-. ·RObert F. Kennedy, .and ·J. Edgar life, have bolstered It, m every respect, cisely what would ha,ppen-but it is clear Hoover. · ·. · th::oughout the span of our national . that 'stability is not. to be sought through · In attendance at this conference ·is existence. · . . ne~~:al~~~~i~iLthat the area .~ is . doomed · in- Thomas E. Abely, present Commander It ~s ~here!~re ~n a~c:Iitional. blessing, evitably to come under Chinese domina- of the American Legion, Department of from. the n~tiOnal _pomt of VIew, ~hat tion simply ignol-es.India, in whose stabUity Massachusetts. Mr;· .. ·Abely, ' a constit• Am~ncan veterans have seen. ~t to or­ the West has an interest. It bears. a striking uent of mine from Canton Mass. was · gamze, the .better to serve tl;leir mterests resemblance to the argument made ofteh in elected at the June 1963 c~nventi~n at and the interests of the· Nation, the late 1940's to the eff-ect that Europe Quincy, Mass. His administration has combined. · . couJ~ not be maintal.lied _against the powerful been ·featured by . a highly succ.essful As the largest of veterans organiza­ Russta_. · Just as the aggressors have been seminar at Boston College in Legion tions, the American Legion has ta~en oontairiM in Europe and coun~rvalling, , affairs, the establ'shmerit. of the first the lead-in this regar9, ~nd in so doing have been developed, so in Asia the department newspaper, and a memori'al has won for itself a place· of high stand-. Chinesefor~es sboi:tld · and can 'be contained, thereby giving a breathing :spell to·· the mass for· our :.late, -beloved President ing in the eyes of the. American people emerging and developing nations. John -F. Kennedy at the Cathedral of ...~nd all ether people of good will familiar . ANTI-RussiAN POLicY the Holy Cross in B9st.oli during Decem- t '}Vith its undertakings. · · · There is a. further 'dimension to ali' this. per 1963 . . Commander Abely,. a native,./: The history of the American Legio:Q, · The rapid expansion of Chines~ influence, , ·of Winthrop, Mass., was a military intel ~,j; from the time of fts formation, in Paris, achieved primarily because in southeast Asia ligenc.e operative in the·U.S. Army from· ' in the . year 1919, through 45 . years of China did persist in revolutionary war of'the · 1943 to 1945. He is . a graduate . of peace and war, has been one of devotion sort which the Soviets had considered dan- Northeastern University, .an employee o{ · to God and country. -In the minds of gerous, would tr.r.measurably· increa.l;e Chi~1!se .Oun & Bradstreet in Boston and has those who founded ·the organization, · · prestige within international communism made his home in Canton since 1941. were a number of ideals, uppermost of , and pla~e the So~tet leade..¥,8!1-ip und«::r ·enor- He was responsible for the success of the which were these: mous pressure. · . · · In fact, through failure to respond we annual dinner for National Commander First. Creation or' a fraternity based would be cooperating in an international Daniel F. Foley beld on ~ebruary 29; uppn firm .comtadeship born of war serv­ refutation of tpe

letter of July 30, 1963 to Secretary of the On January 31, 1964, when competitive Navy Purchasing Office, 600-254-6~, NavY Korth follows: bids were opened, the former rocket Jan. 31, 1964-LAU-7, launcher +PP-2315 Power Unit DEAR MR. SECRETARY: In connection with launcher price of $4,500 each paid under the LAU-7( ) launcher and the PP- 2315/A noncompetitive conditions dropped to LAU-7, guided misslle launcl;ler, to be 1n power supply, please advise me what dis­ $1,040 each, and the former sole source accordance with mmtary specification MIL­ position was made of BuWeps Control No. · L-22520A(Wep) dated May 25, 1962, and with power supply price of about $2,000 each amendment No. 1, as modified in the invita­ 4770-63 and 4771-63. Also, wlll you please went all the way down to $953. As a supply me with a single copy of each of these tion. Quantity 2,612 units, approximately, procurement documents. matter of fact, there was a bid for the plus bids required for approxima~ly 2,092 Please identify the BuWeps engineer who power supply that was $100 less, but in units of the PP-2315/A power supply per has cognizance over the procurement of this making the bid set so complicated, the M1l-P-22621A(Wep) as modified, also bids on equipment, giving me his name, rank or Navy made it impossible for this bidder 2,558 units of the LAU-7/ A launcher includ­ grade and room number. to get the power supply contract. Thus, ing the PP-2315/ A power supply as a sin­ Also arrange to supply me with a photo­ gle package price. (Prior awards LAU- the Navy, thanks to its own inefficiency, I stat copy of U.S. Naval Ordnance Test Sta­ will still be paying $100 more for each 7 A to Douglas for about 250 units at $4,500; tion, China Lake, Calif., memorandum dated plus awards to Benrus for PP-2315/A at an May 31, 1963, from code 5522 to code 405 power supply than really necessary. approximate price of $2,000--last negotiated BuWeps making a report on investigation Here is the transcript of bids, showing by NAFI with all materials Government­ of PP-2315/A power supply failures. Your the dramatic results~ furnished to Benrus for $501. · early attention to this request wm be ap­ preciated. Sincerely yours, Launcher Power unit LAU-7 PP-2315/A EARL WILSON, Member of Congress. Name of firm bidding IFB 254-64 and terms offered: Nine days later I received my answer. 1. Varo, Inc., 2201 Walnut St., Garland, Tex., D. R. Taylor, general manager Elec- tronic Products Division, Broadway 6-6141(214), submitting 2 sets of quotlittons It answered my past questions and told otherwise unexplained here. ______------'_ $1,040.00 $953. ()() me where to look for more information. Varo's 2d quotation under this invitation______- 1, 058.00 970. ()() Here is the answer I received: 2. Bogue Electric Manufacturing Co.,100 Pennsylvania Ave., Paterson, ~.J., W.-L~­ Guttenberg, vice president, dial201 LA 5-2200------1,297.00 1, 450. {)() Industrie~ McKellip~ MY DEAR MR. CONGRESSMAN: This is in fur­ 3. Talley Inc., 455 East Rd., Mesa1 Ariz., telephone 602 ther reply to your letter of July 30, 1963, to WO 4-2981, A. ;:;tamatakis, vice president of administratiOn ______1, 301.70 1, 457.81 4. Missile Systems Corp. of Texas, Emtex Division, 1000 West Crosby Rd., Carroll- the Secretary of the Navy, in which you re­ ton, Tex., W. W. Upfield, vice-president, CH 7-176L ______1, 479.69 1, 490.36 quest certain information on the LAU-7( ) 5. Sperry Faf!agut Co., Division Sperry Rand, Bristol, Tenn., Earl C. MacConnac, launcher and the PP-2315/A power supply. vice president, works manager, phone 615-968-1151------1, 510.50 1,248. 89 The requests for proposals issued under 6. Weston Instruments & Electronics Division of Daystrom Inc Archbald Pa M. S. Dell' Agelio, director of contracts, phone 717-876-1500_ --·~------~----·~- 1, 535.00 1,170. ()() our control numbers 4770-63 and 4771-63 7. Nortronics, DivisioJ?- of Northrop Corp., Marine Equipment Department, 77 A have been canceled. A copy of each is at­ St., Needham He~.ghts, Mass., L. M. Chattier, vice president, manager, 617- tached in accordance with your request. 449-0400 ______------1, 545.80 1, 404.20 Mr. Lee Morgan, GS-14, room 1W64, has 8. Hughes Aircraft Co., Aerospace Group, El Segundo Division, Post Office Box 90515, Los Angeles, Calif., E. M. Boykin, vice president, 213 Orchard 0-1515 __ 1, 569.00 1,181. 00 engineering cognizance over the launcher. 9. Standard Armament, Inc., 631 Allen Ave., Glendale, Calif., Curtis Correll, sales Mr. WUliam Burch, GS-14, room 1W64, has manager, Victoria !H314 ___ ------______1, 585.22 1,638. 25 engineering cognizance over the power sup­ 10. Raytheon Co., Lexington, Mass.,J. G. Stobo, vice president, GM Missile Systems Division, phone 617-862-6600, making 2 quotations ______1,687. 00 1,448. {)() ply. It should be noted, however, that the Raytheon's 2d· quotation here ______---______1,851.00 1,611.00 procurement of these items is not handled 11. Consolidated Diesel Electric Corp., 880 Canal St., Stamford, Conn. 203-325-2261 by the technically cognizant engineers, but J. I. Davis, vice president------~------~- 1,810. ()() 1, 445. {)() rather by our production and contracting And other bids: Burton Manufacturing Co., Linochine Emerson Arvin Ent­ whistle, Benrus at $2,112.84 and $1,345.24; and others from Electro~ic Specialty groups. Mr. Richard S. Chambers of our Edo, Allied Ordnance, Westinghouse, Midway Model Bendix Red Bank' Aircraft Production Division is responsible Gen~ral Electric, ITT San Fernando, Sargent 1hetcher,'Decitron, and more: for establishing the requirements and initiat­ One m teresting figure is the $873 power supply bid from Burton: Burton Manu­ ing the procurement action. fac~ing Co., 7922 Haskell Ave., Van Nuys, Calif., 91406, M. N. Lompart, I am also attaching a copy of the Naval president, telephone 213-781-8910------1, 849.00 873.00 Ordnance Test Station, China Lake, Calif., memorandum dated May 31, 1963, which you Speaking again of the low bids, Mr. although I will not be surprised if this requested. Sincerely yours, Speaker, the price dropped to less than is denied. W.T.HINES, one-third the sole-source price when It was Chambers who caused to be is­ Bear Admiral, U.S. Navy, competitive bidding was forced. It is a sued such a complicated bid document. Deputy Chief, Bureau of Naval· Weapons. sad -testimony to the economy and effi­ This is an example of the inefficiency ciency of the NavY that this economy and slipshod work that has been going on From close contacts in both the elec­ had to be forced and prodded, however. unchecked for years under the sacred­ tronic industry and the NavY. I learned The only way to control the cost of cow protection of national defense. that, at one time, a contract had already Government is by dealing in specifics, by Mr. Speaker, but for information given been given to one of the two sole source naming people, dates, places, and items. me from inside NavY, and but for help firms for its signature. This would not from the electronic industry, here is have been a binding contract until the The President prefers to control the cost oi Government by turning the lights off another case where the taxpayers' pocket Navy had signed it in any event, but it would have been picked and more tax was quickly called back in when the sole in the White House. I think it can best source procurement was canceled. be done by turning the lights on the dollars flushed down the drain. On September 26, 1963, a competitive waste in the Defense Department so the This is just another polecat chased purchase plan was issued for both of people can see the finagling that squan­ out of the woodpile. There are thou­ these equipments. Mr. Speaker, that IFB ders their tax dollars. sands .more, enough for all Members of was so complicated that a Philadelphia In that regard, it is necessary that the .Congress, if they could only· find time to lawyer might have to enlist the aid of person who had the sole-source tracks spend on the project. . a Washington lawyer to understand it. laid out for this rocket launcher be identified. His name is Richard Chaln­ Mr. Speaker, there was every reason to bers, and he is in the NavY's Aircraft FEDERAL TAX ON .GAMBLERS A believe that this purchase could be made BIG FLOP at a dramatic saving to the taxpayer if . Production Division. He is the man industry was fully informed. Seeking chiefly responsible for,. this NavY-maqe Mr: FINO. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ -·' to aid manufacturers and to help them mess. mous consent to address the House for 1 help prove-again-the desirability of It was Chambers who had this buy set minute and to revise and extend my responsible competitive bidding, I wrote up to go sole source in the first place and remarks. to the 260 firms listed on the NavY De­ who would have. wasted 225 percent ·of The SPEAKER. Is there objection partment bidders list for this equipment, the taxpayers' money but for the fact to the request. of the gentleman !rom both transmitting information and ask:. · that someone looked over his shoulder. New York? ing pertinent questions. The informa­ ·As I have said, there was information There was no objection. tion I sent was unclassified but was not that the contracts were already drawn Mr. FINO. Mr. Speaker,· after 12 long of a generally circulated nature. up before I made my first formal inquiry, years, ·we find that the 1951 Federal tax 4254 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 3 on gamblers is still a big flop. This tax The Government of the United States, Concerning the · fulflllment of the has failed miserably not only as a rev­ along with 20 other nations, signed the treaty's commitment, disputes between enue producer but as a gambling stopper convention 2 days after it was unani- contracting parties with regard to acts as well. · mously approved by the United Nations of genocide, and State responsibility, When Congress imposed this $50 stamp General Assembly on December 9, 1948. shall be submitted to the International and 10 percent tax, which the Supreme It came into force on January 12, 1951, Court of Justice. That is to say, another Court in 1958 interpreted as govern­ as between ratifying states. State can allege before the International mental recognition of gambling in the The intent of this agreement is tin- Court that an act of genocide has been United States, it was then believed that it ambiguous. The contracting parties, committed by some other state. would pump into our Treasury at least confirming that genocide is a crime both Although national courts have juris­ $400 million a year based on estimates in peace and war, undertake to prevent diction to prosecute cases occurring with­ that the gamblers' annual take was $4 and punish it. Article I defines genocide in their national borders, the Hague billion a year. · as the intent to destroy, in whole or part, Court can entertain complaints entered The sad story is that after 12 full a national, ethnical, racial, or religious by one state against another. years, gamblers have paid into the cof­ group. There is nothing unusual about this. fers of our Treasury only $86.9 million Acts within the context of the defini- International tribunals of one sort or out of their multibillion-dollar illicit tion are: killing members of the group; another have been deciding interna­ earnings. This is a far cry from the $5 causing serious bodily or mental harm tional disputes since the 17th century. billion which Uncle Sam should have col­ to members of the group; deliberately If we undertake to camply with the pro­ lected since 1952 under the old estimates inflicting on the group co'llditions of life. visions of the treaty to· prevent and of gamblers' earnings. Further proof calculated to bring about its physical punish the crime of genocide, then there that this law is a farce is evidenced by destruction in whole or in part; impos- should be no reason to fear the proper the fact that only about 10,000 persons . ing measures intended to prevent births execution of that undertaking. History have admitted being gamblers by buying within the group; forcibly transferring teaches us that most agreements are but their stamps and paying their Federal children of the group to. another group. scraps of paper unless there is estab- wagering tax. , Conspiracy, public and direct incite- lished, by mutual consent, adequate Mr. Speaker, reports from the McClel­ ment, and the attempt to commit ~eno- machinery for implementation. lan committee show that gambling in cide are punishable. Concern has also been voiced that this country has grown into a $10 bil­ It must be recognized, Mr. Speaker, this agreement could be used by other lion a year tax-free monopoly from that the bulk of the offenses associated nations to interfere, vocally or otherwise, which the underworld crime syndicates with genocide are already punishable in our racial situation. line ·their filthy pockets with $10 billion under our criminal law. Our undertak- This covenant has nothing to do with a year. Now, if this Federal wagering ing under this treaty would not funda- racial or minority discrimination. It tax was at all effective . it would pump mentally create new law. does not aim at the denial of human into our Treasury at least $1 billion a At the hearings held before a sub- rights to individuals. It relates ex­ year. The results show otherwise. committee of the Senate Foreign Rela- elusively to mass extermination, the in­ It is very difficult, Mr. Speaker, for tions Committee in early 1950, some per- tent to destroy thousands of people pre­ our American taxpayers to understand sons of the legal community leveled a cisely because of their race, national the double role played by our Govern­ erigin, or religion. s t anc h and • a t t imes, impassione d a-t - Nothing like this has ever occurred in ment. While we assume a sanctimoni­ tack. First, let me say that I am. not ous attitude about gambling, we tax against this Nation undertaking inter- this country. In fact, our constitutional gamblers, gambling winnings, and admis­ national commitments. Much of the system makes it quite impossible. sions to racetrac~ and yet refuse to ac- · criticism resulted from a faulty inter.;. Moreover, genocide is characteris­ cept the obvious. pretation of the treaty's provisions. Op- tic~lly incited, condoned, or directed by If we stopped all of this doubletalk ponents claimed that the Genocide Con- governments, and not by individuals hypocrisy and really faced the fiscal facts· vention would abrogate constitutional acting on their own. of life and if we recognized the normal and sovereign rights. There are others who have contested gambling spirit of the American people I cannot agree. For the most part, we that the Genocide Treaty will impose a and capitalized on it through a national great new body of law, and that this lottery, we would not only help solve the are merely giving international sanctity encumbrance will complicate the rela- ever-growing gambling problem in the ta nationally recognized crimes. We are tionship of the States and the Federal United States but we would also trans­ extending the law created at Nuremberg Government under the Constitution. to cover acts committed during peace- fer at least•$10 billion a year from the time. We are attempting to prevent, The States will allegedly be deprived of underworld into our own Treasury-for forever, the wholesale slaughter of a vast field of criminal jurisprudence. the public benefit. human beings. We all know that Federal and State What are we waiting for? Now Mr. Speaker, I have heard a few courts exercise concurrent jurisdiction respected authorities claim that under in many areas of criminal law. Just be- . · cause a new offense has been added to URGE RATIFICATION OF GENOCIDE this agreement, the-United States obli- the relatively small list of international CONVENTION gates itself to intervene wherever the practice of genocide may arise. Noth- wrongs does not mean State Bithority is The SPEAKER. Under previous order ing could be further from the truth, diminished. of the House, the gentleman from New though I am not personally rejecting the Constitutionally, the courts of this Na- York [Mr. HALPERN] is recognized for . tion are obligated to enforce interns­ 15 minutes. value of such a provision. On the con- tiona! law. The law of nations is part Mr. HALPERN. Mr. Speaker, more trary, the language of the treaty does of our law. Treaties duly signed and than a dozen years have passed since not authorize a unilateral guarantee. ratified according to our constitutional the Senate was asked to confer its ad­ The form of implementation is clearly procedures become the supreme law of vice and consent to the convention on laid down and restrictive. the 1an d . Th e power to d efin e and the prevention and punishment of the Article 6 provides that domestic courts punish offenses rests with the Federal crime of genocide. I rise again to ap­ shall exercise primary jurisdiction. An Government. peal that the United States commit it­ international tribunal may be estab- It has been our experience that both self internationally to what has long lished, at some later date and with the customary and conventional interna­ been principle and law in this country. agreement of the contracting parties. tional law is adopted into the system of . This is a vital matter that should no It wo~d be highly desirable for an ~n- jurisprudence. This, of course, is essen­ longer be delayed. I urge that the sense ternat~onal court to try offenders of m- tial for the proper conduct of foreign of this House be expressed in support ternat10nal law, but I doubt very much . relations. of Senate ratification of the Genocide that the ratifying powers will ever con- · ·The Genocide Convention carries the Convention by adoption of my resolu­ sent to this procedure, considering their proViso that States will enact legislation· tion-House Resolution 1591. historical reluctance to grant the World providing for effective penalties for per­ Sixty-seven states have now ratified Court, and other institbltions, appro- sons guilty of genocide acts. This is a and acceded to the treaty provisions. priate authority. necessary article of implementation. 1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - ·HOUSE 4255 Mr. Speaker, I have attempted to re­ Article I: The Contracting Parties confirm Instruments of accession shall be deposited . fute the most common objections raised that genocide, whether committed in time with the · Secretary-General of the U.1,1ited. of peace or in time of war, is a crime under Nations. against the Genocide Convention. There international .law- which they undertake to Article XII: Any .contracting party may·at are some people of isolationist persuasion prevent and to punish. . any time, by notification ad~d to the who have read things into this· treaty Article · I~: In the present Convention, Secretary Genera~ of the Vnited Nations, ex­ , which are not there. Fear and igno.: genocide means any of the following acts tend the application of·the present Conven­ ranee are at the root of their folly. · committed with intent to destroy, in whole tion to all or any of the territories for. the ' This Nation cannot in good conscience or in part, a national, ethnical. racial. or re- conduct of whose foreign relations that.con- ~~i ligious group as such: · · tracting party is :respo~ble. ~ · -., stand for international norms of (a) K1lling members of the group; Article XIII; On the day when the flrst morality and good will, and then reject (b) Causing serious b.odily or mental harm twenty instruments of ratification or accea- . this treaty. Its provisions are in perfect to members of the group; sion have been deposlted; the Secretary Gen­ concert with the principles of law and (c) Deliberately infticting on the group eral shall draw up a prooes-verbaf and trans­ justice which lie at the base of ·our way conditions of Ufe calculated to bring about mit a copy of it to each member Of the of life. · its physicial destruction in whole or in part; ·United Nations and to each of the nonmem­ (d) Imposing measures intended to pre­ ber states contemplated in Article XI. Is it realistic for our citizens to fear· 'ltent births within the group; The present Convention shall come into the application of an international un­ ( e} Forcibly transferring children of the force on the 90th day following the date of . dertaking of this nature? Certainly not. group to another group. · deposit of the 20th instrumenrt of ratification If any nat~on possesses a record clean of Article ni: The following acts. shall be or accession. . wholesale, arbitrary coercion, that na­ punishable: Any ratification· or accession efr~ted. sub- . tion is the United States. (a) Genocide; sequent to the latter date shall beoome ef­ It should be the declared purpose of (b) Conspiracy to commit genocide; fective on the 90th day following the deposit (c) Direct and public incitement to com- of the instrument of ratification or access-ion. this Government to further the cause of mit genocide; .. Article XIV: The present Convention shall international law. · The need for preserv­ (d) Attempt to commit genocide; remain in effect for a periOd ·or 10 years as ing and extending a body of law, appli- (e) Complicity in genocide . from· the date of ibl coming into force. . cable to all States, is even more pressing Article IV: Persons committing genocide or It shall thereafter remain in force tor suc­ today as the past · colonial possessions any of the other acts·enumerated in Ar.ticle cessive perlQCls :of 5 years for such contraCt­ enter the family of nations as equals. ni shall be punished, whether they are con­ ing parties as"bave not denounced it at least We must do all in our power to spare stitutionally responsib~e rulers, public otll- 6 ~onth& ~fore the ~ expiptiOp. of the .cur- them the errors and atrocities of a cials, or private individuals. rent period. - 'Article V: The contracting parties under­ Uenunciation s;hall 'be effected by a ~writ- · .l former period. . take to enact, in accorda.:Qce with their re­ ten notification address~ to the Secretary Indeed, Mr. Speaker, the security and sponsive constitutions, the necessary legisla­ General of the United Nations. · peace of the free world does not merely tion to give effect ..to the. provisions of the Article : XV~ If, as a result of denuncia­ depend upon blunt military strength. present Con,·ention · and, tn particular, to tions, the · number of parties to · the pre_sent It will likewise depend upon our ability provide effective penalties for persons gu1lty . Convention sP,ould become le86 tllan a·:.Xteen, to exert a worldwide compliance with c,>f genocide .or any of tl:).e other acts enu- the Convention shall cease to be in .force well-established customary, and codified, merated in Article m. from the Q.ate on which the last of these de- · Article VI: Persons charged ~ th genocide nunciations shall becdme . effec~ive. . · . law. The Charter of the United Nations or any of the other acts enumerated 'in Article XVI: A request f6r the revision af ~ itself, which outlaws force and threats of Article ni shall be tried by a competent .the present' Convention m'ay be made at any force, is an all-important cornerstone of tribunal of the State in the territory of time by any contracting party' by means of this developing law. which the .act was committed, or by such a notification in writing addressed to the '· The Genocide Convention contributes international penal tribunal as may ·have Secretary General. to the growth of universal legal p·ractice. . jurisdiction with respect to th~e contracting The Gener~l Assembly shall decide upon I do not shy away from the obligations parties which shall have accepted its juris­ the steps, if ' any, to be taken in respect of diction. such request. which this might entail. Sovereignty is Article vn: Genocide and the other acts Article XVII: The Secretary.General of the not surrendered in freely agreeing to enumerated.· in Article III shall not be con:. United NationS shall notify all members of comply with a. set of generally accepted sidered as politicai crimes for the purpose of . the United Nations and tlle nonmember rules. Government is in itself a com­ extradition. States contemplated in Article XI of the plex of commitments. And in the act of The contracting parties pledge themselves following: - deciding to observe certain rules, we are in such cases to grant extradition in accOrd­ (a) Signatures, ratifications and acces­ intrinsically exercising the sovereign pre­ ance with. their laws and treat!es.in .force. sions received in accordance with Article XI; Article VIII: Any contracting party may (b) Notifications received in accordance rogative. call upon the competent organs of the United wlth Article XII; I ask, Mr. Speaker, that this Nation Nations· to take such action under the (c) The date upon which the present con­ join with others in condemning the mon­ Charter of the United Nations as they con­ vention comes into force in accordance with strous crime of genocide. Surely this sider appropriate for the prevention and Article XIII; should not overly tax our prejudices, our suppression of acts of genocide or. ·any of (d) Denunciations received in accordance sensitivities, our imperfections. the other ayts enumerated in Art!cle III. with Article XIV; · The Senate Committee on Foreign Re­ Article IX: Disputes between the contract­ (e) The abrog81tion of the Convention in ing parties rela.ting to the interpretation, accordance with Article XV; lations should reopen hearings on the application or fulfillment of the· present Con­ (f) Notifications received in accordance Genocide Convention forthwith. I urge vention, including those reJating to the re­ with Article XVI. my colleagues to give this matter long sponsibility of a Sta;te for genocide . or ·Article XVIII: The original of the present and serious thought. With your per­ any of the other acts enumerated in Article Convention shall be deposited in the archives mission, I am appending the ofticial text III, shall be submitted to the International of the United Nations. of the treaty to my remarks, so that Co'Ql"t of Justice at the request of any of the A certified copy of the Convention shall be Members may read the ·document at parties to the dispute. transmitted to all membe~ of the United their leisure. Article X: . The present Convention, of Nations and to the nonmember States con­ ~ which __the Chinese, English, French, Russian, templated. ln Article XI. T!:lq' OF THE CONVENTION ON GENOCIDE and Spanlsh texts ·are equally authentic, Article XIX: The present Convention shall The contracting parties, shall bear the date of December 9, 1948. be registered by the Secretary General of Having considered the declaration ·made by Article XI: The present Convention sha:ll the United · N~tions on the date of its coming the General Assembly of the United -Nations be open. until December 31, 1949, for ~igna­ into force. in lts Resolution 96(I) and dated December ture on behalf of any member of the United Nations and of any nonmember State· to 11; 1946, that genocide is a crime under in­ . BULGARIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY ternational law, contrary · to the spirit imd which an invitation to sign has been ad­ aims of the United Nations and condemned dressed by the General Assembly. Mr. . FOUNTAIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask by the civilized world; The present Convention shall be ratified, unanimous consent that the gentleman 8IIld. the instruments of· ratification shall be from New York [Mr. MuLTER] ma.r ex­ Recognizing that at all periods of history deposited witl:). the Secretary-General of the genocide has infiicted great losses on human­ United Nations. _ tend his. remarks at this point in the ity; and After January 1, 1950, the present Con­ REcoRD and include extraneous matter. Being convinced that, in order to liberate vention may be acceded to on behalf of any· The SPEAKER. Is there objection mankind from such a:n odious scourge, inter­ member of the United Nations and of any to the request of .the gentleman from national cooperation is required; nonmember State which has received an in­ North Carolina.? Hereby agree as hereinafter provided. vitation a.a aforesa.td. There was no objection.

/ 4256 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 3 Mr. MULTER. Mr. Speaker, the Bul­ one may look at it, it was that war which stitute the Federal Government for pri­ garians are perhaps the best fighters freed the Bulgarian people from· the vate enterprise. among all of the rugged peoples of-the Ottoman Turks. . Early in 1878, when Here is what happened: The Depart­ Balkans; their checkered history proves there was no doubt about the outcome, ment of Water and Power of the City of that they always are ready to make the when, in fact, the Russian forces were Los Angeles, after serious consideration supreme sacrifice for freedom and in­ within sight of Constantinople, the Turks of all factors involved, and basing its dependence. sued for peace. On March 3 of that judgment upon a study made by a world­ They have played a prominent part year a preliminary treaty of peace was famous engineering firm, had negotiated in the turbulent history of southeastern signed at San Stefano, a suburb of the an agreement with a private company to Europe. During the Middle Ages they Turkish capital. wheel power without cost to the Federal· had one of the most powerful and flour­ This treaty provided for the separation Government from Bonneville Dam to the ishing states in the region, a nation which of Bulgaria from the Ottoman Empire city of Los Angeles. This private com­ wielded tremendous influence. Late in and the creation of a new Bulgaria pany would not buy or sell; it would the 14th century the Ottoman·Turks in­ within its historic boundaries. Subse­ :;~imply wheel the power. A letter of in­ vaded the Balkans and subdued all of quently, however, this treaty was mod­ tent was signed by the Department of the peoples there. Bulgaria was one of ified and-under pressure ·from Great Water and Power of the City of Los Ange­ those brought under the rule of the sui- . Britain-it was altered to provide a much les and by this private company, tans. · smaller nation which was still to be under Thursday, February 27; 1964, the de­ From 1396 on-for nearly five cen­ the suzerainty of the Sultan for many partment of water and power reversed turies-the indomitable Bulgarians did more years. But that historic March 3, its action. It was stated that the Fed­ eierything in their power to · oust the the day of the signature of the treaty eral Government would erect this Une Ottoman overlords from their homeland. of San Stefano between Russia and Tur­ at a cost of $90 million and that the city Time and again, particularly in the late key, marks the birth of modern Bulgaria of Los Angeles should place its reliance 18th and early 19th centuries, they staged and the freedom of the Bulgarian people. not upon private enterprise but upon revolts in the hope of freeing themselves. · Many world-shaki'ng events have taken .the Federal Government. Unfortunately, all of their efforts ended place since 1878, and the fate of the Bul­ Here you have the spectacle of the in the loss of many thousands of inno­ garian people has often been thrown into Federal Government saying, in effect: cent lives. But the Bulgarians were un­ the whirlpool of world politics. They We will put this burden on the backs of dismayed by their failures and continued were involved, much against· their will, the taxpayers if you wlll reverse your well­ the seemingly endless struggle. As the in the First World War. Being on the considered business arrangement with pri­ Greeks and Serbians secured their free­ losing side, they suffered heavily. Dur­ vate enterprise. dom early -.in the 19th century, Bulgari­ ing the interwar years they did well This action is a complete reversal of ans were encouraged by their success under their own government as masters the President's expression of faith in our _ and fought the Turks with greater deter­ of their own destiny. system of free enterprise and a reliance mination. Convinced of the rightness of Today Bulgaria, the once free home on private rather than more Govern­ their cause, they. vowed to be free frolJ\ of a free people, is a large Communist­ ment spending. It would establish such tyranny. Th~ir first good chance came dominated prison camp for its inhabi­ a precedent for public spending that it in the 1870's. · tants .. There they suffer under Commu­ would make a mockery of the President's 1 The year 1875 was a year of terrible nist ·tyranny and cherish the hope that attempt to stimulate our economy. turmoil in the Balkans; peoples still un­ they will regain their freedom. On the Let us support the President's program der the domination of the Turks were observance of their liberation day we all and let the word go out to the country increasingly troublesome tO them. The join with them in that hope. that we of this Congress mean to sup­ - t~ Bulgarians were heading the movement. port the President's plan for stimulating ., The issue attracted the attention of Eu­ the economy by private spending. rope, and the statesmen of the great INCOME TAX CUT powers, including Russia, showed a keen Mr. FOUNTAIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask concern for their fate. Czarist Russia unanimous consent that the gentleman CIVIL RIGHTS in particular was apprehensive of the from Rhode Island [Mr. FoGARTY] may · Mr. FOUNTAIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask dread danger threatening the Balkans . extend. his remarks .at this point in the unanimous consent that the gentleman and was prepared to fight in their be- REcoRD and include extraneous matter. from Louisiana [Mr. WAGGONNER] may half. In the following year-187&--the The SPEAKER. Is there objection extend his remarks at this point in the .Turks, anxious to teach a lesson to those to the request of the gentleman from RECORD and include extraneous matter. rebelling against their rule, massacred North Carolina? The SPEAKER. Is there objection many thousands of the Bulgaria:ns; some There was no objection. to the request of the gentleman from say as many as 20,000. This event Mr. FOGARTY. . Mr. Speaker, last North Carolina? aroused the great .Powers and spurred Wednesday, President Johnson, flanked There was no objection. them on to further involvement in the by congressional leaders, signed the in- Mr. WAGGONNER. Mr. Speaker, Balkan political str~ggle. The entire come tax cut just 6 hours .after the· Con- an article which was quoted frequently diplomatic machinery of the great gress had acted. during the recent debate on the so­ powers was put in motion for the pur- The President called the tax cut an called civil rights bill was one by Edward pose of restraining the Ottom-an sultan "expression of faith in our system of free· F. CUmmerford, of the New York bar, and securing some measure of' liberty enterprise-a reliance on private rather "Ci:vil Rights and Civil Wrongs." for the Bulg~rians. .But. the obstinate than more Government spending." In The . Shreveport Journal recently Suit~ remamed unconvmced; he was his tax bill statement he said: printed excerpts from that article in an unwllimg to even listen to them. Though we could have chosen to stimulate the excellent editorial "Must America Ac­ it seemed that the issue might have to economy through a higher level of Govern- cept the Terrible 'Equality' of Slavery?" be decided by force, the powers, as a ment spending. Instead we chose tax re- which I commend to all Members and group, proved unwilling to go that far. duction-and at the same time we reduced particularly the Members of the other Russia alone, among the great powers, Government spending. body as they begin considering this was prepared to do this. After several He continued, and I quote: unconstitutional bill. months of abortive deliberations, confer- MusT AMERicA AcCEPT THE TERRIBLE ences, and negotiations, when it was clear n·ewIf opportunityAmerican enterprise with increased responds investtnent to this "EQuALITY'' oF SLAVERY? that no united action would be taken, and expansion • • • then the Federal Gov- Are the people of America about to lose Russia took the matter into her own ernment will not have to do for the economy the ch.erished Uberty for which their Found- hands by declaring war in the spring of what the economy should do for itself. ing Fathers fought and died? 1877 on Turkey. Mr. Speaker, the ink was scarcely dry Is the Congress of the United States about It has often been said that this was on the bill the President signed when the to plunge the people of this great Nation one of the few wars. which the Govern-. into the terrible·"equality" that is slavery? city of Los Angeles was informed that These are questions raised by Edward F. ment of czarist Russia waged ostensibly the Federal , Government would appro- cummerford, of the New York bar in an for the good of other people. However priate $90 million if the city would sub-· article, "Civil Rights and Civil Wrongs," 1964 CONGRESSIONAL · RECORD - ·HOUSE 4257 appearing in . the February issue of the . which· should. be the most responsible--the from New York [Mr. LINDSAY] may ex­ American Bar Association Journal. press, the clergy, educator&-yea, even the tend his remarks at this point in the "While no decent person will defend racial bench and bar_:_yiew these examples of mob or religious hate," Mr. Cummerford .writes, action as something good, and even give RECORD and include extraneous matter. . "it does not follow that every possible action them their full support and encouragement. The SPEAKER. Is there objectipn taken . to eliminate them is either good or One cannot avoid wondering 1f they have to the request of the gentleman from necessary." reflected on the proposition that if a mob Minnesota?· . Indeed, he argues, 'the drive to , wipe out can take over a lunch coUnter because it dis­ There was no objection. so.called discrimination and bias may ulti­ likes the policies prevaillng within, it can, Mr. LINDSAY. Mr. Speaker, recently mately lead to the destruction of individual by the same token, take over a church or a my distinguished colleague in the Sen­ liberty. publishing plant or a university which has ate, Senator KENNETH KEATING, proposed With the most punitive civil rights legis­ tncurred its displeasure." lation in the history of America now being Noting that ·"new arid strange concepts a comprehensive study and investigation pushed in the Senate, Mr. Cun;tmerford's are being irifused" into the American system of the adequacy of the draft. acknowledgment of the fact that the men of jurisprudence, Mr. Cummerford observes, ·Mr. KEATING's bill would authorize a .and women of America stand in danger of "What · is more alarming is that they are definitive investigation, by both civilians being reduced "to the level of dehumanized 'being accepted, passively and unquestioning­ and members of the Armed Forces, of automations," as in George Orwell's novel, ly by most of our populace. Liberty is being problems concerning the draft. Mr. "Nineteen Eighty-Four,'' is prophetically subordinated to 'equality.' A type of abso­ KEATING was joined by several other Sen­ ominous. · lute egalitarianism riding roughshod over "In general," Mr. Cummerford writes• "na­ personal privacy and individual freedom has ators, including Senator JAcoB JAVITS, in tions lose their freedom in one of two ways. become the order of the day. Matters that the introduction of his proposal. The first is by violence, either from within formerly were well within the realm of per­ Mr. Speaker, I have long felt that our or from without; bombs, machineguns, and sonal choice and decision are now branded draft laws need serious study and I the like do the job. The second is far more as crimina.I or tortious, with the punitive heartily support Senator KEATING's idea. subtle and .insidious; this is the slow, grad­ police power of Government standing by. We need a review of our use of manpow­ ual process of evolution. By stages, freedom Private · business and social dealings now. er, and we need to know how the draft is chipped away and so gradually that few must con.tend with the Government as an fits in with our educational and mili­ are aware of the real meaning of the process uninvited third party, overseeing and check­ until it is, perhaps, too late. As each little ing what private citizens do and even how tary needs in future years. blt of freedom is taken away, the highest and what they think." Last year, i supported a proposal to and noblest motives are given and the 'best In a warning which should strike to the reduce the draft extension to 2 years, pec;>ple' in the land give their wholehearted hearts of all free men and women in Amer­ ~om the present, 4. I felt adoption of approval. Their intentions may be of the ica, now that our very liberty is at stake the amendment would force a review of very best, but of such is the greatest super­ in the Halls of Congress, Mr. Cumm.erford the current situation. highway of them all constructed." declares: Today, I am introducing a bill similar Citing regional antibias laws which "When bureaucrats not chosen by the peo­ have been used in various sections of the ple can warn us to obey the 'spirit' of laws to the one proposed by Senator KEATING country to impose the wlll of a minority or face penalties; when a Federal district in the Senate. I urge my colleagues to upon the people as a whole, Mr. Cummerford judge can sit as the absolute overseer of a give it ·their careful consideration. suggests that such a pattern soon will be fol­ local community's affairs; when school­ lowed throughout the United States if the teachers are muzzled and coerced; when our pending Federal civil rights legislation is citizens cease to be free individuals and be­ FOREIGN POLICY-THE RISKS OF enacted. come merely 'ethnic groups' to be manipu­ IRRESOLUTION Under the regional laws, Mr. Oummerford lated according to some sociological dictum; points out, discrimination is. usually out­ when our law and our courts become mere­ Mr. NELSEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask lawed in such !U'eas as employment, housing, ly the extensions of the sociologists' work­ unanimous consent that the gentleman public accommodations and resorts, public shops; when Government can invade the from New Hampshire [Mr. CLEVELAND] trans.:Portation, and .sometimes education. hearts and minds of men to search out their may extend his remarks at this point , About half ,the States, and son].e mtinicipall­ subtlest motivations and innermost in the. RECORD and·, .include . extraneous ' ties, now have such laws, many with en­ thoughts; when all of 'these things come to matter. forcing agencies. pass in our land of the :tree, tt· is high time "Invariably," Mr. Cummerford says, "these we ask ourselves just where we are headed. The SPEAKER. Is there opjection agencies begin their work in an unobtrusive . "The most significant recent developments to the request of the gentleman from m~ner but with the passage ·of time they center on proposed Federal legislation in this Minnesota? often become increasingly aggressive, seek­ field. If such laws were to be enacted the There was no objection. ing more powers, asking broader ar~ in National Government would be given juris- . Mr. CLEVELAND. Mr. Speaker, which to operate, and harsher punitive·meas­ -(\lction and powers in areas never previously American foreign policy is giving the im- ures for ~lleged offenders. Some have stated regarded as coming within its. ambit. The very candidly that if enough complaints are erosion of State and'local authority would be . pression to the world that the United not 'filed to keep them busy, they will go tremendously accelerated. - States is weak and uncertain of its goals. out searching for examples o{ bii.s. Fre­ "The 'hour is late. ·we may be, even now; While our foreign policy must be ftexible quently, they query employers as to the in the tw111ght of our liberty, standing on to meet changing situations around the proportions of races and creeds in their em­ the very threshold of the type of era en­ world, there is a big difference between ploy; · they scrutinize employment applica­ visioned by Orwell. When liberty is taken ftexibility and indecisive leadership. tions to see if there are any questions from some, it tends ultimately to fade for deemed discriminatory; they scan advertising all. When that dreadful day arrives there On policies toward South Vietnam and by hotels and resorts to ferret out language no longer wm · be. any need to argue about trade with Communist· nations, the that might be a subtle cloak for bias. These . discrimination for we shall all be joined United States has made confticting · commissions, in short, seemt to view· their togetl1er in the · terrible equality that is statements and -taken contradictory scope as ever widening." 0::· · slavery.'' ' • stands that hav.e encouraged a feeling Mr. Cummerford, who has practiced law in The American Bar Association Journal around the world that the United States New York City since 1946 and who received deserves much credit i'.t.for presenting Mr. is weak. Noticed · by the Communist his education at Fordham University, :con­ · Cummerford's scholarly warning against the world, this indecisiveness of American tinues as follows: · dangers confronting American citizens to­ "Almost with each passing day; new and day in the infamous civil rights legislation foreign policy strategy is stimulating strange events are reported in connection pending in the Senate. · · Communist -subversion and aggression . with the inexorable drive to wipe out bias. Americans in all walkS of life--lawyers, throughout the far corners of the world. Private. property is seized and held by mobe; -ministers, educators, businessmen, indus­ The tragic lessons of the past must sit-in demonstrations are conducted in. State trialists, bankers, laborers, and housewives-­ not be forgotten. Lack of U.S. firm­ .capitol buildings, city halls, board of edu­ shoUld fiood the Senate with protests: ness in dea.l,ing with world affai:rs cation properties, and the like. It shoUld be the prayerful hope of all resulted in the loss of many countries "Racial pressure groups dictate to private citizens that we should be spared the terror' employers what the racial makeup or their of a police state such as that embodied in to communism immediately after World payrolls shall be, and to school boards what · the civ11 rights bill. · · War II. . Last May, in Milford, N.H., I , the racial makeup of the student body shall emphasized these thoughts as follows: be. Crude pressllre is exerted against pri­ We must not let our. aspirations for peace vate clubs "because of their membership CONGRE.SS SHOULD REVIEW THE be ·interpreted, l;lS they have in the pa.St, as 'policies, and threats are heard to abolish 'DRAFT weakness. Nor can we permit firmness. to them altogether: develop into unbridled bell1gerency. Theo­ ·"What is most distressing about all of Mr. NELSEN. Mr. Spe·aker, I ask dore Roosevelt expressed this · well. "We this is that those elements in the community · unarumous consent that the gentleman should speak softly and carry a big stick." 4258 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 3 If we are to preserve peace, we must maintain perhaps by Russia as well. It could cost tant to note that the survey shows lit­ a posture of unquestionable strength and many more American lives. For logistical tie support for payments for intangible firmness. History shows clearly that weak­ and other reasons, it might not be success- items' such as living· costs, and lost in­ ness and indecision invite attack and lead to ful. Given the indifference of many South come which are not so easily verifiable. war. Vietnamese, it may not be worth it; with- drawal might prove the better part of wis- The Republican housing and urban re- I would like to call to my colleagues' dam. But at least attacking the enemy's newal bill-H.R. 9771, H.R. 9772, H.R. attention an editorial, "The Risks of Ir- privileged sanctuary would be something 9785, H.R. 9955, and S. 2566-providing, resolution," which appeared in the decisive. as it do'es, for full compensation pay­ March 2, Wall Street Journal which What is intolerable is a strategy of drift. ments in eminent domain proceedings, echoes the thoughts of my Milford What is incredible is that the United States concerns itself with the tangible items speech. It is a thoughtful and penetrat- has managed to create such an impression called for in the National Federation of of weakness that the Communists, whether ing analysis and deserving of careful ~n Latin America or southeast Asia, figure Independent Business ·survey. The ad- and concerned consideration. they can pursue their aggressions with tm- ministration housing and urban renewal THE -RISKS OF IRRESOLUTION punity. bill, hOWeVer, OfferS Only a $1,500 COD- With communism presenting a variety of That is the crux of the matter. The dis- solation prize to these businesses unable faces today, it is natural and necessary for ' unity in the Communist world ts tar more to relocate in a year's time. Because of u.s. policy to be flexible. It also inevitable the result of its internal contradictions than the il:itangible nature of this payment, that the attempted rtexibility should pro- any exploiting we have done. The agree- which would go to displacees whether it duce considerable confusion. ments we have made with the Communists was .needed or not, 60 percent of those Nettled by criticism of seemingly contra- have not· perceptibly advanced peace; they interviewed in the survey oppose pay- are still on the warpath, busily extending dictory policies, Secretary of State Rusk has their domain. · ment of compensation to displacees un- undertaken to olarify Government thinking. And a major reason the u.s. objectives able to relocate if that is the only ground There are three main objectives, he said in 't bet h d i th t fl ibilit t for awardl'ng compensation. a speech last week: To prevent the Comm u- aren ng reac e s a ex Y oo nists from extending their domain and make frequently looks like flabbiness. It is clear that small businessmen are it tough for them to try; to acihieve agree- more interested in continuing in bust- menta which might reduce the danger of ness than in existing on a dole. Two war; and to encourage evolutton within the THE REPUBLICANS OFFER SMALL other findings of the survey were: first, Communist world toward national inde- BUSINESS FULL COMPENSATION ther~ is a great need for improved in- pendence and open societies. UNDER URBAN RENEWAL-THE- f t1 1 d f th be fit This means a sterner ,policy toward Cuba ADMINISTRATION OFFERS ONLY orma ona -proce ur~s or e ne and Red China than toward soviet Russia of fi:rms affected by thestrprogiams; and at the moment. It means one attitude to- A CONSOLATION PRIZE sec6nd, there is a need for major 1m- ward Yugoslavia, not formally part of the Mr. NELSEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask pro'\;~ment in the laws and procedures Soviet bloc, and another attitude toward unanimous consent that the gentleman involved in these Federal urban renewal Czechoslovakia. It means a favorable re- ·from New Jersey [Mr. WIDNALL-1 may ex- and housing programs. The Republican sponse_to a Rumania beginning to want more tend his remarks at this point in the housing and urban renewal bill meets contacts with the West. It means force to R d · t te th d 1 b · i try to prevent the Communists from extend- _ ECORD an mclude ex raneous ma~ ~· ese nee s square y y 1mprov ng these lng their domain in southeast Asia. The SPEAKER. Is there obJectiOn laws and procedures,- particularly in To some critics, the objectives are mu- to tl}e request of the gentle~an from terms of just compens~;~.tion to small in- tually incons·tstent and. the upshot close to Minnesota? dependent businesses forced to relocate appeasement. But a good many people, our- There was no objection. · from an urban renewal project area, and selves included, would not quarrel with the Mr. WIDNALL. Mr. Speaker, theRe- includes requirements to aid small objectives; after all, international oommu- publican housing and urban renewal bill independent businessmen for _the nism is in disarray, and it makes sense to offers small business full compensation- very first time in any major housing ll.Dd ~xploit it _while resisting aggrandizement. for firms forced to relocate whereas the urban renewal legislation. Such · just What bothers a lot of people is that the . . ' implementation of the policies often seeins adm1nis~rat10n housing and tu;ban ~e- compensation should have been provided inept or worse. newal b11l off~rs only a consolatiOn :Ptlze from the very beginriing, for it ls most So we are tough with castro's cuba at to small business firms forced to relo- unfair that small and independent busi­ least tn an economic sense. But the policy cate. The difference between the Re- ness is being forced to bear the major hasn't evicted the Soviet arms and men. publican approach and the administra- costs of these housing and urban renewal Nor has it kept Cuba from selling a lot of tion approach are deep and striking. programs. sugar in the world and thus being able to In a statement presented to the It -111 behooves this or any other ad- m:ake trade deals with our allies. _ The ptti- Special Housing Subcommittee· of the -~ ministration to make propaganda ful U.S. exercises in retaliation against those House of Representatives the ~ational • speeches about deep concern felt for the ~~.es only make the Government look fool- Federation of Independent _ ~usiness . Nation's 4¥2 million small independent · The greatest power on earth should have called on the Congress to provide just businessmen, and woo them during elec­ had the skill to prevent or cut out this compensation to business firms forced to tion years, and then pay only part of the cancer and stop it from spreading through relocate because of the Federal urban r~ _al value of property taken from them the hemisphere. That is not only hindsight; renewal and housing program and other -under eminent domain proceedings dur- . many have been saying it all along. As it is,. Government construction projects. ing the course of Federal urban renewal Cuban policy violates the first objective c_ited At the conclusion of my remarks I projects, and other Government con- by Mr. Rusk; the Communists emphatically shall include the significant statement ·-struction proJ· ects. . have extended their domain, smack up . - against the United states. of this matter whlch w_as presented .to It is significant that this vitally im- Vietriam is another sad ·case of per- the House Special Housmg Subcomm1t- portant survey conduct~d by the Nation­ formance faliing far below policy. Year by tee by . George J. Burger, Jr., assistant al Federation of Independent Business year we have been' drifting deeper and deeper to C. Wilson Harder, president of ~lite reached many of the same conclusions into this ugly war Without, tt now seems National Federation of Independent of an independent study made by Brown plain, ever having a J,"ealistic strategic plan Business. This is the first nationwide. University, which was financed by the for Winning i~ven ~m the limited sense of survey made by a national small busi-, Small Business Administration. I would causing the _Red guerrillas to cease ,their ness organization. It covered 4,020 in- call your attention to the comment by at~f;esult is that the United states is said dependent businessmen in 46 cities in Dr. Basil G. Zimmer, professor of sociol­ to be 'confronted now with the choice of 34 States. The survey was made at the · ogy at Brown University.and the author pulling out or expanding. the war to NQrth · request of .Henry Krevor, chief counsel, of the study to which I refer . . Dr. Zim­ Vietnam. Yet so irresolute · has our effort Select Subcommittee on Real Property mer has written me saying: thus far appeared that the talk 'of tougher Acquisition, House Committee on Public , tactics isn't especially convincing to t.he Works. - • I feel that it is a shame--actually almost Th K lin i f it b tt a disgrace-that the Federal Government enemy. e rem • n one 0 s e er The findings in_the survey show that would continue to spend millions of dollars flights of hypocrisy, feels free . to sole.t:nnly · there is support for lib~ralized compen- on. urban renewal without providing slgnlft- warn· the United States against any such ac- t" h it .t: ds 1 t tion. · · . sa 1on, owever, ex11en · on Y o cant funds for objective outside appraisals · Admittedly a · deci_sion to ·carry the war tangible items like_ machinery, . equip- of the· consequences of these programs. closer to the enemy wou~d be a ·grave one, ment, fixtures, and moving costs which There are few problems in modern American It.rtsks lnterve~tton by the Red Chinese and are ~eadily verifiable. It is most impor- sOciety more in need of research. · 1961, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 4259 I find it' both· incomprehensible and signed qopies of the responses underlying ture,· machinery, flxtur_es, and other equip. unconscionable that this administration this survey· are. available for your subcom· - ment which they wip not be able to mo~e to. resists and igno_res such an independent mittee's inspection at our Washington, D.C., ~ their new locatLo~s. . ·offices: And now to the survey: Thirty.five _percent expect. to suffer l~es and significant study ~ the .one mad.e for which they wm not be compensated, by the ljat.ional Federation of Independ-. · I - ranging between $250 . and · $2 ..ooo, in the ent Business, as well as a study such as . I.t . is quickly apparent that independen~ value of furni~ure, machinery, fixtures, and th t · mad b B U · it which involved in these projects have not b~n. and other equipJ:l1ent they wm be able to move a e y ..rown wyers y are not' being, fully conpensated for tlieir' . to their new loeation.S . . was paid fgr by tax funds. t b 0 J losses, an·d th. at the projects are very costly Thirty percent anticipate moving costs I include the statemen Y eorge ' · to. them. . . abOve their. allowances ranging between $500 · Burger, Jr., assistant to C. Wilson Hard:.. For instance, o! the 28 reporting members and $5,000. . er; president of. the ~National Feder~~ion .. :who were forced to mov~ due to urban re· Twenty-five percent say that the amount of of. Independent Business, for the in- newal project, 25 (23 of the~ , from inside . compensation recetv,ed from Government will formation .of my colleagues and .in the ,.., the constrl;lction area, 2 from outside the cause them to. retrench operations (35 ·per­ hope that President Johnson and-the ad- . areas) .gave details of their experiences. Of cent take the view they will not be forced to· 'nist ti h 1 fti · I will give it this number: retrench). · _ · · m1 ra on ous ng O Cla s Ninety percent report.ed having to spend Interestingly, _50 I?ercent e.xpect their in- a thorough study· sums ranging from $350 to _$175,000 for re- comes to increase in their new locations ( 30 -STATEMENT or GEORGE J. Bm~ri ; JR., modeling or otherwise · rehabilitating tll~ir percent expect a 'decrease), while 3.5 ~rcent ASSISTANT TO THE PaESxDENT, NATIONAL new properties. . do not expect the 'need to relocate to fOrce . ' FEDERATION or · INDEPENDENT BusiNESS, Eighty-four _percent reporte9 additional them 'to close <{ti.wn. . · SUBCOMMITTEE ON HousiN:onse to the question whether the change Let it not be thought, however, that those should pay only for removing. Such things ahould provide payment to renters and own­ who responded to the survey were indi1ferei,lt as advertising, goOd will, loss of. potential ers of property. Those in fringe areas were to the plight of those compelled to close - profits are nebulous and open the door for strongest in their support, followed by firms their operations, and of those who lose in­ graft as- well as Government control. Many faced With the need to move. Firms not di .. come in the fringe areas. · For instance: areas are degenerating and some would go rectly appointed trailed in support by 9-13 As to compensation for loss of livelihood, broke anyway. Depreciation is liberal percentage points. Firms who had already one member commented: "On a declining enough for replacing equipment." moved trailed by 15--'19 percexi:tage points. scale with assistance :at training, and as A. second significant pattern emerges from Sixth most heavily favorable vote came in needed to steer toward a new trade." An­ the votes on these questions: support for response to the question whether provisions other said: "These losses should be proven changes was weakest among firms which had for comperisation should be the same in all by comparison of past and present records completed their moves. One might speculate Government ·construction ·programs. Here (lf total business, expenses, etc." A third that this was due to the fact they might again those ·facing need to move led the ap­ commented: "The only ones who should be feel: "We've made our way through reloca­ proval parade, followed by those Jn fringe compensated would be the very small plac~s tion under current allowances. Others areas. Those not directly affected split 5o-50. with a neighborhoOd following. Such should shou1 d be able to do so." Tl).is might be true Firms which had alreadY. completed their at least get as much out of their businesses • but for one fact: They did support some of moves voted heavily against thfs. as if they were to sell them, but I don't see the changes, and in some of the changes Seventh most heavily favorable vote (ap­ how the Government can take the responsi­ they opposed, the other groups Joined them. proaching the 50 percen.t favora.ble point) b111ty of lifetime compensation." This emphasizes a matter which we men­ came in response to the question whether As to payment of compensation for loss tioned earlier, the need for adequate infor­ maximum and minimum amounts of com­ of income by those in fringe areas, one • mation for all affected by development pensation be developed, announced publicly, member stated: "Compensation should be programs. · and be paid out in relation to losses due to given only in the form of assistance to im­ m projects. Firms· facing the need to move prove their operations only." A:qpther com­ And now, let's take a further look at some split 70-30 on this; followed by those in fringe mented: "The principle is goo'd, however, of the relocation problems, experienced and areas, and by those not directly affected. proof of such losses may be ditficult to ad­ hypothecated, by those who answered the Sixty percent of those who had moved either minister." questionnaire. opposed or had no opinlon on 'this one. As to payment of moving co.sts for firms One busine'ssman speculated (commenting Slightly over h&lf responded unfavorably leaving fringe areas, one member stated: on · compensation for renters and owners) ,to the question whether, if compensation is "A manufacturing business forced to move "We can only make statements in the light paid to both owners and renters, it should from a fringe area would be in for an ex­ of how the loss of our building might affect be paid to both on equal basis. A slight ma­ pensive ·adjustment. However, moving would us. In our own situation, for Instance: We Jority of those in the fringe areas favored be less mandatory in a fringe area since the own our own building and conduct a small this one. Those facing need to move, and location of the manufacturing plant is usu-. garment manufacturing business which those not affected, each split equally. Almost ally not critical. In the case of a retail or could be operated in any location which 60 percent of firms which had made their service business catering directly to the pub- . might be centrally located and easy for our moves opposed it. lie, a large construction project can prove help to reach. However, we are (my wife Sixty percent responded unfavorably to a boon or a catastrophe." A second com­ and I run this business a!?. a team) at retlre- the question whether the change should mented: "A committee should be empow­ .ment age now but will continue to operate provide payment for reestablishing good w.ill ered to find facts and compensation made the business as long ·as our health permits. (advertising, promotions, etc.) at the new for damages. This committee to be one­ However, we plan on this building, which is locations, or cost of good will if they have third landowners, one.. third local .service on an arterial street, to become our prime 1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 4261

source of incom(l when we retire. If this Some officials ha~e frankly admitted that pensation, or sufficient funds to keep him for building were taken from us and we were not condemnation takes them off the hook." any length of time, so he ends up as an· un­ adequately recompensed we could suffer con- A businessman in a fringe area had this employment statistic and eventually on relief siderable hardship. There must be other to say: "Apparently most of the problem is rolls." cases similar." · caused by failure to require Government IV Another who had already· moved and was officials (employees, actually, regardless of What further suggestions did our members experiencing some difficulty, commented: grade) to consider the rights of all citizens have? Let's take a look at a few of these: "Our situation was due to urban renewal and negotiate with them in good faith be­ One said: "There should be some considera­ project--2Y:z years have · passed and stlll no fore completing a design of construction. tion given business as to first choice on rent­ real progress in redevelopment of that area. Further, in dealing with these people, city, ing or buying property in a redeveloped area Why must premature moves be necessary? State, or Federal, I find most of them in­ that is stm suitable for the same type of Our business was only 1 Y:z years old at the experienced or lacking in ordinary logic, business at the same price they were bought time and it worked a real hardship on us. common law, and understanding of what out at. ' Many businesses simply move com­ Under normal conditions our move was tm- makes this country go. To give an example, pletely out of the area and are lost for tax prudent and premature, but we ·had no as a recession measure in 1958, the Federal purposes." choice." Government supplied the funds to bulld a Another said: "Since residents of property Another who had already moved (a renter) four-lane freeway 2 miles long in front of are offered comparable living fac111ties, or said: "Prior to remodeling of the office tn- my place of business. As they excavated the the retusal, other occupants (nonresidential tertor, inquiry was made to the landlord whole 2 mlles 5-feet deep and then filled back such as businesses uses) should have the whether or not our office w111 be forced to about 3 feet, I couldn't tell what was going same offer. Costs of relocating, loss or" move in the near future. · The reply was that on until it was a 'fait accompli,' I had a nice productive time, wiring, and other installa­ he didn't think so. With the go-ahead front (auto parts business), I ended with no tions that cannot be moved, as well as down­ statement our company invested about $3,000 access from the front. A 6-foot bank in front time and actual moving expenses should be in remodeling of the interior. All the ex- of my parking area. The roadbed on a 20- part of the appraisal of the value of the mov­ penses involved in this improvement were degree angle whereas it had been level; a long ing, as well as the actual value of the prem­ lost due to eviction. Nothing could be island in the freeway which compels people ises. If the benefit to the people as a whole recovered." coming from one direction to make a ctr..- is established, then the property owner Another who had already moved stated: cuitous two-block drive to get in and I was occupant should not be forced to sacrifice "Relocation has caused me to purchase and virtually out of business for .5 months in more than any other citizen to make the use two additional pieces of transportation 1959. What has this cost me? I don't improvement possible. A fair market value due to the fact that my business is a service know. I made $40,000 net in 1962 but it for the property plus a fair evaluation of the that must · be performed on the customer's was the hard way-70, 80, and 90 hours a moving ..and reestablishing of the business premises. This is additional overhead that week. My 'property value ruined after an operating the way it was operating in the old had not been considered by the Government original $40,000 investment and 8 years of .or current premises should make up the sell­ and so far since relocating (2 years ago) I hardest labor." ing price allowable to the person who has to haven't been able to increase my volume of Another in a fringe area said: "We are move to make way for any civic improve­ business to compensate for this added over- located in the center of the block directly ment--freeway, redevelopment, etc." head and I have suffered a decrease in across the street from the new Federal court­ Another: "I . do think the Gove;nment volume." house and office building. Our additional should be realistic in all appraisals and A businessman facing prospects of having cost is due to demolition of the private· ga­ watch out for the deceit and fraud practiced to move said "We are in an old structure rage and parking space where we kept our by persons with insider information on proj­ with rentals included. (apartments). we trucks and maintained customer parking. ect locations, whereby some people make a were in the right of way of a proposed free- We were forced to rent additional property lot of money." · way, which we favored, but whose location for parking at $100 a month and probably Another: "The compensation for reestab­ has been shifted, but now we may be in- wlll be forced to move because of the in­ volved in a new underpass project, or street creased value of property in the area and in­ lishing a buslness should have a reasonable rel~tionship to the comparable costs for the reconstruction, possibly both, both of which crease in rent when our lease expires." business establishment in the original loca­ we are for. But, our location is very im- .. One businessman comments, interestingly: ti.Jn, based on prior records of the business portant, as an extremely potent competitor We expect to be benefited by the flood concerned." is ideally situated to take nearly all of our control project. Certain areas of our city dropin trade if we move more than a block are flooded every year, but ~he location of Another: "I think the Government should or two. :Oropin trade used to be a very small our business only when there is a major flood. compensate the businessman 1f he is forced _part of our business, but it is now over one- The deepest water stood from 27 to 40 to move from an established location . . If the half o! it and increasing. This is a very inches in .lower floor. There is where we · law is too liberal, however, ·a great number difficult business to develop in a new location. have ~ost and heaviest equipment and mUl of businessmen are going to. take advantage Our outside business over the phone would supplies, etc. We ~auld in no way be en­ of a given situation, and try to make money tolerate a fairly long move without loss- titled to compensation on account of the · by charging the Government with all sorts the amount depending on whether we change project, but feel many wl.ll. It is a great of costs a.nd losses. Compensation, and other phone numbers, and to which exchange if undertaking to move, even though it entails adjustments due to Government projects to a new exchange. our "purchase of prop- no real financiallo~s." should be based on Federal income tax re­ erty" arrangements are a family affair and Another businessman speculated: "If the ports prior to the project and after the proj-. quite involved as far as compensation would factors controlling income received in a ec<; went into effect. This is the only true be inyolved. (This location 31 years and ':', J>usiness change, naturally ·it is usually over yardstick whether the move by a business to we are known by_our location.) We would a period of time, and the businessmen should another location was detrimental or perhaps be unable to obtain property or rental of a be able to take these factors into considera­ quite beneficial to the business. A situation store within our "zone" at anywhere near the tion either to adjust them in his present lo­ of this nature will occur to a great many of "overh_ead" we have at·our present loeation, cation .or to plan to move to another location. the businesses along U.S. Highways 36-40 in therefore, a complete change in our mode However, when the Government redevelops DeJ:>:yer, Colo., after interstate 70 w1ll by­ of operation may be required. We believe it is usually a total upheaval in the vicinity pass the main business arteries in Denver in any business should be helped to recover having immediate and total consequences approxt.mately 15 months. We have formed from losses caused by construction, helped and the businessman has absolutely no con~ a merchants group, just to work out plans even if there is an improvement of status, trol over what happens. He is at the mercy how to minimize the loss of business due to but we are against cash payment in the form of a Government edict and for this reason I the new highway. These projects naturally of a "dole" as this principl~ of compensation think that the Gover~ment must pay com­ affect small businesses to a much larger ex­ can be too easily abused by a "smart wise- pensatlon for their actions. The small bust­ tent than J:?.eavy industry, or large com­ guy" businessman and his lawyer. In addi- nessman is usually in an older district be­ panies." tion to compensation for direct losses there cause he doesn't have the financial resources Another: "This [compensation] should be needs to be help at finding a suitable loca- to locate in the newer,. more modern, and open negotiation and handled on a business­ tion and ~n getting low cost financing for more profitable locations. When the older like basis. Naturally, there will be differ­ any improvements that may be needed to districts are redeveloped 1!-nd new apartments ences and there will be those on. both ·sides reestablish the business at a level at least as and stores are built in these areas the small trying td take· unfair advantage. Some good as the original operation was." businessmen located in these areas must "form of arbitration can be worked out on Another facing prospects of having to stand by and see financier-backed businesses these few. I believe 99 percent can fairly move, commented: "There is a tendency on take over because he, himself, cannot afford negotiate so that small business will not be a Federal an.d State level to appraise prop- to open up these high rent locations. He hurt." erty considerably lower than going rate thus also cannot always move into another older, Another: "This is a very touchy problem fording condemnation. Aside from 'bein low cost business district because .they and about every project has a different costly to owners, Government usually windg usually have their o~n established firms. So u a in s it comes down to th1s: His place of business effect on business. · .I think every locality P P Y g considerably more than owners is taken over, he cannot get a job because should have a locally appointed seven mem­ would have accepted through negotiation. of his age, he has no unemployment com- ber board of independent businessmen to 4262 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - ·HOUSE March 3 Judge what to do- about these situations, DOMESTIC BEEF! . SITUATION ou~ charges which . certainly should be . then approv.ed by the U.S. G,overnment." · GROWS STEADILY WORSE investigated so the American people can Another: "Fair market value -shouid be know the truth in this important matter. paid for properties taken over, based on Mr. NELSEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask It is no secret that the State Department value prior to the determinatio.n that such unanimous consent that 'the gentleman has been working hard to conjur~ ·up the properties need to be purchased for the Gov­ . from: Florida [Mr, GuRNEY] may extend ernment project. The period for determin­ picture -of Soviet Communists as "ma­ his remarks at this point in the RECORD turing" an(i "responsjble" world leaders ing-fair ~p.arket value should be at least ,6 and include extraneous matter. months prior to final determination of the who are gradually shaking · off their The SPEAKER. Is there objection rough ways. Our foreign policy 1:B baSed project." to' the reques_t of the gentleman from Another: "Actual losses should be p~id -in . on an unreal appraisal of our sworn ad­ Minnesota? full. Intangibles should be considered, but versaries and ~ a. part of this effort, the weighed carefully. A system of impartial, There was no objection. American people have. been deluged witb knowledgeable· referees to arbitrate these Mr. GURNEY. ' Mr. Speaker, for the propaganda. The Journal-American ar:. matters might be useful." , past four. months,· while the domestic Another: "No blariket la:w shou~ cover ticle presents . a direct, contrast to the bEref situation has grown steadily worse pie-in-the-sky approach of the State . all cases. Real estate boards or arbitration a tremendous volume of foreign beef . boards should be used· to determine losses. as Department and it should be-thoroughly Provisions shoUld be butlt in to protect the products flowed into ~his country, the aired by a congreS$ional committee Government (taxpayers)' agatnst oppor- administr.ation has . been asking us to which woUld be free of the builtin re­ tunists." . avoid the introd1,1ction of legislation to _ straint of alibiing on its. own fatlure8. Another: "What is just compensation? establish limitations. Furthermore, we The Joumal-Ame!ican article cott- . Ma:n oWns plant and has for -many years; have been asked not even to talk publicly cerns one Michal Goleniewski', a defector Plant has been maintained and moderniZed. · about the matter lest we upset our bal­ He should tse ~"compensated not on assessed from the Soviet secret Police, who has ance of trade .with Australia, or endan­ proven a valuable informer fu the past value or even appraised value but on actual ger our ' negotiating position with the cost of equal facUlties. If the Government but, according to the stoifwritten by did not require his moving, he could go on Common M~uket. . Guy Richards, has many further stories for many years without such exgenditu~:e : We were assured the, voluntary nego­ to tell concerning Red penetratiop of . Why must he be put to added costs without · tiations th,en being conducted with Aus­ our State Department and even the Cen- · compensation. However, 1f he moves to an­ . tralia and New Zealand would produce 'tral Inte1ligence ·Agency. Mr. Goleniew- · other city or St~te which fUJ,'nishes plan~ · a remedy for the problem. The negotia­ ski recei.ved the following endorsement free and even tax free, some penalty should­ tions have concluded, but the results are be forthcoming to compensate community - last year when the Congress passed a . he leaves for lo8s of payroll, etc." a long way from the cure. Moreover, private btll providing for his naturailza- What about damages to areas not immedi­ they are a slap in the face of the Ameri-· tlon: · · · · ately adjacent to area of construction? can cattle industry. His services to th.e United · States rate as Sometimes blasting, etc., alters rock forma• It has become quite clear that unless truly significant. • • · · He has collaborated tions even miles from area, causing settling ~~ef imp(>rts from these two countries, with the Governmen~ in an ou;tstanding. that otherwise would not have occurred. plus the tons of beef products coming manner and · untler circumstances which Many other factors, _such ·aa tramc flow, are to Florida ports from Latiri America are have involved grave personal rlak. · also alter~ far from project. Some relief curtailed, our dom.estic cattle industry I include ai this pOint in the REcoin · should accrue. . faces a multimillion dollar loss. To sum up our findings in this survey, they the committee report and the public law . show: · While we are standing here today a which accomplished Mr. · Goleri.iewski's 1. Relocation is a very costly process f~ · flotilla of shipg is approaching the United naturalization: States from Australia loaded down with many independents. Many experience losses SENATJ: REPORT No. 437, CALENDAa No. 417, for which--.they are not adequately compen­ more than 30 million pounds of beef. 88TH Co~~E~, 1ST SESSION. , sated. This- is. equal to 72,545 head of cattle. -2. While compensation is judged inade­ This means American producers must (Mr. JoHNSON; from the Committee on the­ quate, a majority of those who. have moved retain this number of· cattle on their Judiciary (to accompany H.R. 5507) .) report that it was. not a factor in compell1ng The Committee on the Ju.diciary, to which . ranches, resuJ,ting in increased costs, in was referred the b111 (H.R. 6507) for. the-re­ business retrenchment. the loss of labor"fo·r handling, slaughter­ . 3. There 1s support -for liberaliZed com];)en­ lief of Michal Goleniewski, having consld-. .satioll';"bowever it extends only into the areas ing, and butchering. In short, it means ered the same, reports favorably thereon of tangibles-items ''iike machinery, equip­ ·a multimillion dollar loss to the Nation's without ~endment and· recommends that ment, fixtures, moving costs, et cetera, which economy. tQ.e bill do· pass. · · are readily verifiable, and not into the area - Today, I have introduced a bill to limit 'PURPOSE' OF THE BILL of intangibles-items lik~ living costs, lost in­ beef imports to hili of the 5-year a-ver- The purpose of the b111 1s to enable the come, et.cetera, which are not so easily veri­ .. age prior to December 31, 1963. · b'"!neficiary tq file a petition for naturaliza­ fiable. . This will off~r . prompt relief to our tion, and ·to exempt him· from the provlsiona 4. While there is support for liberalized domestic. prOducers while still maintain­ of section 313 of the Immigration and Na­ compensation, there is also strong insistence t1on~l1ty Act. · ing the United States· as a fair market that this be provided with strict safeguards STATEMENT OF FACTS for the public purse. ~ - for foreign producers.· 5. Despite the dimculttes encountered by We are welt aware of the value of the ' The beneftciarf':of'·the b111 is a 40-year-old those who had comi)leted their moves and favorable balance ·of ·tr8.de, but we native and citizen' ' ~! .Poland, who has been those left in f-ringe areas, ·and despite the admitted to the United States for permanent ­ : cannot stand by and watch our Ameri­ residence and is employed by the U .B. Gov­ dimculties anticipated by those facing the can ca~tlemen . go down the drain. Un­ need to move: ernment.. He was a l11."mber of the Com- Jl­ less we take immediate action this may muntst Pa-rty in Poland before his. defection (a) A significant number (60 percent) of happen. in April 1958. His · services to the United. ·· firms which had completed their moves re­ ported income as great as or greater than · The time for action is now. Every States are rated as truly sign1ftcant. that in their old locations, as. against 40 per­ · day we delay costs our cattle producers A . letter,' with attached memorandum, · cent of those left behind in the fringe area. . untold thousands of dollars. datt:d May 15, 1963, ·to· the chairman of the. Committee on the Judiciary of the House of (b) Three of the 79 firms in th~ cate­ gories reported ·having to close down their Representatives from the Commlssioner of operations-One because of seemingly poor -ARTICLE CHARGES U.S. AGENCIES ImmigratiQn and NaturaliZation with ref­ erence· to the 'case, reads as follows:.., redevelopment planning, one because of di­ PENETRATED BY REDS version of a highway necessary to its trade, Dzp~TM.ENT OF JUf!ITICE, iMMIGJI.A­ and_one for reasons that are not clearly indi- The SPEAKER. Under previous or­ TIO!Il AND NATURALIZATION. Suv- cated. · der of the House, the gentleman from ICE, 6. There is, seemingly, a great need !or im­ Ohio [Mr. AsHBROOK] is recognized for washington, D.C., May 15, 1963. proved informational procedures !or the 15 minutes. Bon. EMANUEL 'CELLEB, . • benefit o! firms a.1fected by these programs .. Chairman, Committee on the Judiciary, ,_; · .7. While there is sopte criticism of the col).­ Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, ear­ House of Representatives, Washington,, b ~c. cepts-chiefly urban redevelopment and ARA, lier· today I addressed the House and DEAlt Ma. CHAIRMAN: In responSe to your chief criticism is over the need for improve­ commented on the article which ap­ request !or a report relative to the bill (H.R . ment in the laws and the procedures in- . peared in the Mon_day, March 3, 1964, 5507) for the relief C?f Michal Goleniewski, .•. .,. volved in thein. · New York Journal-American. It points there is attach~ a . memorandum . ~! i~for- 1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 4263 mation concerning the beneficiary. This uralization may be filed with any court hav­ are still operative in the two highly sensitive memorandum has been prepared from the ing naturalization jurisdiction. Government agencies. Immigration and Naturalization Service files Approved August 28, 1963. He and his wife have been living in a . relati~g to the beneficiary. modest apartment not more than 30 minutes The bill would waive the provision of the Mr. Speaker, in viewing our foreign from Times Square. He has been given a Immigration and Nationality Act which pro­ policy operations and internal security new name and identity especially fabricated hibits the naturalization of aliens who were we can only appraise that part of the ice­ to blot out his past and help him blend into within the subversive classes during a period berg that appears above the surface. the American scenery. of 10 years immediately preceding the filing Even a cursory examination of what we He has named names. He has provided of a petition for naturalization. The bill know has transpired casts doubt on the Washington with details of what looms as a would also grant the beneficiary sufficient greater scandal than the famous Alger Hiss residence and physical presence in the wisdom of State Department policies. case. Here are some of his shattering dis­ United States for naturalization and permit At a time when we are told we can "do closures: him to file a petition in any court having business" with the Communists--ev~n Approximately $1.2 million of CIA funds . naturalization jurisdiction. The committee extend them credit on wheat sales­ in Vienna recently was passed secretly along may desire to amend line 3 to refiect the what does the record disclose? Have to the Communists-one-third to KGB (the beneficiary's correct given name as Michal. they stopped their subversion here and Soviet Secret Police), one-third to the Sincerely, abroad? Of course not. Consider only Italian Communist Party and one-third to RAYMOND F. FARRELL, a few of the 1963 subversion highlights the American Communist Party. Commissioner. Three American scientists with access to that come to mind: defense secrets are working for the KGB. "MEMORANDUM OF INFORMATION FROM IMMI- July 1: The State Department ordered They have ties to others in the same category ORATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE FILES Gennadi G. Sevastyanov, a Soviet Embassy whose identities are unknown to him. But RE H.R. 5507 cultural attache in ·Washington to leave he has clues to a number of them. "The beneficiary, Michal Goleniewski, a the United States for attempting to recruit KGB has been able to infiltrate all Ameri­ native and citizen of Poland, was born Au- a Russian-born employee of the U.S. Central can embassies in important cities abroad and gust 16, 1922, in Nieswiez. His wife, Irmgard, Intell1gence. Agency as a Russian spy. · "every U.S. agency except the FBI." is a native of Berlin and a citizen of Ger- July 2: The Federal Bureau of Investiga­ Little, if anything, has been done to run many. They are now living in the United tion arrested four persons an(i charged them down or clean out the KGB men on American States. The beneficiary's education was all with conspiring to spy for the Soviet Union. payrolls though he fed the facts and ex­ in Poland: in 1939 he graduated from the Ivan D. Egorov, a personnel offi~r at the posures on them to the CIA starting as far Gymnasium; he completed 3 years of law at United Nations, and his wife, Aleksandra, back as 1960. the University of Poznan, and in 1956 here- were arrested in New York and later sent Instead of having his information used for - ceived a master's degree in political science back to the Soviet Union in return· for two the cleanout job he came here for, he from the University of Warsaw. He enlisted Americans held by the Russians. Also ar­ charges, he has been thwarted by amateurs in the Polish Army in 1945 and was commis- rested were a Washington couple using the and Stalinists in the CIA and even kept from stoned a lieutenant colonel. in 1955, which names of Robert and Joy Ann Baltch. communicating his plight to responsible rank he held until coming . to the United July 19: A Federal court jury in New York higher officials here. States in 1961. He is now employed as a con- convicted Navy Yeoman Nelson C. Drum- ~ ·These allegations have been made- by a sultant by the U.S. Government. mond of conspiracy to com,mit espionage for former high executive of both the Russian "The beneficiary's one. prior marriage ter- the Soviet Union. He received life impris­ and .Polish secret police organizations. He mtnated in divorce in Poland in 1957. He onment. had his own plane. He was free to fiy all married Irmgard Kampf in 1961. Both the October -10: The Defense Department dis­ over Europe and did. beneficiary and his present wife are perma- closed that SFC Jack E. Dunlap, a former He is Michal Goleniewski, 41, a husky and nent residents of the United States, having clerk-messenger for the National Security handsome Pollsh-born agent who resembles been lawfully admitted as of January 12, Agency, had sold secrets to the Soviet Union the Hollywood prototype of the suave, lady­ 1961. over a 2-year period before committing killin~. spy. He's credited with breaking the '!Mr. Goleniewski was a member.,. of . the suicide last July. Irwin N. Scarbeck spy case in Warsaw in Communist Party of Polapd from January October.29: The FBI arrested an American 1961. The CIA is on record in Congress as 1946 until April 1958, when he defected. electronics engineer and a chauffeur for a endorsing these observations: Without the enactment of H·.R. 5507 the . Russian trading agency on spy conspiracy "His services to the United States are rated beneficiary will not be eligible for natural- "charges. Two Soviet diplomats were arrested as truly significant. • • • He has collabo­ ization prior to 1968. and th~n relea&ed because they had diplo- rated with the Government in an outstand­ "The Immigration and Naturalization matte immunity: A third Soviet diplomat ing manner and under circumstances which Service has been advised that .the contribu- was named in charges filed by the FBI· but have involved grave personal risk." tions made by Mr. Goleniew,ski to the security he was not apprehended. Though he has yet to testify on espionage Pf the Unite~ States ~e ,·:rated by the U.S. No wonder the public is concerned matters before any committee of the Senate Government as truly significant. He has col- about the double standard of the State or House, which he wants to do, and which laborated with the Government in an out- . "': . . . many legislators want him to do, his case standing manner and under circumstariees Departme~t and the ~ax1ty m our mter­ has become the center of one of the biggest which have involved grave personal risk. ~ He nal, security. Testimony of Miehal behind-the-scenes battles ever to rear up in continues to make major contributions to Goleniewski is the part of the ice1Jerg the Jurisdictional area between the l.egislative the national security of the United States. that is below the surface and Judging and executive branches of the Government. • • • His primary motivation in offering to by how bad the exposed part is it is high In the tussle over him things have hap­ work with the Government has been and re- time that we delve into the recesses and pened which seem incredible in a demo­ mains his desire to counter the menace of see -what is going on. ' cratic nation. Soviet communism. • • •" Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous 'consent A congressional subpena was virtually The. committee, after co~sideration of all to inch.ide the Monday, March 2 article smuggled to him-then mysteriously the facts in the case, is of th~ opinion that entitled "U.S. Secret Agencies Pene- quashed. A letter he wrote to a Congress­ the .bill (H.R. 5507) should be enacted. man was intercepted . . An Army colonel who trated by Reds," and the Tuesday, March · visited him was later hounded and investi- · 3 article entitled ''Probe Four U.$. Envoys gated.. · [Private Law 8~59, 88th cong., H.R. 5507, ·in Red Spy Sex Net." It Is in. teresting Aug. 28, 1963] Michael Goleniewski might still be' living AN ACT FOR THE RELIEF OF MICHAL GOLE-, to note that the OffiCial line Will prob­ in unheralded torment if a Cleveland, Ohio, NIEWSKI ably be that Michal Goleniewski is emo­ Congressman hadn't scented a slightly fishy tionally unstable and irrational. This odor in a routine otllce proceeding. Be it enacted by the Senate and House ·The time wai! last summer. The scene of Representatives of the United States of was what they said about Paul Bang- was Capitol Hill, in the oftlce of the chair­ America in Congress assembled, That Michal Jensen. · man of the House Immigration Subcomniit­ Goleniewski, lawfully admitted for perma­ [From the New York (N.Y.) Journal-Ameri­ tee. · Sitting at his desk was white-plumed, nent residence in the United States, shall be can, Mar. 2, 1964) bespectacled, Ohio Democrat, Representative held to be included in the class. of· appli­ U.S. SECRET AGENCIES PENETRATED BY REDS MICHAEL A. FEIGH~N, a graduate of Princeton cants for naturalization exempted from the anq Harvard Law School, and a good friend (By Guy Richards) of the ·late President Kennedy. provisions of section 313(a) of the Immigra­ · A defector from the Soviet Secret Police tion and Nationality Act, as such class is By his slde was a man from the CIA. The has -informed U.S. officials that Moscow has latter showed the Congressman a report and specified in section 313(c) of the said Act, placed active cells in the Central Intelligence -and that Michal Goleniewski shall be con- proposed bfil which would bestow o.n Michael Agency and the State Department in Wash­ Goleniewski the benedictlC!n. of U.S. citizen­ sidered to have met the residence and physi­ ington and overseas. ship. The former KGB age-nt's truly sig­ cal presenc~ requirements of section 316(a) The Red defector, a high-ranking opera-· nificant services were duly chronicled in the of the said Act, and his petition for nat- tive in Russia's KGB, is sure that the cells report. It stated, in part: CX--268 4264 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE .. March 9

"The beneficiary, Michael · ~lenlewskl, a branch,· the wheels began to whir in the was becomJng unrellable--so CIA doesn't native and citizen of Poland, was born heavily guarded CIA Building in Langley, think it worthwhile for him to app~r be­ August 16, 1922, in Nieswiez. His wife, Irm­ Va., _12 miles outside Washington. fore the legislativ~ branch. gard, is a native of Berlln and a citizen of SECRET SESSION 'SET ON THE HILL Asked about this yesterd.ay, Represenj;a- Germany. They are now 11vlng in the United tive FEIGlJAN said: . It was finally decided that the answer States. "That's utterly ridiculous. The man "The beneficiary's education was all in had better be aftlrmative 1f Representative F'EIGHAN's cooperation was to be obtained. seemed worried, and even excited, but his Poland: in 1919 he graduated from the Gym­ mind is in excellent shape. I was impressed nasium; he completed 3 years of law at the The Congressman was duly notified it was OK. ' by everything he had to say." University of Poznan, and 1n 1956 he received So were the two others. a master's degree in political 59ience from That brought another big decision, this the University of Warsaw. one in Congress. It was considered advis­ Representative F'EIGHAN added that "I can­ able that a subpena from a congressional not deny my role in bringing this case to REPORT COVERS HELP TO l1NlTED STATES committee be sent with Representative FEIG­ the attention of Mr. MGCone, the head of "He enlisted in the Polish Army in 1945 HAN just in case it seemed proper-and Gole­ the Central Intelligence Agency." and was commissioned a lieutenant colonel niewski thought so, too--for the latter to Up to the moment, however, it doesn't in 1955, which rank he held until coming appear before a secret session on the Hill. seem to have done much good. to the Unite_cl Statf's 1n 1961 (after breaking A subpena was prepar~d. An appointment Though Goleniewski has been moved else­ the Scarbeck case) . He is now employed' as was set for ~everal days later in New York. where to keep the Russians guessing, he has a consultant by the U.S. Government." Interviewed~ yesterday, after this reporter yet to tell his story to Congress. He has yet · After a brief digression, the report con­ had checked facts from many sources over a to see any real results, he says, from what tinued: 10-day period, Representative F'EIGHAN said: he came here to tell us. He has yet to enjoy "Mr. Golen1ewsk1 was a member of the "From the very beginning my main con­ many of the blessings that reverted to hi'in" • Communist Party of Poland from January cern was for the safety of this man (Go­ in theory when he obtained his American 1946, until April 1958, when he defected. leniewski) . Everything else seemed sec­ citizenship a few weeks ago. The bill got Without the enactment of the H.R. 5507 (the· ondary. I still have the same concern." a fair wind from Representative F'EIGHAN and proposed blll) the beneficiary wlll not be Represe.ntative F'EIGHAN made the trip his associates. ellgible for naturalization prior to 1968. from Washington to New York with two con­ TREATMENT WON'T ENCOURAGE OTHERS "The Immigration and Naturalization gressional aids. They landed at La Guardia Service has been advised that the contribu­ Airport, and drove ·to an apartment building From the viewpoint of Goleniewski, the tions made by Mr. Goleniewski to the secu­ like a thousand others on Long Island. joys of his American liberation must seem oddly constrained. He is a prisoner of the rity of the United States are rated by the U.S. A LASTING IMPRESSION · Government as truly significant. executive branch of our Government in a way "He has collaborated with the Government The ·handsome Pole made an impression few other citizens have been. He is more in an outstanding manner and under cir­ that · one has described as everlasting-1'11 confined, more.incommunicado, than he ever cumstances which have involved grave per­ never forget it. was before he bolted. sonal risk. He continues to make major Sweet, harried looking and pregnant, his From a reporter's viewpoint, he seems to contributions to the national security of the · wife was in attendance part of the time. be a battered casualty of a Wf!.r as savage United States. • • • His primary motivation But all the time, striding energetically back and devious as the cold war .. It's the war in otfering to work with the Government has and forth in the apartment, the former KGB now raging in the upholstered jungle where been and remains his desire to counter the bigshot painted the picture of what it feels different agents of our Government are stalk- menace of Soviet communism." like to fiee the KGB only to find nothing . ing-and frequently opposing-each other. coming from his leads and his llaison znan One thing is sure. His plight is poor re­ GIVES VIEWS TO CIA MAN -~ with the CIA a Stalinist. cruiting bait for more KGB defectors. Al­ This report and the bllllt was designed to Bit by bit he unloaded the charges spelled ready two have been murdered or inexpli­ expedite had one primary motive. It was, in out at the beginning of this story. cably killed after they arrJved here. The the words of a congressional aid, "to wipe His trio of listeners were so shocked that mental ordeal to which Goleniewski has been ' out the past of a Polish citizen and create •a they never got around to talk about the subjected on this side of the Atlantic could znan who never was, • an American citizen subpena. Not one of them regarded the Pole ult1plately prove to be the more refined kind with a new name, a new identity and a as warped or biased. All knew that the CIA of homicidal retribution. It leave no evi­ new status, free to find a new life here." had been greatly served by him. They were dence whatsoever. Representative F'EIGHAN was thoroughly staggered. The CIA? A spokesman said there would aware of the purpose of the report. He was On his return to Washington, Representa­ be no comment on the matter. sympathetic. A man with a long record of tive F'EIGHAN immed~ately arranged an ap­ fighting subversives, and often stubbornly pointment with CIA Director John A. Mc­ Cone. He told him everything he had heard (From the New York (N.Y.) Journal-Amer­ independent of the executive branch, he is ican, Mar. 3, 1964] known for his special dislike of being turned and urged him to look into the situation and into a rubberstamp by any Government correct it. Mr. McCone said he would. PROBE FOUR U .8. ENVOYS IN RED SPT SEli: NET­ agency. One of the other· men decided to make STORY IN JOURNAL-AMERICAN SPURS ACTION He expressed his views to the CIA men. .a return visit to Goleniewskt. He brought (By Guy Richards) He said he . was shocked at the amount of the subpena along (it was not from any com­ Four American diplomats came under new detail presented about Goleniewski. He said mittee to which Representative F'EIGHAN be­ and hastily organized congressional probes he had heard reports about the KGB defec­ longs) and he also brought some Foreign today after a high Soviet defector named tor, but had never laid eyes on him. He re­ · Service rosters to enable him to interrogate them as Russian collaborators lured by beau­ marked he didn't like to promote any legis­ the defector more explicitly. tiful Polish girls into a classic·fall from grace. lation on a pig-in-the-poke basis and con­ VERY EAGER TO TESTIFY The four, along with a fifth diplomat later cluded with the request: This congressional aid obtained a second allowed to resign, were drawn into the Soviet . "I'd like to see the live body." and more searching interview with the Pole. riet in the espionage hotbed at Warsaw, His request was carried back to higher The latter also expressed his eagerness to Poland's capital, the defector charged. Ten .CIA . oftlcials. There wer~ several days of testify in an executive session of any appro- U.S. Marine guards at the U.S. Embassy there dickering and phoning back and forth be- priate . congressional committee. The sub- also were trapped into collaborating with tween CIA and Congress. · pena was served. the Russians after clandestine atfairs with This bore light on two horizo~ of growing A date and time was set for Goleniewski's Pollsh girls; the defector said. importance in security matters: appearai?-ce before the congressional com- Nor was that all. (a) The fact that the executive branch mittee. Representative F'EIGHAN felt assured '-' SEDUCED BY AGENTS controls CIA, State, Defense, Army, Navy, that whatever was wrong would soon be Air Force, and FBI--all the intelligence­ • smoked out on the Hill. ',, While the diplomats were being black- gathering agencies--and jealously guards its But instead of that appearance, a man mailed by the Polish girls, a handsome So­ rlghts. to run out all adverse criticism· of, from tbe CIA arranged to have a key mem- viet secret service agent bent on collecting these units p_erformance. . · ber of the committee involved vacate the information, managed to s~duce the wife of (b) The personal situations of defectors subpena and cancel the date. Another CIA an American Foreign Service otflcer. ~ vary greatly. Some, llke Yurt Nossenko, man is reliably reported to have pressured And so gay. and lax was the ambassadorial have been publlcized. Some have not. the Army to investigate the subpena server life in the lush Polish capital, the defector .Some bring adv~r8e criticism .of American with a view toward charging him with malt- asserted, that while the American cats were operations. Some do not. Some have fami­ ing use ~f information gained on active duty out playing Soviet inte111gence mice pil,fered Ues behind the Iron Curta~n w.hose saf~ty is (he was then on inactive duty), and for mas-· the Embassy's safe combinations, and prob­ -endangered by publicity here. Some don't. querading as an intelligence omcer. - · ably made off with the Embassy cipher essen.: ·· (]pleniewski had his wife with him. He Th~· A~my was wrong on both counts: The tial to decoding secret messages. alao had plenty of adverse criticism to de­ aid didn't get the information on active Ali· that and more was 'Qrlder close scrutiny nver about U.S. operations. .duty, and he is an 1nte111gence omcer. today as Coxigress turned 'its investigative· On the ticklish issue of whether he should Word was quietly passed from somewhere spotlight on U.S. security leaks around the be allowed to see a Member of the legislative that Mr. Goleniewskl had flipped his lid and world.

- 1961, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 4265 QUICK ACTION PART OF RECORD Mr. FINDLEY (at the request of Mr. The investigations, marked by hurriedly The story yesterday provoked U.S. Rep­ NELSEN), for .30 minutes, Wednesday, scheduled hearings by several congressional resentative JOHN . MILAN ASHBROOK, Repub­ March 4, 1964; and to revise and extend committees were spurred by exclusive revela­ lican, of Ohio, a member of the House Un­ his remarks and include extraneous tions in yesterday's New York Journal-Ame_ri­ American Activities Comni.ittee, and spon-: matter. · can. sor of a recent bill calling foY: an investiga­ The disclosures came from the Soviet de­ tion of the State Department, to say: fector, 41-yea.r-old Michal Goleniewski, who "I will have your story put in the CoN­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS GRESSIONAL RECORD tomorrOW. bared the existence of "cells" of the KGB­ to th.e Soviet Secret Police--in Central Intelli­ "It demonstrates once again how the By unanimous consent, permission -gence · Agency and the State Department, State Department is a privileged sanctuary extend remarks in the CONGRESSIONAL _both in Washington _and in U.S. Embassies riding out waves of criticism with arro­ RECORD, or to revise and extend remarks, overseas. gance and contempt for public opin1o:.;t and was granted to: Goleniewski, still in a CIA hideout, made the elected representatives of the people. Mr. KILBURN and to include certain these other startling revelations: "Its record is one of failure and deceit. letters and statements. · Three American scien-tists with access to The time has come for a thorough· house- cleaning." · <- • Mr. -DENT in two instances. classified material were KGB agents. Representative AsHBROOK said he hoped to Mr. LINDSAY. About $1.2 million of CIA funds in Vienna be able to get Gol~niewski to testify in secret (The following Members · ployees a.round the world will come under especially the bumbling of both agenci~s in Mr. ST. ONGE . . the target sights which Goleniewski directly ignoring the counsel of our former Amb,as­ Mr. DINGELL. or indirectly, is going to provide Capitol Hill. sador to Panama, ·Josepp S. Farland. THREE HUNDRED RISK,S For months before his t:esigtuit~on last They will include SOO persons already summer, Ambassador Farland had called the . . SENATE BILLS REFERRED tabbed as. "grave security risks" w~o are turn-and filed reports on-the widespread sabotage and revolutionary plots ~ of Castro . Bills of the , Senate of the following still on the State Depar.tment payroll. titles were taken . from the Speaker's But the four diplomats cited by the de­ agentS.· throughout the Caribbean, including fector, one a high-ranking KGB omcial, Panama. table and, under the rule, r~ferred as will draw first scrutiny for a very special In tlle February 25 issue of the CoNGREs­ ~ollows: reason. SIONAL, RECORD, Mr. Farland is quoted as :. S. 4.73. An act for the relief of Miss Wlad}'ii follows: · slawa Kowa.lczyk; ~to the Commit~ on the.. They could provide a two-way look at the "When I arrived 'liome in August and the 1 job yet to be done--a look inside the State Jucllciary. ~ · . State Department ' circulated its customaf!y S. 1237. An act for the rellef of Kaloyan Department as well as a look a:t>road. The notice to appropriate agencies listing i"e­ latter would be viaour once spy-riddled Em­ D. Kaloyanoff; to the Committee on the turned ambassadors available for consulta- Judiciary. ·:. . ·bassy at Warsaw. ' tion, a man in the White House went ,to It is reasoned that a close scrutiny of the S. 1525. An act for the relief of Mrs. Kayo work. Fujimoto Howard; to the Committee on the Warsaw case of 1960-61 would show how the "His name is Ralph Dungan. On wnose four diplomats and the Foreign Service Judiciary~ -~~ authority he acted I do not know. ·But Mr. · S. 1597. An act for the relief of Juliano omcer's wife were compromised; and how, Dungan phoned the various agencies, includ­ later, after their exposure, they were saved Barboza Amado and Manuel Socorro Bar­ ing the Pentagon, that I was not to be in­ boza Amado; to the Committee on the ·Judi: by a magic wand waved from the State De­ vited for consultation." · partment's command post in Foggy Bottom. ciary. · " · . , ANOTHER QUOTE S. 1684. An - act for 'the reltef Of Fotlnl VITAL EMBASSY The CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD also quotes Mr. · Dimantopoulou; to t-he Coinm.ittee on the Warsaw is an important Embassy for sev­ Farland as having been taken in hand on an : Ju~:liciary. > eral reasons, but mostly because it is where earlier visit to washington in the late fall S. 1966. · A-n act for the relief of Glenda the United States maintains direct contact of 1962 by Edwin Martin, then Assistant Sec"" Williams;•·to;the Committee on the Judiciary. with the Ambassador of Red China. retary of State for Latin American Affairs. S. 1978. Afi act for the relief of LilJlan P . Goleniewskl, it can now be revealed, was · "Mr. Martin," Mr. Farland reported, "lit- Johnson; to the Committee on the Judiciary. a stlp--a stay-in-placer-in those days. He erally ordered me to have no contact with · S. 1982. An act for the ·relief of .Francesco had sent a few messages to the CIA indicat­ top CIA executives and any congressional , Mira; to the Committee on the Judiciary. ing he wanted to defect. He was told to leaders." · S. 1985. An act for the relief of Giuseppe stay in place, that he would be more use­ And Congress now· is going to page Mr. Cacciani; to the-Committee on the Judiciary. ful as he was. Martin and Mr. Ralph Dungan, the mystery S. 1986. An act for the relief of Hattie Lu; This imposed an additional worry on man who phoned from the White House. to the Committee on the Judiciary. him-but the information he produced was sensational. It was a CIA ten-strike. Of the five diplomats named by Goleniew­ LEAVE OF ABSENCE ENROLLED BILL SIGNED ski, one was allowed to resign. Everyone else in the case was simply shuttled else­ By unanimous consent, leave of ab- Mr. BURLESON, from the Committee where. sEmce was granted to: ' on· House Administration, reported that At a different time, Goleniewski fed in Mr. BRUCE World War I, World dar. Mr. ASHMORE. Committee on the Judi- -War II, the Korean conflict, and their wid­ ciary. H.R. 9678. A bill for the relief of ows; to tJ;le Committee on Veterans' A!-_ Anna Marla Geyer; without amendment. fairs. · REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PRI~ (Rept. No. 1178). Referred to the Com- By Mr . . WILL~S: VATE BILLS AND RESOLU:TIONS mlttee of the Whole House. H.R. !0232. A bill to restrict imports of Mr. SHRIVER. Committee on the Judi- meat and meat products into the United Under clause 2 of rule XIII, ·reports of ciary. H.R. 9959; A bill for the relief of States; to · the Committee on Ways and committees were delivered to the Clerk Harold; A. Saly; without amendment (Rept. Means. for printing and .reference to' the proper No. 1179). Referred to the Committee of By Mr. ASPINALL' (by request) : calendar,· as follows: _ · . the Whole House. H.R.10233. A blll to provide for the re- Mr. ASHMORE: Committee on the Judi­ Mr. DONOHUE. Committee on the Juc11- strlctlon of certain areas t:ri the Outer Con­ ciary. ·H.R. 1203. A blll for' the relief of ciary. H.R. 10078. A blll for the relief of tlnental Shelf for defense purposes, and for Johanna Grlstede; with amendment (Rept. Ph111p N. Shepherdson; without amendment . other purposes (Gulf Test Range, Gulf of No . .1162). Referred to ··the Committee of · (Rept. No. 1180). Referred to the Committee Mexico); to the Committee on Interior and the Whole House. of the Whole House. Insular Affairs. 196.1, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 4267 By Mr. GURNEY: By Mr. BRADEMAS: By Mr. WALLHAUSER: H.R. 10234. A bill to restrict imports of H.R. 10239. A bill for the relief of Gerasi­ H.R. 10247. A bill for the relief of Daniel meat and meat products into the United mos Mourikis; to the Committee on the Augusto da Silva; to the Committee on the States; to the Committee on Ways and Judiciary. Judiciary. Means. By Mr. CLEVELAND: By Mr. PERKINS: H.R. 10240. A bill for the relief of Mrs. H .R . 10235. A bill to amend title II of the Ayse Cakiroglu; to the Committee on the PETITIONS, ETC. Social Security Act to reduce ~om 62 to 50 Judiciary. the age at which a woman otherwise quali­ By Mr. DAVIS of Georgia: Under clause 1 of rule xxn, petitions fied may become entitled to widow's insur­ H.R . 10241. A bill to provide for the con­ and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk ance benefits; to the Committee on Ways and veyance of the interest held by the United and referred as follows: Means. St ates in certain real property situated in 736. By the SPEAKER: Petition of Harold By Mr. SCHWENGEL: the State of Georgia ; to the Committee on J. Wtttenbauer, mayor, Borough of Dumont, H.R. 10236. A bill to require that imported Interior and Insular Affairs. Dumont, N.J., requesting support of the Gal­ meat sold to the ultimate consumer be iden­ By Mr. GLENN: . lagher bill; to the Committee on Interstate tified as such; to the Committee on Inter­ and Foreign Commerce. state and Foreign Commerce. H.R. 10242. A b111 for the relief of Gerald St. John; to the Committee on the Judiciary. 737. Also, petition of Kazys Simenas, chair­ By Mr. SHRIVER: man, Amerlcan-L1thuan1ans, Norwood, Mass., H.R. 10237. A blll prohibiting lithograph­ By Mr. JONAS: H.R.10243. A bill for the relief of Nicola relative to the liberation of Lithuania; to the ing or engraving on envelopes sold by the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Post Office .,Pepartment, and for other pur­ Alfieri; to the Committee on the Judiciary. poses; to the Committee on Post omce and By Mr. LONG of Louisiana: 738. Also, petition of Junsho Oshiro, H.R. 10244. A bill for the relief of Ben­ mayor, Nishihara-Son, Okinawa, for early Civil Service. solution of the problem of pretreaty claims; Jamin Soued and Elie Soued; to the Com­ to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. mittee on the Judiciary. PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS 739. Also, petition of Eiharu Nakamura, By Mr. NORBLAD: Naha, Okinawa, for expeditious solution of Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private H.R. 10245. A bill for tne relief of Mrs. the problem of compensation for damages bllls and resolutions were introduced and Arsenia Senires and her daughter, Milagros sustained prior to peace treaty; to the Com­ severally referred as follows: Senires; to the Committee on the Judiciary. mittee on Foreign Affairs. By Mr. BELCHER: By Mr. SCHWEIKER: 740. Also, petition of Terutake Oyadomarl, H.R. 10238. A bill for the relief of Mrs. H.R. 10246. A bill for the relief of Maj. Nishihara-Son, Okinawa, for early solution Gllda Rosa McDaniels; to the Committee on Alexander F. Berol, U.S. ·Army, retired; to the of the problem of pretreaty claims; to the the Judiciary. Committee on the Judiciary. Committee on Foreign Affairs.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Outstuding Military Editor Retires weaken the dialogue which those .of us tain their aspirations for legitimate in­ are engaged in as to how to improve dependence. In Bulgaria itself they lack EXTENSION OF REMARKS America's military strength. freedom of speech, freedom of the press, OF and freedom of political activity. In their hearts they steadfastly look for­ HON. THOMAS B. CUITIS ward to the day when their country wlll OJ' MISSOURI Bulgaria• lndepeatlence Day be free from the yoke of communism. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Therefore, Mr. Speaker, on this day EXTENSION OF REMARKS we salute the people of Bulgaria, recog­ Tuesday, March 3, 1964 OF · nizing their steadfastness and their de­ Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, although sire to wage a victorious struggle against military expenditures consume the ma­ HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI the Communist regime which dominates jor part of our Federal budget and have OF ILLINOIS them. Bulgarian Liberation Day is cele­ for many years, there are relatively few IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES brated throughout the free world in a full time good military analysts avail­ Tuesday, March 3, 1964 manner that cannot be celebrated in able on daily newspapers, magazines, ra­ Bulgaria itself. dio and television networks and other Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, 85 media. years ago the people of Bulgaria attained One of the most independent, coura­ their independence after centuries of geous, and ·honest reporters for many domination by the Ottoman Empire. Estonian ladepen~nce years has been Brig. Gen. Thomas R. For 66 years the Bulgarian people Phillips, U.S. Army, retired, who regret­ maintained their independence and de­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS tably retired on February 1, 1964, as mili­ veloped their nation. OF tary affairs editor of the St. Louis Post­ In September 1944 SO'Viet armies in­ Dispatch. vaded Bulgaria and established a Com~ . HON. MILTON W. GLENN Over a period of many years I have munist puppet government. This Com­ OF NEW JERSEY often had occasion to deal with highly munist government was imposed by So­ IN THE HOUSE. OF REPRESENTATIVES technical, confidential, and controversial viet bayonets and the people of Bulgaria matters with General Phillips and basi­ lost their independence. The last legiti­ Tuesday, March 3,1964 cally, wi'thout exception, he was a mate link to their independence was Mr. GLENN. Mr. Speaker, Monday, straightforward, hard working, honest broken in 1946 when King Simeon was February 24, 1964, marked the 46th an­ reporter. expelled from the nation by the puppet niversary of the establishment of the in­ The readers of the St. Louis Post-Dis­ Communist regime. dependence of the Republic of Estonia. I patch will truly miss the analytical inde­ The Bulgarian people are captives of join with the millions of friends this pendent thinking and writing of Gen­ communism-a fate they share with cause has in the free world to commemo­ eral Phillips and we in the Congress will millions of other captives behind· the rate this event with deep reverence. also be the poorer. I hope that the St. Iron CUrtain. Americans of Estonian origin or de-­ Louis Post-Dispatch will obtain the high­ However, the spirit of independence, scent reaffirm and adhere to American est class replacement for General Phil­ the desire for freedom, and the deter­ democratic principles of government in lips because his shoes are very difficult mination to persevere in the face of cen­ observing their independence day. Let ones to fill. turies of Ottoman rule inspired the Bul­ this tribute signify that ·the Republic of I take this occasion to pay my respects garian groups in exile .wage a relentless Estonia is by no means a forgetten na­ to a retired military officer who after re­ struggle against the Communist oppres- · tion in the hearts and minds of those in tirement became an outstanding jour­ sion of their homeland. The people of the free world . who cherish freedom to n.allst. tple absence of his writings wUl Bulgaria ~ilently a;nq· effectively inaiti:_ make theit owri decisloi:l. iive th.eir own