AP Rural Poverty Reduction Project Public Disclosure Authorized Tribal Development Plan Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized FILE COPY
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Public Disclosure Authorized AP Rural Poverty Reduction Project Public Disclosure Authorized Tribal Development Plan Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized FILE COPY 1. INTRODUCTION The Andhra Pradesh Rural Poverty Reduction Project (APRPRP) will cover 500 backward mandals in 16 districts of the State viz. Visakhapatnam, East Godavari, West Godavari, Khammam, Warangal, Karimnagar, Nizamabad, Medak, Krishna, Guntur, Prakasam, Nellore, Rangareddy, Cuddapah, Kumool and Nalgonda. The focus of the project is to improve opportunities for rural poor to meet priority social and economic needs in the said districts. Since the tribal population constitute the poorest and the most vulnerable of the social groups in the Project, a Tribal Development Plan is proposed as an integral part of the APRPRP. World Bank's Operational Directive 4.20 related to Indigenous People is triggered in APRPRP. In the state, 33 tribal groups are notified as Scheduled Tribes. The list of Scheduled Tribes is appended as Annexure I. The hilly and wooded tracts of Andhra Pradesh State have sheltered most of the tribal population from time immemorial. The Scheduled Tribes inhabiting Andhra Pradesh State possess in varying degrees the following characteristics: a. a close attachment to ancestral territories and to natural resources in these areas; b. self identification and identification by others as members of a distinct cultural group; c. an indigenous language or dialect, often different from the state language; d. presence of customary social and political institutions; and e. primarily subsistence oriented production. The population of Scheduled tribes is 4.2 millions and they constitute 6.3% of the State's general population (1991 Census). The scheduled areas and tribal sub-plan areas in the districts of Srikakulam, Vizianagaram, Visakhapatnam, East Godavari, West Godavari, Khammam, Warangal, Adilabad and Mahabubnagar constitute the traditional habitat of about 30 tribal groups, while the other 3 groups viz., Yerukula, Yanadi and Lambada, are mainly living in the plains, outside the tribal concentrated areas. The tribal population can be broadly divided into 4 categories based on their geographical distribution, habitat and levels of economy in the State of Andhra Pradesh: a. Those living in the areas of tribal concentration; b. Primitive Tribal Groups'; c. Those living in small pockets outside tribal concentration; and d. Those dispersed through out the State. Proiect Area The project districts comprise three of the five distinct tribal regions of the State. The major tribes and their geographical distribution in the project districts is as follows: IIn Andhra Pradesh, eight Tribal groups viz. Chenchu, Khond, Savara, Kondareddy, Thoti, Gadaba, Porja and Kolam are identified as Primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs) basing on certain criteria evolved by Government of India like pre-agricultural level technology, low literacy and hunting and gathering economy I Geo Ethnic Zones of Project districts S.No. Traditional Habitat Major Tribes 1. Machkund - Sileru Bagata, Muka Dora, Kotia, Khond, River basin Konda Dora, Valmiki, Gadaba, Porja, (agency area of Visakhapatnam district) Goudu, Kammara, Mali. 2. Godavari Basin Koya, Konda Reddi, Naikpod, Valmiki, (agency areas of East & West Godavari, and Lambada. Khammam and Warangal districts ). 3. Nallamalai Region (parts of Kumool, Chenchu. Prakasam, Guntur, Nalgonda, Rangareddy Yerukula, Yanadi and Lambada tribes are found predominantly in the plain areas of Project districts. PARTICIPATION OF POOR COMMUNITIES IN APRPRP The APRPRP is designed to maximize the participation of the target groups, i.e the poor communities. The objectives of the Project are that the poor, and particularly the poorest of the poor build and nurture self-reliant, self managed empowered organizations and through these organizations access economic and social opportunities in a risk managed environment. They are able to convert and expand their asset base into an economically viable, improved and sustainable living. Higher level educational achievement, particularly among girl children of the poorest of the poor is another critical objective. The Scheduled Tribes in Andhra Pradesh are amongst the poorest in the Project districts and hence of utmost priority in APRPRP. One of the prerequisites of a successful development plan for the scheduled tribes is the preparation of a culturally appropriate development plan, with the involvement of the tribals and based on full consideration of the options preferred by them. Being a community demand driven Project, the active involvement of the poor communities at each stage of the Project is a fundamental tenet in APRPRP. The involvement of the tribal community in planning, implementation and monitoring of the programmes meant for their own development would be the cornerstone of the tribal development strategy in APRPRP. The process of community participation in tribal development would include establishment of viable and sustainable village institutions, which are self managed and self governed. All project interventions and other Government interventions would flow through such village level institutions. Such an approach would ensure that the development interventions are culturally appropriate. The development needs of each tribal community differ from each other, and therefore there cannot be one single model suited to all the tribal communities. 2 COMPONENTS OF APRPRP The APRPRP consists of the following six components: 1. Strengthening Institutional Social and Human Capacity Building. 2. Community Investment Fund. 3. Investment in Social Risk Management & Social Protection. 4. Investment in Educational Support for Two Especially Disadvantaged Groups: Girl Child Labourers and School Drop-outs. 5. Support to people with Disabilities. 6. Project Management, Monitoring and Evaluation Studies. 1) Strenethening Institutional Social and Human Capacity Building: > Social assessment for identification of those belonging to the target groups and their specific needs. > Mapping of all existing schemes and services on the ground that are relevant and identification of areas of integration. > Social mobilization for setting in motion processes for increasing opportunities for capacity building of the target groups and > Setting up mechanisms for coordination of CBOs and PRIs through Joint Planning and sharing of responsibilities and a baseline assessment of project outcomes for purposes of monitoring impacts. 2) Community Investment Fund: > Activities for which the poor may want to access as a group, based on their current livelihoods, off farm livelihood opportunities for the landless, livelihoods for small and marginal farmers, infrastructure development, land and water conservation / management interventions, etc. 3) Investment in Social Risk Management & Social Protection: > To undertake pilots in social risk management and social protection. > Pilot insurance schemes (in health, livelihoods and agriculture), social safety nets for vulnerable women and groups, girl child protection, management of emergency Social Fund. 4) Investment in Educational Support for two Especiallv Disadvantaged Groups: Girl child Labourers and School Drop-outs: > Investment in weaning girl children away from work. > Provide for campaigns, social mobilization and residential schools etc. 5) Support to Deople with Disabilities: > Investments for meeting the special needs of the people with disabilities mostly in software, capacity building, integration of people with disabilities into main stream, changing social mindset, developing Community based rehabilitation (CBR) programmes, developing cadres of CBR workers etc. > Investments in providing options to destitute 3 6) Project Management, Monitoring and Evaluation Studies: > Cost of incremental staff, technical assistance / consultants, training and workshops and study tours, vehicles, office equipment supplies and other incremental costs. > Special studies and preparation of a follow up project. > Funding for a comprehensive Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) system. 2. METHODOLOGY FOR PREPARATION OF THE TRIBAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN The following methodology was followed for developing this Tribal development plan. A) Secondary Information The information collected from Secondary sources relate to demography, Social, and cultural profile of Scheduled Tribes, education and literacy, sectoral involvement (work), land holding, health and sanitation, household assets and infrastructure provision. The information has been collected from: Census 1991, Base Line Survey for Andhra Pradesh DPIP conducted by CESS, Reports published by Department of Education, Hyderabad, Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Hyderabad and Tribal Welfare Department, Hyderabad B) Field Work Field work was taken up in sample villages to collect primary data on livelihood strategies, risk-response and impact, access to formal institutions, programmes and projects, informal institutions and common property resources and sustainable livelihood indicators. The sample villages, were selected by a team of international and national consultants, with expertise in PRA techniques, Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and interviewing key informants. In the field they were assisted by the Community Coordinators (CCs) and Social Organizers (SOs) of the ongoing APDPIP Project. The team of social researchers from T.C.R & T.I, with a strong background of conducting anthropological studies participated in the fieldwork