Introduction The East Godavari District is located in the North Coastal part of the state of Andhra Pradesh. The District boundaries are Visakhapatnam, West Godavari, Khammam Districts and Bay of Bengal.The District is known as rice bowl of Andhra Pradesh with lush paddy fields and coconut groves. It is also known as another Kerala. East Godavari, it is the Rice Granary of Andhra Pradesh, beckons tourists to have a glimpse of its rich cultural heritage. Where the lush paddy fields swaying in the breeze appear to dance in a celebration to life.The Headquarters of the District is located at Kakinada.The District is a residuary portion of the old Godavari District after West Godavari District was separated in 1925. As the name of the district conveys, East Godavari District is closely associated with the river Godavari, occupying a major portion of the delta area. East Godavari district is having the area of 10,807 Sq Kms with 7 Revenue divisions, 64 Revenue mandals and 1012 Grama panchayats with a population of 51,51,549 as per 2011 provisional census figures. The Headquarters of the District is located at Kakinada. East Godavari District lies North - East Coast of Andhra Pradesh and bounded on the North by Visakhapatnam District and the State of Orissa, on the East and the South by the Bay of Bengal and on the West by Khammam District of Telangana State and West Godavari Districts. Area of the District is 12,805 Sq.Kms including newly added Yetapaka Division. The District is located between Northern latitudes of 16o 30' and 18o 20' and between the Eastern longitudes of 81o 30' and 82o 30'. It has a population of 52.86 lakhs as per 2011 Census. The District consisting of 7 Revenue Divisions viz., Kakinada, Rajamahendravaram, Peddapuram, Rampachodavaram, Amalapuram, Ramachandrapuram and Yetapaka. 1 East Godavari District (Telugu: ) is a district situated on the north-east of తూ쁍పు గోదావరి 瀿졍లా the state of Andhra Pradesh in India. Its district headquarters is Kakinada. Details of Divisions and Mandals in the District Sl.No. Name of the Sl.NO. Name of the Mandal Sl.N Name of the Mandal covered covered by O. Mandal covered by by Amalapuram Rajamahendravaram Ramachandrapuram Division Division division. 1 Atreyapuram 1 Seethanagaram 1 Kapileswarapuram 2 Ravulapalem 2 Korukonda 2 Mandapeta 3 Kothapeta 3 Rajanagaram 3 K.Gangavaram 4 P.Gannavaram 4 Rajamahendravaram(U) 4 Ramachandrapuram 5 Razolu 5 Rajamahendravaram (R) 5 Anaparthi 6 Malkipuram 6 Kadiyam 6 Biccavolu 7 Sakhinetipalli 7` Alamuru 7 Kajuluru 8 Mamidikuduru 8 Gokavaram 8 Rayavaram. 9 Ambajipeta 10 Amalapuram 11 Allavaram 12 Mummidivaram 13 Katrenikona 14 Uppalaguptham 15 Ainavilli 16 I.Polavaram. 2 Name of the Name of the Name of the Mandal Mandal covered by Mandal covered covered by Sl.No. Sl.NO. Sl.NO. Peddapuram by Kakinada Rampachodavaram Division Division division. 1 Rangampeta 1 Kakinada Urban 1 Y.Ramavarm 2 Gandepalli 2 Kakinada Rural 2 Addateegala 3 Jaggampeta 3 Pithapuram 3 A.Gangavaram 4 Prathipadu 4 Gollaprolu 4 Rajavommangi 5 Kirlampudi 5 U.Kothapalli 5 Rampachodavarm 6 Sankhavaram 6 Tallarevu 6 Devipatnam 7 Rowthalapudi 7 Karapa 7 Maredumilli 8 Yeleswaram 8 Samalkota 9 Peddapuram 9 Pedapudi 10 Thuni 11 Thondangi 12 Kotananduru Sl.No. Name of the Mandal covered by YatapadkaDivision 1 Yetapaka 2 Vara Ramachandrapuram 3 Kunavaram 4 Chinturu. Ecological Significance The Coringa mangrove forests in the Godavari delta are the second largest mangrove formation in the country. Part of this has been declared as the Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary, renowned for its reptiles. They also provide an important habitat to a wide variety of fish and crustaceans. These forests also act as barriers against cyclones, storms and tidal waves thus protecting the nearby villages. ABOUT RIVERS: 1. River Godavari 2. River Pampa 3. Thandava 4. Yeleru River Godavari is the main and major water sources in the district 3 Types of disasters that could affect east godavari district East Godavari District, one of the nine coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh, is a regular victim of multiple disasters and this district was badly affected by all major natural disasters time to time since independent era. Hazards can be single, sequential or combined in their origin and effects. For instance, it could be a cyclone followed by floods. Sometimes natural hazards may get augmented by human activities. For instance, natural coastal erosion by wave action may increase due to cutting down of mangroves. The risk from hazards is characterized by the frequency of occurrence and severity of the hazard. For example tsunamis are rare events with moderate to severe consequences. Mild flooding may occur frequently, while severe flooding may be an infrequent event. Coastal erosion may be a chronic event with mild consequences or, coupled with other hazards, may result in severe impacts on the shoreline. Infrequent events with limited predictability pose the greatest risk of disaster and the longest time needed for disaster recovery. Frequent or ongoing hazards such as resource or environmental degradation processes can be monitored to reduce risk. CLIMATE The Climate is comparatively moderate throughout the year except during the months of April to June when the temperature reaches a maximum of 48 deg. Centigrade. The normal rainfall of the district is 1280.0 mm.More than half of the rainfall i s brought by South-West Monsoon while a large portion of the rest of the district receives rainfall from the North-East Monsoon also, during October and November. TEMPARATURE In the interior low level area of the district, the temperatures in summer are about 2 to 3 degrees higher than in the coastal region. In the hilly tracks, the temperature in general may be lower than in the coastal region by about a couple of degrees or so, depending on elevation. From about the middle of February, the temperatures rise rapidly till May which is the hottest month with the mean daily maximum temperature at about 35oC and the mean minimum at about 27oC. The weather is very oppressive particularly in the coastal region where humidity is also generally high. Thunder showers and sea breezes in the afternoons bring some relief from the heat in the coastal region. 4 With the on set of the south-west monsoon by about mid June the day temperatures drop by a couple of degrees. But, the decrease in the night temperature is only slight. After the withdrawal of the South-West monsoon, early in October, temperature begins to decrease progressively. December and January are the coldest months with the mean daily maximum temperature at about 28o C and the mean daily minimum at about 18o C. During the fine weather season, the night temperature may sometimes drop down to about 11o C. NATURAL RESOURCES: River Godavari is the main water source both for agriculture and dirking purpose. An extent of Hectors of land is being cultivated by the Godavari Eastern Delta and central Delta. Lift Irrigation Schemes such as Chagalanadu Lift Irrigation, Pushkar Lift Irrigation Scheme etc., are also the Irrigation Sources for agriculture and dirking purpose. AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES Godavari District is situated in Krishna Godavari Agro Climatic Zone; It is one of the agriculturally potential districts in Andhra Pradesh, contributing about 10% of the total food production of the State. It is broadly classified into 4 Agro Climatic Zones (i.e) :: 1. Central delta comprising 16 mandals. 2. Eastern Delta having 15 mandals. 3. Upland area with 19 mandals. 4. Agency area with 8 mandals. 5. Urban area with 2 mandals. The District is divided into 5 Revenue divsions comprising of 60 mandals. Agriculturally it is divided into 18 sub divisions. 5 PADDY :: The major crop grown in the District is Paddy which is cultivated both in Kharif & Rabi as Irrigated and Un Irrigated crop. During Kharif 2001 an area of 2.10 Lakh Ha of area is cultivated as Irrigated Paddy and the production is 8.42 Lakh Tons with productivity of 3994 Kg/Ha (Paddy). Further in an area of 9930 Ha Paddy is grown as Un Irrigated crop with a production of 0.17 Lakh Tons and productivity of 1716 Kg/Ha. During Rabi 2001 - 02 Paddy is grown in an area of 1.66 Lakh Ha and the production is 10.97 Lakh Ha with a productivity of 6625 Kg/Ha. Maize :: Maize crop grown both in Kharif and Rabi, In Kharif 2001 the crop is grown in an area of 2495 Ha with a production of 6442 Tons and productivity is 2582 Kg/Ha. In Rabi 2001 - 02 an area of 3241 Ha is covered with Maize and production is 10770 Tons with a productivity of 3323 Kg/Ha. Jowar :: In Kharif 2001 Jowar crop is grown in 999 Ha of area and the production is 1094 Tons with productivity of 1095 Kg/Ha. Pulses :: Black Gram & Green Gram are the major crops grown under Pulses in both Kharif and Rabi in East Godavari District. An area of 15931 Ha is covered with Black Gram in the year 2001 with a production of 5958 Tons and the productivity is 374 Kg/Ha. Oil Seeds :: Under Oil Seeds major crops grown are Sesamum and Ground Nut in both Kharif & Rabi. In Kharif 2001 an area of 2843 Ha is covered under Sesamum and the production is 640 Tons and productivity is 225 Kg/Ha. In Rabi 2001-02, 1629 Ha of area is covered with Sesamum and the production and productivity are 459 Tons and 282 Kg/Ha respectively. Sugar Cane :: In the year 2001 Sugarcane crop is grown in 15778 Ha of land and the production and productivity are 1410 Lakh Tons and 8940 Tons/Ha respectively.