J. Arthur Duff Papers

http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt258032d8 No online items

Register of the J. Arthur Duff 85082 1 papers Title: J. Arthur Duff papers Date: 1906-1996 Collection Number: 85082 Contributing Institution: Hoover Institution Archives Language of Material: English Physical Description: 14 manuscript boxes, 1 oversize box(6.8 linear feet) Abstract: Memoirs, other writings, correspondence, printed matter, memorabilia, and photographs relating to missionaries in China, political and social conditions in China prior to and during World War II, and American intelligence operations in China during World War II. Physical Location: Hoover Institution Archives Creator: Duff, J. Arthur (James Arthur), 1899-1996. Access The collection is open for research; materials must be requested at least two business days in advance of intended use. Publication Rights For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives. Preferred Citation [Identification of item], J. Arthur Duff papers, [Box no., Folder no. or title], Hoover Institution Archives Acquisition Information Acquired by the Hoover Institution Archives in 1985. Accruals Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at https://searchworks.stanford.edu . Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the online catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid. 1899 November Born in Kuling, China 14 1911-1920 Sent to live with relatives in Ontario, Canada 1920 Returned to China, went into business in Shanghai 1926 Married Jeanie Woodbridge (a China-born daughter of 13 generations of Canadian ministers and missionaries). They had five children: Woodrow, Virginia, Arthur, David, and Teddy 1939 Moved his family to the United States when the Japanese invaded China 1941 December-1942Escaped internment in Hong Kong February 1942 Recruited by the O.S.S. and returned to China to operate as an O.S.S. agent on the Chinese mainland for the duration of the war 1945-1960 Established a highly successful manufacturing and retail business in several areas in the Far East 1960 Retired from active business becoming a world-wide wanderer 1979 Had a stroke 1990 Suffered a series of strokes, entered a nursing facility at Carewest Calistoga, California 1996 Died, California August 2 Scope and Content of Collection The papers relate to missionaries in China, political and social conditions in China before and during World War II and American intelligence operations in China during World War II. The Biographical File includes personal documents of and about J. Arthur Duff, as well as information on his wife, Mrs. Jeannie Woodbridge-Duff. The Biographical File also includes documentation on Duff's positions in private business. A substantial part of the collection contains material on Duff's escape from Hong Kong, his return to China, and work for the OSS. In early spring of 1942, Cornelius V. Starr established an ambitious intelligence plan called "The Counter Japanese Division of COI." His insurance company and newspapers were to be used as cover to collect intelligence in China. Duff joined this group and led the counter-Japanese division in Chungking. His work provided significant documentation on the situation in the Pacific and in the China-Burma sector. Duff's performance, grasp of strategic issues, and persistence in

Register of the J. Arthur Duff 85082 2 papers upholding the course of action he believed to be viable is documented, as are his disagreements with C. V. Starr. Correspondence contains business and personal documents, including extensive correspondence and the collected writings of Barbara W. Tuchman, an authority on the subject of Joseph W. Stilwell's life and career. Typewritten memoirs constitute the most significant segment of the Writings series. Therein Duff recorded details of his daily life, his thoughts on various subjects, his trips, and his personal life. According to his daughter Virginia Black, his lack of training or knowledge in a subject area did not impose any restraints or restrictions whatsoever on his outspoken opinion. This series is divided into three parts by the time of the event, topic, and miscellany writings on various issues (See J. Arthur Duff papers, Box 1, Folder 1). Background Material consists of materials by other authors, generally similar in topic to Duff's own work, such as childhood memoirs, China and its people, customs and culture, World War II, and world's current events issues. It also includes photocopies of books and articles, press summaries, studies, reports, clippings, and printed materials related to the subject of his interests. Finally, the Photographs depict scenes and people from China, Canada, Africa, and many places of the United States. Also included are an extensive amount of prints documenting Duff family members and their travels around the world. Subjects and Indexing Terms United States. Office of Strategic Services. Canadians--China. China--History--Republic, 1912-1949. China--Social conditions. Missionaries. Missions--China. Secret service--United States. World War, 1939-1945--China. World War, 1939-1945--Secret service.

Biographical File 1942-1996 Scope and Contents note Personal documents and China claim documents, arranged by physical form.

Box/Folder 1 : 1 Biographical note written by his children 1996 August Scope and Contents note Includes Duff family tree.

Box/Folder 1 : 2 Family history 1942-1943 Scope and Contents note Includes report on James A. Duff service in the OSS.

China claim documents 1943-1984 Box/Folder 1 : 3-4 Explanatory notes to claims 1943 Box/Folder 1 : 5-7 American claims against Chinese-expropriated properties and businesses 1970-1984 Box/Folder 1 : 8-9 British claims. Foreign Compensation Commission, London 1981-1984 Box/Folder 1 : Canadian claims. Foreign Claims Commission, Ottawa 1981-1982 10-11 Box/Folder 1 : Address/note books 1950-1985 12-13 Box/Folder 1 : 14 Certificate of marriage 1926 March 11 Box/Folder 1 : Passports 1943-1966 15-16 Box/Folder 2 : 1 Passports 1943-1966 Box/Folder 2 : 2 Material on trip around the world 1970-1972 Box/Folder 2 : 3 Articles about J. Arthur Duff 1975-1984

Office of Strategic Services File 1940-1985 Scope and Contents note Personal files, notes, remarks, memoranda, letters, and reports related to Duff's service in the counter-Japanese division in Chungking, China, arranged by physical form.

Box/Folder 2 : 4 History of service written by Duff 1942-1943 Box/Folder 2 : 5 James A. Duff OSS confidential file 1942-1981 Scope and Contents note Includes certificate of identification.

Materials related to Duff's OSS activities Box/Folder 2 : 6 OSS information relating to arrangements between Cornelius V. Starr and General Donovan. Memoirs are recollected in 1983-1984 Scope and Contents note Includes clippings.

Box/Folder 2 : 7 Notes and remarks on C. V. Starr 1940-1984 Box/Folder 2 : 8 Headquarters Philippine Department, Office of Assistant Chief of Staff for Military Intelligence, Manila 1938 December 14 Box/Folder 2 : 9 Memorandum and correspondence to executives of Starr Group regarding James A. Duff escape from Honk Kong 1942 Box/Folder 2 : 10 Confidential letter from the Director of OSS William J. Donovan to former members of OSS 1945 September 28 Scope and Contents note Includes information, letters translated from Chinese, and photographs of Yu Han Mou, 1944.

Box/Folder 2 : 11 Memorandum issued by J. A. Duff regarding China (political, economical and cultural conditions) 1965 April 16 Box/Folder 2 : 12 Confidential memo regarding situation in Cuba 1960 March 29 Box/Folder 2 : 13 Minutes of meeting with Higher Education Delegation from the People's Republic of China 1985 January 30 Scope and Contents note Includes material on China's Reunification under the Three Principles of the People, Taipei, October 22, 1982.

Reports 1941-1985 Box/Folder 2 : 14 Simulated report of the Royal Commission headed by Sir Lyman P. Duff, Chief Justice, charged with an investigating the circumstances leading up to the dispatch of two Canadian regiments to the British crown colony of Hong Kong in October-November 1941 Box/Folder 2 : 15 Incarceration of Japanese in Canada after Pearl Harbor undated Box/Folder 2 : 16 Trip to Canton 1957 October 4-7 Box/Folder 2 : 17 Intelligence and Sabbath observance 1985 Scope and Contents note Includes comments on fundamental and modernity in religion.

Box/Folder 2 : 18 Arab oil rip-off has destroyed the "American Way" in pricing, and competition: there may come a day of reckoning - a "Sonic Boom" which can destroy the entire basis of "Free Enterprise," and the financial system with it circa 1985 Writings 1942-circa 1985 Scope and Contents note Memoirs/book notes, reviews, and miscellaneous writings, arranged chronologically or alphabetically by topic.

Memoirs/book notes circa 1982-1985

Chronological writings' drafts Box/Folder 2 : 19 Childhood 1906-1910 Box/Folder 2 : 20 Early days in Canada 1914 Box/Folder 2 : 21-22 Events in Kuling-Kiukiang 1926-1927 Box/Folder 2 : 23 Shanghai incidents 1932 Box/Folder 2 : 24 Japan occupied Manchuria 1934 Box/Folder 2 : 25 1937-1938 Box/Folder 3 : 1 1939 Box/Folder 3 : 2 1940 Box/Folder 3 : 3 1941-1942 Box/Folder 3 : 4-7 1943 Box/Folder 3 : 8 1944 Box/Folder 3 : 9 1946-1947 Box/Folder 3 : 10 1971 Topics Box/Folder 3 : 11 Beggars Box/Folder 3 : 12 Chinese currency Box/Folder 3 : 13 Chinese customs Box/Folder 3 : 14 Chinese characteristics China coast characteristics Box/Folder 3 : 15 General Box/Folder 3 : 16 Sammy Chang Box/Folder 3 : 17 Mimi Lau Box/Folder 3 : 18 Chang-Tin-Chuk Box/Folder 3 : 19 Eugenia Moore, Honigsberg et Al Box/Folder 3 : 20 Oren B. Mctavish Box/Folder 3 : 21 Chungking: First Arrival by Plane Box/Folder 3 : 22 Compradores and chits Box/Folder 3 : 23 Converts Box/Folder 3 : 24 Count Igor Box/Folder 3 : 25 Devon Escape from Hong Kong to Free China Box/Folder 3 : 26 Original typescript 1942 Box/Folder 3 : 27 Newspaper articles, photograph, introduction to Hong Kong escape manuscript Box/Folder 3 : 28 "Escape From Hong Kong To Free China, January and February, 1942," printed by the South China Morning Post, Limited, Hong Kong undated Box/Folder 4 : 1 Hong Kong escape aftermath Box/Folder 4 : 2 Hong Kong: Post-war episodes Box/Folder 4 : 3 Photographs, maps, notes, and correspondence Box/Folder 4 : 4 Ernest Hemingway Box/Folder 4 : 5 Face Box/Folder 4 : 6 Fall of Hong Kong Box/Folder 4 : 7 Far Away and Long Ago, reminiscences of 1899-1982 Box/Folder 4 : 8 General Morris "Two-Gun" Cohen Box/Folder 4 : 9 High finance in Shanghai Box/Folder 4 : 10 Hollis H. Arnold Box/Folder 4 : 11 Home leave Box/Folder 4 : 12 John Francis Duff (eldest brother) Box/Folder 4 : 13 Kiukiang/Kuling Box/Folder 4 : 14 Kiukiang: animal characteristics

Box/Folder 4 : 15-16 Kuling Box/Folder 4 : 17 Language Box/Folder 4 : 18 Language of diplomacy Box/Folder 4 : 19 Loong Kai Ho Creek - Kiukiang Box/Folder 4 : 20 Lu Chat Box/Folder 4 : 21 Madame Chiang Kai Shek - And Her "Helpers" Box/Folder 4 : 22 Margaret Anne (Ostler) Duff, 1869-1952 (mother) Box/Folder 4 : 23 Mary Box/Folder 4 : 24 Missionaries Box/Folder 4 : 25 Old China hands Box/Folder 4 : 26 On retirement Box/Folder 4 : 27 Opium Box/Folder 4 : 28 Religion Box/Folder 4 : 29 Return to Kiukiang Box/Folder 4 : 30 Sex in China Box/Folder 4 : 31 Shanghai Box/Folder 4 : 32 Shanghai volunteers Box/Folder 4 : 33 Squeeze Box/Folder 4 : 34 Story of Dr. Wassel Box/Folder 4 : 35 Street writers Box/Folder 4 : 36 Thieves in China Box/Folder 4 : 37 Three waterfalls Box/Folder 4 : 38 To follow General Chiang Kai-Shek and General Stilwell "Old China Hands" Box/Folder 5 : 1-2 Wartime notes Box/Folder 5 : 3 Water buffalo Box/Folder 5 : 4-10 Miscellaneous writings on current events 1969-1985

Reviews 1960-1985

Box/Folder 6 : 1 Comments on The Universe undated Box/Folder 6 : 2 The Answer to "Peaceful Co-Existence," 1960 June Scope and Contents note Includes clippings.

Box/Folder 6 : 3 Evolution or Special Creation, some notes and commentary on the book by Frank Lewis Marsh 1963 Box/Folder 6 : 4 Comments on M19 Escape and Evasion: 1939-1945 by M. R. D. Foot and J. M. Langley 1985 Box/Folder 6 : 5 Comments on newspaper articles 1976 Box/Folder 6 : 6 Empire of the Sun, by J. G. Ballard Correspondence 1889-1986 Scope and Contents note Contains correspondence of both a business and personal nature, arranged alphabetically by name of correspondent.

Box/Folder 6 : Personal letters, family correspondence 1889-1985 7-11 Box/Folder 6 : 12 1940 Box/Folder 6 : 13 1942-1972 Scope and Contents note Includes one photograph and photographic negatives.

Box/Folder 6 : 14 1960-1979 Box/Folder 6 : 15 1964 Box/Folder 6 : 16 1976 Box/Folder 6 : 17 1982-1984 Box/Folder 6 : 18 1982-1985 Box/Folder 6 : 19 1984 Box/Folder 6 : 1984-1985 20-21 Box/Folder 6 : 22 1985 Box/Folder 6 : 23 1986 Box/Folder 6 : 24 Wilson, Edith Bolling (four letters) 1929 Box/Folder 6 : 25 Parker, George A. 1941 Scope and Contents note Includes photos and clippings, 1938-1943. Also includes life story of Lum-King-Hwen (in Chinese with English translation)

Box/Folder 6 : 26 Lockwoods family, Kukong (China) 1942 Scope and Contents note Includes clippings.

Box/Folder 6 : 27 Soong-Ching-ling, Madame (letter to) 1962 Box/Folder 6 : 28 Sevareid, Eric (CBS News) 1965 Box/Folder 6 : 29 Tuchman, Barbara 1975-1984 Scope and Contents note Includes clippings.

Box/Folder 6 : 30 Hoyles, W. F. 1976 Scope and Contents note Includes clippings.

Box/Folder 6 : 31 Munro, Ross H. 1977 Box/Folder 6 : Wedemeyer, Albert 1960-1985 32-33 Box/Folder 7 : 1-2 Wedemeyer, Albert 1960-1985 Box/Folder 7 : 3 Miscellany 1983-1984 Box/Folder 7 : 4 Envelopes addressed to Duff 1939-1944 Box/Folder 7 : 5 Telegram receipts 1930 Background Material 1912-1985 Scope and Contents note Consists of collected secondary sources, which includes photocopies of books and articles, press summaries, studies, reports, clippings, and printed materials, arranged by physical form, then alphabetically thereunder.

Books (photocopies) 1912-1981

Box/Folder 7 : 6 Borodin: Stalin's Man in China, by Dan N. Jacobs, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England 1981 Box/Folder 7 : 7 China in Revolution: The First Phase, 1900-1913, edited and with an introduction by Mary Clabaugh Wright, Yale University Press, New Haven and London 1968 Box/Folder 7 : 8 The China Story, by Freda Utley, Henry Regnery Company, Chicago 1951 Box/Folder 7 : 9 The Correspondence of G. E. Morrison, 1895-1912, edited by Lo Hui-Min, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne 1986-1978 Box/Folder 7 : 10 The Correspondence of G. E. Morrison, Volume II, edited by Lo Hui-Min, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne 1978

Box/Folder 7 : 11 Darjeeling: Queen of the Himalayas, compiled by William G. Elloy, Daw Sen and Co. Private Ltd., Calcutta 1960 Box/Folder 7 : 12 Donald of China, by Earl Albert Selle, Invincible Press, Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide and New Zealand 1938-1948 Scope and Contents note Includes extensive reviews and related articles, 1938-1948.

Box/Folder 7 : 13 Ernest Hemingway and His World, by Anthony Burgess (photocopies of some parts), Charles Scribner's Sons, New York 1978 Box/Folder 8 : 1 The Exile, by Pearl S. Buck, Methuen and Co. Ltd., London (six editions) 1936-1956 Box/Folder 8 : 2 The Face of War, by Martha Gellhorn, Simon and Schuster, New York 1936-1959 Box/Folder 8 : 3 Fighting Angel: A Biography of the Author's Father, by Pearl S. Buck, The John Day Company, New York 1936 Box/Folder 8 : 4 The Flying Tigers: The Story of the American Volunteer Group, by Russell Whelan, The Viking Press, New York 1942 Scope and Contents note Includes The New York Times Book Review from November 1, 1942.

Box/Folder 8 : 5 Hill Resorts of India, issued on behalf of Department of Tourism, Government of India, New Delhi 1961 Box/Folder 8 : 6 Hong Kong Eclipse, by G. B. Endacott, edited with additional material by Alan Birch, Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York, Melbourne 1978 Box/Folder 8 : 7 The Hump: The Great Military Affair of World War II, by Bliss K. Thorne, J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York 1965 Box/Folder 8 : 8 I Flew For China, by Captain Royal Leonard (Chiang Kai-shek's personal pilot), Doubleday, Doran and Company, Inc., Garden City, New York 1943 Box/Folder 8 : 9 Important Documents Relating to China's Revolution (with English Translation)), Commercial Press Limited, Shanghai, China 1912 Box/Folder 8 : 10 The Islands: America's Imperial Adventure in the Philippines, by Emily Hahn, Coward, McCann and Geoghegan, New York 1981 Box/Folder 8 : 11 Kuling Estate: Directory and General Information for Visitors, issued under the direction of the Kuling Council 1925-1926 Box/Folder 8 : 12 Last Chance in China, by Freda Utley, Bobbs-Merrill Company, Indianapolis, New York 1947 Box/Folder 9 : 1 The Ledo Road: General Joseph W. Stilwell's Highway to China, by Leslie Anders, University of Oklahoma Press 1965 Box/Folder 9 : 2 Odyssey of a Liberal: Memoirs, by Freda Utley (excerpts), Washington National Press, Inc., Washington, D.C. 1970 Scope and Contents note Includes letter of J. Arthur Duff to General (Wedemeyer?), October 1983.

Box/Folder 9 : 3 "Rivershade": A Historical Sketch of Kiangyin Station, China, by Lacy L. Little circa 1928 Box/Folder 9 : 4 The Soong Sisters, by Emily Hahn, Doubleday, Doran and Co., Inc., New York 1941 Box/Folder 9 : 5 Suez to Singapore, Cecil Brown story, by Random House, Inc., published simultaneously in Canada by The Macmillan Company of Canada Limited 1942 Scope and Contents note Includes note about Cecil Brown in Random House, New York.

Box/Folder 9 : 6 The War of The Running Dogs: the Malayan Emergency: 1948-1960, by Noel Barber, Weybright and Talley, New York 1972

Books on World War II (excerpts) 1969-1980

Box/Folder 9 : 7 The War in the Far East 1941-1945: A Military History, by Basil Collier, William Morrow and Company, Inc., New York 1969

Box/Folder 9 : 8 Stilwell and the Amrican Experience in China, 1911-1945, by Barbara W. Tuchman, The Macmillan Company, New York 1970-1971 Box/Folder 9 : 9 The Chindit War: Stilwell, Wingate, and the Campaign in Burma: 1944, by Shelford Bidwell, with introduction by John Masters, Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., New York 1980 Box/Folder 9 : 10 Singapore: The Chain of Disaster: A Controversial Account of Britain's Humiliation in the Far East, by Major-General S. Woodburn Kirby, Macmillan Company, New York 1971

Clippings, mostly from The New York Times 1912-1985

Box/Folder 9 : 11 1912-1938, 1976 Box/Folder 9 : 12 1926-1927 Box/Folder 10 : 1 1926-1927 Box/Folder 10 : 2 1937 Box/Folder 10 : 3 1937-1939 Box/Folder 10 : 4 1937-1941 Box/Folder 10 : 1938 5-6 Box/Folder 10 : 7 1940 Box/Folder 10 : 8 1941 Box/Folder 10 : 9 1942, 1944 Box/Folder 11 : 1945 1-4 Box/Folder 11 : 5 1945, 1984 Box/Folder 11 : 6 1946 Box/Folder 11 : 7 1946, 1982 Box/Folder 11 : 8 1946, 1984 Box/Folder 11 : 9 1949 Box/Folder 11 : 10 1949-1951, 1960-1968, 1984 Box/Folder 11 : 11 1977-1983 Box/Folder 11 : 12 1978 Box/Folder 11 : 13 1981-1982 Box/Folder 11 : 14 1982-1983 Box/Folder 12 : 1 1983 Box/Folder 12 : 1983-1984 2-4 Box/Folder 12 : 5 1984-1985 Jeannie Woodbridge (Mrs. J. Arthur Duff) File 1921-1984 Scope and Contents note Includes documents of a personal nature, arranged chronologically.

Box/Folder 12 : 6 Notebook 1921 Box/Folder 12 : 7 Correspondence 1960-1984 Box/Folder 12 : 8 Driver's license 1939-1982 Passports Box/Folder 12 : 9 American 1918-1961 Box/Folder 12 : 9 British 1939 Box/Folder 12 : Memoirs undated 10-13 Scope and Contents note Includes original drafts and notes.

Box/Folder 12 : Photocopy of the book History of the American Field Service in France, 1914-1917, 14-15 printed by Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston and New York 1920 Woodbridge family documents Box/Folder 13 : 1 General 1917-1984 Box/Folder 13 : 2 Woodbridge Record, privately printed at New Haven, Connecticut 1883

Box/Folder 13 : 3 Memorial service, conducted in Palo Alto, California 1984 March 20 Photographs 1905-1977 Scope and Contents note Prints depicting scenes and people from China, Canada, Africa, and many places of the United States, arranged chronologically. Includes prints documenting Duff family members. Also includes negatives.

Box/Folder 13 : Kuling pictures undated 4-5 Box/Folder 13 : 6 Portrait undated Box/Folder 13 : 7 Views of China undated Box/Folder 13 : 8 Duff family photo 1905 Box/Folder 13 : Jeannie Duff collection of family photographs 1906-1934 9-11 Box/Folder 13 : 12 Kiukiang-Kuling area with comments 1920s Box/Folder 13 : 13 Kiukiang-Kuling area, photo album 1923-1939 Box/Folder 13 : Various photos with notes to accompany pictures of China, and Duff family in China 14-15 1926-1927 Box/Folder 13 : 15 Photographs of top Chinese Army generals 1926-1942 Box/Folder 13 : 16 Pictures of China with comments 1926-1943 Box/Folder 14 : 1 Album of pictures depicting African and Chinese everyday life 1932-1939 Box/Folder 14 : 2 Pictures of China with explanatory notes 1934-1938 Box/Folder 14 : 3 Family photos, China 1936-1937 Box/Folder 14 : 4 Cairo, Egypt 1942 Box/Folder 14 : 5 Chang-tin-chuk (Chief of the Kwantung Bureau and Commissioner of the Commission on Overseas Affairs) and J. Arthur Duff in South China 1943 Box/Folder 14 : 6 Lum-king-hwen (Lin) and Li-fuk-lum 1943 Box/Folder 14 : 7 Picture and map of China giving the location of Taipun Bias Bay north of Hong Kong 1944 Box/Folder 14 : 8 Picturesque photos of Duff family in Canada 1946-1977 Scope and Contents note Includes pictures with Bert Chen.

Box/Folder 14 : 9 J. Arthur Duff collection of photographs, photocopies of originals 1900-1951 Box/Folder 14 : Photograph folders with explanatory notes 10-11 Box/Folder 14 : 12 Negatives 1910-1943 and undated Oversize File 1943-1980 Scope and Contents note Framed images of personal documents, and a group picture, arranged chronologically.

Box 15 Certificate of identification issued to J. Arthur Duff, in Chinese, 1 framed image undated Box 15 Certificate of identification #261 issued to Tu-Fu-Yu (J. A. Duff), Special Representative of United States Relief, 1 framed image 1943 June 19 Scope and Contents note In Chinese with English translation. Includes picture of Yu-Hon-Mon, Commander of the Seventh War Zone.

Box 15 Indira Gandhi and J. Arthur Duff with a group of students, New Delhi, 1 framed image 1980 March 3 Scope and Contents note With inscription from Indira Gandhi.