Faculdade Maria Milza

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Faculdade Maria Milza FACULDADE MARIA MILZA BACHARELADO EM FARMÁCIA SILVANA CARLA VIEIRA DE ARAGÃO TRIAGEM FITOQUÍMICA E AVALIAÇÃO DA TOXICIDADE DO EXTRATO BRUTO DAS FOLHAS DE Iresine herbstii GOVERNADOR MANGABEIRA-BA 2017 SILVANA CARLA VIEIRA DE ARAGÃO TRIAGEM FITOQUÍMICA E AVALIAÇÃO DA TOXICIDADE DO EXTRATO BRUTO DAS FOLHAS DE Iresine herbstii Monografia apresentada ao Curso de Bacharelado em Farmácia da Faculdade Maria Milza, como requisito para aquisição do título de Bacharel em Farmácia. Orientadora: Profª. Larissa de Mattos Oliveira Coorientadora: Profª. MSc. Carine Raisa Barbosa de Andrade GOVERNADOR MANGABEIRA-BA 2017 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação Aragão, Silvana Carla Vieira de A659t Triagem fitoquímica e avaliação da toxicidade do extrato bruto das folhas de Iresine herbstii / Silvana Carla Vieira de Aragão. – Governador Mangabeira – Ba, 2017. 51 f. Orientadora: Profa. Larissa de Mattos Oliveira Coorientadora: Profa. Ma. Carine Raisa Barbosa de Andrade Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação em Farmácia) – Faculdade Maria Milza, 2017. 1. Plantas Medicinais. 2. Compostos Bioativos. 3. Iresine herbstii. I. Oliveira, Larissa de Mattos. II. Andrade, Carine Raisa Barbosa de. III. Título. CDD 633.88 AGRADECIMENTOS A Deus, por me proteger, me dar forças, me orientar nas horas mais difíceis, gratidão sempre! Aos meus pais, Antonio Aragão e Raimunda Aragão, por todo amor, compreensão e dedicação. Obrigada por ter me ensinado os valores e formação moral, por estarem sempre ao meu lado nos momentos que mais precisei. Amo vocês! A minha filha Fernanda, amor e razão da minha vida, por ela fui sempre forte e capaz de enfrentar qualquer dificuldade e obstáculo na vida. Te amo filha! Aos meus sobrinhos e afilhadas, Lanna e Luany, Diego, Pepeu e Neto, pelo carinho e muito amor recebido. Amo todos A meus irmãos, Selma, Simone e Junior, pelo carinho, amor e paciência. Amo muito vocês! Às minhas tias Valdelice e Olindina, por toda dedicação e amor recebido. Amo vocês! Aos meus cunhados em especial, Shirley e Pedrinho, pelo apoio e carinho sempre que precisei. Aos meus amigos de sempre, Cristiane, Sonia, Rita, Socorrinho e Gadinha, pela presença sempre amiga e amorosa. Obrigada amigas! As minhas amigas especiais da faculdade Alê, Francine e Géssika, pelo apoio e paciência nos momentos difíceis e de felicidades que passamos durante essa trajetória. As colegas Lucileide, Neto, Analy e Reny, pelos momentos de dedicação e incentivo. A tia Marlene, Rose, Sione e Karina, pelo carinho e acolhimento para realização deste trabalho. Obrigada por tudo! As minhas orientadoras, Raisa e Larissa, pela compreensão e confiança no desenvolvimento deste trabalho. Aos professores em especial Jota Jota e Mesquita, por todo conhecimento transmitido, Muito obrigado! “Há medicamentos para toda a espécie de doenças, mas, se esses medicamentos não forem dados por mãos bondosas, que desejam amar, não será curada a mais terrível das doenças: a doença de não se sentir amado.” Madre Teresa de Calcutá LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS (Fecl3) - Cloreto Férrico ANVISA - Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária CIPLAN - Comissão Interministerial de Planejamento e Coordenação CL50 - Concentração letal para 50% da população DNA – Ácido desoxirribonucleico EB - Extrato Bruto FAMAM - Faculdade Maria Milza HCL – Ácido clorídrico IV – Infravermelho MCA - Medicina Complementar e Alternativa MeOH – metanol MS - Ministério da Saúde NaOH - Hidróxido de sódio Nauplii - estágio larval do camarão OMS – Organização Mundial de Saúde PNAF- Política de Nacionalização de Assistência Farmacêutica PNPIC - Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares PPM - Pesquisas das Plantas Medicinais PPPM - Programa de Pesquisas de Plantas Medicinais SUS - Sistema Único de Saúde TAS -Toxicidade frente Artemia salina UFRB - Universidade Federal do recôncavo da Bahia LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1- Estrutura química da morfina e Ilustração botânica de Papaver somniferum ....................................................................................................................... 18 Figura 2: Estrutura química da Cafeína e Ilustração botânica de Coffea arabica 19 Figura 3: Iresine herbstii Hook (Amaranthaceae) .......................................... 20 Figura 4: Planta feminina procedente de Armênia (a), planta masculina procedente de Popayán (b); planta feminina procedente de Medellín (c); planta masculina procedente de Bogotá (d). .............................................................................. 21 Figura 5: Microcrustaceo Artemia Salina Leach.). ......................................... 26 Figura 6: Obtenção do extrato bruto metanólico das folhas de Iresine herbstii. (A) material seco pulverizado(B) extração por maceraçã (C) Extrato bruto metanólico ....................................................................................................................... 28 Figura 7: Testes com a Artemia salina leach e o extrato bruto de Iresine Herbstii ....................................................................................................................... 31 Figura 8: Identificação de taninos. (1) Reação com Cloreto Férrico (Fe) (A) reação positiva com mudança de coloração. (2) Extrato Bruto Iresine herbstii + Acetato de Chumbo. (B) Reação positiva mostrando a presença de precipitado. Em ambos os testes foram feitos os seus respectivos controles .......................................... 34 Figura 9: Identificação de flavonoides. (A) Resultado positivo para o teste com reagente Hidróxido de sódio (NaOH), mudança na coloração para amarelo alaranjado a parda. (B) Resultado negativo para o teste com o reagente de Shinoda no extrato bruto da Iresine herbstii (C) Extrato sem reagente ........................ 35 Figura 10: Reação negativa para Heterosídeos cardiotônicos (reagente Keede) no extrato bruto da Iresine herbstii (não houve mudança de coloração). ............ 35 Figura 11: O aparecimento da coloração azul seguida de verde indica reação positiva de (A) esteroides/triterpenóides com o reagente Libermann Buchard no extrato bruto de Iresine herbstii (B) Extrato bruto sem reagente - controle. ... 36 Figura 12: Identificação de alcaloides. A formação de precipitado castanho avermelhado (A) indica reação positiva no extrato bruto de Iresine herbstii com o reagente Dragendorff (B) Extrato sem reagente ............................................ 37 RESUMO O uso das plantas para fins medicinais tem despertado grande interesse de pesquisadores que buscam conhecer a composição química das plantas, uma vez que são utilizadas na medicina popular com finalidades terapêuticas, contribuindo ao longo dos anos na formulação de fármacos indispensáveis ao tratamento de algumas doenças. A utilização de plantas pela população deve ser analisada em relação à sua toxicidade, a exemplo do uso da Iresine herbstii, popularmente conhecida como “Coração Magoado”, que é uma espécie vegetal utilizada no tratamento de doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes, como cicatrizante, dentre outros. Apesar do seu potencial terapêutico, existem poucos estudos que assegurem o uso desta espécie. Diante disso, esse trabalho tem como objetivo determinar o perfil fitoquímico e avaliar a toxicidade do extrato bruto das folhas de Iresine herbstii frente a Artemia salina Leach. Para ser alcançado esse objetivo, foram delineados como objetivos específicos: identificar as principais classes de metabólitos secundários presentes no extrato bruto das folhas de Iresine herbstii por métodos colorimétricos e/ou precipitação e avaliar a toxidade do extrato frente ao microcrustáceo Artemia salina Leach. O extrato bruto foi obtido através da extração por maceração em metanol (MeOH). Na triagem fitoquímica, os metabólitos secundários foram identificados no extrato bruto metanólico das folhas de Iresine herbstii, através de reações colorimétricas e/ou formação de precipitados e índice de espuma, utilizando reagentes específicos para cada classe metabólica (flavonoides, taninos, saponinas, esteroides, alcaloides e heterosídeos cardiotônicos). Para o bioensaio de toxicidade, dez nauplii de Artemia foram colocados em contato com o extrato bruto em cinco concentrações diferentes (100, 250, 400, 800 e 1000 µg/ml) para determinar a concentração letal média (CL50). Os testes foram realizados em triplicatas. Com os resultados obtidos foram observados a presença de diferentes metabolitos secundários no extrato, sendo indicativo a presença de compostos fenólicos, flavonoides, taninos, esteroides/triterpenos e alcaloides e ausência de saponinas e glicosídios cardiotônicos. Essas variedades de metabolitos podem estar associadas ao uso desta espécie como medicinais, visto que estes metabolitos têm sido associados a uma grande variedade de atividades farmacológicas potenciais, possibilitando a descoberta de novos fármacos. Os resultados do ensaio de toxicidade mostraram CL50 = 562,40 µg/ml. Dessa forma, pode-se concluir que o extrato bruto de Iresine herbstii apresenta baixa toxicidade. No entanto, estudos tem correlacionado a toxicidade de extratos de plantas frente a Artemia salina a outras potencias atividades farmacológicas, tais como antimicrobiana, antiparasitária e antitumoral, sendo necessário que novos testes sejam feitos, já que existem poucos estudos com a espécie analisada. Palavras-chave: Plantas medicinais. Compostos bioativos. Iresine herbstii. Toxicidade. Artemia salina. ABSTRACT The use of plants for medicinal purposes has aroused great interest of researchers who seek to know a chemical composition of plants, once they are used
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