Readings of Environmental Radiation Monitoring of Public Water Areas (Preliminary Report)
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Flood Loss Model Model
GIROJ FloodGIROJ Loss Flood Loss Model Model General Insurance Rating Organization of Japan 2 Overview of Our Flood Loss Model GIROJ flood loss model includes three sub-models. Floods Modelling Estimate the loss using a flood simulation for calculating Riverine flooding*1 flooded areas and flood levels Less frequent (River Flood Engineering Model) and large- scale disasters Estimate the loss using a storm surge flood simulation for Storm surge*2 calculating flooded areas and flood levels (Storm Surge Flood Engineering Model) Estimate the loss using a statistical method for estimating the Ordinarily Other precipitation probability distribution of the number of affected buildings and occurring disasters related events loss ratio (Statistical Flood Model) *1 Floods that occur when water overflows a river bank or a river bank is breached. *2 Floods that occur when water overflows a bank or a bank is breached due to an approaching typhoon or large low-pressure system and a resulting rise in sea level in coastal region. 3 Overview of River Flood Engineering Model 1. Estimate Flooded Areas and Flood Levels Set rainfall data Flood simulation Calculate flooded areas and flood levels 2. Estimate Losses Calculate the loss ratio for each district per town Estimate losses 4 River Flood Engineering Model: Estimate targets Estimate targets are 109 Class A rivers. 【Hokkaido region】 Teshio River, Shokotsu River, Yubetsu River, Tokoro River, 【Hokuriku region】 Abashiri River, Rumoi River, Arakawa River, Agano River, Ishikari River, Shiribetsu River, Shinano -
FY2017 Results of the Radioactive Material Monitoring in the Water Environment
FY2017 Results of the Radioactive Material Monitoring in the Water Environment March 2019 Ministry of the Environment Contents Outline .......................................................................................................................................................... 5 1) Radioactive cesium ................................................................................................................... 6 (2) Radionuclides other than radioactive cesium .......................................................................... 6 Part 1: National Radioactive Material Monitoring Water Environments throughout Japan (FY2017) ....... 10 1 Objective and Details ........................................................................................................................... 10 1.1 Objective .................................................................................................................................. 10 1.2 Details ...................................................................................................................................... 10 (1) Monitoring locations ............................................................................................................... 10 1) Public water areas ................................................................................................................ 10 2) Groundwater ......................................................................................................................... 10 (2) Targets .................................................................................................................................... -
Temporal Trends for Dioxins-Related Agrochemicals in Sediments in a Large-Scale Rice-Producing Area, Niigata, Japan
LEVELS IN SOIL AND WATER TEMPORAL TRENDS FOR DIOXINS-RELATED AGROCHEMICALS IN SEDIMENTS IN A LARGE-SCALE RICE-PRODUCING AREA, NIIGATA, JAPAN Mizuki Sakai1, Muto Hiroaki2, Kajihara Hideo1, Takahashi Yukio2 1Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Niigata, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Niigata, Japan 2Faculty of Engineering, University of Niigata, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Niigata, Japan Introduction Japanese people have historically eaten rice as the main grain constituent in their diet. In Sea of Japan the past 50 years, a larger amount of agrochemicals have been applied to Japanese rice fields to increase rice production. Masunaga et al. reported that common Toyano Lagoon Agano Japanese agrochemicals such as River pentachlorophenol (PCP) and chloronitrophen (CNP) used in rice fields in the past contain Shinano Kameda basin dioxins as impurities 1. Since Niigata Plain is River the largest rice-producing area in Japan, the soil and/or sediment in the lower basin in 5km Niigata Plain could be highly polluted. In the previous study, we measured the age of a sediment core and the amount of dioxins (PCDD/DFs) in Toyano Lagoon and estimated the historical trend and the sources of dioxin2. Most of the sources of dioxin in Toyano Lagoon sediment were PCP and CNP. The aims of this work are to quantify the extent, clarify the historical trends of CNP and PCP pollution in the Toyano Lagoon sediment and consider the interrelation between them. Figure 1 Sampling Site. Arrows mean flow direction. Method and Materials Sediment Core A sediment core, which was a cylindrical sample with a diameter of 20cm and a length of 80cm, was obtained from the northern part of Toyano Lagoon. -
On the Banks of the Agano
chapter 1 On the Banks of the Agano On August 14, 1925, in the hamlet of Kosugi in Niigata prefecture, a child was born. Sakaue Toshié was born in her family home, a structure of wood, bamboo, and mud, on the edge of the hamlet abutting the levee of the Agano River. Her mother gave birth to her in the close, window- less room that the family used for sleeping. Her mother, whose name was Tsugino, endured the pains of childbirth lying on the floor on a cotton- backed mattress, over which were thrown several rough straw mats stuffed with ashes to catch the blood accompanying childbirth. A birth was a commonplace event in the life of the village, but it was also a dangerous one. Tsugino could expect no assistance from modern medicines. The dangers from infection and excessive bleeding were all too real. Two out of every ten babies died in childbirth or infancy. Ko- sugi had no doctor; its births were presided over by Mrs. Yamazaki, the midwife. In the event of a complication, the doctor must be sent for from So¯ mi, an hour and a half’s walk up the bank of the Agano. Mrs. Yamazaki was a young woman in her twenties, recently gradu- ated from midwifery school in the nearby town of Shibata. Her husband was the priest of the hamlet temple. Mrs. Yamazaki attended virtually every birth in Kosugi, and she was usually the only medical resource available. Unlike the old-fashioned “delivery women” (toriagebasan)— who offered only a few herbal remedies and a supporting hand while the birthing mother clutched at a rope hanging from the ceiling—Mrs. -
Damage Patterns of River Embankments Due to the 2011 Off
Soils and Foundations 2012;52(5):890–909 The Japanese Geotechnical Society Soils and Foundations www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/sandf Damage patterns of river embankments due to the 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake and a numerical modeling of the deformation of river embankments with a clayey subsoil layer F. Okaa,n, P. Tsaia, S. Kimotoa, R. Katob aDepartment of Civil & Earth Resources Engineering, Kyoto University, Japan bNikken Sekkei Civil Engineering Ltd., Osaka, Japan Received 3 February 2012; received in revised form 25 July 2012; accepted 1 September 2012 Available online 11 December 2012 Abstract Due to the 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake, which had a magnitude of 9.0, many soil-made infrastructures, such as river dikes, road embankments, railway foundations and coastal dikes, were damaged. The river dikes and their related structures were damaged at 2115 sites throughout the Tohoku and Kanto areas, including Iwate, Miyagi, Fukushima, Ibaraki and Saitama Prefectures, as well as the Tokyo Metropolitan District. In the first part of the present paper, the main patterns of the damaged river embankments are presented and reviewed based on the in situ research by the authors, MLIT (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) and JICE (Japan Institute of Construction Engineering). The main causes of the damage were (1) liquefaction of the foundation ground, (2) liquefaction of the soil in the river embankments due to the water-saturated region above the ground level, and (3) the long duration of the earthquake, the enormity of fault zone and the magnitude of the quake. -
Major Disaster Surveys
●Documents Major Disaster Surveys 1 Field survey and guidance based on the nature-oriented river works advisor system for emergency projects to deal with severe damage and disaster assistance projects (Niigata Prefecture, Wakayama Prefecture) From July 27 to 30, 2011, parts of Niigata and Fukushima Prefectures were struck by record breaking heavy rain exceeding the torrential rain which struck Niigata and Fukushima Prefectures in July 2004, causing damage along the Igarashi River, the Agano River and so on. We advised on forms of revetments and embedding according to the causes of the damage, and gave advice on the design of new channels and the treatment of revetments and watersidess taking account of environment, for the Igarashi River, Shiotani River, and Hane River. Because the Agano River includes a river cruising course, we gave guidance about revetments considering the scenery and the height of polders. Typhoon 12 brought record-breaking torrential rainfall exceeding a total of 1,800mm at places on the Kii Peninsula, causing damage on rivers including the Hidaka River, Ota River, and the Nachi River. For the Hidaka River, we gave advice on methods of improving the levees after confirming the flood control functions of the open levees. For the Ota River, we advised on excavation method which conserved the riparian forests growing continuously at the waterside of the low water channel. For the Nachi River, we advised on the setting of the channel profile foreseeing its future change which had been buried by this disaster and provided guidance on a method to consider the world treasure, the Nachi Taisha Shrine. -
A Synopsis of the Parasites from Cyprinid Fishes of the Genus Tribolodon in Japan (1908-2013)
生物圏科学 Biosphere Sci. 52：87－115 (2013) A synopsis of the parasites from cyprinid fishes of the genus Tribolodon in Japan (1908-2013) Kazuya Nagasawa and Hirotaka Katahira Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University Published by The Graduate School of Biosphere Science Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan December 2013 生物圏科学 Biosphere Sci. 52：87－115 (2013) REVIEW A synopsis of the parasites from cyprinid fishes of the genus Tribolodon in Japan (1908-2013) Kazuya Nagasawa1)* and Hirotaka Katahira1,2) 1) Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan 2) Present address: Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W5, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan Abstract Four species of the cyprinid genus Tribolodon occur in Japan: big-scaled redfin T. hakonensis, Sakhalin redfin T. sachalinensis, Pacific redfin T. brandtii, and long-jawed redfin T. nakamuraii. Of these species, T. hakonensis is widely distributed in Japan and is important in commercial and recreational fisheries. Two species, T. hakonensis and T. brandtii, exhibit anadromy. In this paper, information on the protistan and metazoan parasites of the four species of Tribolodon in Japan is compiled based on the literature published for 106 years between 1908 and 2013, and the parasites, including 44 named species and those not identified to species level, are listed by higher taxon as follows: Ciliophora (2 named species), Myxozoa (1), Trematoda (18), Monogenea (0), Cestoda (3), Nematoda (9), Acanthocephala (2), Hirudinida (1), Mollusca (1), Branchiura (0), Copepoda (6 ), and Isopoda (1). For each taxon of parasite, the following information is given: its currently recognized scientific name, previous identification used for the parasite occurring in or on Tribolodon spp.; habitat (freshwater, brackish, or marine); site(s) of infection within or on the host; known geographical distribution in Japan; and the published source of each locality record. -
Export of 134 Cs and 137 Cs in the Fukushima River Systems at Heavy Rains by Typhoon Roke in September 2011
Biogeosciences, 10, 6215–6223, 2013 Open Access www.biogeosciences.net/10/6215/2013/ doi:10.5194/bg-10-6215-2013 Biogeosciences © Author(s) 2013. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Export of 134 Cs and 137 Cs in the Fukushima river systems at heavy rains by Typhoon Roke in September 2011 S. Nagao1, M. Kanamori2, S. Ochiai1, S. Tomihara3, K. Fukushi4, and M. Yamamoto1 1Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1224, Japan 2Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan 3Aquamarine Fukushima, Obama, Iwaki, Fukushima 971-8101, Japan 4Division of Earth Dynamics, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan Correspondence to: S. Nagao ([email protected]) Received: 31 December 2012 – Published in Biogeosciences Discuss.: 15 February 2013 Revised: 19 July 2013 – Accepted: 27 July 2013 – Published: 2 October 2013 Abstract. At stations on the Natsui River and the Same River gen explosions (Japanese Government, 2011; Chino et al., in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, effects of a heavy rain event 2011). Surface deposition of 134Cs and 137Cs shows consid- on radiocesium export were studied after Typhoon Roke dur- erable external radioactivity in a zone extending northwest ing 21–22 September 2011, six months after the Fukushima from the NPP, about 20 km wide and 50–70 km long inside Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Radioactivity of the 80 km zone of the NPP (MEXT, 2011; Yoshida and Taka- 134Cs and 137Cs in river waters was 0.009–0.098 Bq L−1 in hashi, 2012). -
Flood Control in Small Urban Rivers: an Example of River Projects in Tokyo
Urban Water 215 Flood control in small urban rivers: an example of river projects in Tokyo K. Sato1, K. Masuhara1, S. Mochida1, T. Yamamoto2, H. Gotoh3 & M. Takezawa3 1Tokyo Metropolitan Government, Japan 2Chuo College of Technology, Japan 3Department of Civil Engineering, Nihon University, Japan Abstract The Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG) has conducted a variety of river projects to protect citizens and their property from damage due to flooding, storm surges, and landslides. Projects have also been undertaken to improve and create riversides that support nature, and to protect and restore the natural environment. The hardening of urban and inner city areas with high population densities and developed areas have relatively poor water retention and flood prevention properties. Consequently, these areas have sustained extensive water damage during times of heavy rainfall and flooding. Indeed, extensive flood damage was observed in downtown areas as recently as September 2005 and August 2008, demonstrating the need to implement additional flood mitigation measures to prevent flood damage in the metropolitan area. The number of rivers currently under the direct management of the TMG is 61 class A rivers and two class B rivers, which together measure 494.82 km. In addition, the city office of the TMG also controls 33 class A rivers and 13 class B rivers, which together equal 215.91 km. The main projects undertaken by the TMG is small river development, reinforce of lowland, improvement of the river environment for ecology, improvement of sediment disaster control facilities, development of software programs, river enlightenment activities and improved shoreline protection measures. In 2010, the total costs of river projects amounted to approximately JPY 65 billion. -
News from Iwate's Reconstruction
The news from Iwate as it moves toward reconstruction We are deeply grateful for the heartwarming encouragement and support received from both within and outside of Japan in the News from Iwate’s Reconstruction aftermath of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, which struck on March 11, 2011. The precious bonds created during this time will always be cherished. Ganbaro, Iwate! Volume 139 We will now bring you the news from Iwate’s reconstruction. Let’s stick together, Iwate! July 2018 Edition Iwate Prefecture's First Ferry Line Commences from Miyako Harbor MIYAKO June 22nd (Fri) - The long awaited “Kuromori Kagura Dance," a traditional The following morning, a welcoming maiden voyage of the Miyako – Muroran performance art of the Miyako area. ceremony awaited the ferry's first return Ferry line departed from Miyako Harbor. The Silver Queen's Captain Furukawa to port from Muroran City. In front of the The ferry line is the first to be also participated in this ceremonial ferry terminal, Miyako's Yamaguchi Taiko event, in which he placed an arm into group greeted the ferry alongside established within the prefecture, the mouth of a Shishigashira lion head around 800 townspeople to celebrate its operated by Kawasaki Kinkai Kisen (of mask to be "bitten" as a rite of spiritual official commission. Tokyo). "The Silver Queen" will travel strengthening, the purpose of which is This, along with the new Sanriku coastal from Miyako City to Muroran (in to wish for safe sailing. Afterwards, highway, is expected to attract more Hokkaido) in ten hours, offering one around 1,000 townspeople gathered to visitors to the area, while simultaneously round trip per day. -
CONSERVATION and RESTORATION of RIVER ENVIRONMENT Kazuo OKAYAMA1, Noboru MARUOKA2 1 INTRODUCTION Japan's Rivers Are One Of
CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION OF RIVER ENVIRONMENT Kazuo OKAYAMA1, Noboru MARUOKA2 1 INTRODUCTION Japan’s rivers are one of its most precious resources. They are the habitat for a wide variety of life and are a key element in the natural environments and cultures of each region of the country. The people’s close relationship and interaction with rivers and riverside environments is an integral part of the national culture. River areas are of inestimable value as spaces for rest and recreation. On the other hand, ongoing construction work such as straightening river channels and building concrete revetments is necessary to prevent flood damage and landslides. Unfortunately, these kinds of effective flood control measures often come at the expense of altering the natural environments of rivers and the surrounding Fig. 1 The River in Hokkaido is an example of a desirable river environment. landscape. The rise in the standard of living that has taken place in Japan in the past few decades has created new needs and new expectations of a higher quality of life and an opportunity to enjoy the benefits of pleasant environment. This has led to people taking a new look at problems related to environmental protection and building regional communities. As a result, new concepts are being advanced for creating diverse river environments and spaces along rivers to meet functional needs. It was against this background that Japan’s River Law was amended in 1997 to include the goal of Fig. 2 A Tokyo river encased in concrete protecting and improving river environments. Since then, energetic efforts have been made and public works projects are being carried out to meet this new goal. -
Mitigation of Flood Hazards in Japan
River Basin Management IV 271 Mitigation of flood hazards in Japan M. Takezawa1, H. Gotoh1 & Y. Takeuchi2 1Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan 2Japan Infrastructure Partners Abstract In recent years, there have been instances of unusually heavy rain in Japan, including rainfall in excess of 200 mm/day. The aim of flood-control planning in Japan since 1945 has been to confine river water to within riverbanks and to ensure that levees protect river basins from flooding. In many rivers, dams were constructed in upstream areas and long levees were built along the riverbanks. The main aim of flood-control planning is to prevent the flooding of river basins by the over-flow of river water across riverbanks; however, as rainfall prediction has recently become difficult because of the effects of global warming, the main emphasis of flood-control planning has shifted from prevention to providing areas of refuge. Flood hazards must be dealt with by ‘hard measures’ such as levees and reservoirs, and ‘soft measures’ such as the provision of hydrological information, regulation of land use, and evacuation advice. In 2001, the Japanese Government made it mandatory for all regional bodies to compile and distribute flood-hazard maps to inform inhabitants of the danger of flooding and the locations of sites of refuge for all inhabitants. It is difficult to provide residents with complete protection from flooding hazards. Many people in Japan live alongside rivers, and Japanese culture has long encompassed wet-rice cultivation. Communities have always lived under the threat of flooding, but the profitability of river water makes it preferable to live close to a river even if flooding occurs at times of heavy rain.