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Genios De La Ingeniería Eléctrica Genios de la Ingeniería Eléctrica COLECCIÓN GIGANTES Genios de la Ingeniería Eléctrica De la A a la Z Jesús Fraile Mora Fundación Iberdrola • 2006 • Patronato de la Fundación Iberdrola Presidente: D. Íñigo de Oriol Ybarra Vicepresidente: D. Javier Herrero Sorriqueta Patronos: D. Ricardo Álvarez Isasi D. José Ignacio Berroeta Echevarría D. José Orbegozo Arroyo D. Ignacio de Pinedo Cabezudo D. Antonio Sáenz de Miera D. Ignacio Sánchez Galán D. Víctor Urrutia Vallejo Secretario: D. Federico San Sebastián Flechoso Colección Gigantes Genios de la Ingeniería Eléctrica. De la A a la Z. © Jesús Fraile Mora © Fundación Iberdrola C/ Serrano, 26 - 1.ª 28001 Madrid Director de la Colección: José Luis de la Fuente O´Connor Editora: Marina Conde Morala ISBN: 84-609-9775-8 Depósito legal: M. 11.849-2006 Diseño, preimpresión e impresión: Gráficas Arias Montano, S. A. 28935 Móstoles (Madrid) Impreso en España - Printed in Spain Reservados todos los derechos. Está prohibido reproducir, registrar o transmitir esta publicación, íntegra o parcialmente, salvo para fines de crítica o comentario, por cualquier medio digital o analógico, sin permiso por escrito de los depositarios de los derechos. Los análisis, opiniones, conclusiones y recomendaciones que se puedan verter en esta publicación son del autor y no tienen por qué coincidir necesariamente con los de la Fundación Iberdrola. AGRADECIMIENTOS Quienquiera que se dedique a un trabajo de investigación histórica de la guisa de éste, se convierte en una pesadilla para los biblioteca- rios. Han sido muchos los años que me he dedicado a hurgar en los fondos antiguos de diversas bibliotecas, en busca de libros y revistas de todo tipo, por lo que he tenido tiempo de convivir con archi- veros y bibliotecarios que soportaron con paciencia y buen humor todas mis depredaciones. Es por ello que me veo en la obligación de manifestar mi más profundo agradecimiento a las directoras de las bibliotecas y resto de personal de las Escuelas Técnicas Superiores de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, de Telecomunicación y de Industriales, todos éstos, centros pertenecientes a la Universidad Po- litécnica de Madrid. Mi agradecimiento y reconocimiento a su gran profesionalidad se extiende a todo el personal de las bibliotecas del Centro de Información y Documentación Científica, CINDOC, y del Centro de Tecnologías Físicas Leonardo Torres Quevedo, perte- necientes al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, que me ofrecieron siempre el apoyo necesario, y que me ayudaron muchas veces en mis pesquisas, orientándome en la dirección más adecuada y facilitándome en muchos casos el acceso a los fondos de libros y revistas antiguas. En particular, tengo una gran deuda de Genios de la Ingeniería Eléctrica 7 AGRADECIMIENTOS gratitud con Dña. Concepción García Viñuela, D. Miguel Ángel Ro- dríguez Gómez y D. Tomás Pérez Pardo, de la biblioteca de la ETS de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, guías generosos en mis indagaciones. Mi agradecimiento también al personal de la biblioteca de la Ins- titución de Ingenieros Eléctricos de Londres (Institution of Electrical Engineers), donde la labor de búsqueda fue llevada a cabo por mi hijo Jesús Fraile Ardanuy, al cual doy las gracias desde aquí por el esfuerzo realizado, aprovechando su estancia en el University Colle- ge londinense, con una beca Erasmus, en el curso 1995-96. Mi reconocimiento al Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica de la ETS de Ingenieros Industriales de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, por facilitarme la consulta de las revistas técnicas exis- tentes en su biblioteca. En particular, doy las gracias al profesor D. Sergio Martínez por ayudarme a conseguir diversas fotografías de ingenieros que aparecían en la revista alemana Elektrotechnische Zeitschrift, ETZ, y al profesor D. Antonio Pastor, por facilitarme la fotografía de D. José Morillo y Farfán, situada en la galería de directores de la Escuela de Ingenieros Industriales de Madrid. Una deuda especial guardo con mi querido amigo y compañero José Román Wilhelmi Ayza, de la ETS de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, por la traducción de biografías escritas en alemán procedentes de las revistas Elektrotechnische Zeitschrift, Elektrotechnik und Maschinenbau, y Bulletin des Schweizerischen Elektrotechnischen Vereins. En este sentido, agradezco también a mi querido sobrino Alberto Ortega Fraile y a Claudia Loewenstein, de la Universidad de Karlsruhe, que descubrieran algunas biografías en revistas alema- nas que yo no encontraba en España, existentes en la biblioteca de esa Universidad, y realizaran las traducciones correspondientes. Quisiera expresar mi agradecimiento a la Fundación Iberdrola, y en particular a D. José Luis de la Fuente O´Connor, que fue la persona que me convenció y me dio ánimos para hacer de este libro 8 Genios de la Ingeniería Eléctrica AGRADECIMIENTOS una realidad, y que ha mantenido siempre el entusiasmo durante la realización de todo el proyecto, haciendo todo lo posible para que la obra tuviera una magnífica presentación. Una deuda de gratitud tengo con mis compañeros del Área de Ingeniería Eléctrica de la ETS de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, que soportaron con estoicismo mis ausencias y encierros en la biblioteca, y que me suelen facilitar artículos históricos, algunos de los cuales se han utilizado como referencia obligada en la prepa- ración de este trabajo de investigación. También han sido muchos los ánimos recibidos de muchos profesores españoles de Ingeniería Eléctrica para que escribiera esta obra. Mi agradecimiento a Dña. Cristina Gordillo y D. Tomás Pérez, de la ETS de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, porque en este último año han hecho un gran esfuerzo para escanear las fotos de los genios de la Ingeniería Eléctrica, a partir de los libros y revistas señalados en las referencias incorporadas en cada biografía. En algunos casos han hecho verdaderos milagros para conseguir una fotografía aceptable de un original deficiente. Cerrando ya el capítulo de agradecimientos, llego al recuerdo en- trañable de mi familia. Este libro ha supuesto más de veinte años de trabajo en los que se ha recopilado una gran cantidad de in- formación, restando muchas horas de convivencia con todos mis seres queridos. En el último año, se hizo un esfuerzo titánico para finalizar la obra, compromiso que me veía obligado a cumplir. Les pido perdón a mi esposa y a mis hijos por esta desatención, que a veces parece concomitante con mi trabajo académico. Espero que a mi esposa, hijos y nieta les haga ilusión este libro, que es el menos técnico de los que he escrito hasta ahora. Confío en que algún día, en la lejanía del tiempo, cuando se les ocurra releer esta obra, les agrade recordar con cariño a su padre o abuelo, y le juzguen con benevolencia; si es así, me daré por satisfecho. Genios de la Ingeniería Eléctrica 9 ÍNDICE Prólogo ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Biografías A ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 23 B ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 46 C ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 113 D ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 156 E ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 182 F ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 206 G ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 237 H ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 269 I ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 315 J ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 318 K ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 328 L ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 364 M ............................................................................................................................................................................................
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