DOCSLIB.ORG

Approaches to a Total (Or Grouped) VOC Guideline

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Approaches to a Total (Or Grouped) VOC Guideline AAPPPPRROOAACCHHEESS TTOO AA TTOOTTAALL ((OORR GGRROOUUPPEEDD)) VVOOCC GGUUIIDDEELLIINNEE FFIINNAALL RREEPPOORRTT Approaches to a Total (or Grouped) VOC Guideline Final Report Prepared by: Jamie T. Ayers #102 17315-69th Ave. Edmonton, AB T5T 3S6 for Air and Water Branch Science and Standards Division Alberta Environment 9820 – 106 Street Edmonton, Alberta T5K 2J6 April 2002 Pub. No: T/692 ISBN No. 0-7785-2500-7 (Printed Edition) ISBN No. 0-7785-2501-5 (On-line Edition) Web Site: www.gov.ab.ca/env/protenf/standards/ Any comments, questions, or suggestions regarding the content of this document may be directed to: Science and Standards Branch Alberta Environment 4th Floor, Oxbridge Place 9820 – 106th Street Edmonton, Alberta T5K 2J6 Fax: (780) 422-4192 Additional copies of this document may be obtained by contacting: Information Centre Alberta Environment Main Floor, Great West Life Building 9920 – 108th Street Edmonton, Alberta T5K 2M4 Phone: (780) 944-0313 Fax: (780) 427-4407 Email: [email protected] FOREWORD Alberta Environment maintains Ambient Air Quality Guidelines to support air quality management in Alberta. Alberta Environment currently has ambient guidelines for thirty-one substances and five related parameters. These guidelines are periodically updated and new guidelines are developed as required. Fact Sheets on Ambient Air Quality Guidelines were updated in September 1997 and February 2000. This document is prepared to support the development of a total (or grouped) volatile organic compound guideline. Long Fu, Ph.D. Project Manager Science and Standards Approaches to a Total (or Grouped) VOC Guideline i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many individuals have contributed toward the completion of this report in one form or another. For providing information, I thank Bob Myrick and Rob White of Alberta Environment; Barb Johnson of the West Central Airshed Society; Julie McLaughlin of the Wood Buffalo Environmental Association; and Kevin Warren of the Parkland Airshed Management Zone. I also thank members of the Air and Water Branch, Alberta Environment, for their constructive comments and useful discussion. I am particularly indebted to Long Fu of Alberta Environment for the many hours he spent working with me on this project, and the expertise he so willingly shared. Special thanks are due to Lynn Lockhart for her word processing skills in preparing and finalizing this report. Funding of this project from the Air Research Users Group, Alberta Environment, is gratefully acknowledged. Approaches to a Total (or Grouped) VOC Guideline ii TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD.................................................................................................................... i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................................................... ii LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................... v LIST OF FIGURES........................................................................................................ vii ABBREVIATIONS........................................................................................................ viii SUMMARY...................................................................................................................... x 1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1 2.0 VOC EMISSIONS IN ALBERTA .......................................................................... 2 2.1 Anthropogenic Emissions ........................................................................................2 2.2 Biogenic Emissions..................................................................................................5 3.0 AMBIENT VOC MONITORING IN ALBERTA...................................................... 8 3.1 Alberta Environment................................................................................................9 3.2 Wood Buffalo Environmental Association............................................................12 3.3 West Central Airshed Society................................................................................12 3.4 Parkland Airshed Management Zone.....................................................................16 4.0 INDOOR EXPOSURE TO VOC.......................................................................... 17 5.0 VOC ENDPOINTS AND THRESHOLDS ........................................................... 19 5.1 Health Effects of VOC...........................................................................................19 5.1.1 Carcinogenic Effects..................................................................................19 5.1.2 Non-Carcinogenic Effects..........................................................................24 5.1.3 Odour and Annoyance ...............................................................................25 5.2 Environmental Effects of VOC..............................................................................26 5.2.1 Ozone Formation Capacity........................................................................26 5.2.2 Particulate Matter......................................................................................29 6.0 APPROACHES TO VOC GUIDELINES............................................................. 32 6.1 Ambient Air Quality Guidelines............................................................................32 6.1.1 Alberta32 6.1.2 Other Jurisdictions in Canada...................................................................32 6.1.3 United States ..............................................................................................34 6.1.4 International ..............................................................................................35 6.2 Indoor Air Quality Guidelines ...............................................................................36 6.2.1 Health Canada...........................................................................................36 6.2.2 Commission of the European Communities...............................................36 6.2.3 Health Council of the Netherlands ............................................................37 Approaches to a Total (or Grouped) VOC Guideline iii 7.0 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................... 38 8.0 REFERENCES................................................................................................... 39 9.0 APPENDICES .................................................................................................... 43 Appendix 1: Anthropogenic VOC Emissions in Alberta...................................................44 Appendix 2: Biogenic VOC Emissions in Alberta ............................................................48 Appendix 3: Ambient VOC Monitoring in Alberta...........................................................50 Appendix 4: Sources of VOC in Indoor Environments.....................................................61 Appendix 5: Human Health Effects of VOC Exposure.....................................................63 Appendix 6: Photochemical Reactivity of VOC in the Atmosphere .................................84 Appendix 7: Summary of Ambient Air Quality Guidelines ..............................................87 Approaches to a Total (or Grouped) VOC Guideline iv LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1 Total anthropogenic and biogenic VOC emissions in Alberta and Canada in 1995 (Environment Canada 2001a and 2001b) .......................................................2 Table 2-2 Industrial sources of VOC in Alberta as reported to the National Pollutant Release Inventory in 1995 and 2000........................................................................3 Table 3-1 Annual concentrations of total hydrocarbons (THC) measured at Alberta Environment monitoring stations...........................................................................10 Table 3-2 Descriptions of hydrocarbon families used in the analysis of Alberta Environment VOC monitoring data.......................................................................11 Table 3-3 Mean annual VOC concentrations measured by AENV monitoring stations, grouped by hydrocarbon family.............................................................................13 Table 3-4 Annual concentrations of total hydrocarbons (THC) measured at Wood Buffalo Environmental Association monitoring stations.......................................16 Table 4-1 Comparison of benzene levels between Fort McMurray and Lethbridge..............18 Table 5-1 Summary of toxic VOC concentrations and lifetime cancer risk at Calgary Central, Edmonton Central and Edmonton East sampling stations for the period 1990-2000...................................................................................................21 Table 5-2 Total VOC thresholds in office buildings, as they apply to human health (adapted from Health Canada 1995a) ....................................................................25 Table 5-3 WHO ambient air guidelines for VOCs, based on sensory effects or annoyance reactions, using an averaging time of 30 minutes................................26 Table 5-4 VOCs which display the greatest maximum incremental reactivity......................27 Table 5-5 VOCs which display the greatest maximum ozone reactivity...............................28 Table 5-6 Average MIR and MOR values for VOCs at Alberta Environment
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Solutions to Exercises
    Solutions to Exercises Note: There may be more than one correct path to a correct answer. Chapter 1. Problem Solving 1. If your answer doesn’tagree with the published answer,possibilities include a) your answer may be incorrect, b) the published answer may be incorrect, c) both may be incorrect, d) both may be correct (i.e. there may be more than one correct answer), e) typographical error (answer out of place). 2. Terminology: chemistry is a noun (object), but could refer to an object of study or prac- tice, etc. As an object of study,chemistry could refer to what is expected to be known by a novice, all that is known, all that may be known, etc; as a practice, chemistry could refer to practical applications, theoretical principles, processes where substances change called chemical reactions, etc. The word reasonable might connote logic, understand- ing, ethical practice, demand, etc. One might logically conclude that the subject of chemistry should be understandable, or that the field of chemistry should be non-productive (if it is reasonable to assume that chemistry is harmful to the environment, say), etc. This example is not meant to be totally trivial. Communication involves common under- standing of terminology,construction (syntax) and meaning (semantics). Forexample, the word "add" may mean different things depending on the context; e.g. calculators (add twointegers), travelagents (add the mileage, add a flight, total the cost). Clear definitions and logical thinking are essential to science. 3. There seems to be an implicit assumption that Alice wants to go somewhere. If she doesn’tspecify anydestination, the Cat may give anarbitrary route.
    [Show full text]
  • Amount of Substance
    www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE © www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 28-July-2020 Chemsheets AS 1027 1 1 - FORMULAE If you are serious about doing A level Chemistry, you MUST be able to write a formula without a second thought. It is the single most essential skill for an A level chemist. You have to know and be able to use the information on this page – you should not be looking it up. There is no data sheet with ion charges at A level. If you can’t write a formula in an instant, DROP CHEMISTRY NOW and choose something else. Elements Monatomic Simple molecular Ionic Metallic Giant covalent helium hydrogen There are no ionic The formula is just the The formula is just the elements!! symbol, e.g. symbol neon nitrogen magnesium diamond argon oxygen iron graphite krypton fluorine sodium silicon xenon chlorine nickel radon bromine iodine phosphorus sulfur Compounds Monatomic Simple molecular Ionic Metallic Giant covalent There are no monatomic Some common These have to be There are no metallic silicon dioxide compounds!! molecular compounds: worked out using ion compounds!! charges – you have to carbon dioxide know these at AS/A carbon monoxide level! nitrogen monoxide LEARN them ASAP. nitrogen dioxide sulfur dioxide Note these acids: sulfur trioxide hydrochloric acid ammonia sulfuric acid methane nitric acid hydrogen sulfide phosphoric acid Positive ions Negative ions Group 1 ions: Group 3 ions: Group 7 ions: Other common ions lithium aluminium fluoride nitrate sodium chloride sulfate Other common ions potassium bromide carbonate silver iodide hydrogencarbonate Group 2 ions: zinc hydroxide magnesium Group 6 ions: ammonium hydride calcium oxide hydrogen phosphate barium sulfide © www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 28-July-2020 Chemsheets AS 1027 2 TASK 1 – WRITING FORMULAS OF IONIC COMPOUNDS 1) silver bromide ………………………….
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 2, Section
    Naming Simple Compounds Ionic Compounds Ionic compounds • consist of positive and negative ions. • have attractions called ionic bonds between positively and negatively charged ions. • have high melting and boiling points. • are solid at room temperature. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–2 Salt is An Ionic Compound Sodium chloride or “table salt” is an example of an ionic compound. Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–3 Naming Ionic Compounds with Two Elements To name a compound that contains two elements, • identify the cation and anion. • name the cation first followed by the name of the anion. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–4 Binary Ionic Compounds Type (I) An ionic formula • consists of positively and negatively charged ions. • is neutral. • has charge balance. total positive charge = total negative charge The symbol of the metal is written first followed by the symbol of the nonmetal. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–5 Charge Balance In MgCl2 In MgCl2, • a Mg atom loses two valence electrons. • two Cl atoms each gain one electron. • subscripts indicate the number of ions needed to give charge balance. Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–6 Charge Balance in Na2S In Na2S. • two Na atoms lose one valence electron each. • one S atom gains two electrons. • subscripts show the number of ions needed to give Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. charge balance. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company.
    [Show full text]
  • S1303, Sodium Hydroxide, Pellets, FCC
    Scientific Documentation S1303, Sodium Hydroxide, Pellets, FCC Not appropriate for regulatory submission. Please visit www.spectrumchemical.com or contact Tech Services for the most up‐to‐date information contained in this information package. Spectrum Chemical Mfg Corp 769 Jersey Avenue New Brunswick, NJ 08901 Phone 732.214.1300 Ver4.06 29.September.2021 S1303, Sodium Hydroxide, Pellets, FCC Table of Contents Product Specification Certificate of Analysis Sample(s) Safety Data Sheet (SDS) Certification of Current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) Manufacturing Process Flowchart Source Statement BSE/TSE Statement Allergen Statement GMO Statement Melamine Statement Nitrosamine Statement Animal Testing Statement Organic Compliance Statement Shelf Life Statement Other Chemicals Statement General Label Information – Sample Label General Lot Numbering System Guidance Kosher Certificate Halal Certificate Specification for Sodium Hydroxide, Pellets, FCC (S1303) Item Number S1303 Item Sodium Hydroxide, Pellets, FCC CAS Number 1310-73-2 Molecular Formula NaOH Molecular Weight 40.00 MDL Number Synonyms Caustic Soda ; Soda Lye Test Specification Min Max ASSAY (TOTAL ALKALI as NaOH) 95.0 100.5 % ARSENIC (As) 3 mg/kg CARBONATE (as Na2CO3) 3.0 % INSOLUBLE SUBSTANCES & ORGANIC MATTER TO PASS TEST LEAD (Pb) 2 mg/kg MERCURY 0.1 mg/kg IDENTIFICATION TO PASS TEST CERTIFIED KOSHER CERTIFIED HALAL APPEARANCE EXPIRATION DATE DATE OF MANUFACTURE MONOGRAPH EDITION Certificate Of Analysis Item Number S1303 Lot Number 1JG0041 Item Sodium Hydroxide,
    [Show full text]
  • The Energy Landscape Concept and Its Implications for Synthesis Planning
    Pure Appl. Chem. 2014; 86(6): 883–898 Conference paper Martin Jansen* The energy landscape concept and its implications for synthesis planning Abstract: Synthesis of novel solids, in a chemical sense, is one of the spearheads of innovation in materials research. However, such an undertaking is substantially impaired by lack of control and predictability. We present a concept that points the way towards rational planning of syntheses in solid state and materials chemistry. The foundation of our approach is the representation of the whole material world, i.e., the known and not-yet-known chemical compounds, on an energy landscape, which implies information about the free energies of these configurations. From this it follows at once that all chemical compounds capable of existence (both thermodynamically stable and metastable ones) are already present in virtuo in this landscape. For the first step of synthesis planning, i.e., the identification of candidates that are capable of existence, we computa- tionally search the respective potential energy landscapes for (meta)stable structure candidates. Recently we have extended our techniques to finite temperatures and pressures and calculated phase diagrams, including metastable manifestations of matter, without resorting to any experimental pre-information. The conception developed is physically consistent, and its feasibility has been proven. Applying appropriate experimental tools has enabled us to realize, e.g., elusive Na3N, including almost all of its predicted polymorphs, many years after the predictions were published. Keywords: calculation of phase diagrams; global searches; inorganic materials synthesis; IUPAC Congress-44; local ergodicity; solid state chemistry; structure prediction; synthesis from atoms. DOI 10.1515/pac-2014-0212 Introduction The lines of action called “analysis” and “synthesis” continue to constitute the foundation of chemistry, providing it with genuine and distinct characteristics in a time of increasing overlap among the various dis- ciplines of natural sciences.
    [Show full text]
  • Operation Permit Application
    Un; iy^\ tea 0 9 o Operation Permit Application Located at: 2002 North Orient Road Tampa, Florida 33619 (813) 623-5302 o Training Program TRAINING PROGRAM for Universal Waste & Transit Orient Road Tampa, Florida m ^^^^ HAZARDOUS WAb 1 P.ER^AlTTlNG TRAINING PROGRAM MASTER INDEX CHAPTER 1: Introduction Tab A CHAPTER 2: General Safety Manual Tab B CHAPTER 3: Protective Clothing Guide Tab C CHAPTER 4: Respiratory Training Program Tab D APPENDIX 1: Respiratory Training Program II Tab E CHAPTER 5: Basic Emergency Training Guide Tab F CHAPTER 6: Facility Operations Manual Tab G CHAPTER 7: Land Ban Certificates Tab H CHAPTER 8: Employee Certification Statement Tab. I CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION prepared by Universal Waste & Transit Orient Road Tampa Florida Introducti on STORAGE/TREATMENT PERSONNEL TRAINING PROGRAM All personnel involved in any handling, transportation, storage or treatment of hazardous wastes are required to start the enclosed training program within one-week after the initiation of employment at Universal Waste & Transit. This training program includes the following: Safety Equipment Personnel Protective Equipment First Aid & CPR Waste Handling Procedures Release Prevention & Response Decontamination Procedures Facility Operations Facility Maintenance Transportation Requirements Recordkeeping We highly recommend that all personnel involved in the handling, transportation, storage or treatment of hazardous wastes actively pursue additional technical courses at either the University of South Florida, or Tampa Junior College. Recommended courses would include general chemistry; analytical chemistry; environmental chemistry; toxicology; and additional safety and health related topics. Universal Waste & Transit will pay all registration, tuition and book fees for any courses which are job related. The only requirement is the successful completion of that course.
    [Show full text]
  • Material Safety Data Sheet
    MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET INDY PURPINATOR Heavy Duty All Purpose Cleaner and Degreaser 1. PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION Product Name INDY Purpinator Description Heavy Duty All Purpose Cleaner and Degreaser Validation Date November 2015 Manufacturer GUD Holdings (Pty) Ltd via Indy Oil SA 3 The Avenue East Isipingo KwaZulu-Natal South Africa 4110 Emergency Contact Number + 27 31 910 3111 + 27 60 572 8088 2. COMPOSITION Component EINECS CAS registry % content Classification Number number Sodium 215-185-5 1310-73-2 0.5 – 2.0 Xi, R36/38 hydroxide 3. HAZARDS INDENTIFICATION Human Health Hazards Causes eye cause irritation characterized by a burning sensation. Inhalation of vapour or mist may cause respiratory tract irritation and central nervous system effects (headaches, dizziness). The product is harmful if swallowed. Aspiration of the material into the lungs may cause chemical pneumonitis. Ingestion may lead to stomach distress, nausea and vomiting. Repeated DURBAN HEAD OFFICE Pietermaritzburg Tel: +27 31 910 3111 Tel: + 27 33 392 9300 Fax: +27 31 902 4889 Fax: +27 33 390 1844 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET – PAGE 2 contact or exposure to the skin may lead to cracking / drying due to the defatting action of the material. Skin discolouration may occur as a result of prolonged exposure. Safety Hazards The product is not classified as flammable but is highly reactive with certain substances. Care should be exercised upon storage and handling. Avoid contact with high temperatures and ignition sources. Environmental Hazards The product may lead to environmental contamination. 4. FIRST AID MEASURES General Information If the product splashes into the eye it may cause irritation and conjunctivitis.
    [Show full text]
  • Solid State Metathesis Preparations of Hard Refractory Ceramics
    S o u p S t a t e M e t a t h e s is P reparations OF H a r d R e f r a c t o r y C e r a m i c s A thesis presented by: Artur Marek Nartowski BSc in partial fulfilment for the award of Ph. D. U n iv e r s it y C o l l e g e Lo n d o n D e p t , o f C h e m is t r y ProQuest Number: 10014877 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10014877 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Acknowledgements This work was supported by EPSRC and was completed under very helpfiil and encouraging supervision of Dr. I. P. Parkin. Grateful acknowledgement is due to members of staff, especially Dr. C. Carmalt, Prof. A. J. Craven, Dr. M. MacKenzie and the departmental microanalyst. I am also indebted to my fellow students, in particular, L.
    [Show full text]
  • SDS Contains All of the Information Required by the HPR
    SAFETY DATA SHEET Preparation Date: 3/19/2014 Revision date 11/18/2019 Revision Number: G6 1. IDENTIFICATION Product identifier Product code: S1301 Product Name: SODIUM HYDROXIDE, PELLETS, BIOTECHGRADE Other means of identification Synonyms: Caustic Soda Soda Lye Hydroxyde de sodium (French) Hidróxido de sodio (Spanish) CAS #: 1310-73-2 RTECS # WB4900000 CI#: Not available Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use Recommended use: No information available. Uses advised against No information available Supplier: Spectrum Chemical Mfg. Corp 14422 South San Pedro St. Gardena, CA 90248 (310) 516-8000 Order Online At: https://www.spectrumchemical.com Emergency telephone number Chemtrec 1-800-424-9300 Contact Person: Tom Tyner (USA - West Coast) Contact Person: Ibad Tirmiz (USA - East Coast) 2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION Classification This chemical is considered hazardous by the 2012 OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200) Considered a dangerous substance or mixture according to the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) Acute toxicity - Dermal Category 4 Skin corrosion/irritation Category 1 Sub-category A Serious eye damage/eye irritation Category 1 Corrosive to metals Category 1 Label elements Danger Hazard statements Causes severe skin burns and eye damage Product code: S1301 Product name: SODIUM Page 1 / 13 HYDROXIDE, PELLETS, BIOTECHGRADE Harmful in contact with skin May be corrosive to metals Hazards not otherwise classified (HNOC) Not Applicable Other hazards Not available Precautionary Statements - Prevention Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray Wash face, hands and any exposed skin thoroughly after handling Keep only in original container Precautionary Statements - Response Immediately call a POISON CENTER or physician Absorb spillage to prevent material damage IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 3: Ions, Ionic Compounds, and Nomenclature
    37 Chapter 3: Ions, Ionic Compounds, and Nomenclature. An ion is a small particle having an electrical charge. Ions are either single, charged atoms (simple ions), or small charged “molecules” (polyatomic ions). Examples of simple ions are Na+, Ca+2, Cl-, and S-2. Examples of polyatomic ions are + !2 ! NH4 , CO3 , and OH . Positively charged ions are called cations (pronounced cat- eye-ons) while negatively charged ions are called anions (pronounced an-eye-ons). In many cases, the elements position on the periodic table will help you determine the Kind of ion formed (anion or cation) and the size of the ionic charge. Look at the periodic table (PeriodicTable.pdf or the equivalent). Starting with boron (atomic number 5) and continuing downwards and to the right to astatine (atomic number 85), there is a bold “staircase” shaped red line. Elements to the left of this line are metals, and commonly form cations. Elements to the right of this line are non-metals, and commonly form anions. Some of the elements adjacent to the line are called “metalloids”, but this distinction doesn’t help us, so don’t concern yourself with it. Starting on the left of the periodic table, we see groups labeled “I A”, “II A”, III B”, and so on. On some newer versions of the periodic table, the groups are numbered 1 - 18. I will use the older version, and show the new group numbers in parenthesis. The elements in any particular group tend to form ions with characteristic charges. Please note, some elements are capable of having a range of electrical charges, and therefore form different ions.
    [Show full text]
  • Binary Ionic Compounds Name: ______Per: ______
    Binary Ionic Compounds Name: ___________________ Per: ______ Directions: First quickly scan the worksheet and circle any metals (as a symbol or as a name) that is a transition metal. Then either give the same or chemical formula as necessary for each problem below. Remember that transition metals can have multiple oxidation states, so you are required to indicate the appropriate oxidation state in parenthesis when naming them. You must use the subscript and oxidation state of the anion to help determine the oxidation state of the transition metal. 1. LiF _____________________ 2. lithium chloride ____________ 3. Li2O _____________________ 4. lithium nitride ____________ 5. Li3P _____________________ 6. beryllium fluoride ____________ 7. BeO _____________________ 8. beryllium sulfide ____________ 9. BF3 _____________________ 10. boron chloride ____________ 11. BBr3 _____________________ 12. boron oxide ____________ 13. BN _____________________ 14. sodium fluoride ____________ 15. CuF _____________________ 16. copper (II) chloride ____________ 17. Cu2O _____________________ 18. copper (II) oxide ____________ 19. Cu3N _____________________ 20. copper (II) nitride ____________ 21. Na2O _____________________ 22. sodium nitride ____________ 23. PbF2 _____________________ 24. lead (IV) fluoride ____________ 25. PbS _____________________ 26. lead (IV) sulfide ____________ 27. Pb3N4 _____________________ 28. lead (IV) oxide ____________ 29. FeF3 _____________________ 30. iron (II) bromide ____________ 31. Fe2O3 _____________________ 32. chromium (VI) phosphide ____________ 33. FeP _____________________ 34. aluminum fluoride ____________ 35. AlI3 _____________________ 36. aluminum oxide ____________ 37. Mn2O7 _____________________ 38. manganese (IV) bromide ____________ 39. SnSe _____________________ 40. tin (IV) oxide ____________ Jasmann 08 Binary Ionic Compounds ANSWER KEY Directions: First quickly scan the worksheet and circle any metals (as a symbol or as a name) that is a transition metal.
    [Show full text]
  • Recycling of Neodymium and Dysprosium from Permanent Magnets
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Senior Design Reports (CBE) Engineering 4-2016 Recycling of Neodymium and Dysprosium from Permanent Magnets Alan X. Dai University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Connor A. Lippincott University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Michael E. Nissan University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Richard Shim University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/cbe_sdr Part of the Biochemical and Biomolecular Engineering Commons Dai, Alan X.; Lippincott, Connor A.; Nissan, Michael E.; and Shim, Richard, "Recycling of Neodymium and Dysprosium from Permanent Magnets" (2016). Senior Design Reports (CBE). 81. https://repository.upenn.edu/cbe_sdr/81 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/cbe_sdr/81 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recycling of Neodymium and Dysprosium from Permanent Magnets Abstract This project seeks to recycle neodymium and dysprosium from used neodymium-iron-boron, NdFeB, permanent magnets. Our alternative recycling strategy is based on a method developed by Dr. Eric Schelter of the University of Pennsylvania Department of Chemistry and his research group. This process involves the use of a novel tripodal nitroxide ligand, H3TriNOX. The proposed process design converts used NdFeB magnets to neodymium and dysprosium. The goal production of neodymium oxide is 126,000 kg/year and of dysprosium oxide is 14,000 kg/year, which would cost $12,500,000 with the current price rate of neodymium and dysprosium. Based on the results of the economic analysis, this project would be unprofitable in the near future. Disciplines Biochemical and Biomolecular Engineering | Chemical Engineering | Engineering This working paper is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/cbe_sdr/81 Professor Leonard Fabiano Dr.
    [Show full text]