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GERMAN NAVY Records, 1854-1944 Reels M291-336A

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GERMAN NAVY Records, 1854-1944 Reels M291-336A AUSTRALIAN JOINT COPYING PROJECT GERMAN NAVY Records, 1854-1944 Reels M291-336A Historical Section The Admiralty Whitehall, London SW1 National Library of Australia State Library of New South Wales Filmed: 1959 CONTENTS Page 3 Historical note 5 Records of the Reichsmarine Amt, 1854-1913 9 Records of the Admiralstab der Marine, Abteilung B, 1880-1917 15 Records of the Oberkommando der Marine, Seekriegsleitung, 1939-44 16 Charts produced by the Reichsmarine, 1940-41 2 HISTORICAL NOTE The Imperial German Navy (Kaiserliche Marine) was created in 1871, succeeding the small navies of the Kingdom of Prussia and the North German Federation (1867-70). Its existence was recognised in the new constitution, but until 1888 it was commanded by generals and its role was mainly limited to coastal defence. In contrast to Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, Emperor Wilhelm II aspired to create a great German maritime empire. He became Grand Admiral of the German Navy and in 1889 made major changes to the organisation of the Admiralty. It was split into the Navy Cabinet, (Marine-Kabinett) responsible for appointments, promotions and issuing orders to naval forces, the Imperial High Command (Kaiserliche Oberkommando der Marine), responsible for ship deployments and strategy, and the Navy Office (Reichsmarine Amt ) responsible for the construction and maintenance of ships and obtaining supplies. The Navy Office was headed by a State Secretary, who was responsible to the Chancellor and who advised the Reichstag on naval matters. In 1899 the Imperial High Command was replaced by the Imperial Admiralty Staff (Admiralstab). Headed by Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz, the Navy Office, which was located in the Leipzigerplatz in Berlin, was the more influential body. It was located in the Leipzigerplatz in Berlin and in 1906 employed 60 senior naval officers and 57 senior civil servants. At that time, the Imperial Admiralty Staff employed 36 naval officers, many of them junior, and no senior civil servants. Tirpitz remained State Secretary until 1916. The German Navy in the 1870s and 1880s was quite small, but in the 1890s the Government took measures to expand it in order to defend its colonies and challenge the hegemony of the British Navy. The Navy Bill of 1898 authorised the maintenance of a fleet of 19 battleships, 8 armoured cruisers, 12 large cruisers and 30 light cruisers. The 1900 Navy Bill doubled the number of ships. In the following years, expenditure on the Navy increased rapidly and the naval arms race with Britain was a major cause of the international tensions that preceded World War I. From the 1880s onwards Germany had a small cruiser squadron operating in the Pacific, divided between an Australian Station and an East Asia Station. In 1897 it acquired territory at Kiautschou Bay in northern China where it established a naval base. The lease was cancelled in 1914. The following admirals held the office of State Secretary of the Navy Office: Karl Heusner (1889-90) Friedrich von Hollmann (1890-97) Alfred von Tirpitz (1897-1916) Eduard von Capelle (1916-18) Paul Behncke (Sept.-Oct. 1918) Following Germany’s defeat in World War I, most of the Navy’s modern ships were scuttled at Scapa Flow in June 1919. The Reichsmarine replaced the Kaiserliche Marine. Under the Treaty of Versailles, it was only allowed six battleships, six cruisers and twelve destroyers. In 1935 it was superseded by the Kriegsmarine, a branch of the Wehrmacht. The Oberkommando der Marine, headed in 1935-43 by Admiral Erich Raeder, was the highest command and administrative authority 3 of the Kriegsmarine. Raeder was also the commander of the Seekriegsleitung (Maritime Warfare Command). The Kriegsmarine was involved in World War II from its outset. In 1939-41 several German auxiliary cruisers were active in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, destroying merchant vessels and laying mines. Between August and December 1940 the Orion and the Komet operated in the Pacific Ocean, raiding Nauru and approaching the Australian and New Zealand coasts on several occasions. The Atlantis and the Pinguin operated in the Indian Ocean, until the Pinguin was sunk by HMS Cornwall in May 1941. The best-known of the German raiders was the Kormoran, which engaged with the Australian cruiser HMAS Sydney off the coast of Western Australia in November 1941. In the fighting the Kormoran was sunk, but the majority of the crew were rescued. The badly-damaged Sydney sailed southwards and disappeared; none of its crew survived. (Both ships were located on the seabed in 2008.) At the end of World War II, Allied forces seized large quantities of records of the German Navy and shipped them to Britain. They were held in the Historical Section of the Admiralty. Many of the records were microfilmed by the German War Documents Project. In addition, the Universities of Cambridge, Hawaii and Michigan and the Australian Joint Copying Project arranged for selected files to be filmed. In 1959 the records were returned to the Federal Republic of Germany, where they became the responsibility of the Bundes Verteidigungs Ministerium in Bonn. 4 GERMAN NAVY 1. Records of Reichs-Marine-Amt, 1854-1913 Reel M291 XII.2.4.7 Die mit Japan anzuknüpfenden Handels-verbindungen respektive eine dorthin und nach Canton zu sendende Expedition, vol. 1, Sept. 1854-March 1859 XII.2.4.7 Die Expedition nach den chinesischen Gewaessern, vol. 2, July-Dec. 1859 Xii.2.4.7 Die Expedition nach den chinesischen Gewaessern, vol. 3, Jan.-Dec. 1860 Reel M292 XII.2.4.7 Die Expedition nach den chinesischen Gewaessern, vol. 4, Jan.-July 1861 XII.2.4.7 Die Expedition nach den chinesischen Gewaessern, vol. 5, Aug. 1861-July 1862 XII.2.4.7 Die Expedition nach den chinesischen Gewaessern, vol. 6, Aug. 1862-June 1865 Reel M293 XII.2.4.7 Die Expedition nach Japan, vol. 1, Jan.-Dec. 1859 XII.2.4.7 Die Expedition nach Japan, vol. 2, Jan.-Feb. 1860 Reel M294 XII.2.4.7 Die Expedition nach Japan, vol. 3, March-Dec. 1860 XII.2.4.7 Die Expedition nach Japan, vol. 4, Jan.-Nov. 1861 XII.2.4.7 Die Expedition nach Japan, vol. 5, Nov. 1861-July 1862 Reel M295 XII.2.4.7 Die Expedition nach Japan, vol.5, Nov. 1861-July 1862 (cont.) 5 XII.2.4.7 Die Expedition nach Japan, vol. 6, Aug. 1862-March 1863 XII.2.4.7 Die Expedition nach Japan, vol. 7, April 1863-Dec. 1865 XII.2.4.A7 Die ostasiatische Expedition, vol. 1, April 1860-July 1862 XII.2.4.10 Die Veroefflentlichung der Ergebnisse der ostasiatischen Expedition, vol. 1, May 1863-Dec. 1865 XII.2.4.11 Die Expedition nach Japan, vol. 1, April 1863-May 1865 Reel M296 XII.2.4.11 Die Expedition nach Japan, vol. 1, April 1863-May 1865 (cont.) XII.2.4.11 Die Expedition nach Japan, vol. 2, June 1865-March 1868 XII.2.4.12 Die Expedition S.M.S. Korv. Gazelle nach den ostasiatischen Gewässern, vol. 1, July 1862-March 1864 XII.2.4.12 Die Expedition S.M.S. Korv. Gazelle nach den ostasiatischen Gewässern, vol. 2, April 1864-March 1867 Reel M297 XII.2.4.12 Die Expedition S.M.S. Korv. Gazelle nach den ostasiatischen Gewässern, vol. 2, April 1864-March 1867 (cont.) XII.2.4.A7 Die von den Attaches der ostasiatischen Gesandtschaft geführten Tagebüecher, vol. 1, Sept. 1860-Feb. 1862 Reel M298 XII.2.4.19 Entsendung von Kriegsfahrzeugen nach den ostasiatischen Gewässern, vol. 1, May 1867-Sept. 1869 XII.2.4.19 Entsendung von Kriegsfahrzeugen nach den ostasiatischen Gewässern, vol. 2, Oct. 1869-Feb. 1871 XII.2.4.19 Entsendung von Kriegsfahrzeugen nach den ostasiatischen Gewässern, vol. 3, March 1871-Oct. 1874 Reel M299 6 XII.4.19 Entsendung von Kriegsfahrzeugen nach den ostasiatischen Gewässern, vol. 4, Nov. 1874-Dec. 1876 XII.4.19 Entsendung von Kriegsfahrzeugen nach den ostasiatischen Gewässern, vol. 5, Jan. 1877-July 1880 XII.4.19 Entsendung von Kriegsschiffen nach den asiatischen Gewässern, vol. 6, Aug. 1880- Dec. 1883 XII.4.19 Entsendung von Kriegsschiffen nach den asiatischen Gewässern, vol. 7, Feb. 1884- July 1886 Reel M300 XII.2.4.19 Entsendung von Kriegsschiffen nach den asiatischen Gewässern, vol. 8, Aug. 1886- Jan. 1889 XII.2.4.19 Entsendung S.M. Schiffe nach den ostasiatischen Gewässern, vol. 1, Aug. 1889-Dec. 1894 XII.2.4.19 Entsendung S.M. Schiffe nach den ostasiatischen Gewässern, vol. 2, Jan. 1895-Aug. 1912 XII.2.4.19 Entsendung S.M. Schiffe nach den ostasiatischen Gewässern, vol. 1, Oct. 1891-Nov. 1902 XII.2.4.19 Entsendung von Kriegsschiffen nach ostasiatischen Gewässern, vol. 1, Oct. 1877-Oct. 1884 XII.2.4.38 Die Entsendung von Krieggschiffen nach Australien und den Südsee-Inseln, vol. 1, March 1875-Dec. 1876 XII.2.4.38 Die Entsendung von Krieggschiffen nach Australien resp. den Südsee-Inseln, vol. 2, Jan. 1879-Dec. 1880 Reel M301 XII.2.4.38 Entsendung von Kriegsschiffen nach Australien resp. den Südsee Inseln, vol. 3, April 1881-April 1884 XII.2.4.38 Entsendung von Kriegsschiffen nach Australien resp. den Südsee-Inseln, vol. 4, May 1884-April 1885 XII.2.4.38 Entsendung von Kriegsschiffen nach Australien resp. den Südsee-Inseln, vol. 5, May 1885-Sept. 1886 7 XII.2.4.38 Entsendung von Kriegsschiffen nach Australien resp. den Südsee-Inseln, vol. 6, Oct. 1886-Dec. 1887 XII.2.4.38 Entsendung von Kriegsschiffen nach Australien resp. den Südsee-Inseln, vol. 7, Jan. 1888-March 1889 Reel M302 XII.2.4.38 Entsendung S.M. Schiffe nach der Südsee-Station, vol. 1, April 1889-Feb. 1893 XII.2.4.38 Entsendung S.M. Schiffe nach der Südsee-Station, vol.
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