HERE IS THE PROBE GRIM TRUTH IRISH W 6° OCCUPIED DEMOCRAT No. 208 APRIL 1962 IRELAND Damning facts indict the Brookeborough Police State IRISH MARCHERS TELL ENGLAND yHE "Irish Democrat" has just carried out the most far- reaching independent enquir> into the Six Counties since 1936. The damning facts of today are exposed in a four- page supplement to this issue. Four reporters spent ten They were headed by Des- days travelling all over the mond Greaves, Editor of the area, Belfast, Newry, Derry, "Irish Democrat," with Sean Strabane, Omagh, Enniskillen, Redmond, Antony Coughlan Dungannon, bringing up-to- and Tom Redmond of Man- the-minute reports for "Irish Democrat" readers. chester. CHALLENGE \JL/E now issue a challenge to ** every British newspaper: send your reporters there; go and meet the people; talk to those the armed B-men can't intimidate; see the ctiy where a majority of two t» one gets only one-third of the CHRIS SULLIVAN council seats; find out about the refusal of jobs to Catholics; meet the businessmen who have SIX VOTES EACH, and report what BRUM'S they see without fear.
The four reporters decided to walk the 265 miles from Liverpool BOGUS to London via Manchester and TONY COUGHLAN The third Irish Freedom March enters Manchester. Birmingham, In order to tell the British working olass what is be- FLAG IS ing done by the Tory Party in DEFEND OUR NEUTRALITY! occupied Ireland. FURLED OLLOWING the exposure in F the March "Irish Democrat" of how the microscopic minority DUBLIN C.N.D. CONFERENCE of Birmingham Irish who belong to manufacture or receive them. to the Orange Order tricked the /") VER a hundred people were present at the annual con- Lord Mayor into flying the non- ference oj the Irish Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, Mr. Aiken has informed the existent "flag of St. Patrick" on held in Dublin on March 23rd. They came from Limerick, Clare, Irish C.N.D. that he is at present March 17th, 1861, the present IVicklow and Offaly, professional people, trade unionists, clergy, considering a reply to the request Lord Mayor decided to fly no and students, as well as a fraternal delegate from the Six- of U Thant, U.N. Secretary- flag at all and be on the safe side. County C.N.I)., Mr. Seeright, a Northern Ireland Labour Party General, as to what specific under- In making this decision he is candidate in the coming election. takings Ireland might enter into. to be congratulated on avoiding the gratuitous insult to the 60,0*0 course of her report. This would "Our slogan should be 'De- Dr. Anthony Farrington was re- Irish who live in his oity. At the be the effect of agreeing not to filected president or the campaign, time he is refusing to pay a fend Ireland's neutrality.' This manufacture or receive nuclear professor Joseph Johnston, Mr. R to the vast majority is more positive and more weapons on Irish territory. Ire- M. FOX, Mr. Peadar O'Donnell and of a friendly nation beoaute an likely to get support than just land recently voted in the U.N. Miss Helen Chenevix were elected Inconsiderable majority object. He should be flying the Republican 'Keep out of N.A.T.O.'," said for a resolution urging the coun- vice-presidents, and Mrs. B. Ire- tries without nuclear weapons not land was re-elected secretary. tri-oolour. one of the delegates. The con- ference wholeheartedly agreed * SOCIAL and elected C.N.D. representa- GREET THE FREEDOM MARCHERS! tives to a special Irish Neut. WHEN THEY REACH LONDON EVENING rallty Defence Committee. Quakers, pacifists, students' Saturday, 14th April— Sunday, 15th April— Sunday, representatives, and others 3.30 p.m. Assembly points: HYDE PARK, 4 p.m. 15th April anxious to put up a fight EALING GREEN, It a.m. EALING GREEN 7 p.m. to 10.30 p.m. agaMit ahpndoofftg our neut- • LUCA'S ARMS rality aft off this as well. Speakers: Speakers: JOSEPH DEJGHAN Grays Inn Road SHEPHERD'S BUSH ANTHONY COUGHLAN King's Cross - NO BOMBS (Central line) ANTHONY COUGHLAN • The Irish Government may in- T.U. Speakers 130 p.m. DESMOND GREAVES Central, North and West directly declare itself opposed to SEAN REDMOND Auspices: Piper: the establishment of U.S. nuclear London Branches LARRY O'DOWD £ BERT EDWARDS bases here, said Mrs. Betty Ire- Ealing Trades Council Connolly Association land, C.N.D. secretary, in the I fa
THE IRISH DEMOCRAT April 1962 April 1962 THE IRISH DEMOCRAT WORLD COMMENTARY by PAT DEVINE WHAT WE ARE UP AGAINST THE IRISH
The picture on the left DEMOCRAT shows how blatant incite- 374 GRAYS INN ROAD ments to discrimination against Catholics are LONDON, W.C.I ALGERIA-IS IT PEACE? issued by official govern- Subscription: 8/6 per year Electors of St. George's! 1"H E cease-fire in Algeria, agreed on in Algeria will be established in accord- Algeria gmran'.ees the interests of ment candidates in elec- Editor: DESMOND GREAVES Sunday, March 18th by the repre- ance with the regulation which accom- France ana individual physical and moral tions. sentatives of France and the F.L.N., panies the present declaration. rigfus in the conditions li\ed by the A Provisional Executive and a Tribunal present declarations. In exchange. France Do Y< This example brought can signal a new progressive possibi- lity for self-determination and an in- for Pub is Order is set up. The Repub- will grant Algeria her technical and forth indignant protests lic France is represented in Algeria by cult in al assistance and will contribute dependent free Republic of Algeria, Wk ; te net only from the Belfast a High Commissioner. privileged finincial aid for economic and Trades Council, centre cf a great strength to the emergent No Diversions The High Commissioner will be the social development. progressive thinking in democratic nationalist forces in Africa. custodian of th? powers of the Republic In the existing departments ol the lite & that city, but from twelve \ CONNOLLY ASSOCIATION in Algeria, notably in nutters of defence, oases and saoura. the development of lub- prominent English church- ' member sat in a Dublin bar on ! Or it can be the spark that launches security, and the maintenance of order soil wealth will be carried out according HENRY/ men who wired Lord a visit home. In came a young man France into a near civil war, with the in the last resort. to the following principles:— Brcokebcrough requesting selling the "Irish Socialist," which the Fascist O.A.S. terrorist organisation The Provisional Executive will be respon- Co-operation will be ensured by a tech- THE TtfH^E OFFICIAL UNIONISTS him to dissociate himself member bought, and the two started (long tolerated, if not actually pro- sible for the running of public affairs. Its nical body of Sahara Co-operation. This from the policy indicated chatting. tected and encouraged by President mission will be to initiate Algerians in body will have parity. Its role will'be to >y over 70 People in the handbill. De Gaulle and his right wing) making the various branches of this administra- develop the infrastructure necessary for "I've great respect for the Con- tion. a bid to overthrow the Government. the exploitation of the subsoil, to give ad- Lord Brookeborough de- nolly Association," said the Socialist, It will maintain public order. For this For democratic France, the cease fire, vice on mining bills and regulations, to have NEVER employed clined to do so. Now "but why, oh why, are you not run- purpose it will have under its authority, ending as it should, the profligate, use- examine demands concerning the grant- police services and a security force. Nationalists are determined ning a campaign for the abolition of less war expenditure and conscription, can ing of mining concessions, the Algerian that a serious attempt military courts?" mark the beginning of a new era that Preparing and implementing self-deter- State will deliver the mining titles and will enact mining elgislation in full must be made to end this * * * will bring France back to her rightful mination. The Tribunal of Public Order will con- sovereignty. kind of thing once and for in^HE same question comes up in Lon- place in the forefront of worldwide demo- cratic advance. sist of an equal number of European and all. * don, though there the lack of popu- French military forces will be with- Moslem judges. drawn from the frontiers of Algeria at the lar enthusiasm for such a campaign Mu:h will depend upon the manner in They have, presented the The full exercise of public and indivi- time of the completion of self-determina- among the Irish shows that there are which the French Government acts facts to Mr. Butler. dual liberties will be re-established. tion. objections worth considering. ag'-inst the O.A S. And probably more But it will take more important will be the role given to a The P.L.N, will be considered as a legal Algeria leases to France th use" of political formation. than that to compel Mr. But first what should be our at'.itude united working-c'.ass and progressive bases of Mers el Kebir for a 15-vear period. French people with the close support it Persons interned both in France and Butler to act. to Mr. Lemass's decision, forced on him There are undoubtedly many snags in by the combined threats and blandish- the military conscripts barring the road Algeria will be released within a period this agreement, but without doubt it It will need a campaign ments of the British Ambassador? to fascism. of twenty days from the cease-fire. The recognises the strength of the Algerian of pressure from the Bri- amnesty to be proclaimed immediately. liberation movement and is a great vic- tish trade union and La- Total opposition? Of course, total oppo- THE AGREEMENT Refugees abroad to be able to return tory for these forces. OFFICIAL UNIONIST bour movement. Resolu- sition. As a matter of record and for future to Algeria. 1 reierence, here are the terms of the agree- The self-determination vote will take A DEARLY-WON VICTORY i ' (S££OVg*> tions should be poured in, The only issue is whom to hit out at, ment as announced ill a "General place within a period of not less than and and signatures obtained to Mr. Lemass or the British Ambassador. Starting on November 1st. 1954. with Declaration" by both sides at the canciu- not exceeding six months. The date to be an uprising in Eastern Algeria, the over the Connolly Association Our position is roughly that the people sion of the "Evian talks";— fixed by the Provisional Executive. seven years' war has been one of the most Memorial demanding that Stormont col- living in Dublin should look after Lemass and the people living in Britain should "A cease fire. Military operations and INDEPENDENCE AND sanguine in the long struggle of oppressed a complete enquiry must the armed struggle ended on March 19th. leagues, leads the look after the British ambassador. Each COOPERATION peoples for freedom and independence. JS i be made into the adminis- The guarantees rela'.ive to the applica- ST H' ' WIN* fight against dis- to his post. Each to his duty. The Algerian State will exercise its full Leaders of the nationalist forces say tration of "Northern Ire- tion of sell-determination and the organ- that one million Moslems have been killed. crimination. and complete sovereignty both internally land." And that is why the campaign run in isation of the public powers in Algeria and externally. According to French official military Britain should not be against Lemass for during the transition period have been This sovereignty will be exercised in all sources, an estimated 17,250 French defined in common agreement. spheres, notable defence and foreign troops were killed and 141,000 Moslem THE Street anil House to House giving in to the British Government, but THE against the British Government for try- The formation afier self-determination affairs. ' insurgent combatants. REPAIR THIS MONUMENT Collections Bill, moved hi tfce ing "to dictate t and succeeding in dic- of an independent and. sovereign state The Algerian State will freely decide on French forces, especially the para- Dail recently fcy Minister for Justice tating) to Lemass. appearing to conform to Algerian realities its own in institutions and will choose the troopers. have been guilty of persistently- IRISH MARCHERS and in these conditions, co-operation be- organised torture and brutality of Appeal of National Graves Committee Charles Haughey, is a further dttfer * * « political and social regime which it deems Co-operalive Hall, Oxford tween France and Algeria responding to most suitable to its interests. In the inter- prisoners and non-combatants alike. So ^THE following statement has been "To restore It to its original, and to to the civil liberties of the Irish IT might -be said that Lands, who the interests of the two • countries; the national fields, it will draw up and apply blatant and horrifying and completely Wednesday, 11th April circulated by the Belfast branch make it a worthy memorial not only people. ' -complied is just as bad as the French Government considers with the in full sovereignty the policy of its verified have these tortures been that of the Irish National Graves Com- to those who (lie buried therein, but Ambassador who dictated. F.L.N. that the solution of the independ- choice. leaders of French working class and ence of Algeria in co-operation with 7.30 p.fn. mittee. also to all who sacrificed their lives In future collections in tfte street The Algerian State will unreservedly cultural opinion of political colours have in the cause of Ireland free and indi- That may be -se.^but it is not the Ques- Ranee is the one which corresponds to denounced them. , "The National Monument erected at subscribe to the Universal Declaration of visible, is the aim of the above branch. or public houses, or Jty-fagf ojf «ag tion. The question is what is to be doue this situation. the Republican Plot, Milltown Ceme- Human Rights and will base its institu- It is rather sinister that precisely at this "Therefore, to all who believe in the day* and house p house visits, may about It, 4uuL emotionalism never removed The Government and the Fi,.N. have tions on democratic principles and on time, the British Government has agreed tery, Belfast, to the memory of our a single obstacle from our path. martyred dead, is at present very badly noble ideals for which these men suf- only be held with police permission. therefore- deftn-d in common agreement equality of political rights between all to welcome French paratroop battalions fered and died, and as a tribute to their this solution in the declarations which will to Britain for training purposes. This In need of repair and renovation. The CormoHy Association is trying 1c citizens without discrimination of race, service and sacrifice in the cause of be submitted to the approval of ihe elec- origin or religion. It will apply the could mean that before long these French NEXT MONTH "Long years of internment and im- Ostensible purpose of the Bi|| is to rafv the working-class movement against Ireland free and Gaelic, we, the under- tors at the time of the self-determination reeognised guarantees, notably to citizens torturers could be in the Six Counties. , prisonment of those who have cared prevent such collections becoming a British interference in Ireland. Can we signed, make an urgent appeal for a vote." of French civilian status. At a time when some countries are the for it down the years with the subse- succeed in this by telling it to interfere generous donation towards the cost of "widespread nuisance." Following upon this general declara- tinkering with the Common Market, which quent general public apathy resulting in Ireland itseff. As regards that part The relations between France and IRISH DEMOCRAT the completion of this necessary work. tion there are a number of detailed is a betrayal of their national sovereignty, therefrom, has caused the stone to be- of Ireland for which the British Gov- Algeria will be based, in mutual respect Go raibh mile maith agat. Real purpose, according to a state- points including:— of their independence, on reciprocal ex- the Algerian Nationalist victory should come shabby and outworn and the let- ernment passe6 laws, it Is natural t'^at will ment of the Sinn £ein Publicity Un.il self-de.ermination has been change ol benefits and of the interests of bring new strength and encouragement to tering almost indecipherable. JAMES STEELE, we should want ta; say something about reached, the organisation of pub'.ic powers the two parties. the republican self-determination forces. 20 Clondara Street, Belfast. Committee, is to stop people collect- those laws. It is owr policy to jolt the ing for Sinn Fein and An Cumann hand of the oppressor and 6o to weaken TELL MORE Trqde Unions give MRS. E. KELLY, Cabhrach. the oppression. But to set a movement about the record of Tory their support 3 Anderson Street, Belfast. on foot in Britain to tell Mr. Lemass ;o JOSEPH CAHILL, JNR., The Minister has admitted in the do the opposite-of what the British am- Unionism in the Six bassador tells him to do is to accept /^VN the initiative of Mr. Patrick J. Mc- 60 Divis Street, Belfast. Dail that the Bill would "deal Co. Down man indicts Stormont the British Government's principle that Counties Auley, the Birkenhead (Liverpool) W. McKEE, adequately with collection* by illegal it is legitimate to interfere in Irish I THINK it would be no exaggera- But such impressions are taken from Trades Council and Labour Party has Speech of experience of ordinary people. The Tory passed the following resolution:— 89 McDonnell St., Belfast." organisations or in support of illegal atfairs. tion to say that the most important [NOTE: Readers wishing to contribute establishment with its control of pro- "We urge the National Executive organisations." * * * happening recently with regard to shou'd send their donations to one of MR. W. MEEK vincial and local government,. public ser- Committee of the Labour Party to use the above signatories, and NOT to the Similar legislation is in force in T may be said, we need only organise Northern Ireland was the statement vices and commerce, has as ever yielded All its powers to secure an amnesty for "Irish Democrat."—Editor.] Irish people in such a movement. by Republican Publicity Bureau that at Connolly Association not an inch in its sectarian attitude, nor the members of the Irish Republican the Six Counties. I The reply is that by so doing we merely resistance to British imperialism by has it made any concession to the further- Army mow in British Jails." tink&r with tire results of partition means entailing violence has been Annual Conference ing of democracy or the restoration of Ths motion was passed unanimously by instead of getting bodily after partition halted. Whereas I believe it is true human rights. The cessation of raids on PLAIN - TALK 124 delegates with about 30 visitors N.I.L.P. ATTACKS PLURAL VOTE itself, which can only be ended by the the border has met with no response from present to say that this news was greeted A trade union friend showed me I^OLLOWING a trend which is becom- Nationalists have based their appeal to combined efforts of the patriots of Ire- beginning to show an increasing resist- the Brookeborough Government in that * * * with relief by the majority of nation- ance to indoctrination that promotes the following paragraph. He read ing increasingly apparent as the the electorate on th« border issu* there land and the democratic forces of the they have declined to consider any'step STAFFORD TRADES COUNCIL is nationally-minded parties and groupings ally-minded people in the province, it sectarianism. People are becoming towards a more democratic form of gov- it in the mid-January issue of the by distrfcthtg attention from their British people. ^ giving its official support to the Irish bring the issue of democratic rights more failures on the economic field." is also clear that now more than ever aware that the Republic is not a cleri- ernment by taking such a step as repeal- "United Mine Workers' Journal," freedom marchers on the way across into the public eye. the Northern Ireland People will naturally ask how the To put things another way, it is im- has it become necessary that the issue cally dominated mediaeval state, but ing Uie iniquitous Special Powers Act. Nor organ of one of the biggest U S. England from Liverpool to London, and Labour Party has made an important Nationalists who have not been in office possible to fight Mr Lemass in London, of the unjust partition of Ireland that'it is a country that is fulfilling have they made any move to control the trade unions. It occurs in a survery is arranging an indoor meeting for them. break with the past in its new pre-election in the Six Counties for a single day are without helping British imperialism to must be kept alive in the minds of important international obligations in the provocative behaviour of the Special Con- modern world whereas the north remains of what is likely to happen in 1962. Oxford Trades Council is doing likewise, statement "Ulster Labour and the Nation." any more to be blamed for the economic entrench itself even more strongly in the public—especially the British stabulary. and a group of trade unionists in Leam- the north. Every attack made on Lemass a backwater incapable of home-spun It has declared Itself in favour of elec- situation than the Labour Party. This is public. These two factors—the Special Powers "Prom our personal viewpoint ington Spa is inviting a speaker to go to will be used bv imperialism as a proof initiative because of being smothered by toral reform, not yet the full proportional cheap angling for the Protestant vote and Act and the existence of a quasi-military that city when the march reaches Coven- that Lord Brookeborough is preferable. It. is imperative that the British Westminster. one of the great tragedies of his- representation that is necessary< but an Labour should have grown out of it. police force demonstrate more clearly try, the nearest point. It will be used to show that Irish inde- people realise that though the shoot- I am further quite convinced that there tory could be that Ireland may important measure in the right direction. Grant that Northern Ireland Labour is than anything else just how low are the * * * lias been an increasing break down in have to get back into the United It has declared itself for the abolition Unionist, its claim is to rise above the pendence is a poor worthless thing. ing has stopped the Irish people as standards of democracy in the Six Coun- A MONO greetings read out, by chair- of the business votes and university seats, more prejudiced forms of Unionism a whole do not accept the continued former sectarian social taboos, to put :t Kingdom when Great Britain gets So to sum up. we are completely ties. They show that the Stormont Gov- man Joe- Deighan at the Chorlton and for the enfranchisement of the Therefore tjie appeal to.Unionist prejudice simply, that Catholic and Protestant are into the Commoti Market. Wtf' ffofc- opposed to the setting up ot military divis'i n of the country. ernment is no longer capable of keeping Town Hail "Meet the marchers'' meeting, lodgers, in addition It requests an im- is unnecessary; sufficient to say as they to a iar greater extent getting to realise 1 rotrrts. but we are not going to have our As one who lives in the Six Counties. I control by the normal organs of a demo- gest that a better solution to were messages from Mr Leslie Lever, partial boundaries commission" and advo- do say that they support the border. that they are the one people, with the main resources diverted into a fruitless can report that there are many hopeful cratic society. Such a situation is hardly Ireland's economic dilemma would M.P., Mr. Charles Royle. M.P., Mr. Frank cates bringing Six-County election law A further important development in the same fears, and the same enjoyments. chase after Mr. Lemass. We propose signs that, seem to be growing all the indicative of a happy and contented be to become an outlying ward of Allauti. M.P., Mr. Will Griffiths, MP, and generally inio line with that of Britain. Labour statement is the demand that the time Bv this I do not mean that there The apartheid-like barriers that so people to continue our rfforts to pull British often In the past prevented individuals Boston, Mass." Mr. K Zilliacus, MP. Dan Burgess, sec- It is regrettable, however, that the Government shall recognise the Northern is anv relaxation on the part ol the imperialism's dirty paws off our Six being companions are breaking down. I'INHERE is soon to be a general election retary of the Manchester C E.U. sent a statement launches a gratuitous attack on Ireland Committee of tl* Irish Congress authorities Nor that confirmed Union- Counties, and then leave the Irish people This is not something that I can prove ' in the Six Counties. Yet where else Plain spoken at any rate, and message signed by hl3 president and 24 the Nationalist Party which will not be of Trade Unions. ists are rushing across to the cause ol to doai with Mr Lemasx as they think by means of quoting from statistics It In the so-called United. Kingdom would more so than you will read in the members of his district committee. A contesting any of the seata Labour hope^ The Northern Ireland Labour Party is is required. British imperialism is our Irish nationalism a little too much lo is more something that I sense, but Is one find candidates canvassing, addressing message was also received from Mr Tom to gain. also proposing a comprehensive pro- Irish or British papers. main entmv. and le< those of u« who hope for nevertheless a re»l step towards an in- meetings, and performing all the othe* Coughlan, district secretary of the Amal- The statement says: — gramme of economic development In the Itve nearest to thr fmuitain-head not tor- What I mean to say Is that in Ulster dependent Ireland (ContkHMd on Eigttt) gamated Society of Woodworkers. . "For forty years the Unionists and Six Counties. art it. I betiov* that, tlw ordinary people are April 1962 IRISH DEMOCRAT SUPPLEMENT 5 4 THE IRISH DEMOCRAT April 1962 Stcrmont, Belfast Anthony Couglilan writes 'NO OATH, NO JOB!' IIUILtfi IHIllllllllllm l NATIONALISTS TOLD SELL SOULS FOR WORK tt By Sean Redmond Dump arms \A/HEN an Omagh (Co. Tyrone) Republican went looking for a job as a bricklayer at a local hospital he was told he must first swear the foJJ6wing oath, for which they had bibles ready: "I ... hereby declare that I will render true and faithful He decided not to sfeil his soul allegiance and service to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the for work, and went home. Second, her heirs and successors according to law and to How many people does this Her Government in Northern Ireland." political test affect? still the talking point It affects all members of the Naturally enough he protested because it should be the Pirstlv Government and local services, that this had nothing to do with f born in a ter- do the Republicans intend to oppose statement unequivocally opposing Ire- righl 0 any cmzen amounting in all to 34.295 people. rpHE I.R.A.'s calling off of the bricklaying, and that presumably ritory to be eligible for employ- land's entry into the Common.-Market Schoolteachers, forestry workers, Border campaign is still the main "possible commitment of the people of he could lay as good a brick while and N.A.T.O. Hitherto Sinn Fein has ment in that territory without nurses, local government officials the Twenty-Six Counties in future wars" being a Republican. political talking point among wide only warned of the probable dangers of GREAT WHITE ELEPHANT discrimination. MARKET STRAW or to set about "restoring in full to the * * * have to take it to get a job. Many sections of people in Dublin. joining. is the militant Republican stu- Irish people their sense of national "VTTHY do Republicans and Secondly, because it is essentially "^LUTCHING at straws" is the dent in college who has become values," when the methods used up to » ' MNationalista s object to this a political test. In Britain where phrase best describing how The reason given in the "X.R.A. state- Is it being rash to expect that these mysteriously tamed in national now are admitted to have failed? What ON AN IRISH HILL oath? nobody disputes the fact that the some Irish language supporters ment, "The attitude of the general two steps in the right direction will be matters on getting his first job. effect will this have on Sinn Fein? Queen is the head of the State, regard the Common Market. public," and the decline in support of the followed by others? Simultaneously Sinn FITTING on a hill just out- The reason is the oath. there is no such test. The test Border campaign as a means of solving * * Fein restated its social and economic side Belfast is the Stor- "Irish will have a special import- exists in the Six Counties pre- But it does not apply only to Partition, are generally agreed to- be the programme in the "United Irishman." mont Parliament House, one of ance when we join with Europe," cause of this important development. /"vNLY time will answer these questions. cisely because the essential issue the professions. It applies to says An t Athair Tomas O'Fiaich. the bjggest white elephants in in this territory is whether it shall bricklayers, and indeed to all but " But certain it is that this city can "Economic salvation," says the state- Europe. " . . The predominance of English But there has been some surprise that seldom have had so many people of ment, "already proven to be well-nigh form part of the U.K. or become "casual labourers." even in the most respectable circles the I.R.A. should have drawn so clear a Republican sympathies about, seeking a impossible whilst Partition persists and It houses only 80 M.P.s, and part of an Irish Republic. Thus, But this is not all. Leave aside will be ended when it is on a par line under the past by means of such an way to fight the sell out to Imperialism partition economy is the rule, will, most has been ruled by the one those who believe the latter are the humiliation inflicted on with many other languages to be explicit statement. and looking for a lead. likely, become utterly impossible once party for no less than forty being forced to swear away their Nationalists who must conform to heard on the Dublin streets. The question is: What next? If it is Ireland is forced to enter the Common years. Its rule extends to six political beliefs in order to get a tills test for the sake of their families' bread, and those quite "To have the language would true that "other and lesser issues have Symptomatic of this is the overnight Market." Irish counties. job. numerous Protestants who have a brand us as a separate entity in been urged successfully on the Irish mushrooming of several small Republican As Sean Stinson (Belfast There is a third thing—the oath Irish industries will be closed down in bit of human dignity about them the days (and they might not be people," why is this? Have the Irish groups to fill the political "vacuum." The prescribes "faithful allegiance and the Common Market and more family G.A.A.) put it to the "Demo- even if they support the Govern- long distant) when the President people lost their desire for a united inde- National Civil Liberties, League, set up to service" to the Government of farms will be merged into rancher hold- crat" : "It's a grand place, if ment's position in general. of Ireland might be nothing more pendent country; or is it that they so end the Military Tribunals, was men- Northern Ireland. How can a man ings, Sinn Fein warns. The Home Market only we had a country to go Workers on certain Government than a glorified county manager fear the revival of civil war that they tioned last month in these columns. swear faithful allegiance and ser- will be further reduced by emigration. with it." contracts are liable to take the and the Dail a glorified County will-not support the methods used over Latest is the "Anti Partition Association," vice to a government that he is * * m oath, when a well-known Repub- Council." the past five years in an attempt to which has put out handbills and posters trying to do away with? obtain it? Will the Republican movement calling a demonstration to Croke Park The statement says that a call should iHE Stormont Government is lican from the Falls Road applied Some hopes! * * * now take a more political direction? How on St. Patrick's Day. go out to the Irish people "to gird them- T completely subordinate *o for such a job, he was told that selves for a fight to survive independent Westminster. The Constitution of TPHE Omagh bricklayer was it is necessary to sign the oath This body, to quote one of its handbills, of and clear from foreign commitments Northern Ireland is not based pushed from pillar to post, of allegiance first. "intends to end Partition by peaceful and alignments." This could be achieved upon anything within the six coun- from official to official, for a whole Here is one more method of in- means, by taking a vote in the whole of if a genuine effort was made to organise ties that constitute it. Its Consti- day. timidation which strengthens the CHILL WINDS FOR FARMERS Ireland, and by accepting as law the will the country's economy on a national tution is an Act of the British Finally, he was told bluntly. "No grip of Tory Unionism over the of the majority of the people Unifica- basis. Parliament. And at any time the oath, no job." lives and liberties of the people. fT*HE bitter winds and gusts of sleet watched the farmers go by, these de- tion will be practicably impossible if we Westminster Parliament could re- cutting through the Dundalk: streets mands are misdirected. They build a But as neither Fianna Fail nor Fine join the Common Market," it goes on to peal this Act. and Northern Ire- didn't make it very comfortable for the barrier between the farmers and the Gael will do this, who can do it if not say. land could be given another con- WITHOUT CHARGE OR TRIAL meeting in front of the Cathedral on townsfolk. The farmers should direct the Republican and Labour movements stitution. for better or for wores. R. Eddie MacLaughlin was a without charge or trial on the sus- February 26th. themselves mainly at the Government f together? What will build unity between FHE I.R.A. announcement coincided MAC ART'S FORT, CAVE HILL, BELFAST member of a group of Republi- picion that he was going to do and our whole economic set-up. them? Article 75 of the Act particularly M The 2,000 Louth farmers, men with with the issue of the Sinn Fein reserves the absolute jurisdiction I. to r.: T. Redmond, S. Redmond, C. D. Greaves, A. Coughlan. cans living in Omagh, Co. Tyrone. something. And here we reprint the some of the best land in Ireland, from Nationally, the N.F.A. which has 60 If he had done anything illegal actual form that was given him of Westminster over "every person when he was taken out of bed on a Darver, Sheelagh, Kilcurry, Killanny, per cent, of Irish farmers among its no doubt the watchful eye of the and thing" in the area ruled by partition. It is impossible to plan cold winter night at three in the Haggardstown, all over the county, whom members, are demanding subsidies and RoyaV Ulster Constabulary would PENAL DUTY ON Stormont. the life of the country. The Six not rave missed it. morning. He was kept inside for cheap credit for farmers, improved mar- PARTITION I watched standing • there attentively for * # # Counties contains about 35 per Be that as it may, they didn't two years. On coming out he was three hours, were obviously not come to keting, the development of trade with all A LAME DUCK? CliHE central issue of Irish poli- cent of the total population and need to catch him doing anything. refused national health benefits town just for fun. countries, including Eastern Europe, and BUTTER REMOVED tics, at its sharpest within the wealth, including the major en- They were entitled under the Spe- through lack of stamps he had been THE SUPREME prevented from earning.—S.R. Nor were the farmers who came to the more capital investment in agriculture. In the chorus of anti-national Six Counties, as can be imagined, gineering industries. These and cial Powers Act to imprison him The N.F.A. leadership has been under voices hailing the Common Market rpHE penal duty of the import of Irish is not what government shall rule other industries in the Six Coun- N.F.A. demonstrations in Mullingar, Cork, I ,N T EBNHENT ORDER Castlebar, Lifford, Naven, Nenagh, Tulla- heavy pressure for years for more vigor- comes a sombre reminder from the butter into Britain was removed on from Stormont, but whether Stor- ties have been deprived of their GERRYMANDER ous action from the rank and file. The Most Rev. Dr. Murphy, Bishop of February 28th. mont should house a government natural role of building up the more, and a dozen other towns. 100,000 HAT is gerrymandering? farmers have taken part in these meet- present campaign had developed spon- Limerick, of why Ireland still at all. The Nationalists say no. economy of all Ireland. Hence taneously in local areas and through the But, the Irish Government has been W WHEREAS it appears to me, on the roccmncndation of the Inspector ings over the past three months, a fan- needed independence. They are joined with various at- stagnation, dependence on foreign It is a method of rigging county organisations. The bulk of the forced to agree to send no more than General, Royal Ulster Constabulary, that for scouring the preservation tastic figure for rural demonstrations! tendant policies by Sinn Fein and raw materials and markets, and elections by means of unequal ^f the peace and tha maintenance of order in Northern Ireland, it i3 men protesting are the small and medium He was speaking at the opening 2,400 tons in the month of March. These are the biggest meetings in coun- the Irish Labour Parties. The subjection to the monopoly in- constituencies so that the largest expedient that EDWARD MAL/CHY McLOUOHLIN sized farmers, but it is generally the of the new I.T.G.W.U. office in of try places since the Land League. In The duty was clapped on Irish exports Northem Ireland Labour Party on terests of the big cross-channel party wastes its majority in one 10 Nowtovn street, 3tr»b«ne, larger ones, who have the time and O'Connell Street, Limeriok. Naas farmers staged a sit-down strike in as a taste of trade war threatened by the! other hand says "yes" and has shipping interests, constituency while its opponents' in the County of Tyrone money to devote to N.F.A. affairs, who who is suspected or Tielng kbout to act in a manner prejudicial to the main street! "Ireland did not seek indepen- Britain when Mr. Conor Cruise O'Brien earned the deep contempt of Unemployment in Northern Ire- majority is spread thinly over a act as leaders and spokesmen. Nationalists of all tendencies for land is the highest in Europe. the preservation of tiie peace and the maintenance of order in Northern Why all this? dence for sentimental reasons or was exposing the operations of British number of constituencies. Ireland, should be Interned. Will this powerful movement take a identifying its position on this In the south, dependence on Irish farmers, especially the small out of empty pride of raoe but to imperialism in the Congo. Everybody has heard of the more overtly political direction, is the matter with that of British im- foreign metal products means two ones, are being squeezed these years as ensure that the oountry would be notorious gerrymandering of Derry question people are beginning to ask? Is It was also intended to help Mr. perialism. things. It means the Republic has How I, THE RIGHT HONOURillE B.VT.B. T0PPIJC, S.C., kinistor of in a vice between rising farm costs on developed for the benefit of the City by which a Nationalist majo- H'jne Affairs for Northern Ireland, by virtue of the powers vested in there any chance of the Sinn Fein move- Lemass to make up his mind to "get to go begging foreign industrial- the one hand and falling or low farm people so that they might be able For many years, the northern rity of 60 per c«nt holds only 40 mt by the Civil Authorities (Spcoial Po-.ers) Aots (Northern Ireland), ment, still strongly based in country tough" with the I.R.A. Nationalists hoped that the Dublin ists to build up her industry. And per cent of the seats on the City 1012-1 %}, and tho Regulations mido thereunder, and of all other powers income on the other. areas, giving sections of it at any rate to lead a good life in their native me thereunto enabling, DO riEREBY OSIER the said EWARD UAL ACHY McLOUGHUH * * * land." Government would "come north it means keeping the best land in Council. This is achieved by put- an anti-imperialist direction? There will thus be further talks with and liberate them.' This was the Ireland down under grass to feed ting the bulk of the Nationalists COME figures to illustrate this. Average It is certain at any rate, that the If we entered the E.E.C. we the British Government in the month of basis for the great following won cattle for export, so that industrial in one big ward containing more forctaith tr be Interned in H.M. PRISON, BELFAST, ^ weekly income in 1960 for all Trade Union and Labour Movement might well "drag along as the lame April, and no doubt the shrewd nego- by Mr. De Valera. Disappointed products can be imported. than half the population. The farmers and their sons was £6 19s.—this should treat it with all possible sympathy duck of Western Europe, continu- tiators of Whitehall will have other pro- In this, for a time they moved From this parallel, economic un- Unionists are then numerous ing to use our financial and human figure allows no return for the farm work and support and not allow it to be given posals for Mr. Lemass. It is to be hoped their allegiance from Nationalists balance follows unemployment in enough to get a slender majority resources for the advantage of a carried out by the farmer's wife and an anti-Trade Union, anti-urban charac- that Mr. Lemass understands that he to Sinn Fein. the Republic as well, though for- in TWO smaller wards. So the nation other than our own," the and tc be subjeot to all the ruiia and restrictions applicable to daughters. Today the receipts from farm- ter by men anxious to prevent a nossible can never play Britain at the Imperial Now they are in a deeply dis- tunately it is not so acute, minority rules the majority. B Bishop said. persona there Interned, and to b Jcept Interned thore until further ing are two per cent, less than in 1953 united front on common issues between game, but can play and win the anti- illusioned but questioning mood. * * * The supreme gerrymander is the orrler. •while non-agricultural incomes have in- town and country emerging. colonial struggle. Many of them believe the Lemass IJARTITION has been he means partition of Ireland. - • • x, 1 of perpetuating religious feuds Those who want an Irish Re- creased by over 35 per cent. In 1953 non- Government has abandoned them; If the sold EWARD ii At ACHY HcLOUOHLIN agricultural incomes per head were Huge stocks of butter have been piling of these a substantial number are which otherwise would have been public covering all Ireland consist desires to make any representations against this Order of Intamecnt forgotten all about. Religious sec- of the vast majority of the popu- already 40 per cent, higher than agricul- up in Dublin since November. Should moving towards a Socialist posi- ho should, as soon as may bo after a oopy of this Order is served <*i DOUBTS AS THE EXPERTS STUDY tarianism is deliberately kept lation of the Twenty-Six Counties him, hand in a otateaert of such representations to the official in tural incomes. In the intervening eight Ireland keep these till Britain wants tion, exemplified for example by going in order to try to maintain (60 per cent of the population of charge *her«- ho is Intomed, and such reprusentatic*,s shall bo dulj years numbers employed on the land A T present over 20 teams of experts The trade unions have Insisted that them, or sell them now to the many support for the policies of Mr. considered by the Advisory Coooittee specially appointed for the the border. Ireland) plus about 30 per cent have fallen by over 80,000 and the fall ^ are studying Ireland's industries to the Government cannot alter the text of eager customers in Eastern Europe and Diamond, of Mr. Fitt. At the same purposes of Regulation 12 (a copy of wliiah i« attached) of the Some people imagine there Is of the population of the Six Coun- Regulations. still continues. see how they can be made fit to meet these reports once they are completed. the rest of the world? Decisive action to time tl;e Nationalists are growing ties (10 per cent of the population Common Market competition. Each team No glossing over or toning down of harsh do so might bring the British Govern- more inclined to help themselves some native antagonism between Basic cause of this is imperialist domi- Protestant and Catholic which thp of all Ireland). is made up of representatives of tlfe firms conclusions is to be permitted. They may ment to its senses. without waiting for Dublin. nation of our economy—a divided coun- ruling powers merely "exploit." On any straight vote 70 per cent 19 concerned, the trade unions and civil well prove to be political dynamite. A smaller number are beginning 14th day of February 68 try, inadequate industrialisation, small They therefore like to solf-pedal want a united republic. But Ire- servants and economists. to think in terms broader still, home market, and dependence on Britain, the Issues of sectarian discrimina- land is divided into two constitu- namely that an alliance between who offers inadequate prices for every- tion. But when the Prime Minis- encies. All those who inhabit the Their reports are eagerly awaited and all the Nationalists of Ireland thing except beef cattle, as our main should all be out by the autumn. Rumour "l^E should not join NATO, or 1 ter himself can advise his col- Twenty-Six Counties are national- JT"; 11 mi iliiiilnii • M lunlii • ill In: I III! Ill irrespective of party and a British export market. abandon our neutrality, said Mr. leagues not to employ Catholics, ists. The Unionists remaining are has it that there will be many recom- working-class movement recon- In their anger, however, farmers are Liam Cosgrave, T.D., at a public meeting when Government candidates can then numerous enough to hold the mendations for "streamlining" and verted by the Connolly Association hitting out at anything which can be in- MANCHESTER C.A. I openly boast that they never em- Six Counties with a modest "rationalisation" of firms—rationalisation in Dublin during March. to the cause of Ireland, can end terpreted as forming part of their costs, ployed Catholics, it is clear that majority, which is of course in out of existence for not a few. April 3—J. P. McGILL I the border and finally bury the especially the rates and the rising cost of This is a voice from an unexpected there is an official social war practice increased by methods of labour due to the wage rounds. Local For instance, of the 22 linen and cotton quarter. It chimes with that of another Current Irah Drama hatchet between the two nations. plural voting, etc. * * # directed against one religion. 1-fcKTIrICAOTL Of SERVICE County Councillors, especially Labour mills in the country, six produce 80 per Fine Gael Deputy, Ritchie Ryan, whom I Why? Because of that religion? But the two constituencies, one kESPITE all attempts to con- ones, who want to increase public ser- cent, of the output. What happens to the quoted last month as being opposed to April 10—J. DEIGHAN No. but because In general, the too per cent Nationalist, the other \Yfus e the issue. It remains a vices at extra charge to the rates, have other 16 in the Common Market, scat- the abandonment of Ireland's neutrality. Catholics are the descendants of about 70 per cent Unionist, are A oopy of thi3 Qr>jer /as nf)C*y\ by ma on tno person named homLn The 1916 Rising palpable fact that all the evils Jn some places been under heavy tered as they are all over the country? the original Irish population who then treated as EQUAL. It is de- on the date ahcr-Ti horounior. This, in "spite""of^Fine "Gael*"Leader which are special to Ireland at pressure. They should amalgamate, say the econo- are linked mast closely to those clared that there is a tie, and that James Dillon's wholehearted support of April 17—T. REDMOND the present time stem directly Date of Sorvioo: mists. Small businesses cannot survive across the border and want it out the Six Counties with one vote, * * * the "political aims of the EEC." in all from partition. competition. But how do you amalgamate their implications. The Irish March of the way. can veto the Twenty-Six, whloh T)UT as a Dundalkman .said to me, Economically, the life of each also have one vote. SIgnairurc: a firm in Clifden, say, with one in Which goes to show that all is not yet g p.m. 94 88 Grosvenar Street . (Continued on PaRe 6even) standing on the sidewalk as he part of Ireland is unbalanced by Ennlscorthy or Dundalk? lost, even in Fine Gael. • • •• "«" ii'n ii i i ii • • ,., ,,„ mm mm IRISH DEMOCRAT SUPPLEMENT
DISCRIMINATION - LAW X-COUNTY LIFE Nationalists BtLFAST IS challenge THE CENTRE Mr. Butler r gELFAST is the only large town in the '\\ HATEVER he may do, from now • on Mr. R. A. Butler, British Six Counties which has a substantial Home Secretary, will not be able to Unionist majority. So strong indeed is say he does not know about the this majority that it has scared the North- charges of gross discrimination against Catholics in the Six Counties. ern Ireland Labour Party off the principled The Nationalists have handed him a course of James Connolly who started complete dossier of the facts, and chal- lenged him to institute an impartial en- political Labour in Ireland, into a position quiry to investigate them. identical with that of William Walker, The "Irish Democrat" has just had four whom Connolly so thoroughly despised. reporters spending ten days in the Six Counties, and is strongly of the opinion In these conditions the principal thorn in the that the Nationalists are right. There" is side of the Unionists in the Corporation is discrimination. There are violations c f democratic rights. And they are directed Councillor Gerry Fitt. who sits in the Council against the Catholics principally, al- ELEVEN for Dock Ward -the ward contested by James though there are a number of Protestants Connolly when he was resident in Belfast. who fare no better, occupying much the position of "poor whites" in the southern CHILDREN, COMPANY DIRECTORS ONLY? Mr. Pitt is gping up for Stormont in the States of America. next election, Ind tells me he has a good The Connolly Association has launched A house on the "Pound Brae," Etiniskillen. chance of election. a nationwide memorial to Mr. Butler de- manding an enquiry into the working of TWO ROOMS the Government of Ireland Act, 1920. The IT OW do the Unionists propose to deal challenge of the Nationalist Party comes 1 I HAVE just seen the worst housing with Mr. Fitt? at an opportune time. The British work- conditions I ever saw. The families How a minority holds power In Britain or the Republic, his oppo- ing-class movement should give close who suffer them are in Militia Hall (a nents would examine his programme, heed, and demand that the matter is converted barracks), Enniskiilen. The ACCORDING to the voters' rolls for to a maximum of £60. Thus one man may revenge on the Protestants. Many Protest- criticise it and fight him on their own. thrashed out once and for all. Mr. Fitt is a flamboyant character and house on the left in the photograph is " the Westminster elections, Derry wield six votes. ants hated the present system but were in- quite possibly leaves a few loose ends occupied, though only the two right- City has 18,818 Nationalist voters In the North ward there are 800 such timidated; discrimination which deprived the company votes; in the overwhelmingly Catholic of his rights made the Protestant around whicli those intelligent enough to £. hand rooms are, strictly speaking, habit- (mainly Catholics) and 10,260 Unionist Nationalist South with twice the electorate dependent oh the Orange lodge. If the do so would be able to give an odd tug v able. LABOUR M.P.S voters (mainly Protestants). only 171; while in the small Waterside ward Nationalists were in power they would intro- at. In the next house only the two left-hand Yet Derry has 12 Unionist city councillors there are 111. duce objective tests to measure need for But no such thought enters their ATTACK rooms are "habitable," and they held when and only eight Nationalists. All this was explained to the "Irish Demo- re-housing or suitability for employment. minds. I saw them, one sick man in a bed on the How does this come about? crat" by Councillor Doherty, Nationalist One of the most serious aspects of the It is typical of Unionist politics that the ground floor, his wife and 11 children, one First note that all persons eligible to vote member of the Derry City Council, in the gerrymander system, he explained, was the issue should be made NOT Mr. Fitt's Con- UNIONISTS for the Westminster Parliament are not of them recovering from pneumonia. Rain- study lined with books and papers above manipulation of housing policy to suit nolly-Labour policy (which has won many rrHE first full debate on Six-County water was pouring into the house. Pools out- allowed to vote in Stormont or local gov- Protestant as well as Catholic votes in his butcher's shop in the centre of the Unionist electoral aims. Catholics must be affairs was held in the British side the door had to be crossed by duck- ernment elections. crammed into South ward at all costs, the this very mixed ward) but whether Mr. town. House of Commons on Friday, March boards. There are three electoral rolls in the Six "Even when these reductions in voting Protestant majority in the others must be Fitt's strongest supporters should be Counties—the Imperial one where one-man- maintained. As a result the two communi- cleared out of the ward to a new estate 30th. According to Alderman Maguire and Coun. strength have been carried out," he ex- one-vote applies, and where anybody resi- plained, "there is still a Nationalist ties were segregated in ghettoes and their beyond the city boundary, to give way for It was intended to be an orgy of back- Donnelly, who ahowed it to me, these houses slapping between the British and Six- dent three months can get a vote ; tjhe majority of 13,185 to 9,117." prospect of getting to know each other a "development" scheme which includes have been condemned for years, yet thanks County Tories who think that because Stormont roll, which excludes people bdrn The Unionist Council operate their hous- correspondingly reduced. skyscraper flats on the "Barbican" model, to the sectarian policy of the gerrymandered which could not possibly house the work- there are to be no more border raids that in the Twenty-Six Counties (but not |in ing policy with a view to keeping the One important point Councillor Doherty Enniskillen unionist Council no attempt has ing-class people Mr. Fitt relies on. the border question will be forgotten. Britain) who have resided in the Six Coun- Nationalists in lodgings where they will get volunteered. It is asked, "Will Catholics em- .been made to re-house their occupants. They reckoned without the rapidly- ties less than seven years ; and finally the no vote; they also encourage them to emi- ploy Protestants?" Mr. Dohert.v answers them, The same people who propose to move advancing understanding of the opposi- local government roll which in addition ex- grate by denying them opportunities. "I am prepared to do so." But in fact he Mr. Fitt's supporters out of the city tion, which has been helped on by the FEW hundred yards along the Under-foremen. gangers, etc., there are cludes all those who are not rate-paving has never had a single Protestant applica- oppose the extension of the city bound- T>UT how does the Unionist Party manage Unionists' own complacency and trucu- /CONVERSATION in the Town Hall Letterkenny Road lives a quiet, included—15 non-Catholics and four householders and, like t,he Stormont. includes tion for employment in any of his branches ary—and thus try to make sure they are to hold the council at all? "It is done lence. ^ where we sought the owners of this scholarly retired schoolmaster, whose Catholics. businessmen with preqiises in the city. on either side of the border. Why not? First kept out. by a system known as gerrymandering," Mr. Brown told them their methods of property :— Even in the least skilled category, that The Nationalist vote in municipal elections because the Protestants do not need to go * * * revelations of discrimination in coun- Councillor Doherty explained, "by which the government were "archaic." Mr. Hugh Mr. Nelson-(rate collector): Aye. I mind of the labourers, parity is not reached. Of is reduced by this means to 13.185. whereas to a Catholic for employment. And secondly VI^HY are the Unionists prepared to go cil employment have caused -an up- Nationalists are compelled to concentrate Delargy called for the release of the two the place. A woman died there recently. the Unionist vot? falls only to 9.117 This because in a place where the "Establish- ' * to such lengths to get rid of Mr. roar in Derry City. the 171 labourers employed, 86 are non- their majority in one big ward and waste it is because the Unionists include more house- ment" is Protestant not many of them would Fitt? Republican prisoners held in British jails, Coun. Donnelly: Could you blame her for He is Coun. Friel of the Nationalist Catholics, while only 85 are Catholics. holders," and tjae Nationalists more lodgers. there. The Unionist vote in that ward is be willing to begin as delivery boys to a It could be due to his determination to Donal Murphy and Joseph Doyle. He dying? Party, whose wife from Glenttes claims Yet the population of Derry is over- Into the bargain people from Inishowen m deliberately cut to a minimum and the boun- Catholic. "I do not like this position," he expose the unfair- electoral system, in par- called on the Home Secretary to let them close rehtMMiship with the famous work- whelmingly Catholic. out at once. Yet so serious is the housing situation that Derry lees tttttn seven years are disfranchised, daries wind like a snake to achieve it. As said, "but I didn't make it." ticular the company vote which is at its ing-class poet and novelist, Patrick McGill. the occupants of these houses expressed a while business people who live in luxurious a result the Unionists have a majority of maximum in Belfast—noteworthy though He was told by Ulster Unionist Clark He told me about what he discovered DELIBERATE the remaining votes, and this is spread thinly That was my conclusion, too. Sec- fear that publicity would lead to their being villas across the border (which is only f
I \ April 1962 10 THE IRISH DEMOCRAT April 1962 THE IRISH DEMOCRAT 11 THE EMIGRANT'S SONG Edited by Written and composed by BILL HANSON OLD CELTIC Gerard Curran ROMANCES "OLD CELTIC ROMANCES." Trans- lated from the Gaelic by P. W.. Joyce. The Talbot Press, Dublin. SMALL FARMER 21s. net. "TARRY FLYNN," by Patrick Kava- 'PHIS is a collection of Tales from Irish nagh. Four Square, 2/6d. Mythology translated by the well- T T Is rare to find an authentic descrip- known P. W. Joyce, M.A.. LLD., M.R.I.A.. tion of the human tragedy associated whose little "History of Ireland" and with the decline of the small farm. many other works educated and en- chanted thousands of people in Ireland "Tarry Flynn" is that rarity. LOOK from about 1875 onwards. "Old Celtic Balzac's "P?asants" springs to mind as "THE COUNTRYWOMAN," by Paul flicted on her by her husband and her Romances" was first published in 1879. the beginning of the spcial process of Smith, Heinemann, 18/-. social enemies, she emerges from the The next edition. slightly revised, which "Tarry Flyn" is the end. The rural rINHERE have been many books about pages as a symbol of the cruelly oppres- appeared in 1894. and since then the money-grabbers who devoured the estate the combatants in Ireland in the sed woman, in a country where British book has been reprinted many times, of Balzac's parvenu landlord $re to be 1916, the Black and Tan period, and the colonialism made the lot of working- though only now in recent years. This is found in rural Ireland; landlordism gone tragic Civil War. In these books the class women and children more than for a well printed, nicely bound edition. The IT isn't very long Boys since I first came to this shore, they devour their weaker bretheren. issues though complex are relatively clear anyone else, one of poverty and tubercu- Talbot Press are to be congratulated for But my mind has never settled down, and I think of home the more. Tarry's weakness for writing verse makes cut, in the Tan war, Irish against Eng- losis (then incurablei. re-issuing this wonderful book. It is a Still a man must earn a living to raise a family, him into ready game for the jests and lish, in the Civil war, the left wing anti- Here, again the Irish working class classic, and contains the best translation And that is why, an Immigrant, I crossed the Irish Sea. blows of the local philistines. partititon Republicans against the right shows its ability to produce outstanding .we have of these grand old stories: over writers. Paul Smith's skill, his serious 300 pages of them, with notes to. explain There is a complex love-hate relation- wing pro-Treaty forces. In "The Country- purpose and passionate sympathy for the obscurities or strange Celtic customs, or THE FOGGY DEW ship between him and his little farm. woman" these wars form the background CHORUS: common people place him head and the meaning of Gaelic names and other There are passages descriptive of work while the action mainly involves working (Air: The Jackets Green*. shoulders above any in the "doss-house words in the text. There are fourteen that are lyrical; the creative joy of a class people in the Dublin slums who I'm an Immigrant, I'm an Immjgp-ant, and I come from a land in school of writing." He is easily the best tales, including some which may have man doing a skilled job well. Tolstoy's took no active part in the struggle, ex- S down the glen one Easter morn to a city fair rode I, the West, * novelist since Hardy. Lawrence is petty been read in other translations or para- famous "harvesting" chapter in "Anna cept to hide guns for the Republicans. Three armed lines of marching men in squadrons passed me by; and shallow beside him. Critics in Eng- phrases: "The Children of Lir," for A Yet still I hope some day to go to the Isle I love the best. Karenina" gives a glimpse of this, dimly So here also we find heroic and un- No pipe did hum, no battle drum did sound its loud tattoo, land have been quick to spot Smith's example. But many of the other stories perceived through the barrier of the heroic people, but both sides^ are Irish, But tha Angsius belt o'er the Lifley's swell rang out through the foggy writing talent, bdt the nature of the were translated afresh by Joyce for this There's many a decent Englishman, but does he really know author's landlord status. Kavanagh gives the property owners and their stooges dew. novel enables them to make a reactionary book, notably the long "Voyage of us the genuine article, with generations against the poor. It seems on reading the What his land did to my land today and long ago? use of it. Maildum." which will be a pleasant sur- cf honest work in his bones. Despite this novel that this class struggle has no con- Right proudly high over Dublin town they hung out Hie flag of war; "Have you itchy feet" ? The Sassanach says, but can he understand prise for those who have never read it. he leaves; grasping neighbours and frau- nection with the national struggle being- It is pretended that there has been no It was fritter to die 'neath an Irish sky than at Suvfa or Sud-el-Bar; That itchy were the feet of those who ravaged Ireland ? Then there is "The Pursuit of Dermat dulent lawyers break his will to survive waged at the time, that in fact it is a progress in the position of women or And front the plains of Royal Meath strong men came hurryitig through and Grania," of which this is the While Brittania's Huns, with their si*4noh guns sailed in through the as a farmer. Being expected to father private Irish matter. Such would be a against poverty and disease in forty authentic version, the one which James foggy dew. The Tory Politician will ball into your ear someone else's child is the last straw. He superficial view. years in the Republic. Perhaps this is be- Stephens, Yeats and many others used "It's time we stopped those Blacks and Paddies coming over here." gees off with his rolling stone of an The central character is the country- cause the critics do not realise it is no for their own more embellished re-telling There's a thing that he's forgotten—let someone telUhim quick uncle, whose suitcase contains, perhaps woman, Molly Baines. She marries Pat longer a stagnant British colony. It is Oh the night fell black and the rifle's crack made Perfidious Albion reel, of this wonderful story. "Wonderful" is a 'Mid the leadsn rain seven tongues of flame did shine o'er the lines of symbolically, the "Imitation of Christ." Baines. They are happy for a short time, not noticed that the first Free State Gov- That it's us who build his factories; it's our girls who nurse his sick. word one cannot help repeating for the steel; H. G. Wells' "History of the World, and then Pat's weakness for the drink and ernment was a pro Imperialist one and stories in this book. Here in its essence By each shining blade a prayer was said that to Ireland her sons be true Marx's "Capital." R.H.J. other women emerges. Molly finds her- that as soon as De Valera came to power And when morning broke still the war flag shook out its folds through So listen politician—if my land you'd left free self in the Dublin Lage with six children in 1932, the clear up of the slums began. is much of the folk-lore of a people the foggy dew. We'd labour in our own vineyards to end our poverty. and a violent drunkeh husband from Bearing in mind that "The Country- gifted in the storyteller's art. Some of the myths are lost in the remoteness of But there's a thing they call extortion—seven hundred years and more, whom there seems no escape. The parish woman" does not attempt to make clear their history, and it is with pride that an Twas England bade our Wild Geese go that small nations might be free And that is why young Irish folk sail to an alien shore. priest advises humility and resignation the political issues of the time, all adults But their lonely graves are by Suvla's waves or the fringe of the great WORTHWHILE and tells Molly it is her duty to stick by are urged to read this great novel. Irish person realises, as he or she is North Sea; her husband. A period of happiness began reading these pages, that they have been Oh had they died by Pearse*s side, or had fought with Cathal Brugha, So come all you stalwart Immigrants, and listen well to me; READING * * * I transmitted down to us, first by word of Their name* we'd keep where the Fenians sleep, 'neath the shroud of for Molly and her children when her "TEEMS OF TIMES AND HAPPY Do all you can to make our land a Nation Arm and free. husband joined thfe British Army and mouth fVOm generation to generation the foggy dew. rpHE "Irish Derilo&at" Is pertofli- RETURNS," HEINEMANN IS/-' is the B.C. and then from the seventh century For when Irishmen own Irish soil they never more will roam ' cally asked to recommend went off to the Front in France. Until auto-biography of Dominic Behan, the As in spite of all the lies they tell we'd rather stay at home. the war was over, Molly was sent a re- A.D. in writing—from before the birth of But the bravest fell and the requiem bell rang mournfully and clear reasonably priced journals and ballad singing brother of Brendan Behan, the English language—and made avail- For those who died that Eastertide in the springtime of the year, pamphlets on Irish problems. Irish gular allowance by Pat the first regular now world-famous playwright and bio- . monay she had received since their mar- able to ufi by tjie work of generations of While the world did gaze with deep amaze, at those fearless men but people who like to be well informed grapher. Dominic and R. L. Stevenson scholars long before Joyce's time. This is few should include the following in riage. Then, suddenly, when the war was have one thing in common. They both Who bore the fight that Freedom's light might shine through the foggy over, the allowance stopped, but for- a book which should be in every Irish their reading:— learned their craft by "playing the sedu- home, an unfailing joy for young and "The Irish idase Against Par- tunately there was a further period of lous ape." The influence of Joyce and THE OLD FENIAN GUN peace in Molly's tenement until the old. It makes a very beautiful gift book. tition," by Desmond Greaves, price O'Casey can be seen throughout "Teems CATHAL O'OUBH. Back through the glen I rode again, and my heart with grief was sore, Is. "Labour in Easter Week," by Spring of 1920 when Pat arrived home. of Times." In places even the great men's For I part ad then with valiant men whom I never shall see more; (Air : "The Felons of our Land") rpHhe rest of the story tells of Molly's But to and fro in my dreams I go, 4nd I kneel and pray for you, James Connolly, price 7s. 6d. "The blemishes are repeated. Like O'Casey Irish Republic," by James Connolly, ' struggle to bring up her children and Behan puts stage Irish into De Valera's Imperialism. Clowning was confined to a For slavery fled, O Glorious Dead, when you fell in the foggy dew. • T hung above the kitchen fire "I remember '67 well," price 7s. 6d, "The Workers' Re- give them a decent life despite the mouth when wanting to sweep ahead minority of O'Casey's characters. Behan He said, "when lads like me periodic invasion into their lives of a writes of the time of disillusionment REV. P. O'NEILL. Its barrel long and brown, public," by James Connolly, price through historical events. O'Casey with And one day, with a boy's desire, All thought we'd strike another 7s. 6d. "The Northern Ireland drunken, violent and insane husband years of writing behind him, could in- without understanding it, hence, his cap I climbed and took it down. blow Police State," price 6d. Because the story is told as auto- dulge in this experiment and have it and bells. To set old Ireland free. All these are available from the biography, we do not glimpse a cross- accepted, but with Mr. Behan, it sticks My father's eyes with anger flashed But broken were our golden hopes, I F he is to stick to real events, Behan Connolly Association. sectiop of Irish Society. We see the wort^ out like the proverbial sore thumb. He cried, "What have you done 7 I was long months on the run, has to show some of the virtues of the "Trade Union Information." 6d. through the eyes of Molly Baines and her Part of the author's childhood was THE BLUE HILLS OF ANTRIM I wish you'd left it where it was— But it did good work for Ireland De Valera Government. One of the per copy is available from the Irish children. The author hates bitterly and spent in a decaying but lively tenement That's my old Fenian gun." then, advances (he does not mention the THE blue hills of Antrim, I see in my dreams, Congress of Trade Unions, Lower fiercely those who oppressed Molly and house in Russell Street near the Tolka others) is the re-housing of people living Old that old Fenian gun. those who could but would not help her. riv>er. The language of the inhabitants • The high hills of Antrim, the glens and the streams; t Merrion Street, Dublin. in the very bad slums. The Behan family "The Irish Socialist," price 6d , For those rabelesian tongued neighbours shows the result of too close crowding In sunlight and shadow, in weal asd in woe, I fondled it with love and pride, "I was down then in Kilmallock— moved to a new house in Kimmage. T^ie can be obtained from New Books, and her fellow sufferers the unmarried together of different ages and sexes, The sweet vision haunts me wherever I go. I looked it o'er and o'er ; Twas the hottest fight of all, hostility of all Russell Street to the ne\y 16a Pearse Street, Dublin. mothers, the writer has a great ^compas- allowing for little privacy. As with the I placed it on my shoulder "And you see—he bared hit arm— houses (exaggerated here) shows how "The United Irishman," price 6d., sion. Although Molly lacks the strength talk in many an all-male factory the There's the mark still of the ball. little explanation and guidance from the O'er lone Lurigethan the dim shadows creep, And I marched across the floor. can be obtained from 30, Cardine to defeat or escape the slow death in- least comment on weather or work is I hone the young lads growing now Government accompanied the -re-housing. And Cooishavandalla is silent in sleep: My father's anguish softened, Place, Dublin. well sprinkled with the vocabulary of Will hold the ground we won As night's on the mountain, as sleep's on the stream, And he shared my boyish fun-^ biological functions and intimate anato- With his humour, talent for writing, And not disgrace the cause in which and lack of sentimentality Dominic My heart is in darkness, my soul Is a dream. Ah well," he said, 'tis in your breed LABOUR IN IRISH mical descriptions. Can it be wondered at I held that Fenian gun." that Behan having recreated such an Behan could make a worth-while contri- Like that old Fenian gun." —P. O'NEILL. Red dawn is at breaking, and Slemish is glad, Irish literature in HISTORY atmosphere began to over-indulge in slap- bution to studies of contemporary In emtio* to the green fields and fallows of Brad; ONNOLLY'S masterpiece was des- stick? The confused outlook of the time Ireland, provided he made a deeper study of Ireland's struggle for unity and inde- CarrlgMlly is waking from the night's dewy sleep, the wars C cribed by himself as "part of the seems in tune with the clowning. Was literature of the Gaelic revival" and was pendence, and dropped the "music-hall" And Keila's young streams with my new pulses leap. RESOLUTION condemning the not the generation O'Casey wrote about written for the most part between 1898 style of humour. A tendency of some Irish novelists and more heroic because its leaders had not and 1903, but polished up and edited Meek eve calms the rough brow of mighty Benoon, dramatists • to produce anti - national yet, been shot or tricked by British G. CURRAN. into book form during his last year in novels and plays was passed at the ljth And Oivis for sorrow looks out to the moon; Ameridh. »v Annual Conference of the Connolly As day sets on Shankill and Doonmore MacArt CONFERENCE Connolly's own claim for it is justly Association. The sweet light of memory is quenched in my heart. based on his restoring to Irish history An ideal birthday present for a "MODERN ^Moving the resolution, Mr. Gerard the conception of the clan system as As fleet as the changes on mountain and vale TRENDS IN Curran, Irish Democrat Literary Editor, founded on common owner3hip of the So fleet are my moods, and so many their tale; stated that the tendency qf tjiese artists janii. thinking man or woman I sigh with the shadow, I laugh with the shine, IRISH WRITING" was to produce work which depicted the In this he was opposed to Eoin Mac- And with Joy in the hills' heart, there's gladness in mine. Irish scene In unnecessarily pessimistic Neill, who accepted the genealogies dis- terms. Mr Curran referred to a play in credited by T. F. O'Rahilly, and who which a character who had fallen on hi* based his idea of Ireland's remote past w back spent a half-hour debating whether on the principle of "kingship." 7 it, was worth his while getting up again. It was no accident that the believer ir) CONNOLLY," Irish Democrat" Maintenance Fund British people were here, giyen a cjpgi-. •kingship" issued the countermanding « Sunday, 27th May pfetely false picture ofrlreliiW. and-the order-in 1916 which wrecked the pros^ by C. Desmond Greaves UR sincere thanks to all who have 15s.; L. Shanley. Is. 6d ; T. O'Brien, lis. Irish people themselves were being condi- pects of tho Rising; The first ever COMPLETE life story of Ireland's great O oontributed so far during 1962 to 6(1 ; F. K Mar.Cart.hy, 10s.; Mrs. K. tioned to believe that national Independ- In "tabour In Irish History" Connolly help bridge the inevitable gap between Blake, £1 15s 2d ; Manchester Headers, in London ence was not worth fighting for. shows why the representatives of the socialist republican. income and expenditure. More donations 15s 7d ; J Duggan. Is. (kl ; T Enright, Literature and the theatre instead of Irish working cl«M remained unbought welcomed! 4s.; B. Wilkinson. £1. J. Dolan, 2s 6d.; FURTHER DETAILS IN OUR MAY ISSUE being used to encourage the Irish people to the end while advooates of "kingship" By post from the Connolly Association Margaret Byrne. 5s.; Cavanman. 4s ; Mr. Muldoon. 6s; L. Daly, Is; Irish (the apotheosis of private proporty) were to struggle for full and complete Inde- 35/- post free to the address you give. WO. £1; O. Zlmmermann, 1r. Sd.; B. Democratic Club. Is. fid ; Manchester pendence were being used to the opposite the leaders of compromise. This book is Wilkinson, £1; J Guilfoyle. 2s 6d.; S Readers, lis. lOd ; C. McL.. lis. fid ; 8. —PRELIMINARY NOTICE i end. Regrets were expressed at tne mis- obtainable from the Connolly Association 1 . i j J j. -j- , i MacDonaill, 3s. (ki ; E and O. Shields, Sevitt, £1 4s.—Total, £11 9s Id. use. of .undoubted talents*. - - - - JflrtUln. »niiL lA pest Jut - JL-U-iu £ IRISH DEMOCRAT FOR IRISH WORKERS AND PA I RIOTS WITH iiSK COL'R.M TO THINK KEEP UP THE STRUGGLE
FOR IRISH FREEDOM EASTER 1916 "J"HE most important issue in front of the Irish people at home and abroad is still the ending of partition and the achievement of a united republic in which the struggle against foreign COMMEMORATION economic domination can be fought to a finish. This was the keynote of the Con- The following resolution of apprecia- return with the utmost warmth the MEETINGS nolly Association's 17th annual con- tion was carried unanimously:— heartening good wishes of the Young ference held in London on March "This conference expresses its thanks Ireland Club in Dublin, whose stand for to the Members of Parliament and a unite^.independent Ireland indicates 17th and 18th. MANCHESTER trade unionists whose welcome greet- the sole road of political and economic The resolutions printed in last month's ings have just been read. These British salvation for the people of our country. Piatt Fields "Irish Democrat" were passed unani- democrats express the rapidly-growing If only because it is primarily the young mously, and conference decided to re- Sunday, 22nd April, 3 p.m.— recognition that self-determination for who emigrate, the Connolly Association spond to the recent republican call for the Irish people as a whole is an essen- is in fact an organisation of the Irish JOSEPH DEIGHAN a great campaign of heightening national tial necessity for the forward march of youth, and for that reason we return THOMAS REDMOND consciousness by making proposals for the people of Britain. with special enthusiasm the good * * unity of action aimed at that end. wishes of young people whose thoughts GREETINGS "We also wish to thank our visitor are leading along parallel lines." The conference received messages of from Belfast for his attendance and The Irish Freedom League delegated greetings from Mr. Marcus Lipton, M.P.; two members to attend, who were wel- LIVERPOOL Mr. Leslie Lever, M.P.; the London North comed in a speech by the chairman, District Committee of the Amalgamated Pier Head President Joseph Deighan. Engineering Union; the Chiswick No. 2 ROUTE OF MARCH Sunday, 22nd April, 7.30 p.m.— branch of the A.E.U.; Mrs. Margaret Byrne (Glasgow), Mr. Tony Coughlan LONDON-LIVERPOOL ANNUAL REPORT CATH MacLAUGHLIN (Dublin), the Young Ireland Club (Dub- In his annual report Mr. Sean Red- THOMAS REDMOND lin), and the Irish Freedom League (Lon- mond, General Secretary, stated that the * * don), and had the privilege of welcoming membership of the Association had grown as a visitor Mr. W. Meek from Belfast. again over the past twelve months and was the highest since 1945. There were more branches than ever before. COVENTRY Resolutions passed called on all Irish- The Precinct men to be active in their appropriate Saturday, 21st April, 3 p.m.— Manchester C.A. trade unions, to defend Ireland's neu- trality, regretted the decision of the SEAN REDMOND Tuesdays 8 p.m. Dublin Government to introduce military PATRICK POWELL 94-96 GROSVENOR STREET, courts and reaffirming opposition to in- * * ALL SAINTS volvement in the Common Market. LECTURES & DISCUSSION BIRMINGHAM WEST LONDON Bull Ring BRANCH MEETINGS Sunday, 22nd April, 7 p.m.— MEETINGS SEAN REDMOND ON THE MARCH 8 p.m. Tuesdays SEAN KENNY Railway Inn, Goldhawk Road * * COVENTRY APRIL 10—Patrick Clancy The Precinct "THE CURRAGH MUTINY" 7.39 p.m., Monday, 9th. LONDON ANTONY COUGHLAN APRIL 17—Desmond Logan Hyde Park "ANTI-IRISH DISCRIMINATION" JOHN FITZGERALD Sunday, 22nd April, 3 p.m.— * * CENTRAL LONDON APRIL 24— R. H. W. Johnston R. ROSSITER BRANCH MEETINGS "THE EASTER RISING" DESMOND GREAVES BANBURY CROSS 8 p.m. TUESDAYS 7.30 p.m., Tuesday, 10th— 374 Grays Inn Road, W.C.1 BIRMINGHAM BRANCH PAT O'SULLIVAN SEAN REDMOND APRIL 10—G. Curran, HYDE PARK "HOW TO END "Irish Literature since 1916" Sundays 3.30 p.m. j PARTITION" SPEAKERS APRIL 17—S. Redmond, —Desmond Greaves April 8— E. McLOUGHLIN OXFORD "Story of the March" St. Giles April 15—THE MARCHERS BRISTOL STREET SCHOOLS 7.38 p.m., Wednesday, 11th— APRIL 24—Desmond Greaves, April 22—DESMOND GREAVES 3 p.m. SEAN REDMOND "Easter Week" April 29—SEAN REDMOND DESMOND GREAVES
READING Market Square GREET THE MARCHERS IN BIRMINGHAM 7.» p.m., Thursday, 12th— The Butts, 1M p.m. SATURDAY 7th APRIL SUNDAY 8th APRIL MONDAY 9th APRIL PAT O'SULLIVAN OPEN-AIR SEAN REDMOND DESMOND GREAVES CONFERENCE FILM SHOW ANTONY COUGHLAN MEETING Midland Institute "Human Rights in Chamberlain Place 8 p.m. Northern Ireland" (Behind Town Hall) SUHJGH 7.30 p.m. 2.30 p.m. THE DAWN 7.30 p.m., Friday, 13th— SEAN REDMOND Famous Republican film PAT O'SULLIVAN DIGBETH CIVIC HALL, ANTHONY COUGHLAN JOHN FITZGERALD DIGBETH DESMOND GREAVES Short addreu by SEAN REDMOND Printed by Ripley Printers Ltd. (T.U.), ALL IRISH MEN AND WOMEN 8EAN KENNY Nottingham Road, Ripley, Derbys., and INVITED published by Connolly Publications Ltd., at TOM REDMOND ADMIS8ION 2/6d. 874 Grays Inn Road, London, W.C.1. Urn