Brazing Filler Metals
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OEM Truck Maker Is First to Use Brazed Copper-Brass URAL Installs Cuprobraze Radiator-And-CAC Package in World-Class Trucks
CuproBraze® 36 EXECUTIVEReport OEM Truck Maker Is First to Use Brazed Copper-Brass URAL Installs CuproBraze Radiator-and-CAC Package in World-Class Trucks oday,URAL is unrivaled in currently meet the Euro II regulations; mean- the design and manufacture while,URAL management is looking forward to of rugged 4 × 4,6 × 6 and 8 × meeting the next stages of lower emissions stan- 8 truck models.As a leading dards.New engines and cooling systems are manufacturer of off-road being developed for highway and off-road trucks in Russia,it enjoys a trucks to meet these new requirements as well. market share of more than 70 According to Alexander Vedernikov,Technical percent for full-drive trucks; Development Manager,URAL engineers envision and 20 percent of that coun- all future designs of URAL trucks with CuproBraze Ttry’s total truck market.Additionally,URAL advanced heat exchanger technology. exports about 25 percent of its production,and it plans to enter the heavy-duty on-highway Passability, Reliability, Versatility truck market as well. High passability is a trademark of URAL trucks and a part of the company’s heritage.“Passability” First OEM to Adopt CuproBraze could be defined in terms of the truck or the URAL passed many milestones in recent years terrain.Given Russia’s vast territories and harsh on its way to becoming a world-class truck climate,the production of off-road trucks that maker.One important achievement this year can drive though extremely rough terrain is cru- was becoming the first OEM truck maker in the cial to its economy.With powerful engines and world to use CuproBraze® radiators.It now uses special driving axles,URAL trucks are engi- CuproBraze products made by SHAAZ in all of neered to withstand the most challenging off- its trucks. -
Aluminum Brazing with Non-Corrosive
Aluminium Brazing with Non-corrosive Fluxes State of the Art and Trends in NOCOLOK® Flux Technology Dr. Hans – Walter Swidersky Solvay Fluor und Derivate GmbH Hans-Boeckler-Allee 20 – 30173 Hanover, Germany Presented at the 6th International Conference on Brazing, High Temperature Brazing and Diffusion Bonding (LÖT 2001), Aachen, Germany (May 2001) – Revised Text Abstract This paper summarises the general development and the current status of aluminium brazing with non-corrosive fluxes. Based on the most common manufacturing practices, present-day brazing operations are described. Numerous improvements to aluminium brazing technology have been made in recent years. The most significant devel- opments and trends are addressed, particularly process reengineering (e.g., cleaning, flux application), cost savings (e.g., water, flux, energy), and aluminium alloy improvements (e.g., high strength, good formability, and long-life). Table of contents Success or failure in CAB production relies on several • Introduction factors. The starting point is good product fit-up. Parts 1. Cleaning and Flux Application to be metallurgically joined must have intimate contact 2. Flux Application Methods at some point along the joint. An adequate (but not 3. Wet Flux Application excessive) quantity of filler metal must be available to 4. Dry/ Electrostatic Flux Application fill the joints. Capillary forces pull the filler into the 5. Post Braze Flux Residue joints. The gap tolerance is 0.1 to 0.15 mm for non-clad 6. Filler Metal Alloys components. When clad products are used, intimate 7. Brazing Alloys and Brazing Sheet contact is recommended; the clad layer(s) will act as a 8. -
Effect of Forming Temperature and Sheet Temper on the Brazing Characteristics of Aluminum Alloy Sheet
Effect of Forming Temperature and Sheet Temper on the Brazing Characteristics of Aluminum Alloy Sheet by Michael J. Benoit A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2018 © Michael J. Benoit 2018 Examining Committee Membership The following served on the Examining Committee for this thesis. The decision of the Examining Committee is by majority vote. External Examiner DAVID WILKINSON Distinguished University Professor, McMaster University Supervisor MARY WELLS Professor, University of Waterloo Supervisor CAROLYN HANSSON Professor, University of Waterloo Internal Member NORMAN ZHOU Professor, University of Waterloo Internal Member MICHAEL WORSWICK Professor, University of Waterloo Internal-external Member ALEXANDER PENLIDIS Professor, University of Waterloo ii Author’s Declaration This thesis consists of material all of which I authored or co-authored: see Statement of Contributions included in the thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. iii Statement of Contributions The research contained within this thesis was conducted as part of a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Collaborative Research and Development grant (NSERC CRD), in collaboration with Dana Canada Corporation and CanmetMATERIALS. Furthermore, the results presented in Chapters 3 to 6 have been adapted from manuscripts which are published, or are to be published. As a result, a number of co-authors have contributed to the current work. However, all measurements which were not performed by me were conducted either under my direct supervision, or were co-ordinated by me. -
Brazing Compilation of Literature References from 1973 to 1978
OCTOBER 1979 BRAZING COMPILATION OF LITERATURE REFERENCES FROM 1973 TO 1978. BY J.C. RÖMER N et hf^rlfi rids E norqy R o soa re h \ oundation ECN does not assume any liability with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from the use of any information, apparatus, method or process disclosed in this document. Netherlands Energy Research Foundation ECN P.O. Box 1 1755 ZG Petf.n(NH) The Netherlands Telephone (0)2246 - 62».. Telex 57211 ECN-7* OCTOBER 1979 BRAZING COMPILATION OF LITERATURE REFERENCES FROM 1973 T01978. BY J.C. ROMER -2- ABSTRACT This report is a compilation of published literature on high temperature brazing covering the period 1973-1978. The references are listed alphabetically with regard to the base material or combination of base materials to be brazed. Trade names are treated as base materials. The report contains approximately 1500 references, of which 300 are to patents. KEYWORDS BRAZING BRAZING ALLOYS FILLER METALS JOINING - 3 CONTENTS ABSTRACT 1. ALUMINIUM 2. ALUMINIUM (FLVXLESS) 3. ALUMINIUM - BERYLLIUM 4. ALUMINIUM/BORON COMPOSITES 5. ALUMINIUM - COPPER 5.1. Aluminium - graphite 5.2. Aluminium - nickel alloys 5.3. Aluminium - niobium 5.4. Aluminium ~ molyldenum 5.5. Aluminium - stainless steel 5.6. Aluminium - steels 5.7. Aluminium - tantalum 5.8. Aluminium - titanium 5.9. Aluminium - tungsten 6. BERYLLIUM 7. BORONNITRIDE• 8. BRASS 8.1. Brass - aluminium 8.2. Brass - steels 9. BRONZE 9.1. Bronze - stainless steels 10. CERAMICS 10.1. Ceramics - metal - 4 - CERMETS 61 11.1. Cermets - stainless steels 62 COBALT 63 COPPER ALLOYS 64 13.1. Copper alloys - brass 68 13.2. -
Copper Alloys
THE COPPER ADVANTAGE A Guide to Working With Copper and Copper Alloys www.antimicrobialcopper.com CONTENTS I. Introduction ............................. 3 PREFACE Conductivity .....................................4 Strength ..........................................4 The information in this guide includes an overview of the well- Formability ......................................4 known physical, mechanical and chemical properties of copper, Joining ...........................................4 as well as more recent scientific findings that show copper has Corrosion ........................................4 an intrinsic antimicrobial property. Working and finishing Copper is Antimicrobial ....................... 4 techniques, alloy families, coloration and other attributes are addressed, illustrating that copper and its alloys are so Color ..............................................5 adaptable that they can be used in a multitude of applications Copper Alloy Families .......................... 5 in almost every industry, from door handles to electrical circuitry to heat exchangers. II. Physical Properties ..................... 8 Copper’s malleability, machinability and conductivity have Properties ....................................... 8 made it a longtime favorite metal of manufacturers and Electrical & Thermal Conductivity ........... 8 engineers, but it is its antimicrobial property that will extend that popularity into the future. This guide describes that property and illustrates how it can benefit everything from III. Mechanical -
ALUXCOR 4047 Aluminum Flux Cored Braze Filler Metal
TECHNICAL INFORMATION SHEET ™ ALUXCOR 4047 ALUMINUM FLUX CORED BRAZE FILLER METAL DESCRIPTION Brazing Range 1080°F- 1120°F (582°C - 605°C) Electrical Conductivity: 40 (%IACS) Aluxcor 4047 flux cored brazing wire is designed for manual and Weight in ft./lb. (0.090 dia.) 184.5 semi-automatic aluminum flame brazing. A common application is brazing HVAC aluminum components including return bends, AVAILABLE FORMS headers, tube assemblies, and distributors. The flux core eliminates the need for a separate flux application and the core Standard diameters in coils, rods, spools, and formed rings. cross section is designed to release a measured amount of flux into the capillary. This ensures good oxidation protection and SPECIFICATION COMPLIANCE suitable capillary fill by the melted aluminum metal. Metal – AWS A5.8 Classification BAlSi-4 Aluxcor 4047 is available with different flux compositions. Each ISO 17672 Code Al 112 flux chemistry and ratio is designed to provide brazing Flux – Conforms to Harris Products Group engineering standard characteristics engineered for your specific application. for cored brazing material. Formula 15.1 is a potassium fluroaluminate salt with a SAFETY INFORMATION melting range of 1049 ° - 1061° F, (564° - 572°C). WARNING: PROTECT yourself and others. Read and understand this Formulas 15.2, 15.3 and 15.4 are cesium fluoroaluminate information. blends which lower flux activity temperature and corresponding FUMES AND GASES can be hazardous to your health. brazing temperature. Inclusion of this compound also allows HEAT RAYS, (infrared radiation) from flame or hot metal can injure eyes. brazing of magnesium containing base metals like 6063. Before use, read and understand the manufacturer’s instructions, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), and your All flux core compositions are non-hygroscopic so post braze employer's safety practices. -
Soldering and Brazing of Copper and Copper Alloys Contents
Soldering and brazing of copper and copper alloys Contents 1. Introduction 4 5. Quality assurance 47 2. Material engineering fundamentals 9 6. Case studies 48 2.1. Fundamentals of copper and copper alloys 9 6.1 Hot-air solder levelling of printed circuit boards 48 2.2 Filler materials 10 6.2 Strip tinning 49 2.2.1 Soft solder 11 6.3 Fabricating heat exchangers from copper 49 2.2.2 Brazing filler metals 13 6.4 Manufacture of compact high-performance 2.3 Soldering or brazing pure copper 16 radiators from copper 49 2.4 Soldering / brazing copper alloys 18 2.4.1 Low-alloyed copper alloys 18 7. Terminology 50 2.4.2. High-alloyed copper alloys 22 8. Appendix 51 3. Design suitability for soldering/brazing 26 References 57 4. Soldering and brazing methods 29 Index of figures 58 4.1 The soldering/brazing principle 29 4.2 Surface preparation 30 Index of tables 59 4.3 Surface activation 32 4.3.1 Fluxes 33 4.3.2 Protective atmosphere / Shielding gases 35 4.4 Applying the solder or brazing filler metal 36 4.5. Soldering and brazing techniques 37 4.5.1 Soldering with soldering iron 38 4.5.2 Dip bath soldering or brazing 38 4.5.3 Flame soldering or brazing 40 4.5.4 Furnace soldering or brazing 40 4.5.5 Electric resistance soldering or brazing 43 4.5.6 Induction soldering or brazing 44 4.5.7 Electron beam brazing 45 4.5.8 Arc brazing 45 4.5.9 Laser beam soldering or brazing 46 2 | KUPFERINSTITUT.DE List of abbreviations Abbreviations Nd:YAG laser Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser SMD Surface-mounted device PVD Physical vapour deposition RoHS -
Effect of Homogenization on Recrystallization and Precipitation
Materials Transactions, Vol. 49, No. 2 (2008) pp. 250 to 259 #2008 The Japan Institute of Metals Effect of Homogenization on Recrystallization and Precipitation Behavior of 3003 Aluminum Alloy Hsin-Wen Huang, Bin-Lung Ou and Cheng-Ting Tsai Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan 320, R.O. China This investigation studies 3003 aluminum alloys for automobile heat exchangers. The effects of precipitation in homogenization treatments, recrystallization in extrusion and brazing on extrusion forming ability and final material properties are examined. At first, fine second phase particles were precipitated during the 460C Â 9 h homogenization treatment and coarse particles were precipitated by homogenization treatments with 600C Â 9 h. Second, when the precipitation were not plentiful and fine enough during extrusion, the amount of solution dominated the extrusion breakout pressure, and recrystallization was easier; on the contrary, the domination state was replaced by plentiful and fine precipitated particles, and recrystallization became more difficult. Additionally, the hardness after extrusion was lower in the complete recrystallization position, and higher in the incomplete recrystallization position. Finally, in brazing, the sample under the 460C Â 9h condition (a) underwent full recrystallization from partial recrystallization with a reduction in strength; the local position of the edge of the sample under the 600C Â 9h ! 460C Â 3 h condition (c) exhibited a second recrystallization and a significant drop in hardness. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.MRA2007615] (Received June 19, 2007; Accepted November 26, 2007; Published January 25, 2008) Keywords: 3003 aluminum alloy, homogenization, precipitation, extrusion, brazing, recrystallization, second recrystallization 1. Introduction brazing were determined. -
The Brazing Guide GH Induction Atmospheres
The Brazing Guide GH Induction Atmospheres Turnkey Heating Solutions GH Induction Atmospheres • 35 Industrial Park Circle, Rochester New York 14624 USA • Tel: 585.368.2120 • Fax: 585.368.2123 • [email protected] • www.inductionatmospheres.com The Brazing Guide Brazing is a method of joining two pieces of metal together with a third, molten filler metal. Of all the methods available for metal joining, brazing may be the most versatile. The process is relatively fast and economical, requires relatively low temperatures and is highly adaptable to automation and lean manufacturing initiatives. Brazed joints have great tensile strength – they are often stronger than the two metals being bonded together. Brazed joints repel gas and liquid, withstand vibration and shock and are unaffected by normal changes in temperature. Because the metals to be joined are not themselves melted, they are not warped or otherwise distorted and retain their original metallurgical characteristics. Use this guide to learn about the different aspects of brazing and the many advantages offered by this unique process. Brazing Overview ..............................................................................................pg 2 Topics include brazing basics, when brazing works best, heat sources for brazing and types of braze joints. Basic Procedures .......................................................................................................pg 4 Describes the basic process and offers recommendations to improve your brazing techniques. Induction Brazing ...............................................................................................pg -
Comparative Study and Performance Analysis of Copper, Aluminium and Cuprobraze Radiators Using Flow Simulation Software
International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 3 Issue 5, Sep - Oct 2017 RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Comparative Study and Performance Analysis of Copper, Aluminium and Cuprobraze Radiators Using Flow Simulation Software R.K Jaya kumar 1, T.Ashokkumar 2 1 & 2Assistant Professors, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore 22, India [email protected] Abstract Cooling system in an automotive vehicle plays an important role in the engine performance. It dissipates excessive heat and maintains the performance of an engine at an optimum level. Size of the radiator mainly depends on heat load and availability of space. In this paper, an attempt has been made to examine the performance of radiators namely copper, aluminium and Cuprobraze employed in various commercial vehicles. Specifications of copper radiator and validation of numerical analysis were identified. After modifying the material properties of a radiator, performance analysis have been carried out using fluid flow software, which is fully integrated in solidworks for computing fluid flows. The result obtained from the analysis is commendable and this method may be taken as an effective approach for the prediction of heat transfer in radiators. Though aluminium has noted to perform better than copper and Cuprobraze, but it has limitations such as irreparability, non recyclability. This paper proposes an alternative solution for existing aluminium radiator with suitable cuprobraze radiator to provide required cooling -
Technical Innovations a Clock Speed of 20 Mhz
Operator panels take all you’ve got In the world of equipment control, tasks are becom- ing ever more complex, which has a lot to do with the growing popularity of CAN bus in mobile con- struction, agricultural, and industrial equipment. With transmission speeds from 100 kB/s to 1 MB/s with high data integrity, CAN bus allows easy control and monitor of machines, equipment racks, and at- tached ancillary equipment. To enable vehicle operators to see a clear display of the data transmitted on the bus, Wachendorff has developed the OPUS A1 and A2 operator panels. Using a TFT (thin fi lm transistor) display and function keys, all the relevant data for the machine compo- Compact operator panels from Wachendorff work Easy to operate with a multitude of possible applications, with CAN bus to allow agricultural modern tractors and other off-highway for fast programming, equipment rely on rugged operator panels. production data acquisition, and data processing is via a 16-bit Siemens processor with visualization of data. technical innovations a clock speed of 20 MHz. Internal memory is available (All images courtesy of Wachendorff.) in the form of 1 MB fl ash for BIOS, 4 MB fl ash for project data, and 512 kB SRAM and 32 kB EEPROM. The portable SD (secure digital) memory cards elim- inate the need to write to the operator panel’s ROM chip via software and a PC, as the update can be car- ried out in the fi eld. The capacity of the memory card depends on the user profi le, including GPS position data, operating time, and parameters specifi c to the unit such as sensor data, which all can be stored on the card at intervals defi ned by the user. -
Brazing Student Guide
STUDENT GUIDE DISCLAIMER This reference material is intended as collateral support for this course. This material has been assembled as part of a comprehensive training program in order to provide a common base of technical knowledge for the class participant. This material is not intended for use as a field operating manual nor is it intended as a substitute for any process instruction or standard operating or company safety procedures. The sample content of this notebook represents the information available from companies that provide brazing and cast iron repairs. ESW, Inc. assumes no liability for its accuracy, completeness or contents. 2 Tabs & Table of Contents 1 Safety 2 Tensile testing terms 3 Guidelines for welding cast iron 4 Types of cast iron 5 Welding of cast iron 6 Expansion & Contraction 7 Pre-heating & welding procedures 8 Torch tip size charts 9 Troubleshooting Victor torches 10 Guide to Oxy-Acetylene welding equipment 11 The Braze Book 12 Ref. 3 SAFETY The following is a list of some safety items that should be followed when using an Oxy- Acetylene outfit. 1. Never use Acetylene gas at a pressure over 15 psig. 2. Never use damaged equipment. 3. Never use oil or grease on or around Oxygen equipment. 4. Never use Oxygen or fuel gas to blow dirt or dust off clothing or equipment. 5. Never light a torch with matches or a lighter. Always use a striker. 6. When opening a Oxygen or fuel cylinder valve, always crack it open first. 7. Always make sure regulators have their adjusting screws released by turning them counter clockwise till free before opening cylinder valves.