Effect of Homogenization on Recrystallization and Precipitation
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Extrusion.Pdf
Extrusion: Second Edition Copyright © 2006 ASM International® M. Bauser, G. Sauer, K. Siegert, editors, p 195-321 All rights reserved. DOI:10.1361/exse2006p195 www.asminternational.org CHAPTER 5 The Production of Extruded Semifinished Products from Metallic Materials* THE HOT-WORKING PROCESS extrusion ered to be the most important of the hot-working is, in contrast to other compressive deformation processes. processes used to produce semifinished prod- ucts, a deformation process with pure compres- sive forces in all three force directions. These favorable deformation conditions do not exist in other production processes for semifinished products. Even in rolling, which is the most im- Extrusion of Materials with portant compressive working process for pro- ducing semifinished products, tensile forces oc- Working Temperatures cur in the acceleration zone of the roll gap as between 0 and 300 ЊC well as in the cross rolling process used to pierce blanks in the rolling of steel tubes. These Gu¨nther Sauer* tensile forces cause problems in the rolled prod- uct if the deformation conditions are not opti- mized. The benefits of this three-dimensional compression in terms of deformation technol- 5.1 Extrusion of Semifinished ogy, which have already been discussed in this Products in Tin Alloys book, can be clearly seen in Fig. 5.1 based on experimental results for face-centred cubic (fcc) Tin is a silver-white, very soft metal with a aluminum and zinc with its hexagonal lattice stable tetragonal lattice in the temperature range structure. 20 to 161 ЊC. The pure metal has a density of The extensive variations in the extrusion pro- 7.28 g/cm3 and a melting point of 232 ЊC. -
Aluminum Brazing with Non-Corrosive
Aluminium Brazing with Non-corrosive Fluxes State of the Art and Trends in NOCOLOK® Flux Technology Dr. Hans – Walter Swidersky Solvay Fluor und Derivate GmbH Hans-Boeckler-Allee 20 – 30173 Hanover, Germany Presented at the 6th International Conference on Brazing, High Temperature Brazing and Diffusion Bonding (LÖT 2001), Aachen, Germany (May 2001) – Revised Text Abstract This paper summarises the general development and the current status of aluminium brazing with non-corrosive fluxes. Based on the most common manufacturing practices, present-day brazing operations are described. Numerous improvements to aluminium brazing technology have been made in recent years. The most significant devel- opments and trends are addressed, particularly process reengineering (e.g., cleaning, flux application), cost savings (e.g., water, flux, energy), and aluminium alloy improvements (e.g., high strength, good formability, and long-life). Table of contents Success or failure in CAB production relies on several • Introduction factors. The starting point is good product fit-up. Parts 1. Cleaning and Flux Application to be metallurgically joined must have intimate contact 2. Flux Application Methods at some point along the joint. An adequate (but not 3. Wet Flux Application excessive) quantity of filler metal must be available to 4. Dry/ Electrostatic Flux Application fill the joints. Capillary forces pull the filler into the 5. Post Braze Flux Residue joints. The gap tolerance is 0.1 to 0.15 mm for non-clad 6. Filler Metal Alloys components. When clad products are used, intimate 7. Brazing Alloys and Brazing Sheet contact is recommended; the clad layer(s) will act as a 8. -
Effect of Forming Temperature and Sheet Temper on the Brazing Characteristics of Aluminum Alloy Sheet
Effect of Forming Temperature and Sheet Temper on the Brazing Characteristics of Aluminum Alloy Sheet by Michael J. Benoit A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2018 © Michael J. Benoit 2018 Examining Committee Membership The following served on the Examining Committee for this thesis. The decision of the Examining Committee is by majority vote. External Examiner DAVID WILKINSON Distinguished University Professor, McMaster University Supervisor MARY WELLS Professor, University of Waterloo Supervisor CAROLYN HANSSON Professor, University of Waterloo Internal Member NORMAN ZHOU Professor, University of Waterloo Internal Member MICHAEL WORSWICK Professor, University of Waterloo Internal-external Member ALEXANDER PENLIDIS Professor, University of Waterloo ii Author’s Declaration This thesis consists of material all of which I authored or co-authored: see Statement of Contributions included in the thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. iii Statement of Contributions The research contained within this thesis was conducted as part of a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Collaborative Research and Development grant (NSERC CRD), in collaboration with Dana Canada Corporation and CanmetMATERIALS. Furthermore, the results presented in Chapters 3 to 6 have been adapted from manuscripts which are published, or are to be published. As a result, a number of co-authors have contributed to the current work. However, all measurements which were not performed by me were conducted either under my direct supervision, or were co-ordinated by me. -
Brazing Compilation of Literature References from 1973 to 1978
OCTOBER 1979 BRAZING COMPILATION OF LITERATURE REFERENCES FROM 1973 TO 1978. BY J.C. RÖMER N et hf^rlfi rids E norqy R o soa re h \ oundation ECN does not assume any liability with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from the use of any information, apparatus, method or process disclosed in this document. Netherlands Energy Research Foundation ECN P.O. Box 1 1755 ZG Petf.n(NH) The Netherlands Telephone (0)2246 - 62».. Telex 57211 ECN-7* OCTOBER 1979 BRAZING COMPILATION OF LITERATURE REFERENCES FROM 1973 T01978. BY J.C. ROMER -2- ABSTRACT This report is a compilation of published literature on high temperature brazing covering the period 1973-1978. The references are listed alphabetically with regard to the base material or combination of base materials to be brazed. Trade names are treated as base materials. The report contains approximately 1500 references, of which 300 are to patents. KEYWORDS BRAZING BRAZING ALLOYS FILLER METALS JOINING - 3 CONTENTS ABSTRACT 1. ALUMINIUM 2. ALUMINIUM (FLVXLESS) 3. ALUMINIUM - BERYLLIUM 4. ALUMINIUM/BORON COMPOSITES 5. ALUMINIUM - COPPER 5.1. Aluminium - graphite 5.2. Aluminium - nickel alloys 5.3. Aluminium - niobium 5.4. Aluminium ~ molyldenum 5.5. Aluminium - stainless steel 5.6. Aluminium - steels 5.7. Aluminium - tantalum 5.8. Aluminium - titanium 5.9. Aluminium - tungsten 6. BERYLLIUM 7. BORONNITRIDE• 8. BRASS 8.1. Brass - aluminium 8.2. Brass - steels 9. BRONZE 9.1. Bronze - stainless steels 10. CERAMICS 10.1. Ceramics - metal - 4 - CERMETS 61 11.1. Cermets - stainless steels 62 COBALT 63 COPPER ALLOYS 64 13.1. Copper alloys - brass 68 13.2. -
HYDRON-UNIPRESS, Ltd
HYDRON-UNIPRESS, Ltd. Manufacturer of the equipment for the tin/lead industry ul. Wólczańska 257, 93-035 Łódź, Poland fax:+4842-684 75 06, tel.: +4842-640 25 46 [email protected] www.hydrononline.com REMARK : Hydron-Unipress, Ltd., of Lódz , Poland, is a corporation organized and existing under the laws of Poland. All information presented in this paper should be considered as an offer for further discussion and negotiation between all concerned parties on the principle of equality and mutual benefit. The technical data given in this offer may undergo modification as a result of technical improvements. Hydron-Unipress, Ltd. (fax +4842-847-506, tel. +4842-402-546(7))_________________________________Production Program OFFER'S SCOPE If your desire is to start your own manufacturing program in the field of solder making business the HYDRON-UNIPRESS Ltd. is happy to offer you : COMPLETE TECHNOLOGICAL LINE for manufacturing of FLUX CORED and SOLID SOLDER BARS, ANODES and WIRES starting from the process of solder alloy preparation and with an annual output of 200ton, 400ton or more HiTech, specialized, INDIVIDUAL EQUIPMENT for manufacturing of FLUX CORED and SOLID FINE and ULTRAFINE SOLDER WIRES from 0.118"/3.0mm down to 0.002"/0.05mm in diameter for electronic, microelectronic, electromechanic, automotive and lighting industries, non-toxic, LEAD-FREE SOLDERS for drink water piping soldering, LEAD PROFILES for stained-glass windows and Tiffany art, ANODES and BARS for galvanic bath and wave soldering, and many others applications Participation in JOINT VENTURES for solder making business Any other form of COOPERATION desired being of the mutual interest. -
Extrusion Blow Molding ___Fiberg
Woman Owned Small Busines • ITAR Certified 710 South Patrick Drive • Satellite Beach, Florida 32937 321.536.2611 • [email protected] • www.rapidps.com ABS • POLYCARBONATE • POLYPHENYLSULFONE • ULTEM ADVANCED APPLICATIONS _____________________________ RTV MOLDS __________________________ Parts produced can be used in lots of different manufacturing applications. Parts built using RPS provide the fast, accurate and af- Parts can be painted, electroplated and drilled. They can also be used in ad- fordable patterns that drive RTV molding. By replacing vanced applications such as investment castings, RTV molding and sand cast- machined patterns, the entire process can be com- ing. Each application includes the benefits to using an RPS part with detailed pleted in 2-3 days. And unlike machining, complex instructions. and intricate shapes have no effect on the time or cost for the RPS pattern. ELECTROPLATING ____________________ Electroplating deposits a thin layer of metal on the RTV MOLDING SOLUBLE CORE _________ surface of a part built. This improves the part’s me- Complex geometries normally requiring core removal chanical properties and gives the appearance of pro- such as curved hoses, water tanks, bottles, and arterial duction metal or plated parts and provides a hard, structures are good examples where it may be helpful wear-resistant surface with reflective properties. to use this alternative method. Instead of building the core in thermoplastic material (traditional RPS build EXTRUSION BLOW MOLDING __________ process) the mold is built in the Water Soluble sup- Polycarbonate RPS molds are used in the blow port material making it easy to dissolve away the mate- molding process, reducing lead time and expense. -
ALUXCOR 4047 Aluminum Flux Cored Braze Filler Metal
TECHNICAL INFORMATION SHEET ™ ALUXCOR 4047 ALUMINUM FLUX CORED BRAZE FILLER METAL DESCRIPTION Brazing Range 1080°F- 1120°F (582°C - 605°C) Electrical Conductivity: 40 (%IACS) Aluxcor 4047 flux cored brazing wire is designed for manual and Weight in ft./lb. (0.090 dia.) 184.5 semi-automatic aluminum flame brazing. A common application is brazing HVAC aluminum components including return bends, AVAILABLE FORMS headers, tube assemblies, and distributors. The flux core eliminates the need for a separate flux application and the core Standard diameters in coils, rods, spools, and formed rings. cross section is designed to release a measured amount of flux into the capillary. This ensures good oxidation protection and SPECIFICATION COMPLIANCE suitable capillary fill by the melted aluminum metal. Metal – AWS A5.8 Classification BAlSi-4 Aluxcor 4047 is available with different flux compositions. Each ISO 17672 Code Al 112 flux chemistry and ratio is designed to provide brazing Flux – Conforms to Harris Products Group engineering standard characteristics engineered for your specific application. for cored brazing material. Formula 15.1 is a potassium fluroaluminate salt with a SAFETY INFORMATION melting range of 1049 ° - 1061° F, (564° - 572°C). WARNING: PROTECT yourself and others. Read and understand this Formulas 15.2, 15.3 and 15.4 are cesium fluoroaluminate information. blends which lower flux activity temperature and corresponding FUMES AND GASES can be hazardous to your health. brazing temperature. Inclusion of this compound also allows HEAT RAYS, (infrared radiation) from flame or hot metal can injure eyes. brazing of magnesium containing base metals like 6063. Before use, read and understand the manufacturer’s instructions, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), and your All flux core compositions are non-hygroscopic so post braze employer's safety practices. -
Soldering and Brazing of Copper and Copper Alloys Contents
Soldering and brazing of copper and copper alloys Contents 1. Introduction 4 5. Quality assurance 47 2. Material engineering fundamentals 9 6. Case studies 48 2.1. Fundamentals of copper and copper alloys 9 6.1 Hot-air solder levelling of printed circuit boards 48 2.2 Filler materials 10 6.2 Strip tinning 49 2.2.1 Soft solder 11 6.3 Fabricating heat exchangers from copper 49 2.2.2 Brazing filler metals 13 6.4 Manufacture of compact high-performance 2.3 Soldering or brazing pure copper 16 radiators from copper 49 2.4 Soldering / brazing copper alloys 18 2.4.1 Low-alloyed copper alloys 18 7. Terminology 50 2.4.2. High-alloyed copper alloys 22 8. Appendix 51 3. Design suitability for soldering/brazing 26 References 57 4. Soldering and brazing methods 29 Index of figures 58 4.1 The soldering/brazing principle 29 4.2 Surface preparation 30 Index of tables 59 4.3 Surface activation 32 4.3.1 Fluxes 33 4.3.2 Protective atmosphere / Shielding gases 35 4.4 Applying the solder or brazing filler metal 36 4.5. Soldering and brazing techniques 37 4.5.1 Soldering with soldering iron 38 4.5.2 Dip bath soldering or brazing 38 4.5.3 Flame soldering or brazing 40 4.5.4 Furnace soldering or brazing 40 4.5.5 Electric resistance soldering or brazing 43 4.5.6 Induction soldering or brazing 44 4.5.7 Electron beam brazing 45 4.5.8 Arc brazing 45 4.5.9 Laser beam soldering or brazing 46 2 | KUPFERINSTITUT.DE List of abbreviations Abbreviations Nd:YAG laser Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser SMD Surface-mounted device PVD Physical vapour deposition RoHS -
Virtual Manufacturing on the Web: Extrusion Die Design
VIRTUAL MANUFACTURING ON THE WEB: EXTRUSION DIE DESIGN A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Fritz J. and Dolores H. Russ College of Engineering and Technology Ohio University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirement for the Degree Master of Science Sripada Shivananda August 1998 Acknowledgment I wish to express my sincere thanks to my advisor, Dr. Bhavin Mehta, for his valuable advice and providing me with the information and the facilities required for the thesis. I would also like to thank my wife for her constant encouragement and support during the completion of this thesis. Sripada Shivananda August 1998 Table of Contents Table of Contents ........................................................................................................ i List of Figures .............................................................................................................. iv List of Tables ......................................................................................................................v INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................1 1.1 Overview ................................................................................................................1 1.2 Internet ..................................................................................................................2 1.3 Virtual Manufacturing .........................................................................................2 1.4 Virtual Reality .......................................................................................................4 -
Aluminum Extrusion Quality for Anodizing Characteristic
Aluminum Extrusion Quality for Anodizing Characteristic IHAA 17th Technical Symposium Jerome Fourmann – September 19-21, 2018 – Seattle, WA Proprietary Statement The following information is the property of Alcan Primary Products Company LLC, a member of the Rio Tinto companies (collectively "Rio Tinto"). This information is being provided to the attendees of the 17th Technical Symposium by IHAA under a limited right and license to use said information in furtherance of a business relationship with Rio Tinto. Rio Tinto makes no representations or warranties to the attendees of the 17th Technical Symposium in relation to the information contained herein and shall have no liability for 1) any actions taken by reliance on such information; or 2) any actions taken by any individuals or entities who attendees of the 17th Technical Symposium chooses to share said information with. 2018 Rio Tinto – September 2018 17th Technical Symposium – 19-21 September, 2018 – Seattle, WA © Rio Tinto 2018 “As pioneers in mining and metals, we produce materials essential to human progress.” Commercial 3 © Rio Tinto 2017 Rio Tinto - An integrated aluminium supplier 44 Mt 8 Mt Secured 3.6 Mt In 60 power countries 05 Bauxite mines 04 Alumina refineries 08 Power stations 19 Aluminium casthouses 550 Customers 17th Technical Symposium – 19-21 September, 2018 – Seattle, WA 4 © Rio Tinto 2018 Outline Aluminum alloys Alloys selection 1. 2. Extrusion process Defects 3. 4. 17th Technical Symposium – 19-21 September, 2018 – Seattle, WA 5 © Rio Tinto 2018 Designation System -
Metal Extrusion and Drawing Processes and Equipment
Hail University College of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Metal Extrusion and Drawing Processes and Equipment Ch 15 Metal Extrusion and Drawing Extrusion and drawing involve, respectively, pushing or pulling a material through a die basically for the purpose of reducing or changing its cross-sectional area. Extrusion and drawing have numerous applications in the manufacture of continuous as well as discrete products from a wide variety of metals and alloys. In extrusion, a cylindrical billet is forced through a die in a manner similar to squeezing toothpaste from a tube or extruding Play-Doh ,in various cross sections in a toy press. Metal Extrusion Typical products made by extrusion are railings for sliding doors, window frames, tubing having various cross sections, aluminum ladder frames, and numerous structural and architectural shapes. Extrusions can be cut into desired lengths, which then become discrete parts, such as brackets, gears, and coat hangers Commonly extruded materials are aluminum, copper, steel, magnesium, and lead; other metals Depending on the ductility of the material, extrusion is carried out at room or elevated temperatures. Extrusion at room temperature often is combined with forging operations, in which case it generally is known as cold Extrusions and examples of products made by extrusion sectioning off extrusions Drawing In drawing, the cross section of solid rod, wire, or tubing is reduced or changed in shape by pulling it through a die. Drawn rods are used for shafts, spindles, and small pistons and as the raw material for fasteners (such as rivets, bolts, and screws). In addition to round rods, various profiles can be drawn. -
The Brazing Guide GH Induction Atmospheres
The Brazing Guide GH Induction Atmospheres Turnkey Heating Solutions GH Induction Atmospheres • 35 Industrial Park Circle, Rochester New York 14624 USA • Tel: 585.368.2120 • Fax: 585.368.2123 • [email protected] • www.inductionatmospheres.com The Brazing Guide Brazing is a method of joining two pieces of metal together with a third, molten filler metal. Of all the methods available for metal joining, brazing may be the most versatile. The process is relatively fast and economical, requires relatively low temperatures and is highly adaptable to automation and lean manufacturing initiatives. Brazed joints have great tensile strength – they are often stronger than the two metals being bonded together. Brazed joints repel gas and liquid, withstand vibration and shock and are unaffected by normal changes in temperature. Because the metals to be joined are not themselves melted, they are not warped or otherwise distorted and retain their original metallurgical characteristics. Use this guide to learn about the different aspects of brazing and the many advantages offered by this unique process. Brazing Overview ..............................................................................................pg 2 Topics include brazing basics, when brazing works best, heat sources for brazing and types of braze joints. Basic Procedures .......................................................................................................pg 4 Describes the basic process and offers recommendations to improve your brazing techniques. Induction Brazing ...............................................................................................pg