Another Case of Language Death? the Intergenerational Transmission Of

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Another Case of Language Death? the Intergenerational Transmission Of Another case of language death? The intergenerational transmission of Catalan in Alghero Enrico Chessa Thesis submitted for the qualification of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Queen Mary, University of London 2011 1 The work presented in this thesis is the candidate’s own. 2 for Fregenet 3 Table of Contents Abstract .................................................................................................................................... 8 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. 9 Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................... 11 List of Figures ........................................................................................................................ 12 List of Tables ......................................................................................................................... 15 Chapter 1: Introduction .......................................................................................................... 17 1.1 Scope of the thesis ........................................................................................................... 17 1.1.1 Preliminary remarks .................................................................................................. 17 1.1.2 This study and the language shift paradigm .............................................................. 25 1.1.3 An ethnography of language shift ............................................................................. 28 1.2 Basic concepts .................................................................................................................. 29 1.2.1 Linguistic contact and minority languages in Europe ............................................... 29 1.2.2 Language contact in Alghero .................................................................................... 32 1.2.3 From language contact to language shift .................................................................. 34 1.2.3.1 Societal bilingualism .......................................................................................... 34 1.2.3.2 Prestige and solidarity ........................................................................................ 35 1.2.3.3 Language shift .................................................................................................... 39 1.3 Aims and objectives of the study ..................................................................................... 41 Chapter 2: The context ........................................................................................................... 44 2.1 The socio-geographical context ....................................................................................... 45 2.1.1 Alghero and its territory ............................................................................................ 45 2.1.1.1 Fertilia: a linguistic enclave ............................................................................... 48 2.1.2 Alghero: a multilingual community .......................................................................... 49 2.1.3 Alghero: its origins ................................................................................................... 50 2.2 Socio-demographic information ...................................................................................... 51 2.2.1 Migration................................................................................................................... 52 2.3 Socio-economic changes .................................................................................................. 53 2.3.1 Urban expansion and social networks ....................................................................... 54 2.4 The socio-historical context ............................................................................................. 57 2.4.1 The Catalan conquest ................................................................................................ 57 2.4.2 The conquest of Alghero ........................................................................................... 59 2.5 The emergence of Alguerès as a new variety of Catalan ................................................. 61 2.6 The emergence of the Italian nation-state ........................................................................ 65 Chapter 3: Literature review .................................................................................................. 68 4 3.1 The bilingual family and children’s linguistic development ............................................ 68 3.2 Intergenerational language transmission and language shift............................................ 71 3.3 Research in Alghero ......................................................................................................... 82 3.3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 82 3.3.2 Some preliminary considerations .............................................................................. 83 3.3.3 Early linguistic and sociolinguistic analyses ............................................................ 89 3.3.3.1 First sociolinguistic considerations on language shift ....................................... 89 3.3.3.2 Some salient linguistic studies ........................................................................... 91 3.3.4 Sociolinguistic analysis in the last thirty years ......................................................... 92 3.3.4.1 Early sociolinguistic research ............................................................................ 93 3.3.4.2 EULAL .............................................................................................................. 94 3.3.4.3 Other sociolinguistic studies .............................................................................. 95 3.3.5 Other sociolinguistic analyses ................................................................................... 98 Chapter 4: Theoretical frame ............................................................................................... 102 4.1 Linguistic contact: causes and consequences ................................................................. 102 4.1.1 The causes ............................................................................................................... 102 4.1.2 The outcomes .......................................................................................................... 103 4.1.2.1 Linguistic and sociological outcomes .............................................................. 103 4.2 Bilingualism and language shift ..................................................................................... 106 4.2.1 Societal and individual bilingualism ....................................................................... 106 4.2.2 Stable and unstable bilingualism ............................................................................. 108 4.2.3 Transitional bilingualism ........................................................................................ 110 4.2.4 From predominant use of Catalan to predominant use of Italian ............................ 111 4.3 Intergenerational language transmission ........................................................................ 112 4.3.1 Mixed language marriages ...................................................................................... 112 4.3.2 Factors responsible for language choice ................................................................. 116 4.3.2.1 Linguistic competence ..................................................................................... 116 4.3.2.2 Social networks ................................................................................................ 116 4.3.2.3 Motivations ...................................................................................................... 121 4.4 Macro-social factors and language shift ........................................................................ 124 4.4.1 The role of the mind ................................................................................................ 126 4.4.1.1 Languages and meaning ................................................................................... 128 4.4.1.2 Linguistic hierarchies ....................................................................................... 129 4.4.2 The emergence of nation-states ............................................................................... 131 4.4.2.1 Socio-economic factors .................................................................................... 133 5 4.4.2.2 Socio-political factors ...................................................................................... 135 4.4.3 Standard languages ................................................................................................. 137 4.4.3.1 The case of Italy ............................................................................................... 139 4.5 Norms of language use ................................................................................................... 140 Chapter 5: Methodology ...................................................................................................... 144 5.1 Empirical research ........................................................................................................
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