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A Dynamic Leadership of Rajendra Narayan Bhanjadeo of Kanika

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A Dynamic Leadership of Rajendra Narayan Bhanjadeo of Kanika Odisha Review ISSN 0970-8669 Formation of Separate Province of Odisha : A Dynamic Leadership of Rajendra Narayan Bhanjadeo of Kanika Manoj Kumar Sahoo Right from the establishment of Utkal Samillani The present state Odisha was scattered (Utkal Union Conference) in 1903 to the into different parts of India before independence. formation of Odisha1 as a separate province many There was no clear-cut geographical boundary nationalist leaders, kings and zamindars were of Odisha, except her name in pen and paper. fighting both against British colonial government Further, for the administrative and revenue and Indian leaders for the amalgamation of Odia- convenience the British colonial Government speaking tracts into a separate province of placed Odisha under different presidencies. Some Odisha. Rajendra Narayan Bhanja Deo, the of the people also tried to destroy her language; King of Kanika, 2 was one among them. He had stating that ‘Odia is not a language but purely a dedicated his life, like Madhusudan Das and dialect’. It became a great headache of Gopabandhu Das, for the all-round development Madhusudan Das, a great patriot of Odisha. He of Odisha. He was born in a royal family of Aul, tried to merge different parts of Odia-speaking in the erstwhile sub-division of Kendrapara on tracts into a separate province. In order to achieve 24 March 1881 and was adopted to Kanika royal the well-thought out purpose, he tried to fulfill his family in 1896. After completing his schooling grievances through the Indian National Congress career from Ravenshaw Collegiate School, he and became an active member of Congress. He had also given different memorandums to Indian went to Ravenshaw College for graduation. Then Nation Congress. But the Congress was busy for he sailed to London for law degree. He ascended the national issues; avoiding the regional ones. So, to the throne of Kanika in 1902. At once, he was due to the contradictory policy with the leaders a veteran leader, a true patriot, a nationalist, a of Indian National Congress, Madhusudan Das first line leader of Odia Movement, a benevolent withdrew from the Congress in 1902.4 Sharing ruler, a philanthropist, co-founder of Utkal Union the same view with other leaders like Rajendra Conference and a good friend and disciple of Narayana Bhanja Deo, Madhusudan Das decided 3 Madhusudan Das. He died in 1948. He had to form a regional association to work for the played a very significant role for the formation of cause of Odisha, outside from National Congress. separate province of Odisha. So, this paper At the instance of Madhusudan Das, a meeting attempts to explore his pioneering contribution for was convened at the Kanika courtyard on 25 the formation of Odisha as a separate province in October 1903.5 In this meeting, it was decided to the year 1936. form Utkal Sammilani (Utkal Union April - 2016 47 ISSN 0970-8669 Odisha Review Conference) in December 1903. The first aim of speaking people of Berhampur and the Utkal Union Conference was to campaign for Vishakhapatanam were suffering from linguistic the unification of the States of Odisha. Along with minority and also exploited by the Government Madhusudan Das, Rajendra Narayan Bhanja of Madras Presidency. So, at the instance of Deo, the King of Kanika too became an important Rajendra Narayana Bhanja Deo, the fourth member as well as the co-founder of Utkal Union session of the Utkal Union Conference was held Conference. And he was fully associated till the on 26th December 1906 at Berhampur and he formation of separate State Orissa in spite of was made to preside over the meeting. In his some ups and downs inside the Conference. It presidential address he had emphasized the has been said that, the Utkal Union Conference problems of Odisha like agriculture, trade and was the brain child of Madhusudan Das and was commerce, industry, education, women nurtured in the lap of the Kanika chief Rajendra education, and so on. In addition, the resolution Narayan Bhanja Deo.6 He also provided fund for was also passed to spread the very idea of Utkal the management of Utkal Union Conference and Union Conference at the grass roots level at his for Odia Movement.7 It can be said that ‘without instance. After the session was over, he sailed to his active participation and contribution the Odia England taking the grievances of the people of movement for separate province could not have Ganjam.9 been materialized.’ The new province of Bihar and Odisha From the very inception of Utkal Union came into existence on 1 April 1912. In order to Conference, Madhusudan Das wanted to run the province a Legislative Council of Bihar decentralize the power and work of the Utkal and Odisha was constituted that comprised 21 Union Conference into four of his honest persons. members (both elected and nominated). Raja Among them Rajendra Narayana Bhanja Deo was Rajendra Narayan Bhanj Deo was elected to the the close associate of Madhusudan Das. It can council from the landlords’ constituency of be said that, the king of Kanika had good Odisha.10 The people of Odisha were not satisfied relationship with British Government. So, it may with the tag of Odisha in Bihar in 1912, their be presumed that, Madhusudan Das might be dissatisfaction took a concrete shape in aware that without the support of British December 1916 when the twelfth annual session Government, it will be a daydream to make of the Utkal Union Conference at Balasore Odisha as a separate province. That’s why he formed a committee of seven members ‘with a encouraged Rajendra Narayana Bhanja Deo to view to collecting materials and carrying on keep good relationship with British Government.8 continuous executive work of the Odia-speaking The first session of Utkal Union Conference was tracts throughout the years’. The Committee held on 30th and 31st of December 1903. In that consisted of Madhusudan Das, Raja Rajendra session, he was one of the members of the Narayan Bhanj Deo, Harihar Panda, Brajasundar standing committee, and the president of managing Das, Gopabandhu Das, Sudam Charan Naik and committee. He delivered emotional inaugural Raja of Seregarh (Ganjam). The Committee speech to the gathering, for the purpose of injecting prepared an address with a memorandum of Odia patriotism into people's mind. Besides that, arguments, and a statement and a map of the Odia he donated five hundred rupees in the first session tracts.11 The Committee presented them before of the Utkal Union Conference. The Odia the E.S. Montague, the Secretary of State for 48 April - 2016 Odisha Review ISSN 0970-8669 India, and Lord Chelmsford, the Governor indicated in the Montford Report was persuaded General at Calcutta on 11 December 1917. both in the Legislative Council. Madhusudan Das Besides that, Raja Rajendra Narayan Bhanj Deo raised the question in the Bihar- Odisha Legislative and Madhusudan Das paid a private visit to the Council in 1919 and the Raja of Kanika [Rajendra E.S. Montague, Secretary of State for the same Narayana Bhanjadeo] interpolated the in December 1911. Raja Rajendra Narayan Government of India in the Imperial Legislative Bhanj Deo narrated the problems of Odia in Council on the subject in 1919. Sachidananda different regions of India and justified the Sinha brought the resolution on the matter in the formation of a separate state before the Secretary Legislative Council of India on 20 February 1920. of State.12 The resolution wanted that a mixed committee of non-officials and officials should be appointed ‘to In last couple of years in the second formulate a scheme for the amalgamation of the decades of twentieth century, rift started between Odia-speaking tracts at present administered or moderate nationalist of first generation and the so controlled by the Governments of Madras, Bengal called ‘Satyabadi Group’ of second generation and Central Provinces with the existing Odisha of the members of the Utkal Union Conference. division of the provinces of Bihar and Odisha. So, towards the end of 1918 Madhusudan Das On 20 February 1920, Rajendra Narayana announced his retirement from Utkal Union Bhanjadeo strongly supported the motion. He Conference, soon after Braja Sundar Das, the pointed out that it was a question which concerned closest follower of M.S. Das and the secretary the very vital needs and aspirations of about eleven of the Utkal Union Conference also resigned. millions of people. Unless the problem was Madhubabu attributed the Utkal Union satisfactorily solved, the people would remain Conference to utter physical exhaustion.13 In that dissatisfied. The Government of India promised situation; all the responsibility of Utkal Union an enquiry into the matter. The government Conference was taken by Rajendra Narayana constituted a committee of enquiry known as Bhanja Deo till the next session. In 1919, the Utkal Philip-Duff enquiry committee came to Ganjam Union Conference session was held at Puri which for investigating the amalgamation of this Odia- was presided over by Chandrasekhar Behera. In speaking area to Odisha and later accepted it. that session a provision was made to meet the Again he was elected to the new council of Bihar Viceroy of India regarding the cause of Odias and and Odisha, from Zamindars’ constituency in the responsibility was given to Rajendra Narayana December 1920.15 Bhanja Deo.14 The Congress and Utkal Union A special session of the Utkal Union Conference relationship, which was far from Conference was summoned at Cuttack on 22- cordial anyway, became still bitter when in 1927; 23 September 1918; Madhusudan Das presided the Government announced the formation of a over the conference. On 22 September two statutory commission under John Simon to resolutions regarding Odisha and her future evaluate the working of Montague- Chelmsford constitution were passed like Odia-speaking Act of 1919, which was opposed by Congress.
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