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Nightmares of Reason Library.Anarhija.Net Nightmares of Reason Bob Black Bob Black Nightmares of Reason 2010 lib.anarhija.net 2010 Contents A Word from the Author 5 Chapter 1. Introduction 7 Chapter 2. Getting Personal(istic) 12 Chapter 3. The Power of Positive Thinking, or, Positive Thinking of Power 31 Chapter 4. This Side of Paradise 42 Foraging as Anarchy ..................... 49 Foraging as Zerowork .................... 50 Foraging as Egalitarian Communism . 62 Foraging as the Good Life. 66 Chapter 5. Stone Age or Old Age: An Unbridgeable Chasm 73 Chapter 6. Book Filled with Lies 110 Chapter 7. Primitivism and the Enlightenment 124 Chapter 8. The Spectre of Shamanism 132 Chapter 9. The Rule of Law versus the Order of Custom 150 Chapter 10. Before the Law 174 Chapter 11. Humanists and Subhumans 198 2 Chapter 12. Nightmares of Reason 231 Chapter 13. The Communalist Hallucination 251 Chapter 14. The Judgment of Athena 293 Chapter 15. City-Statism and Anarchy 327 Chapter 16. Fantasies of Federalism 344 Chapter 17. Anarchist Communism versus Libertarian Mu- nicipalism 385 Chapter 18. The Organization of Power 432 Chapter 19. Murray Bookchin, One-Dimensional Man 447 Chapter 20. Conclusion: Whither Anarchism, Indeed? 458 Appendix: An American in Paris 467 1 ................................ 467 2 ................................ 475 3 “The general level of insight now is more educated, cu- here (Aristotle). He would only wager his life on what he consid- riosity is wide awake, and judgments are made more ers a sure thing. For Fredy, indifferent to wishful thinking decked quickly than formerly; so the feet of them which shall out as determinism or teleology, it was enough to believe that, at a carry thee out are already at the door” — Hegel1 place of wisdom beyond common sense, anything is possible. 1 Hegel: Texts and Commentary, tr. & ed. Walter Kaufman (Garden City, NY: Anchor Books, 1966), 110. “The feet of them which have buried thy husband are at the door, and shall carry thee out” (Acts 5:9). 4 485 ism leads inevitably to concentration camps.”54 But sometimes the usual suspects are innocent. The intellectuals described are not Post- Modernists, they are adherents of the neo-conservative Nouvelle Philosophie group around Bernard-Henri Levy which made a media splash in the mid-70s. Aside from their common origin — Althusse- rian Maoism — the tendencies have nothing in common.55 It’s a A Word from the Author case of mistaken identity. Looking to a real French Post-Modernist, Michel Foucault, it turns out that some of his major works, includ- In 1997, C.A.L. Press published my Anarchy after Leftism, which ing Madness and Civilization and The Order of Things, antedate May took the form of a point by point (or tit for tat) refutation of Murray 1968.56 Someone else will have to sort it all out. Bookchin’s Social Anarchism or Lifestyle Anarchism: An Unbridge- Fredy Perlman is probably the greatest anarchist of the last 50 able Chasm (A.K. Press [who else?] 1996). In the course of the writ- years. He was in every way exemplary. I was only privileged to ing, which occupied two months in 1996, I had the occasion to con- meet him once, at a party in Detroit in December 1978. He was sult some previous books by the Director Emeritus, as I was sure warm, gregarious and unaffected. I wish I could have gotten to that he was contradicting most of his previous positions. He was. know him. From his writings, though, I do know that he spurned What only his inner circle then knew is that Bookchin had privately careerism, casuistry, pedantry and deceit. He walked away from renounced anarchism in 1995 (cf. the “communalism” website main- academia as a place where integrity is impossible about two years tained by his remaining acolytes, www.communalism.org). When, before Bookchin, for whom integrity is not an issue, walked into in the book, I demonstrated that Bookchin was not an anarchist, it. Fredy gave us rigorous analysis in The Reproduction of Daily Life, leftists castigated me for my “purism.” They now observe a discreet sly satire in Manual for Revolutionary Leaders, and impassioned po- silence. etry in Against His-Story, Against Leviathan! — but his gifts were My readings, however, revealed that SALA was not just a se- always humane, angry and smart. Bookchin needed to believe that nile aberration. Across the board and from start to finish, Murray the future is not only preordained (Marx), “potentially” it is already Bookchin Thought was authoritarian, obscurantist, conceited, self- contradictory, ahistorical, hypocritical, even racist. As to how he 54 Peter Dews, “The Nouvelle Philosophie and Foucault,”in Towards a Critique ever maintained a reputation as a great anarchist theorist, I offer of Foucault, ed. Mike Gane (London & New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1986), some thoughts in the following pages. I undertook to read or reread 60. 55 Ibid., 60–62; Jappe, Guy Debord, 110. Levy ended up in the embrace of the nearly all of his books. It was an ordeal, but it was worth it, be- Romish Church. cause it equipped me to write Nightmares of Reason. Here I show 56 Bookchin, Anarchism, Marxism, 134; and by Foucault (French publication that Bookchin’s errors (some qualify as lies) abound in every area dates in brackets): Madness and Civilization, tr. Richard Howard (New York: Pan- he bumbled into, be it history, anthropology, philosophy, political theon, 1965) [1961]; Mental Illness and Psychology, tr. Alan Sheridan (New York: theory, cosmology, or even lexicography. I adduce example after Harper & Row, 1976) [1962]; Death and the Labyrinth: The World of Raymond Rous- sell, tr. Charles Russ (New York: Doubleday & Company, 1986) [1963]; The Or- example of the falsity, bad faith and even brutality of his polemics. der of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences (New York: Pantheon, 1971) Leftists who suppose — mainly on his say-so — that Bookchin was [1966]; and several articles, plus books revised and republished after 1968. a great scholar will learn here why no scholars think so. 484 5 More or less unexpectedly, this book gave me the opportunity rate discussion.”50 As one might say at the scene of a homicide, there to develop my own ideas, some of which find their first or fullest are no signs of struggle. In effect, the ex-Director confirms that he expression here, and influence my future direction. This is where I learned nothing important in Paris, including the most important came to the conclusion that the rejection of democracy is the most thing, something Fredy learned — to quote Guattari and Negri, “The important task for contemporary anarchists. Portions of this book Revolution Began in ’68.”51 have appeared as articles, usually in Anarchy: A Journal of Desire To find out what someone finds it worthwhile to do, look atwhat Armed, and in Bob Black, Withered Anarchism (London: Green Anar- he’s doing. For Bookchin, bashing anarchists takes priority over chist & Eugene, OR: Anarchist Action Collective, n.d. [1997]). C.A.L. sorting out the many issues raised by May 1968. It is literally true Press would like to publish the text in hard copy, but lacks the fi- that he devoted the rest of his life to discrediting really existing nancing. Perhaps some of my readers would like to help out. anarchism. Bookchin does “sort out” one aspect of the legacy of ’68: Post- Bob Black Modernism! The Director Emeritus explains: “Many French radi- P.O. Box 3112 cals,” shaken by Communist Party behavior during the upheaval, Albany, NY 12203 U.S.A. “not only did they become anti-Communists, they rejected Marx- [email protected] ism itself … and in some cases the entire Enlightenment tradition.” Generously, he allows that “I am only too well aware of the fact that many postmodernists have since modified these strong denials,”but the PoMos still share “certain essentials.”52 And he is only too un- aware of the fact that there are PoMos, such as Laclau and Mouffe, who espouse a leftist radical democracy just as he does.53 Since Post- Modernism is little more than a style and a mood, it is as compatible with leftist incoherence as with any other incoherence. Obviously describing the same phenomenon, another source refers to the representation “that a group of young intellectuals, for the most part veterans of ’68 and former leftist militants, had discovered the works of Solzhenitzyn and concluded that Marx- 50 Bookchin, Anarchism, Marxism, 96. 51 Guattari & Negri, Communists Like Us, 20 (chapter title); Vaneigem, “Pref- ace to the First French Paperback Edition,” Revolution of Everyday Life, 9. 52 Bookchin, Anarchism, Marxism, 132–133. 53 Peter Bellharz, “Between Bolshevism and Democracy,” in Between Totali- tarianism and Postmodernity: A Thesis Eleven Reader (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1993); Ernest Laclau & Chantal Mouffe, Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics (London: Verso, 1985). 6 483 City to meet and exchange views with militants involved in the student strike and building occupation at Columbia University.”45 Perhaps, in New York or Paris, Bookchin and Fredy passed each other in opposite directions, as they certainly went on to do polit- ically, with Fredy soon superseding Marxism and Bookchin even- tually regressing to it. Lorraine Perlman writes that Fredy’s “ex- Chapter 1. Introduction periences during those intense, joyous weeks deeply reflected his views and remained a constant reference point whenever he consid- The tale is told of the American tourist abroad who, encounter- ered possibilities for social change.”46 The satiric passages in Man- ing some natives who didn’t speak his language, assisted their un- ual for Revolutionary Leaders in which leftist organizers and politi- derstanding by repeating himself in a louder voice.
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