Anarchism and Animal Liberation Anarchism and Animal Liberation Essays on Complementary Elements of Total Liberation Edited by Anthony J. Nocella II, Richard J. White and Erika Cudworth Forewords by David N. Pellow and John C. Alessio McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers Jefferson, North Carolina LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGUING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Xxxxxx, Xxxxx, 19xx– Xxxxxxxx : xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx / Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7864-9457-6 (softcover : acid free paper) ♾ ISBN 978-1-4766-2132-6 (ebook) 1. xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx—xxxx xxxxxxx BRITISH LIBRARY CATALOGUING DATA ARE AVAILABLE © 2015 Anthony J. Nocella II, Richard J. White and Erika Cudworth. All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Cover image: George Tsartsianidis/Thinkstock Printed in the United States of America McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers Box 611, Jefferson, North Carolina 28640 www.mcfarlandpub.com To all those who continue to struggle toward an anarchist society: a society of non- violence, compassion, respect and liberty for all animals, both human and nonhuman. We will always be indebted to those who have sacrificed their own freedom and futures by confronting those forms of oppression, domination and rule that bring immeasurable pain, misery and suffering into the world. Acknowledgments Anthony, Richard and Erika would like to thank everyone who assisted in the production and publish- ing of this book. Special mention must go to David N. Pellow and John C. Alessio for each writing a foreword for the book and, of course, to the contributors of the book—Brian Dominick, Drew Robert Winter, Will Boisseau, Jim Donaghey, Nekeisha Alayna Alexis, Mara J. Pfeffer, Sean Parson, Lara Drew, Kim Socha, John Lupinacci and Aragorn Eloff. Our thanks to Sarat Colling, Reyna Crow, Carrie Freeman, Ruth Kinna, Joel Helfrich, Peter McLaren, Nick Ryan, John Soren- son and Tanya Loughead for their first reviews of the book. We would also like to thank the Institute for Critical Animal Studies for supporting this book. More generally, we are indebted to all those who— through their work and their activism—continue to expand the horizons of the field of Critical Animal Studies. Finally we would also like to thank our inter- species families and friends for their love and support. We hope that this book helps to bring a more socially just and peaceable future into being for them, for all. vi Table of Contents Acknowledgments vi Foreword David Pellow 1 Foreword John C. Alessio 4 Introduction: The Intersections of Critical Animal Studies and Anarchist Studies for Total Liberation Anthony J. Nocella II, Richard J. White and Erika Cudworth 7 Part I. Histories/Futures 21 Anarcho-Veganism Revisited Brian Dominick 23 Anarchist Criminology Against Racism and Ableism and for Animal Liberation Anthony J. Nocella II 40 Doing Liberation: The Story and Strategy of Food Not Bombs Drew Robert Winter 59 “Nailing Descartes to the wall”: Animal Rights, Veganism and Punk Culture Will Boisseau and Jim Donaghey 71 Part II. Intersections 91 Intersectionality, Species and Social Domination Erika Cudworth 93 vii viii Table of Contents Beyond Suffering: Resisting Patriarchy and Reproductive Control Nekeisha Alayna Alexis 108 Industrial Society Is Both the Fabrication Department and the Kill Floor: Total Liberation, Green Anarchism and the Violence of Industrialism Mara J. Pfeffer and Sean Parson 126 “A wider vision”: Coercion, Solidarity and Animal Liberation Will Boisseau 141 Part III. Strategies 161 Anarchy for Educational Praxis in the Animal Liberation Movement in an Era of Capitalist Triumphalism Lara Drew and Kim Socha 163 Recognizing Human Supremacy: Interrupt, Inspire and Expose John Lupinacci 179 Do Anarchists Dream of Emancipated Sheep? Contemporary Anarchism, Animal Liberation and the Implications of New Philosophy Aragorn Eloff 194 Following in the Footsteps of Élisée Reclus: Disturbing Places of Inter- Species Violence That Are Hidden in Plain Sight Richard J. White 212 About the Contributors 231 Index 233 Foreword David N. Pellow Ashanti Alston, a former Black Panther and Black Liberation Army activist and one- time political prisoner, once told me, “I really feel like of all the groups, the anarchist mindset is open to understanding all the different oppressions.” I concur and I share Alston’s perspective because, like him, I also identify as an anarchist person of color and I see evidence every day of my life that anarchism’s core principles and promises make a lot of sense to those of us who are committed to total liberation—ideas, scholarship, artistic expression, and action aimed at challenging all forms of oppression. To my knowledge Anarchism and Animal Liberation is the first book to place anar- chist studies and Critical Animal Studies in conversation with one another, and for that reason alone, this is a path- breaking work. In so many ways, the essays in this book focus on expanding our under- standing of hierarchy and inequality by making sense of the often tense and violent relationships among humans and nonhuman animal species. In so doing, the editors and contributors facilitate the goal of achieving a better grasp of inequality’s ramifications while also deepening our understanding of the nature of inequality itself. Only then can we truly grasp the depths of our socioecological crises and address them effectively. As a sociologist I must confront the most basic yet profound questions raised in this book: what is inequality and why does it matter? At its most basic level, inequality means that if you are “on top” of a social system, or higher on a social status ladder when compared with another being, then you possess or have access to more resources, wealth, and privileges. But more importantly—and from the standpoint of anarchist studies and Critical Animal Studies—your elevated position above others also means that your life is of greater value than others living within that social system. You likely own or control and affect more of the planet and its constituent residents and life support systems than others, you likely own or control and affect 1 2 Foreword more living beings (and, therefore, likely produce more death) than others, and you control and benefit from the ideational systems that give meaning and legitimacy to such dynamics. Inequality is a means of ordering the human and nonhuman worlds for the relative benefit of some and to the detriment of others. Anarchist studies and Critical Animal Studies explore the origins and consequences of varied forms of inequality and hierarchy, and resolve to oppose them at every level. Public health scholarship reveals that human life expectancy, morbidity, mortality, and wellbeing are highly correlated with key measures of inequality. In the case of environmental inequality and environmental racism, working class people, people of color, women, immigrants, and Indigenous persons are more likely to face health risks as a result of environmental racism and inequality—the uneven exposure to environmental harm that social and insti- tutional forces routinely perpetrate (practices that are rooted in multiple forms of social inequality and hierarchy). Thus social or human inequalities derive their existence through inequalities that also divide, rank, and exert control over nonhumans and ecosystems. Inequality is, above all, unnatural in the sense that it does not “just happen”—it requires a great deal of energy, labor, and institutional effort to produce and maintain unequal societies. This point is crucial because there is often a great deal of energy invested into making inequalities appear to be a natural state of affairs. As ecofeminist Greta Gaard writes, “Appeals to nature have often been used to justify social norms, to the detriment of women, nature, queers, and persons of color.” Inequality is not just an imbalance of resources or power, but is frequently experienced as unearned privileges made possible by domination and injus- tice. Those who suffer its consequences also routinely resist inequality. This book is a clarion call to solidarity and a call to join those who are leading these resistance efforts. Anarchism and Animal Liberation embraces the idea, vision, and practice of total liberation, which views inequality as a threat to life itself—for oppressed peoples, species, and ecosystems—and is organized around the struggle for justice for all life forms. Individuals, collectives, organizations, networks, and movements seeking total liberation organize and mobilize in favor of symbols, metaphors, language, signs, representations, practices, and structures of equality and justice to do what social movements have always done: to imagine and create a better world. Only this world would be based on the idea that inequality and unfreedom in all their known manifestations should be eradicated. The editors and contributors to this invaluable collection contend that one cannot fully grasp the foundations of racism, classism, sexism, patriarchy, ageism, and ableism without also understanding speciesism and dominionism because they are all ideologies and practices rooted in hierarchy and the cre- Foreword (Pellow) 3 ation of oppositional