Le Beatitudini, Programmma Di Cristo Per L'evangelizzazione in Ogni

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Le Beatitudini, Programmma Di Cristo Per L'evangelizzazione in Ogni 00_PRIMA PARTE DC 2015_pp_1-18_Layout 1 26/10/15 09:01 Pagina 1 Le beatitudini, programmma di Cristo per l’evangelizzazione in ogni tempo e cultura The Beatitudes, Christ’s Programme for Evangelisation for All Time and For Every Culture 00_PRIMA PARTE DC 2015_pp_1-18_Layout 1 26/10/15 09:01 Pagina 2 00_PRIMA PARTE DC 2015_pp_1-18_Layout 1 26/10/15 09:01 Pagina 3 Doctor Communis The Proceedings of the XIV Plenary Session Le beatitudini, programmma di Cristo per l’evangelizzazione in ogni tempo e cultura The Beatitudes, Christ’s Programme for Evangelisation for All Time and For Every Culture 20-22 June 2014 SANCT IA I T M H E O D M A A C E A A A Q I C U I I F I N T A T N I O S P • LIBRERIA EDITRICE VATICANA • VATICAN CITY 2015 00_PRIMA PARTE DC 2015_pp_1-18_Layout 1 26/10/15 09:01 Pagina 4 The Pontifical Academy of Saint Thomas Aquinas Casina Pio IV, 00120 Vatican City Tel: +39 0669883195 • Fax: +39 0669885218 Email: [email protected] • Website: www.past.va The opinions expressed with absolute freedom during the presentation of the papers of this meeting, although published by the Academy, represent only the points of view of the participants and not those of the Academy. ISBN 978-88-88353-21-0 © Copyright 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, photocopying or otherwise without the expressed written permission of the publisher. PONTIFICIA ACADEMIA SANCTI THOMAE AQUINATIS LIBRERIA EDITRICE VATICANA VATICAN CITY 00_PRIMA PARTE DC 2015_pp_1-18_Layout 1 26/10/15 09:01 Pagina 5 Nel proclamare le Beatitudini Gesù ci invita a seguirlo, a percorrere con Lui la via dell’amore, la sola che conduce alla vita eterna. Non è una strada facile, ma il Signore ci assicura la sua grazia e non ci lascia mai soli. Povertà, afflizioni, umiliazioni, lotta per la giustizia, fatiche della conversione quotidiana, combattimenti per vivere la chiamata alla santità, persecuzioni e tante altre sfide sono presenti nella nostra vita. Ma se apriamo la porta a Gesù, se lasciamo che Lui sia dentro la nostra storia, se condividiamo con Lui le gioie e i dolori, sperimenteremo una pace e una gioia che solo Dio, amore infinito, può dare”. (Papa Francesco, Messaggio per la 29ª Giornata Mondiale della Gioventù 2014, 21 gennaio 2014) Le beatitudini, programmma di Cristo per l’evangelizzazione in ogni tempo e cultura 5 00_PRIMA PARTE DC 2015_pp_1-18_Layout 1 26/10/15 09:01 Pagina 6 San Tommaso d’Aquino, opera di San Giovanni da Fiesole detto Beato An- gelico, Crocifissione e patriarchi, santi e beati (particolare), sala del capitolo, museo di San Marco, Firenze, dipinto murale, 1441-1442. St Thomas Aquinas by Fra Angelico (Giovanni da Fiesole), Crucifixion (detail), Chapter House, San Marco, Florence, fresco 1441-1442. 6 Le beatitudini, programmma di Cristo per l’evangelizzazione in ogni tempo e cultura 00_PRIMA PARTE DC 2015_pp_1-18_Layout 1 26/10/15 09:01 Pagina 7 Le beatitudini, programmma di Cristo per l’evangelizzazione in ogni tempo e cultura 7 00_PRIMA PARTE DC 2015_pp_1-18_Layout 1 26/10/15 09:01 Pagina 8 8 Le beatitudini, programmma di Cristo per l’evangelizzazione in ogni tempo e cultura 00_PRIMA PARTE DC 2015_pp_1-18_Layout 1 26/10/15 09:01 Pagina 9 Contents Introduzione ...................................................................................... 11 Introduction ....................................................................................... 12 Programme......................................................................................... 13 List of Participants ............................................................................. 16 Il programma di Papa Francesco sulla centralità evangelica dei poveri e dei più piccoli: le Beatitudini Marcelo Sánchez Sorondo.................................................................... 17 Les béatitudes au cœur de la théologie de saint Thomas d’Aquin Serge-Thomas Bonino, O.P. ................................................................. 32 The Beatitudes in St. Thomas’ Various Works Terence Kennedy, C.Ss.R. ................................................................... 49 Le Beatitudini nel disegno della Summa Theologiae – Premesse sul “disegno” e sull’importanza della lettura in relazione al disegno Inos Biffi.............................................................................................. 58 Beatitudine come trasfigurazione della felicità in Jacques Maritain Costante Marabelli ............................................................................... 63 The Beatitudes, Prudence (Acquired and Infused), Aristotle, and Aquinas Kevin L. Flannery, S.J. .......................................................................... 74 Los pobres y el Reino de Dios Pedro Rodríguez.................................................................................. 100 On Meekness, Piety and Reconciliation John P. Hittinger................................................................................... 108 Beati gli afflitti perché saranno consolati Cardinal Kurt Koch.............................................................................. 121 Le beatitudini, programmma di Cristo per l’evangelizzazione in ogni tempo e cultura 9 00_PRIMA PARTE DC 2015_pp_1-18_Layout 1 26/10/15 09:01 Pagina 10 CONTENTS Beati quelli che hanno fame e sete della giustizia perché saranno saziati Savio Hon Tai-Fai, S.D.B. ..................................................................... 128 St. Thomas Aquinas and the Beatitude of the Merciful Leo J. Elders, S.V.D. .............................................................................. 131 Bienheureux les cœurs purs car ils verront Dieu Card. Georges Cottier, O.P. .................................................................. 137 Blessed are the Peacemakers – Those Who Sow Peace – For They Will Be Called Children of God Luz Garcia Alonso................................................................................ 149 La gioia del discepolo di Cristo nelle persecuzioni Lluís Clavell ......................................................................................... 155 Las Bienaventuranzas y la Nueva Evangelización Cardinal Fernando Sebastián Aguilar, C.M.F. ....................................... 165 La beatitudo come fine ultimo dell’uomo e come principio dell’or- dine morale Umberto Galeazzi................................................................................ 175 10 Le beatitudini, programmma di Cristo per l’evangelizzazione in ogni tempo e cultura 00_PRIMA PARTE DC 2015_pp_1-18_Layout 1 26/10/15 09:01 Pagina 11 Introduzione Nel solco della tradizione dell’Accademia di studiare temi che il Romano Pontefice ritiene importanti per i singoli momenti della vita della Chiesa, si è voluto venire incontro al programma di evangelizzazione di Papa Francesco e alla centralità delle Beatitudini nell’annuncio della Buona Novella. Oltre ai numerosi riferimenti ad esse nell’Esortazione apostolica Evangelii gaudium, il Romano Pontefice ha proposto di preparare la prossima Giornata Mondiale della Gioventù, da tenersi a Cracovia nel 2016, riflettendo con i giovani sulle Beatitudini evangeliche, che leggiamo nel Vangelo di San Matteo. San Tommaso d’Aquino tratta in modo approfondito delle Beatitudini, se- guendo una lunga tradizione, in modo particolare la dottrina di Sant’Agostino. La sua sintesi tra il testo del Vangelo, i doni dello Spirito Santo e le virtù, sia quelle teologali che quelle cardinali, studiate anche da Aristotele, è molto bella e può certamente contribuire a sperimentare la pace e la gioia che solo Dio può dare. Il commento di Tommaso alle Beatitudini è anche un gioiello pieno di fine considerazioni sui più profondi desideri dell’anima umana. Ci incoraggia a questo studio e dibattito anche il notevole numero di citazioni importanti dell’Aquinate riportate nell’Esortazione apostolica Evangelii gaudium, come ad es. quella così decisiva: «L’elemento principale della nuova legge è la grazia dello Spirito Santo, che si manifesta nella fede che agisce per mezzo dell’amore» (Summa Theologiae, I-II, q. 108, art. 1) o quella riguardante la misericordia: «La misericordia è in se stessa la più grande delle virtù, infatti spetta ad essa donare ad altri e, quello che più conta, sollevare le miserie altrui. Ora questo è compito specialmente di chi è superiore, ecco perché si dice che è proprio di Dio usare misericordia, e in questo specialmente si manifesta la sua onnipotenza» (Summa Theologiae, II- II, q. 30, art.4). Nella vicinanza della beatificazione del Venerabile Paolo VI giova ricordare che, da giovane sacerdote conseguì presso questa Accademia Romana di San Tommaso, la Laurea in Filosofia tomistica come aveva fatto prima anche Pio XI. Le beatitudini, programmma di Cristo per l’evangelizzazione in ogni tempo e cultura 11 00_PRIMA PARTE DC 2015_pp_1-18_Layout 1 26/10/15 09:01 Pagina 12 Introduction Following the Academy’s tradition of studying the topics that the Holy Father believes to be important for the individual moments of the Church’s life, we decided we would focus on the evangelisation programme of Pope Francis and on the centrality of the Beatitudes in announcing the Good News. Besides the many references to them in the Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii gaudium, the Holy Father suggested preparing for the next World Youth Day, to be held in Cracow in 2016, by reflecting with young people on the evangelic Beatitudes contained in the Gospel of St Mark. St Thomas Aquinas
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