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Amicus Brief Case: 18-40116 Document: 00514921390 Page: 1 Date Filed: 04/18/2019 No. 18-40116 In the United States Court of Appeals For the Fifth Circuit ______________________________ STATE OF TEXAS, Plaintiff – Appellee, v. ALABAMA-COUSHATTA TRIBE OF TEXAS, Defendant – Appellant On Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Lufkin Division, No. 9:01-cv-299 BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAE NATIONAL CONGRESS OF AMERICAN INDIANS AND USET SOVEREIGNTY PROTECTION FUND IN SUPPORT OF PLAINTFF-APPELLANT’S PETITION FOR REHEARING EN BANC Daniel Lewerenz Derrick Beetso NATIVE AMERICAN RIGHTS FUND NATIONAL CONGRESS OF 1514 P Street NW, Suite D AMERICAN INDIANS Washington, DC 20005 1516 P Street NW Telephone: (202) 785-4166 Washington, DC 20005 E-mail: [email protected] Telephone: (202) 466-7767 Counsel of record E-mail: [email protected] Gregory A. Smith HOBBS STRAUS DEAN & WALKER, LLP 2120 L Street, NW, Suite 700 Washington, DC 20037 Telephone: (202) 822-8282 E-mail: [email protected] Counsel for USET SPF Case: 18-40116 Document: 00514921390 Page: 2 Date Filed: 04/18/2019 CERTIFICATE OF INTERESTED PERSONS State of Texas v. Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas, No. 18-40116 The undersigned counsel of record certifies that the following listed persons and entities as described in the fourth sentence of 5th Cir. R. 28.2.1 have an interest in the outcome of this case. These representations are made in order that the judges of this Court may evaluate possible disqualification or recusal. PLAINTIFF – APPELLEE: State of Texas COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF – APPELLEE: Ken Paxton Jeffrey C. Mateer William T. Deane Anne Marie Mackin Michael R. Abrams Benjamin S. Lyles (Office of the Texas Attorney General) Scott A. Keller Eric A. White (Office of the Texas Solicitor General) DEFENDANT – APPELLANT: Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT – APPELLANT: Frederick Richard Petti Justin Roel Chapa Patricia Lane Briones Megan Whisler (Petti and Briones, PLLC) Danny Scot Ashby David I. Monteiro (Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP) ii Case: 18-40116 Document: 00514921390 Page: 3 Date Filed: 04/18/2019 AMICI CURIAE: National Congress of American Indians USET Sovereignty Protection Fund COUNSEL FOR AMICI CURIAE NCAI and USET SPF: Daniel Lewerenz Derrick Beetso (Native American Rights Fund) (National Congress of American Indians) Counsel of record Gregory A. Smith (Hobbs Straus Dean & Walker, LLP) Counsel to USET SPF AMICUS CURIAE: Ysleta del Sur Pueblo COUNSEL FOR AMICUS CURIAE YSLETA DEL SUR PUEBLO: Ronald L. Jackson AMICUS CURIAE FEDERAL AND STATE LEGISLATORS: Hon. Raul Grijalva Hon. Doug LaMalfa Hon. Will Hurd Hon. Don Young Hon. Brian Babin Hon. Robert Nichols Hon. James White COUNSEL FOR AMICUS CURIAE FEDERAL AND STATE LEGISLATORS: Allyson N. Ho John S. Ehrett Bradley G. Hubbard AMICUS CURIAE: National Indian Gaming Association iii Case: 18-40116 Document: 00514921390 Page: 4 Date Filed: 04/18/2019 COUNSEL FOR AMICUS CURIAE NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING ASSOCIATION: Steven J. Gunn AMICUS CURIAE: Tyler Area Chamber of Commerce Texas Forest Country Partnership COUNSEL FOR AMICUS CURIAE TYLER AREA CHAMBER OF COMMERCE and TEXAS FOREST COUNTRY PARTNERSHIP: Christopher D. Kantovil (Dykema) Amicus National Congress of American Indians (“NCAI”), established in 1944, is the oldest and largest national membership organization comprised of Alaska Native and American Indian tribal governments and individuals to address their unique interests. As part of its efforts, NCAI works closely with state governments and private organizations to develop productive models of state-tribal cooperation, including the interpretation of Indian statutes. Amicus USET Sovereignty Protection Fund (“USET SPF”) is a non-profit organization representing 27 federally recognized tribal nations in 13 states stretching from Texas to Maine. USET SPF works at the regional and national level to educate federal, state, and local governments about the unique historic and political status of its member tribal nations. iv Case: 18-40116 Document: 00514921390 Page: 5 Date Filed: 04/18/2019 None of Amici Curiae on this brief has a parent corporation. No publicly held company owns more than 10% of stock in any of Amici Curiae on this brief. By: /s/ Daniel Lewerenz April 18, 2019 v Case: 18-40116 Document: 00514921390 Page: 6 Date Filed: 04/18/2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS CERTIFICATE OF INTERESTED PERSONS . ii TABLE OF CONTENTS . vi TABLE OF AUTHORITIES . vii INTEREST OF AMICI CURIAE . 1 INTRODUCTION . 2 ARGUMENT . 5 I. EN BANC REVIEW IS NECESSARY TO ENSURE THAT IGRA IS IMPLEMENTED IN THE FIFTH CIRCUIT CONSISTENT WITH ITS PLAIN LANGUAGE AND CONGRESS’S INTENT . 5 A. Congress intended that IGRA gaming would strengthen Tribal economies and Tribal governments. 5 B. Congress intended that IGRA would apply uniformly nationwide . 6 C. The panel decision conflicts with IGRA’s language and Congress’s intent . 7 II. EN BANC REVIEW IS NECESSARY TO SECURE UNIFORMITY WITH DECISIONS OF THE U.S. SUPREME COURT, THIS COURT, AND OTHER CIRCUIT COURTS 8 A. The panel decision conflicts with Supreme Court precedent and other Circuit Courts concerning the scope of IGRA. 8 B. The panel decision conflicts with Supreme Court and Fifth Circuit precedent by failing to employ the Indian canon of statutory construction. 9 CONCLUSION . 11 CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE . 13 CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE . 14 ECF FILING STANDARD CERTIFICATE . 15 vi Case: 18-40116 Document: 00514921390 Page: 7 Date Filed: 04/18/2019 TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Cases Artichoke Joe’s Cal. Grand Casino v. Norton, 353 F.3d 712 (9th Cir. 2003) . 5 n.3, 10 California v. Cabazon Band of Mission Indians, 480 U.S. 202 (1987) . 2 Chickasaw Nation v. United States, 534 U.S. 84 (2001) . 9, 9-10, 10 n.6 Choate v. Trapp, 224 U.S. 665 (1912) . 9, 10 n.6 Citizens Against Casino Gambling v. Chaudhuri, 802 F.3d 267 (2d Cir. 2015) . 5 n.3, 10 City of Roseville v. Norton, 348 F.3d 1020 (D.C. Cir. 2003) . 5 n.3, 10 Connecticut v. U.S. Dep’t of Interior, 228 F.3d 82 (2d Cir. 2000) . 10 Cty. of Oneida v. Oneida Indian Nation of N.Y., 470 U.S. 226 (1985) . 9 Gaming Corp. of Am. v. Dorsey & Whitney, 88 F.3d 536 (8th Cir. 1996) . 8, 10 Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians v. Office of U.S. Attorney for W. Dist. of Mich., 369 F.3d 960 (6th Cir. 2004) . 5 n.3, 10 Massachusetts v. Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah), 853 F.3d 618 (1st Cir. 2017) . 3, 4 McClanahan v. Arizona Tax Comm’n, 411 U.S. 164 (1973) . 10 n.6 Mescalero Apache Tribe v. Jones, 411 U.S. 145 (1973) . 5 n.2 Michigan v. Bay Mills Indian Cmty., 572 U.S. 782 (2014) . 6, 8 Montana v. Blackfeet Tribe, 471 U.S. 759 (1985) . 4, 9 Peyote Way Church of God, Inc. v. Thornburgh, 922 F.2d 1210 (5th Cir. 1991) 9 Pueblo of Santa Ana v. Kelly, 104 F.3d 1546 (10th Cir. 1997) . 8-9 Rhode Island v. Narragansett Indian Tribe, 19 F.3d 685 (1st Cir. 1994) . 4 Seminole Tribe of Fla. v. Butterworth, 658 F.2d 310 (5th Cir. 1981) . 10 South Carolina v. Catawba Tribe, Inc., 476 U.S. 498 (1986) . 11 Squire v. Capoeman, 351 U.S. 1 (1956) . 10 n.6 Tamiami Partners v. Miccosukee Tribe of Indians, 63 F.3d 1030 (11th Cir. 1995) . 6, 9 Texas v. Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas, No. 18-40116, slip op. (5th Cir. Mar. 14, 2019) . passim Tonkawa Tribe of Okla. v. Richards, 75 F.3d 1039 (5th Cir. 1996) . 9 vii Case: 18-40116 Document: 00514921390 Page: 8 Date Filed: 04/18/2019 United States v. 162 MegaMania Gambling Devices, 231 F.3d 713 (10th Cir. 2000) . 10 Worcester v. Georgia, 31 U.S. (6 Pet.) 515 (1832) . 2 White Mountain Apache Tribe v. Bracker, 448 U.S. 136 (1980) . 5 n.2 Wisconsin v. Ho-Chunk Nation, 784 F.3d 1076 (7th Cir. 2015) . 2, 5 n.3, 8, 10 Ysleta del Sur Pueblo v. Texas, 36 F.3d 1325 (5th Cir. 1994) . passim Statutes and Legislative Materials Catawba Indian Tribe of South Carolina Land Claims Settlement Act of 1993, Pub. L. 103-116, 107 Stat. 1118, previously codified at 25 U.S.C. §§ 941-941n . 7, 7 n.5 Indian Gaming Regulatory Act, Pub. L. 100-497, 102 Stat. 2467 (1988), codified at 25 U.S.C. §§ 2701 et seq. passim 25 U.S.C. § 2701(4) . 3 25 U.S.C. § 2702(1) . 5 25 U.S.C. § 2703(4) . 6 25 U.S.C. § 2703(5) . 6 Wampanoag Tribal Council of Gay Head, Inc., Indian Claims Settlement Act of 1987, Pub. L. 100-95, 101 Stat. 704 (1987), previously codified at 25 U.S.C. §§ 1771–1771i . 3 § 9 . 3 Ysleta del Sur Pueblo and Alabama and Coushatta Indian Tribes Restoration Act, Pub. L. 100-89, 101 Stat. 666, previously codified at 25 U.S.C. §§ 731–737, §§ 1300g–1300g-7 . 2-3, 3 § 106 . 3 § 207 . 3 S. Rep. No. 100-446, 100th Cong., 2d Sess. (1988), reprinted in 1988 U.S.C.C.A.N. 3071 . passim viii Case: 18-40116 Document: 00514921390 Page: 9 Date Filed: 04/18/2019 Rules of Court Fifth Circuit Rules Rule 25.2.1 . 15 Rule 25.2.13 . 15 Rule 28.2.1 . ii Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure Rule 29(a)(5) . 13 Rule 32(a)(5) . 13 Rule 32(a)(6) . 13 Rule 32(f) . 13 Other Authorities National Indian Gaming Commission, 2017 Indian Gaming Revenues Increase 3.9% to $32.4 Billion (June 26, 2018), available at https://www.nigc.gov/news/detail/2017-indian-gaming-revenues-increase-3.9- to-32.4-billion .
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