FAMILY Sphyraenidae Rafinesque, 1815 - barracudas [=Sphyrenidia] Notes: Sphyrenidia Rafinesque, 1815:89 [ref. 3584] (subfamily) Sphyraena [as Sphyrena, name must be corrected Article 32.5.3; stem corrected to Sphyraen- by Bonaparte 1831:156 [ref. 4978], confirmed by Günther 1860:334 [ref. 1963] and by Gill 1872:12 [ref. 26254]]
GENUS Sphyraena Artedi, in Rose, 1793 - barracudas [=Sphyraena Artedi [P.], in Röse, 1793:112, Acus Plumier [C.], in Lacepède, 1803:327 (footnote), Agrioposphyraena (subgenus of Sphyraena) Fowler [H. W.], 1903:749, Australuzza Whitley [G. P.], 1947:136, Callosphyraena Smith [J. L. B.], 1956:38, 42, Indosphyraena Smith [J. L. B.], 1956:38, 39, Sphyraena Klein [J. T.], 1778:464, Sphyraena Walbaum [J. J.] (ex Klein), 1792:584, Sphyraena Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:109, Sphyraenella Smith [J. L. B.], 1956:38] Notes: [ref. 3833]. Fem. Esox sphyraena Linnaeus, 1758. Type by subsequent designation or subsequent monotypy. Spelled Sphyrena by Rafinesque 1810:34 and Sphaerina by Swainson 1839:175 (242) [ref. 4303]. Apparently above is oldest available name for genus; authors also date to Bloch & Schneider 1801 or Klein; Walbaum (1792) is unavailable. •Valid as Sphyraena Artedi, 1793 [some authors use Röse as author] -- (de Sylva 1975 [ref. 6302], de Sylva 1984:534 [ref. 13666], Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:121 [ref. 6441], Ben-Tuvia in Whitehead et al. 1986:1194 [ref. 13677], de Sylva & Williams 1986:722 [ref. 6301], Daget 1986:35 [ref. 6203], Lin & Shao 1987 [ref. 6420], Johnson 1986:32 [ref. 5676], Daget in Lévêque et al. 1992:789 [ref. 21590], Gomon et al. 1994:664 [ref. 22532], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:459 [ref. 24550], Senou 2001:3686 [ref. 26303], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:803 [ref. 25968], Russell 2003:1808 [ref. 27114], Parin 2003:S25 [ref. 28536], Doiuchi & Nakabo 2005:132 [ref. 28229], Bray & Hoese 2006:1749 [ref. 29049] with authorship as Bloch & Schneider 1801, Béarez 2008:95 [ref. 30486], Pastore 2009:1299 [ref. 30405], Gomon 2008:774 [ref. 30616], Doiuchi 2011:99 [ref. 31623], Parin et al. 2014:507 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Sphyraena Artedi, 1793. Sphyraenidae. (Acus) [ref. 4930]. Fem. Apparently not available; Plumier manuscript name mentioned in passing under Sphyraena chinensis. See remarks under Opinion 89 in Appendix B in Eschmeyer et al. 1990 [ref. 26735]. •In the synonymy of Sphyraena Artedi, 1793 -- (Kottelat 2013:444 [ref. 32989] dated to Lacepède and a synonym of Walbum 1792). Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena Artedi, 1793. Sphyraenidae. (Agrioposphyraena) [ref. 1361]. Fem. Esox barracuda Walbaum, 1792. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Misspelled Agriosphyraena by Jordan 1920:502 [ref. 4905]. •Synonym of Sphyraena Artedi, in Röse, 1793 [author as Klein 1778] -- (de Sylva 1975:76 [ref. 6302], Daget 1986:350 [ref. 6203]). •Synonym of Sphyraena Artedi, 1793, but a valid subgenus Agrioposphyraena as described -- (de Sylva 1984:534 [ref. 13666]). •Synonym of Sphyraena Artedi, 1793 -- (Kottelat 2013:444 [ref. 32989] but dated to Walbaum 1792). Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena Artedi, 1793. Sphyraenidae. (Australuzza) [ref. 4708]. Fem. Sphyraena novaehollandiae Günther, 1860. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Austroluzza is a misspelling. Treated as feminine, Art. 30.2.4. •Synonym of Sphyraena Artedi, 1793 [author as Klein 1778] -- (de Sylva 1975:76 [ref. 6302], Daget 1986:350 [ref. 6203]). •Synonym of Sphyraena Artedi, 1793, but a valid subgenus Australuzza -- (de Sylva 1984:534 [ref. 13666]). •Synonym of Sphyraena Artedi, 1793 -- (Kottelat 2013:444 [ref. 32989] but dated to Walbaum 1792). Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena Artedi, 1793. Sphyraenidae. (Callosphyraena) [ref. 4105]. Fem. Sphyraena toxeuma Fowler, 1904. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Sphyraena Artedi, 1793 [authorship as Klein] -- (de Sylva 1975:76 [ref. 6302], Daget 1986:350 [ref. 6203]). •Synonym of Sphyraena Artedi, 1793, but a valid subgenus Callosphyraena -- (de Sylva 1984:534 [ref. 13666]). •Synonym of Sphyraena Artedi, 1793 -- (Kottelat 2013:444 [ref. 32989] but dated to Walbaum 1792). Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena Artedi, 1793. Sphyraenidae. (Indosphyraena) [ref. 4105]. Fem. Sphyraena africana Gilchrist & Thompson, 1909. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Sphyraena Artedi, 1793 [with Klein 1875 as author] -- (de Sylva 1975:76 [ref. 6302], Daget 1986:350 [ref. 6203]). •Synonym of Sphyraena Artedi, 1793 -- (Kottelat 2013:444 [ref. 32989] but dated to Walbaum 1792). Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena Artedi, 1793. Sphyraenidae. (Sphyraena K) [ref. 4922]. Fem. Not available, published in a work that does not conform to the principle of binominal nomenclature. Original not seen. •In the synonymy of Sphyraena Artedi, 1793 -- •In the synonym of Sphyraena Artedi, 1793 -- (Kottelat 2013:444 [ref. 32989] but dated to Walbaum 1792). Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena Artedi, 1793. Sphyraenidae. (Sphyraena W) [ref. 4572]. Fem. Esox sphyraena Linnaeus, 1758 Type by monoptypy. Not available, published in a part of work rejected for nomenclatural purposes in Opinion 21 (1938). Based on Klein 1749:26 [ref. 30141]. •In the synonymy of Sphyraena Artedi, 1793 -- (Kottelat 2013:444 [ref. 32989] but dated to Walbaum 1792). Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena Artedi, 1793. Sphyraenidae. (Sphyraena B) [ref. 471]. Fem. Esox sphyraena Linnaeus, 1758. Type by absolute tautonymy. •Objective synonym of Sphyraena Artedi, 1793 •Synonym of Sphyraena Artedi, 1793 -- (Kottelat 2013:444 [ref. 32989] but dated to Walbaum 1792). Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena Artedi, 1793. Sphyraenidae. (Sphyraenella) [ref. 4105]. Fem. Sphyraena flavicauda Rüppell, 1838. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Sphyraena Artedi, 1793 [authorship as Klein 1775] -- (de Sylva 1975:76 [ref. 6302], Daget 1986:350 [ref. 6203]). •Synonym of Sphyraena Artedi, 1793, but a valid subgenus Sphyraenella -- (de Sylva 1984:534 [ref. 13666]). •Synonym of Sphyraena Artedi, 1793 -- (Doiuchi & Nakabo 2005:132 [ref. 28229]). •Synonym of Sphyraena Artedi, 1793 -- (Kottelat 2013:444 [ref. 32989] but dated to Walbaum 1792). Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena Artedi, 1793. Sphyraenidae.
Species Sphyraena acutipinnis Day, 1876 - sharpfin barracuda [=Sphyraena acutipinnis Day [F.], 1876:342, Pl. 79 (fig. 1), Sphyraena japonica Cuvier [G.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829:354, Sphyraena natalensis von Bonde [C.], 1923:10, Pl. 3 (fig. 2)] Notes: [The fishes of India Part 2; ref. 1081] Sind [Sindh], Pakistan, Arabian Sea, western Indian Ocean. Current status: Valid as Sphyraena acutipinnis Day, 1876. Sphyraenidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, South Africa, Madagascar and Réunion (Mascarenes) east to Marquesas Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago, north to southern Japan. Habitat: marine. (japonica) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 3; ref. 4879] Japan. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena acutipinnis Day, 1876. Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. (natalensis) [Report Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa Rep. 3 (art. 1); ref. 521] KwaZulu-Natal coast, 24°35'40"S, 31°21'17"E, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean, Pickle station 299, depth 36 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena acutipinnis Day, 1876. Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine.
Species Sphyraena afra Peters, 1844 - Guinean barracuda [=Sphyraena afra Peters [W. (C. H.)], 1844:32, Sphyraena hupferi Fischer [J. G.], 1885:70, Sphyraena piscatorum Cadenat [J.], 1964:673, Figs. 1, 4, 8C, 10] Notes: [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1844; ref. 13442] Congo River. Current status: Valid as Sphyraena afra Peters, 1844. Sphyraenidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic. Habitat: marine. (hupferi) [Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten v. 2; ref. 18083] Cameroon. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena afra Peters, 1844. Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. (piscatorum) [Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Afrique Noire (Sér A) Sciences Naturelles v. 26 (no. 2); ref. 17963] Gorée, Senegal. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena afra Peters, 1844. Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. Species Sphyraena africana Gilchrist & Thompson, 1909 - African barracuda [=Sphyraena africana Gilchrist [J. D. F.] & Thompson [W. W.], 1909:256] Notes: [Annals of the South African Museum v. 6 (pt 3, no. 5); ref. 1650] Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Valid as Sphyraena africana Gilchrist & Thompson, 1909. Sphyraenidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: marine.
Species Sphyraena arabiansis Abdussamad et al., 2015 - Arabian barracuda [=Sphyraena arabiansis Abdussamad [E. M.], Retheesh [T. B.], Thangaraja [R.], Bineesh [K. K.] & Prakashan [D.], 2015:2, Figs. 1-5] Notes: [Indian Journal of Fisheries v. 62 (no. 2); ref. 33861] Lakshadweep, Island, South-eastern Arabian Sea, India. Current status: Valid as Sphyraena arabiansis Abdussamad, Retheesh, Thangaraja, Bineesh & Prakashan, 2015. Sphyraenidae. Distribution: Arabian Sea. Habitat: marine.
Species Sphyraena argentea Girard, 1854 - Pacific barracuda [=Sphyraena argentea Girard [C. F.], 1854:144] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 7; ref. 5769] San Diego, California, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Sphyraena argentea Girard, 1854. Sphyraenidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.
Species Sphyraena barracuda (Edwards, in Catesby, 1771) - great barracuda [=Esox barracuda Edwards [M.], in Catesby, 1771:1, Sphyraena affinis Rüppell [W. P. E. S.], 1838:98, Sphyraena agam Rüppell [W. P. E. S.], 1838:99, Pl. 25 (fig. 2), Sphyraena akerstromi Whitley [G. P.], 1947:131, Pl. 11 (fig. 1), Esox barracuda Walbaum [J. J.], 1792:94, Sphyraena becuna Lacepède [B. G. E.], 1803:325, 327, Pl. 9 (fig. 3), Sphyraena commersonii Cuvier [G.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829:352, Sphyraena dussumieri Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831:508, Sphyroena kadanar Thiollière [V. J. de l'I.], in Montrouzier, 1857:427 [149], Sphyraena microps Marshall [T. C.], 1953:54, Pl. 2 (fig. 2), Sphyrene nuageuse Liénard [F.], 1843:64, Sphyraena sphyraena var. picuda Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:110, Pl. 29 (upper fig.), Sphyraena snodgrassi Jenkins [O. P.], 1901:388, Fig. 2] Notes: [The natural history of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands; ref. 774] Bahamas, Western Atlantic. Current status: Valid as Sphyraena barracuda (Edwards, 1771). Sphyraenidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and subtropical seas (including Red Sea, Madagascar, Hawaiian Islands), but except not in eastern Pacific (waifs reaching Galápagos Islands). Habitat: marine. (affinis) [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena barracuda (Edwards, 1771). Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. (agam) [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena barracuda (Edwards, 1771). Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. (akerstromi) [Australian Zoologist v. 11 (pt 2); ref. 4708] Lowendal Island, between Barrow Island and the Monte Bello Group, Western Australia. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena barracuda (Edwards, 1771). Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. (barracuda) [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] West Indies. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena barracuda (Edwards, 1771). Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. (becuna) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 5; ref. 4930] No locality [Martinique Island, West Indies]. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena barracuda (Edwards, 1771). Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. (commersonii) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 3; ref. 4879] Indian Seas. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena barracuda (Edwards, 1771). Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. (dussumieri) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Red Sea; Mauritius; Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena barracuda (Edwards, 1771). Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. (kadanar) [Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref. 17789] Woodlark Island, South Pacific. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena barracuda (Edwards, 1771). Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. (microps) [Ichthyogical Notes Queensland No. 2; ref. 12701] Off Comboyuro, inside entrance to Moreton Bay, and Cape Moreton, southern Queensland, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena barracuda (Edwards, 1771). Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. (nuageuse) [Rapport Annuel sur les travaux de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de l'Ile Maurice No. 13 (for 1842-1843); ref. 20927] [Ile Maurice] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena barracuda (Edwards, 1771). Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. (picuda) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] South America. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena barracuda (Edwards, 1771). Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. (snodgrassi) [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 19 (1899); ref. 2340] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena barracuda (Edwards, 1771). Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine.
Species Sphyraena borealis DeKay, 1842 - Northern sennet [=Sphyraena borealis DeKay [J. E.], 1842:39, Pl. 60 (fig. 196)] Notes: [Zoology of New-York; ref. 1098] New York harbor, New York, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Sphyraena borealis DeKay, 1842. Sphyraenidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.
Species Sphyraena ensis Jordan & Gilbert, 1882 - Mexican barracuda [=Sphyraena ensis Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.], 1882:106] Notes: [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 2 (for 1882); ref. 18357] Mazatlán, Sinaloa, western Mexico. Current status: Valid as Sphyraena ensis Jordan & Gilbert, 1882. Sphyraenidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.
Species Sphyraena flavicauda Ruppell, 1838 - yellowtail barracuda [=Sphyraena flavicauda Rüppell [W. P. E. S.], 1838:99, 100, Pl. 25 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Current status: Valid as Sphyraena flavicauda Rüppell, 1838. Sphyraenidae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). Habitat: marine. Species Sphyraena forsteri Cuvier, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829 - bigeye barracuda [=Sphyraena forsteri Cuvier [G.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829:353, Sphyraena goodingi Seale [A.], 1906:18, Fig. 4, Sphyraena toxeuma Fowler [H. W.], 1904:502, Pl. 9 (middle fig.)] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 3; ref. 4879] New Guinea. Current status: Valid as Sphyraena forsteri Cuvier ,1829. Sphyraenidae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Society and Marquesas Islands, north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia and Tonga. Habitat: marine. (goodingi) [Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 3999] Nukuhiva, Marquesas Islands, southern Pacific. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena forsteri Cuvier, 1829. Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. (toxeuma) [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Second series. v. 12 (pt 4); ref. 1367] Padang, Sumatra, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena forsteri Cuvier, 1829. Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine.
Species Sphyraena guachancho Cuvier, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829 - Guachanche barracuda [=Sphyraena guachancho Cuvier [G.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829:342, Sphyraena dubia Bleeker [P.], 1863:70, Pl. 15 (fig. 2), Sphyraena guentheri Haly [A.], 1875:270] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 3; ref. 4879] No locality [likely Havana]. Current status: Valid as Sphyraena guachancho Cuvier, 1829. Sphyraenidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic and eastern Atlantic (Senegal to Angola, Cape Verde Islands). Habitat: marine. (dubia) [Natuurkundige Verhandelingen van de Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen te Haarlem (Ser. 2) v. 18 (1862); ref. 395] Ashantee, Guinea. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena guachancho Cuvier, 1829. Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. (guentheri) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 15 (no. 88) (art. 35); ref. 18241] Colón, (Atlantic) Panama [BMNH binder says Venezuela, Sclater coll.]. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena guachancho Cuvier, 1829. Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine.
Species Sphyraena helleri Jenkins, 1901 - Heller's barracuda [=Sphyraena helleri Jenkins [O. P.], 1901:387, Fig. 1] Notes: [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 19 (1899); ref. 2340] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Current status: Valid as Sphyraena helleri Jenkins, 1901. Sphyraenidae. Distribution: Western and Central Pacific: East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands, Marquesas Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago, north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia (Indian Ocean records uncertain). Habitat: marine.
Species Sphyraena iburiensis Doiuchi & Nakabo, 2005 - Doiuchi's barracuda [=Sphyraena iburiensis Doiuchi [R.] & Nakabo [T.], 2005:133, Figs. 1, 2A, 3A-B] Notes: [Ichthyological Research v. 52 (no. 2); ref. 28229] Iburi, Kochi Prefecture, Japan. Current status: Valid as Sphyraena iburiensis Doiuchi & Nakabo, 2005. Sphyraenidae. Distribution: Western North Pacific and Red Sea. Habitat: marine.
Species Sphyraena idiastes Heller & Snodgrass, 1903 - pelican barracuda [=Sphyraena idiastes Heller [E.] & Snodgrass [R. E.], 1903:190, Pl. 2] Notes: [Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Science. v. 5; ref. 2089] Seymour Island, Galápagos Islands. Current status: Valid as Sphyraena idiastes Heller & Snodgrass, 1903. Sphyraenidae. Distribution: Southeastern Pacific: Peru, Ecuador and Colombia, Galápagos Islands. Habitat: marine.
Species Sphyraena jello Cuvier, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829 - pickhandle barracuda [=Sphyraena jello Cuvier [G.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829:349, Sphyraena altipinnis Ogilby [J. D.], 1910:8, Esox sphyraena var. minor Forsskål [P. S.], 1775:xvi, Sphyraena permisca Smith [J. L. B.], 1956:45, Pl. 2 (fig. 8)] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 3; ref. 4879] Vizagapatam, India. Current status: Valid as Sphyraena jello Cuvier, 1829. Sphyraenidae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Gulf of Aden, East Africa, KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), Madagascar and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Fiji and Tonga, north to Taiwan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine. (altipinnis) [Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland v. 23; ref. 3288] Aru Islands, north of Australia. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena jello Cuvier, 1829. Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. (minor) [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] No locality stated (Red Sea). Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena jello Cuvier, 1829. Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. (permisca) [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 3; ref. 4105] Bazaruto Island, Mozambique, western Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena jello Cuvier, 1829. Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine.
Species Sphyraena lucasana Gill, 1863 - Lucan barracuda [=Sphyraena lucasana Gill [T. N.], 1863:86] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 15; ref. 1679] Cape San Lucas, Baja California, Mexico. Current status: Valid as Sphyraena lucasana Gill, 1863. Sphyraenidae. Distribution: Gulf of California. Habitat: marine.
Species Sphyraena nigripinnis Temminck & Schlegel, 1843 - blacktail barracuda [=Sphyraena nigripinnis Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.], 1843:34, Pl. 13 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Fauna Japonica Parts 2-4; ref. 4371] Nagasaki, Japan. Current status: Valid as Sphyraena nigripinnis Temminck & Schlegel, 1843. Sphyraenidae. Distribution: Western North Pacific: Japan. Habitat: marine.
Species Sphyraena novaehollandiae Gunther, 1860 - Australian barracuda [=Sphyraena novaehollandiae Günther [A.], 1860:335] Notes: [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 2; ref. 1963] Hobson's Bay, Port Phillip, Victoria, Australia. Current status: Valid as Sphyraena novaehollandiae Günther, 1860. Sphyraenidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific [but non-Australian or New Zealand records suspect]. Habitat: marine.
Species Sphyraena obtusata Cuvier, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829 - obtuse barracuda [=Sphyraena obtusata Cuvier [G.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829:350, Sphyraena aureoflammea Seale [A.], 1910:502, Sphyraena brachygnathos Bleeker [P.], 1855:368, Sphyraena grandisquamis Steindachner [F.], 1866:51, Sphyraena langsar Bleeker [P.], 1855:367, Sphyraena lineata Stead [D. G.], 1908:47, Pl. 15, Sphyraena strenua De Vis [C. W.], 1883:287] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 3; ref. 4879] Puducherry, India. Current status: Valid as Sphyraena obtusata Cuvier, 1829. Sphyraenidae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, South Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Samoa, north to southern Japan and Korea, south to Lord Howe Islands and New Caledonia; possible recent Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). Habitat: marine. (aureoflammea) [The Philippine Journal of Science Section A v. 4 (no. 6) (for 1909); ref. 4000] Zamboanga, Mindanao, Philippines. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena obtusata Cuvier, 1829. Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. (brachygnathos) [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 7; ref. 16937] Batjan; Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena obtusata Cuvier, 1829. Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. (grandisquamis) [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe v. 3 (no. 7); ref. 20460] Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena obtusata Cuvier, 1829. Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. (langsar) [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 7; ref. 16937] Batjan and Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena obtusata Cuvier, 1829. Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. (lineata) [The edible fishes of New South Wales; ref. 18743] New South Wales, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena obtusata Cuvier, 1829. Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. (strenua) [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 8 (pt 2); ref. 1088] Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena obtusata Cuvier, 1829. Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine.
Species Sphyraena picudilla Poey, 1860 - Southern sennet [=Sphyraena picudilla Poey [F.], 1860:162] Notes: [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Havana, Cuba. Current status: Valid as Sphyraena picudilla Poey, 1860. Sphyraenidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine. Species Sphyraena pinguis Gunther, 1874 - red barracuda [=Sphyraena pinguis Günther [A.], 1874:157, Sphyraena chrysotaenia Klunzinger [C. B.], 1884:128, 129, Pl. 9 (fig. 3), Sphyraena schlegelii Steindachner [F.], 1896:209] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 13 (no. 74) (art. 23); ref. 14189] Yantai [Chefoo], Shantung Province, China, Western North Pacific. Current status: Valid as Sphyraena pinguis Günther, 1874. Sphyraenidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific from South Africa to Australia; western North Pacific: Japan, Korea and China; introduced into Black Sea. Habitat: marine. (chrysotaenia) [Die Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 2625] Al-Qusair, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena pinguis Günther, 1874. Sphyraenidae. Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East Africa, South Africa and Madagascar east to western India; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant) (if valid). Habitat: marine. (schlegelii) [Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien v. 11; ref. 14618] Kobe, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena pinguis Günther, 1874. Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine.
Species Sphyraena putnamae Jordan & Seale, 1905 - sawtooth barracuda [=Sphyraena putnamae Jordan [D. S.] & Seale [A.], 1905:4, Pl. 13, Sphyraena bleekeri Williams [F.], 1959:122, Pl. 2d, Sphyraena raghava Chaudhuri [B. L.], 1917:500, Figs. 20-21] Notes: [Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Sciences (Iowa). v. 10; ref. 10645] Hong Kong [People's Republic of China, South China Sea, western Pacific]. Current status: Valid as Sphyraena putnamae Jordan & Seale, 1905. Sphyraenidae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and Persian Gulf (Arabian Gulf) east to Fiji and Tuvalu, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine. (bleekeri) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 13) v. 2 (no. 14); ref. 12038] Msuka Bay, North Pemba, 4°53.5'S, 39°43'E, depth 7 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena putnamae Jordan & Seale, 1905. Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. (raghava) [Memoirs of the Indian Museum v. 5 (no. 6); ref. 15087] Satpara, outer channel of Chilka Lake, Orissa, India. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena putnamae Jordan & Seale, 1905. Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. Species Sphyraena qenie Klunzinger, 1870 - blackfin barracuda [=Sphyraena qenie Klunzinger [C. B.], 1870:823, Sphyraena kenie Klunzinger [C. B.], 1884:128, 129, Pl. 9 (figs. 2-2a), Sphyraena tessera Smith [J. L. B.], 1956:43, Pl. 2 (fig. 6)] Notes: [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 20; ref. 2621] Al-Qusair, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea. Current status: Valid as Sphyraena qenie Klunzinger, 1870. Sphyraenidae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa, Seychelles and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Ecuador, Tuamotu Archipelago and Marquesas Islands, north to Hawaiian Islands, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia, Tonga and Rapa; also eastern Pacific at Islas Marías archipelago and southeastern Gulf of California, Mexico. Habitat: marine. (kenie) [Die Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 2625] Al-Qusair, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena qenie Klunzinger, 1870. Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. (tessera) [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 3; ref. 4105] Deep water near Assumption Island, 9°50'S, 46°20'E., Seychelles, western Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena qenie Klunzinger, 1870. Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine.
Species Sphyraena sphyraena (Linnaeus, 1758) - European barracuda [=Esox sphyraena Linnaeus [C.], 1758:313, Sphyraena bocagei Osório [B.], 1891:114, Sphyraena esocina Schinz [H. R.], 1822:467, Mugil hasselquistii Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:xxxii (118-119), Cestreus rondeletii Walbaum [J. J.], 1793:20, Esox spet Haüy [R. J.], 1787:377, Sphyraena spet Lacepède [B. G. E.], 1803:324, 326, Sphyraena vulgaris Cuvier [G.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829:327] Notes: [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Valid as Sphyraena sphyraena (Linnaeus, 1758). Sphyraenidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay to Angola, including Azores, Madeira and Saint Paul's Rocks; western Atlantic: Bermuda and Brazil. Habitat: marine. (bocagei) [Jornal do Sciências Mathemáticas, Physicas e Naturaes, Lisboa (Ser. 2) No. 6; ref. 14502] São Thomé and Rolhos Islands, West Africa. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena sphyraena (Linnaeus, 1758). Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. (esocina) [Das Thierreich v. 2; ref. 3926] Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena sphyraena (Linnaeus, 1758). Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. (hasselquistii) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] No locality. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena sphyraena (Linnaeus, 1758). Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. (rondeletii) [J. T. Kleinii ichthyologia enodata; ref. 12604] [Habitat in mari mediterraneo et Nilo] Mediterranean Sea; Nile River, Egypt. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena sphyraena (Linnaeus, 1758). Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. (spet H) [Encyclopédia méthodique. Histoire naturelle; ref. 18253] No locality. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena sphyraena (Linnaeus, 1758). Sphyraenidae. (spet L) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 5; ref. 4930] Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena sphryaena (Linnaeus, 1758). Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. (vulgaris) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 3; ref. 4879] Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena sphyraena (Linnaeus, 1758). Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine.
Species Sphyraena tome Fowler, 1903 - Fowler's barracuda [=Sphyraena tome Fowler [H. W.], 1903:750, Pl. 46 (upper fig.)] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 55; ref. 1361] Sambaia [probably Brazil]. Current status: Valid as Sphyraena tome Fowler, 1903. Sphyraenidae. Distribution: Southwestern Atlantic. Habitat: marine.
Species Sphyraena viridensis Cuvier, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829 - yellowmouth barracuda [=Sphyraena viridensis Cuvier [G.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829:339] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 3; ref. 4879] St. Jago, Cape Verde Islands. Current status: Valid as Sphyraena viridensis Cuvier, 1829. Sphyraenidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea, eastern Atlantic: Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands, possibly more widespread. Habitat: marine.
Species Sphyraena waitii Ogilby, 1908 - Wait's barracuda [=Sphyraena waitii Ogilby [J. D.], 1908:29] Notes: [Annals of the Queensland Museum No. 9 (pt 1); ref. 3285] Port Jackson District, New South Wales, Australia. Current status: Valid as Sphyraena waitii Ogilby, 1908. Sphyraenidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: marine ***********************************************************
Unavailable names, uncertain taxa
(genera)
Umbla Catesby [M.] 1771:1 [The natural history of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands; ref. 774] Fem. Not available, published in a rejected work on Official Index (Opinion 89, Opinion 259). Sphyraenidae.
(species) americana, Acus Plumier [C.] in Lacepède 1803:327 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 5; ref. 4930] Appeared as Acus americana, rostro longiori in account of Sphyraena acus. Regarded as non-binominal and unavailable. Sphyraenidae.
antillana, Sphyraena Plumier [C.] in Lacepède 1803:327 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 5; ref. 4930] Appeared as Sphyraena antillana, argentocaerulea in account of Sphyraena becuna. Regarded as non-binominal and unavailable. Sphyraenidae. branneri, Sphyraena Miranda Ribeiro [A. de] 1915:Sphyraenidae p. 4 [Arquivos do Museu Nacional de Rio de Janeiro v. 17; ref. 3711] Pernambuco, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNRJ 1742. Type catalog: Miranda Ribeiro 1953:407 [ref. 12732]. On p. 64 when continuously paginated. Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine.
chinensis, Sphyraena Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1803:324, 327, Pl. 10 (fig. 2) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 5; ref. 4930] China. •Possibly a senior synonym of Sphyraena obtusata Cuvier 1829 -- (de Sylva 1975:83 [ref. 6302]). •Regarded as a nomen dubium -- (Doiuchi & Nakabo 2005:148 [ref. 28229]). Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. dentatus, Sphyraena Saville-Kent [W.] (ex De Vis) 1893:293, 370 [The Great Barrier Reef of Australia; its products and potentialites; ref. 13269] Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. No types known. De Vis name mentioned; name only, not available. Sphyraenidae. intermedia, Sphyraena Pastore [M. A.] 2009:1300, Figs. 2 (upper), 3C, 5 (middle), 6B, 7 (=5B) [Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom v. 89 (no. 6); ref. 30405] Mar Grande, Gulf of Taranto, Italy, Mediterranean Sea, 40°23'54.82''N 17°10'56.63''E. Holotype: IAMC-CNR 3274. Paratypes: IAMC-CNR 3255 (1). Plus 17 additional non- type specimens. Described as a "potential" new species, but considered as intentionally established (ICZN Art. 16.1) and therefore available. •Probably as synonym of S. sphyraena or S. viridensis -- (Psomadakis et al. 2012:18 [ref. 33457]). Sphyraenidae. Distribution: Western Mediterranean Sea (if valid). Habitat: marine. koehleri, Sphyraena Curtiss [A.] 1938:43 [A short zoology of Tahiti in the Society islands; ref. 18057] Lagoon near Tautira, Tahiti, Society Islands. No types known. Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. mediterranea, Sphyraena viridensis Relini [M.] & Orsi Relini [L.] 1997:59, Figs. 2-3 [Cybium v. 21 (no. 2); ref. 23099] Mediterranean Sea. Proposed conditionally for a possible Mediterranean subspecies of S. viridensis as "This might justify distinguishing a Mediterranean form of S. viridensis, i.e., S. viridensis mediterranea." Regarded as conditionally proposed and unavailable. •Possibly a subspecies of Sphyraena viridensis Cuvier 1829 -- (Kara & Bourehail 2003:59 [ref. 27026]). Current status: Uncertain as Sphyraena viridensis Cuvier 1829. Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. sagittalis, Sphyraena Goldfuss [G. A.] 1820:33 [Handbuch der Zoologie 2 parts; ref. 1829] Mediterranean Sea; [West Sea] northeastern Atlantic Ocean. Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine. sphyraenoides, Esox Forster [J. R.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829:353 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 3; ref. 4879] Name in synonymy of Sphyraena forsteri Cuvier 1829. Sphyraenidae. megalolepis, Sphyraena Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1877:842 [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1876; ref. 3454] Carteret Harbour, Lambom Island, near Cape Saint-George, southern New Ireland, Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific, ca. 4°48'S, 152°51'E. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Sphyraena flavicauda Rüppell 1838 -- (de Sylva 1975:84 [ref. 6302]). •Not in Sphyraena obtusata group -- (Doiuchi & Nakabo 2005:149 [ref. 28229]). Current status: Synonym of Sphyraena. Sphyraenidae. Habitat: marine.