Experimental Verification of the Concept of Using LOFAR Radio
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Accurate Location Detection 911 Help SMS App
System and method that allows for cost effective location detection accuracy that exceeds current FCC standards. Accurate Location Detection 911 Help SMS App White Paper White Paper: 911 Help SMS App 1 Cost Effective Location Detection Techniques Used by the 911 Help SMS App to Overcome Smartphone Flaws and GPS Discrepancies Minh Tran, DMD Box 1089 Springfield, VA 22151 Phone: (267) 250-0594 Email: [email protected] Introduction As of April 2015, approximately 64% of Americans own smartphones. Although there has been progress with E911 and NG911, locating cell phone callers remains a major obstacle for 911 dispatchers. This white papers gives an overview of techniques used by the 911 Help SMS App to more accurately locate victims indoors and outdoors when using smartphones. Background Location information is not only transmitted to the call center for the purpose of sending emergency services to the scene of the incident, it is used by the wireless network operator to determine to which PSAP to route the call. With regards to E911 Phase 2, wireless network operators must provide the latitude and longitude of callers within 300 meters, within six minutes of a request by a PSAP. To locate a mobile telephone geographically, there are two general approaches. One is to use some form of radiolocation from the cellular network; the other is to use a Global Positioning System receiver built into the phone itself. Radiolocation in cell phones use base stations. Most often this is done through triangulation between radio towers. White Paper: 911 Help SMS App 2 Problem GPS accuracy varies and could incorrectly place the victim’s location at their neighbor’s home. -
CBRS Commercial Weather RADAR Comments WINNF-RC-1001-V1.0.0
CBRS Commercial Weather RADAR Comments Document WINNF-RC-1001 Version V1.0.0 24 July 2017 Spectrum Sharing Committee Steering Group CBRS Commercial Weather RADAR Comments WINNF-RC-1001-V1.0.0 TERMS, CONDITIONS & NOTICES This document has been prepared by the Spectrum Sharing Committee Steering Group to assist The Software Defined Radio Forum Inc. (or its successors or assigns, hereafter “the Forum”). It may be amended or withdrawn at a later time and it is not binding on any member of the Forum or of the Spectrum Sharing Committee Steering Group. Contributors to this document that have submitted copyrighted materials (the Submission) to the Forum for use in this document retain copyright ownership of their original work, while at the same time granting the Forum a non-exclusive, irrevocable, worldwide, perpetual, royalty-free license under the Submitter’s copyrights in the Submission to reproduce, distribute, publish, display, perform, and create derivative works of the Submission based on that original work for the purpose of developing this document under the Forum's own copyright. Permission is granted to the Forum’s participants to copy any portion of this document for legitimate purposes of the Forum. Copying for monetary gain or for other non-Forum related purposes is prohibited. THIS DOCUMENT IS BEING OFFERED WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY WHATSOEVER, AND IN PARTICULAR, ANY WARRANTY OF NON-INFRINGEMENT IS EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMED. ANY USE OF THIS SPECIFICATION SHALL BE MADE ENTIRELY AT THE IMPLEMENTER'S OWN RISK, AND NEITHER THE FORUM, NOR ANY OF ITS MEMBERS OR SUBMITTERS, SHALL HAVE ANY LIABILITY WHATSOEVER TO ANY IMPLEMENTER OR THIRD PARTY FOR ANY DAMAGES OF ANY NATURE WHATSOEVER, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, ARISING FROM THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT. -
Tracking Non-Cooperative Low Earth Orbit Objects Using GNSS Satellites As a Multi-Static Radar
Tracking non-cooperative low earth orbit objects using GNSS satellites as a multi-static radar Md Sohrab Mahmud Andrew Lambert Craig Benson [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] School of Engineering and Information Technology University of New South Wales, Canberra Abstract Space debris is a growing hazard since space activity and the amount of space debris are both increasing. If the risks posed by space object collisions cannot be mitigated, this will hinder the future use of space. Accurate knowledge of the trajectory and behavior of satellites and debris is required to mitigate collision risks as the density of space objects increases. This requires space object tracking systems that are both affordable and scale well for very large numbers of objects under observation. Wide field of view, all-weather, passive systems scale well for reliable surveillance of very large numbers of objects. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites have been proposed as potential illuminators of opportunity to track Low Earth Orbit (LEO) debris, paired with ground-based receivers in a bistatic arrangement. In this paper, we discuss the signal characteristics used in these observations, the results of recent relevant laboratory-based experiments, simulation work performed in preparation for on-orbit experiments of these techniques, and our plans for the development of a system capable of tracking LEO debris to enhance space situational awareness. Introduction Space debris is an existing and growing problem for active satellites and future space missions. Since the first ever space mission, Sputnik 1, up to now, the number of tracked objects as small as 10 cm is catalogued as 43,931 (Kelso, 2018). -
Prof. Hugh Griffiths
Passive Radar - From Inception to Maturity Hugh Griffiths Senior Past President, IEEE AES Society 2017 IEEE Picard Medal IEEE AESS Distinguished Lecturer THALES / Royal Academy of Engineering Chair of RF Sensors University College London Radar Symposium, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 13 February 2017 OUTLINE • Introduction and definitions • Some history • Bistatic radar properties: geometry, radar equation, target properties • Passive radar illuminators • Passive radar systems and results • The future … 2 BISTATIC RADAR: DEFINITIONS MONOSTATIC RADAR MULTILATERATION RADAR Tx & Rx at same, or nearly Radar net using range-only data the same, location MULTISTATIC RADAR BISTATIC RADAR Bistatic radar net with multiple Txs Tx & Rx separated by a and/or RXs. considerable distance in order to achieve a technical, operational or cost benefit HITCHHIKER Bistatic Rx operating with the Tx of a monostatic radar RADAR NET Several radars linked together to improve PASSIVE BISTATIC RADAR coverage* or accuracy Bistatic Rx operating with other Txs of opportunity * Enjoys the union of individual coverage areas. All others 3 require the intersection of individual coverage areas. Coverage area: (SNR + BW + LOS) 3 BISTATIC RADAR • Bistatic radar has potential advantages in detection of stealthy targets which are shaped to scatter energy in directions away from the monostatic • The receiver is covert and therefore safer in many situations • Countermeasures are difficult to deploy against bistatic radar • Increasing use of systems based on unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) makes bistatic systems attractive • Many of the synchronisation and geolocation problems that were previously very difficult are now readily soluble using GPS, and • The extra degrees of freedom may make it easier to extract information from bistatic clutter for remote sensing applications 4 4 BISTATIC RADAR • The first radars were bistatic (till T/R switches were invented) • First resurgence (1950 – 1960): semi-active homing missiles, SPASUR, …. -
P-180U and MARS-L Radar Purchase from Ukraine and Turaf PYAS
P-180U and MARS-L Radar Purchase from Ukraine and TuRAF PYAS Project by İbrahim SÜNNETÇİ According to Ukrainian based combined PSR/ the SSR channel, is given the P-18MA/P-180U radar press, Ukrspetsexport SSR (Primary and as 5,000 hours. system, which is also used (the only institution Secondary Surveillance by the Ukrainian Armed authorized by the Radar) system. The The ground-based VHF Forces, could detect the Ukrainian Government to combined use of primary (metric band) P-180U F-117A Nighthawk Stealth fulfill the export potential and secondary channels (P-18MA) is a long- Fighter from 61km. of Ukraine's military- considerably increases range surveillance radar industrial complex), a the detection range and which provides the radar There are different subsidiary of the Ukrainian accuracy of finding the information and flight speculations regarding state-owned defense coordinates of aerial routes of aerial objects. the procurement company UkroBoronProm objects. Additionally, the The solid-state P-180U of the MARS-L and (UOP), delivered two availability of additional is the modernized and P-180U radars, which P-180U and two MARS-L aircraft information improved version of are considered to be radars to SSTEK Defense such as current altitude, the VHF-Band 2D (two- capable of detecting Industry Technologies in remaining fuel, condition dimensional, provides only stealth aircraft as they late December 2019, under of the onboard systems, azimuth and range data) operate on the L and VHF a contract worth US$11,144 etc., together with P-18 early warning radar bands, by SSTEK Defense million. According to the primary radar information, developed during the Industry Technologies, reports, the total cost of significantly increases Soviet Union. -
China's Strategic Modernization: Implications for the United States
CHINA’S STRATEGIC MODERNIZATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE UNITED STATES Mark A. Stokes September 1999 ***** The views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of the Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This report is cleared for public release; distribution is unlimited. ***** Comments pertaining to this report are invited and should be forwarded to: Director, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 122 Forbes Ave., Carlisle, PA 17013-5244. Copies of this report may be obtained from the Publications and Production Office by calling commercial (717) 245-4133, FAX (717) 245-3820, or via the Internet at [email protected] ***** Selected 1993, 1994, and all later Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) monographs are available on the SSI Homepage for electronic dissemination. SSI’s Homepage address is: http://carlisle-www.army. mil/usassi/welcome.htm ***** The Strategic Studies Institute publishes a monthly e-mail newsletter to update the national security community on the research of our analysts, recent and forthcoming publications, and upcoming conferences sponsored by the Institute. Each newsletter also provides a strategic commentary by one of our research analysts. If you are interested in receiving this newsletter, please let us know by e-mail at [email protected] or by calling (717) 245-3133. ISBN 1-58487-004-4 ii CONTENTS Foreword .......................................v 1. Introduction ...................................1 2. Foundations of Strategic Modernization ............5 3. China’s Quest for Information Dominance ......... 25 4. -
DOC-370264A1.Pdf
February 24, 2021 FACT SHEET* Facilitating Shared Use in the 3.1-3.55 GHz Band Second Report and Order, Order on Reconsideration, and Order of Proposed Modification, WT Docket No. 19-348 Background The Beat China by Harnessing Important, National Airwaves for 5G Act of 2020, which was included in the Fiscal Year 2021 omnibus spending bill, requires the Commission to work with its Federal partners to bring all of the 3.45 GHz band spectrum to market for next-generation wireless use through a system of competitive bidding by December 31, 2021. Beginning the implementation of this Congressional mandate, this item reallocates 100 megahertz in the 3.45 GHz band for flexible use wireless services and adopt rules to implement the new 3.45 GHz Service, The framework adopted for the 3.45 GHz band will enable full-power commercial use and provide flexibility to future licensees in deploying their networks in this band, while also ensuring that federal incumbents are still protected where and when they require continued access to the band. What the Second Report and Order Would Do: • Make 100 megahertz of spectrum in the 3.45 GHz band available for flexible use wireless services throughout the contiguous United States; • Add a co-primary, non-federal fixed and mobile (except aeronautical mobile) allocation to the band; • Create a regime to coordinate non-federal and federal use of spectrum by adopting Cooperative Planning Areas and Periodic Use Areas and establishing coordination procedures; • Adopt a band plan and technical, licensing, and competitive -
Time of Arrival (TOA) Based Radiolocation Architecture in CDMA Systems and Its Performance Analysis
International Journal of Computer and Communication Engineering Time of Arrival (TOA) Based Radiolocation Architecture in CDMA Systems and Its Performance Analysis Abir Ahmed1*, Tamim Hossain1, Kefayet Ullah2, Md. Humayun Kabir3 1 Telecommunication, American International University, Bangladesh. 2 Electrical and Electronic Engineering, American International University, Bangladesh. 3 Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineer, American International University, Bangladesh. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +8801911195987; email: [email protected] Manuscript submitted January 10, 2018; accepted March 8, 2018. doi: 10.17706/ijcce.2018.7.3.85-97 Abstract: A popular approach, called as Radiolocation, measures parameters of radio signals that travel between a Mobile Station (MS) and a set of fixed transceivers, which are subsequently used to derive the location estimation of MS. The purpose of this research was to investigate the performance of Time of Arrival (TOA) based Radiolocation approach for finding the location of MS in the CDMA cellular networks. Another aim was to find out suitable location estimation algorithm using measured parameters by Radiolocation approach. Finally, the accuracy of the Radiolocation was examined by comparing two different location estimation algorithms. Two different algorithms for position estimation methods, named as Neural Networks and Least Square algorithms, were used to determine the location of MS. The simulation results suggested that the Neural Network algorithm provides better accuracy in position estimation which were depicted by supportive simulation results in the article. Key words: Time of arrival (TOA), radiolocation, neural networks, least square algorithms. 1. Introduction Time of arrival (TOA), the strength of a signal and Angle of arrival (AOA) techniques are among those techniques that can be utilized to approximate and evaluate the position of Primary users. -
Commercial Systems in 3100-3550
Technical Characteristics of Potential Commercial Systems Operating in Some or All of the U.S. 3100-3550 MHz Band Working Document WINNF-TR-1001 Version 0.0.0(IR1) – r5.1 26 July 2019 Advanced Technologies Committee 3100 to 3550 Task Group Commercial Systems in 3100 to 3550 MHz WINNF-TR-1001-V0.0.0(IR1) – r5.1 TERMS, CONDITIONS & NOTICES This document has been prepared by the Advanced Technology Committee’s 3100-3550 MHz Task Group to assist The Software Defined Radio Forum Inc. (or its successors or assigns, hereafter “the Forum”). It may be amended or withdrawn at a later time and it is not binding on any member of the Forum or of the Advanced Technology Committee. Contributors to this document that have submitted copyrighted materials (the Submission) to the Forum for use in this document retain copyright ownership of their original work, while at the same time granting the Forum a non-exclusive, irrevocable, worldwide, perpetual, royalty-free license under the Submitter’s copyrights in the Submission to reproduce, distribute, publish, display, perform, and create derivative works of the Submission based on that original work for the purpose of developing this document under the Forum's own copyright. Permission is granted to the Forum’s participants to copy any portion of this document for legitimate purposes of the Forum. Copying for monetary gain or for other non-Forum related purposes is prohibited. THIS DOCUMENT IS BEING OFFERED WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY WHATSOEVER, AND IN PARTICULAR, ANY WARRANTY OF NON-INFRINGEMENT IS EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMED. ANY USE OF THIS SPECIFICATION SHALL BE MADE ENTIRELY AT THE IMPLEMENTER'S OWN RISK, AND NEITHER THE FORUM, NOR ANY OF ITS MEMBERS OR SUBMITTERS, SHALL HAVE ANY LIABILITY WHATSOEVER TO ANY IMPLEMENTER OR THIRD PARTY FOR ANY DAMAGES OF ANY NATURE WHATSOEVER, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, ARISING FROM THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT. -
Bistatic Radar with Thinned Receiving Phased Array for Airports Surveillance
BISTATIC RADAR WITH THINNED RECEIVED PHASED ARRAY M. Cherniakov University of Birmingham Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK [email protected] Abstract The presented concept of bistatic radar can have significant benefit for airport surveillance. It may be described as a bistatic semi-active radar which utilizes one of the available airport area surveillance radars as the transmitter and a receiving only, slave radar. The passive radar contains an electronically scanned antenna phased array which is essentially thinned. The grating lobes are suppressed in this system by the transmitting radar acting as a space filter. At the conceptual level of the paper the advantages and limitations of the proposed radar architecture are considered. 1 Introduction The primary goal of this conceptual paper is to introduce the topology and basic performance analysis of bistatic radar (BR) with essentially different transmitting and receiving antennas. This BR can be described as bistatic semi-active radar that utilize as the illuminator (transmitter) one of the available surveillance radars (master radar - MR) and a passive, receiving only, radar (slave radar - SR). Presumably MR and SR are operating independently, but if expedient or necessary the obtained data could be collected at one position for further data or information fusion. In the SR radar, a phased array is proposed which provides essentially better angle resolution (order or more) in comparison with the master radar within a given sector. 360 0 observation Mechanical scanning MR Synchronization channel :0 SR observation Phased array antenna Electronic scanning Figure 1: System topology An example of possible system topology is shown in Figure 1. -
GNSS Based Passive Radar for UAV Monitoring
GNSS Based Passive Radar for UAV Monitoring Christos V. Ilioudis, Jianlin Cao, Ilias Theodorou, Pasquale Striano William Coventry, Carmine Clemente and John Soraghan Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of Strathclyde Glasgow, UK Email: fc.ilioudis, jianlin.cao, ilias.theodorou, pasquale.striano, william.coventry, carmine.clemente, [email protected] Abstract—Monitoring of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) tar- helicopter targets when operating in near FSR configuration. gets has been a subject of great importance in both defence Moreover, in [7] the Doppler information extraction in a GNSS and security sectors. In this paper a novel system is introduced based FSR was validated, while the authors in [8] suggested a based on a passive bistatic radar using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) as illuminators of opportunity. Particularly, a filter bank based algorithm that is able to estimate range and link budget analysis is held to determine the capabilities and velocity parameters of the moving target. limitations of such a system. Additionally, a signal reconstruction In [9] a GNSS based PBR was proposed for synthetic algorithm is provided allowing estimation of the transmitted aperture radar (SAR) applications using a synchronization signal from each satellite. Finally, the proposed system is tested algorithm to generate the reference, satellite, signal at the in outdoor acquisitions of small UAV targets where the Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT) is used as tool to enhance target receiver. Based on the same principles, the authors in [10] detectability. proposed and experimentally validated a GNSS PBR system Index Terms—GNSS, Passive Radar, UAV, Forward Scattering design for maritime target detection. -
Development of Passive Bistatic Radars Based on Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing Modulated Signals for Short and Medium Range Surveillance
Development of Passive Bistatic Radars based on Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing modulated signals for short and medium range surveillance Facoltà di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, Informatica e Statistica Dottorato di Ricerca in Telerilevamento XXVIII Ciclo Candidato Claudio Palmarini 1151374 Tutor Prof. Pierfrancesco Lombardo 2 INDEX 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 5 2 Exploited signals of opportunity ................................................................................................................................. 7 2.1 OFDM Modulation............................................................................................................................................. 7 2.2 DVB-T signal characteristics .............................................................................................................................. 8 2.3 DAB signal characteristics ............................................................................................................................... 12 2.3.1 DAB in Italy .................................................................................................................................................. 14 2.4 OFDM Modulated signals as opportunity signals ............................................................................................ 16 3 DVB-T based PBR .....................................................................................................................................................