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8. Gutachten uber 30 Substanzen der Amphetamin- Reihe, Or W. Keup (1984)

2. Report by INTERPOL

The INTERPOL report emphasized the status of fenetylline (captagone) on the illicit dr ua market. Seizures of captagone were reported from 13 countries mostly in the Middle and Near East with the volume of seizures increasing from 2.08 million units in 1981 to more', th an 11.87 million in 1983. Data were not available on other listed substances because information collection was suspended by INTERPOL in January 1984 following notice of cancellation of the 9th Review of Psychoactive Substances meeting. In the discussions which followed, the need for collecting and presenting comparative data on the illicit traffic , in scheduled substances of the same class was noted. "

3. Report by the United Nations Division of Narcotic Drugs (UNDND)

The report from' UNDNDsummarized .responses from 45 Member States, which listed isolat d cases of abuse and seizures of a number of the listed substances . "

In the discussion which followed, two fundamental issues were examined. Data obtaine d from specific States, by different collecting agencies (INTERPOL, UNDND, etc.), during th e same time period, may differ significantly. Information was, for , example, submitted to 'cc,, " INTERPOL on fenetylline from Jordan, Lebanon and Saudi Arabia but not to UNDND. In addi tion, dissimilar data appear to result , from different - sources of information within the Membel:;~ States providing dat 'aand because di fferent meanings are ascribed to terms (e .g., "abuse" ,). To improve the comparability of the data collected among States ', the need to defineprec iaely the terms used was noted. . 4. Pharmacological data

Amphetamine,-like drugs were classified into two general categories: hallucinogens : and stimulants; the pharmacological profile of amphetamines share either one or both of ' thesllc properties to some extent. These properties are very relevant to predicting ' the abuse I f liability of such substances and' their ill-effects. The epidemiological data on the public health and social problems associated with the use of these substances would appear to be.. more applicable in assessing them for international control than do, 1aborat-ory data. Ati:' present, while limited data on these substances are available, active research is current ly being conducted in these areas, and useful results may be available in the near future.

5. Reports from countries

A report from Canada was presented in which the 28 uncontrolled amphetamines were " classified into three groups~marketed substances (16); unmarketed substances with potent ial medical use (2); and drugs with no known medical useOO). The last category of substanc e. has been associated with reports of abuse, toxic reactions, and possible deaths. The need for a more comprehensive review of all the substances was emphasized and attention was d·raw to the hazards produced by dimethoxybromoamphetamine (DOB) and methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), namely, their abuse and the adverse reactions and toxicity associated with their u.e.

A NIDA (USA) report sUlllUarized the existing control status of these substances in t he United St~t~s;of the listed substances, 8 are in Schedule I of the Controlled Sub&tance. Act. While ~o urgent problems exist at present in the United States, of all the substanc es MDA and DOB appeared to be worthy of consideration for international control. No, abuse " problem has been reported with fenety1line in the United States of America, although some quantities of the substance have been seized in illicit transit. In the report from the Federal Republic of Germany, fenetylline was emphasized as constituting a major public health and social problem. In addition, some problems are als o associated with the non-medical use of cathine.

The availability of the listed substances in Brazil was reviewed and fencamfamine and pyrovalerone were observed to be creating some problems. MNH/PAD/84.4 page 3

Discussions and conclusions

6.1 It was unanimously agreed that a more comprehensive data base would be required by the Expert Committee to critically evaluate the listed substances and make recommendations on their international control, based upon the newly developed "Guidelines for the WHOProgramme for the Review of Psychoactive Substances for International Control".

6.2 From among the 28 substances listed, dimethoxybromoamphetamine (DOB) and thylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) have been observed to be associated with causing public health and social problems in a number of WHOMember States, and it was recommended that the Director-General should prepare a notification for international control in Schedule I of the convention on Psychotropic Substances.

In the case of the hallucinogen, MDA, which has no known medical use, reports indicate th. t there is evidence of abuse, toxicity and substance-related deaths in Australia, Canada, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. The presence of MDA in the il licit drug market, evidenced by seizure data, illicit traffic and the discovery of clandestine manufacturing laboratories in a number of countries, including the United States of .America further illustrate the magnitude of the problem this substance presents.

The hallucinogen DOB has no medically accepted use and has been reported to be •• sociated with toxicity, morbidity and mortality. Seizure incidents have also been reported from some countries, including Australia, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States of rica.

6.3 The committee further suggested that this report be submitted to the Director-General together with its recommendations about WHOnotifications to the Secr~tary-Generalof the United Nations. It was unanimously agreed that all 28 Hsted .ub stances, including DOB and MDA, be formally reviewed by the next Expert Committee on Drug Dependence, in accordance with the new procedures. MNH/PAD/84.4 page 4

ANNEX1

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

1. Dr Smail Bouzer,* Deputy Director of Pharmacy, Ministry of Public Health, Algiers, Algeria

2. Dr V. M. Bulaev, Deputy Chief, Department for the Introduction of New Drugs and Medical Technology, Ministry of Health of the USSR, Rahmanovskij per. 3, 1011431 CSP Moscow N-5l, USSR

3. Professor E. A. Carlini, Department of Psychobiology, Paulista School of Medicine, Rue Botucata 862 - 10, Andar 040233, Sao Paulo SP, Brazil

4. Dr W. Keup, Professor of Psychiatry, Jos-Schauer-Strasse 10, 8039 Puchheim, Federal Republic of Germany

5. Dr Jacques G. LeCavalier, Director, Bureau of Dangerous Drugs, Health Protection Branch, ·· Ottawa, Canada

6. Dr o. Ogunremi, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria (Rapporteur)

7. Professor Bror Rexed, Thomas Heftyes Gate l4C, Oslo 2, Norway (Chairman)

8. Dr C. R. Schuster, Director, Drug Dependence Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States of America

9. Dr T. Yanagita, Director, Preclinical Research Laboratories, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan

REPRESENTATIVESOF OTHER ORGANIZATIONS

United Nations Division of Narcotic Drugs

Mr P. K. Bailey, Chief, Treaty Implementation and Commission Secretariat Section, Unibed Nations Division of Narcotic Drugs, Vienna International Centre, Vienna, Austria

Mr F. Ramos Galino, Deputy Director, United Nations Divison of Narcotic Drugs, Vienna International Centre, Vienna, Austria

International Narcotics Control Board

Hr A. Bahi, Secretary, International Narcotics Control Board, Vienna International Centre, Vienna, Austria International Criminal Police Organization

Mr Helge De Fine, Specialist Officer in charge of Psychotropic Substances, International Criminal Police Organization, 26 rue Armengaud, Saint-Cloud, France

WHOCOLLABORATING CENTRES

National Institute of Drug Abuse

Dr James Cooper, Assistant Director for Medical Affairs, NIDA, Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockvi11e, Maryland 20857, United States of America

Mr A11an Duncan,* Deputy Associate Commissioner for Health Affairs, FDA, Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, Maryland 20857, United States America

* Invited but unable to attend. MNH/PAD/84.4 page 5

Annex 1 In.tituto Mexicano de Psiquiatria, Mexico*

Health Research Institute, Chulangkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand*

Jational Drug Dependence Clinical Research Centre, Universiti Sains, Penang, Malaysia*

'," 'WHO SECRETARIAT

""~rMichael C. Gerald, Consultant, Division of Mental Health, WHO, Geneva (Co-Rapporteur)

Hr T. Ito, Pharmacist, Division of Mental Health, WHO, Geneva

Or lnayat Khan, Senior Medical Officer, Division of Mental Health, WHO, Geneva (Secretary)

'. Dr Norman Sartorius, Director, Divison of Mental Health, WHO, Geneva

...... ;. ---:----- * Inv1ted. but unable to attend. MNH/PAD/84.4 page 6

ANNEX2

LIST OF SUBSTANCES CONSIDERED BY THE AD HOC CONSULTATIONON ACTION CONCERNING "UNCONTROLLEDAMPHETAMINES"

Geneva, 17 March 1984

1. Cathine (norpseudophedrine) 2. Cathinone 3. C1obenzorex 4. Dimethoxyamphetamine '::" 5. Dimethoxybromoamphetamine (DOB) 6. Eti1amfetamine (ethy1amphetamine) 7. Fenbutrazate 8. Fencamfamine 9. Fenet y11ine 10. Fenproporex 11. Furfenorex 12. Levamfetamine 13. Levomethamphetamine 14. Mefenorex 15. Methoxyamphetamine (PMA) 16. Methy1enedioxyamphetamine (MDA) 17. Morazone 18. para-methoxyamphetamine 19. Pemoline 20. Propy1hexedrine 21. Pyrova1erone 22. Trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA) 23. 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethy1amine 24. 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethy1amphetamine (DOET) 25. N,N-Dimethy1amphetamine (dimetamfetamine) 26. N-Ethyl-3,4,Methy1enedioxyamphetamine (N-Ethy1-MDA) 27 . 5-Methoxy-3,4-methy1enedioxyamphetamine (MMDA) 28. 3,4-Methy1enedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) HNH/PAD/84.4 page 7

ANNEX 3

CONTENTSOF THE FILE

1. Note for the Record. Correspondence between Degussa Phama Gruppe and Dr I. Khan

2. Note from Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence, United States of America

3. Review of Uncontrolled Amphetamines for Provisional International Control (MNH/PAD/84.l0) , Dr M. C. Gerald

4. INTERPOL Report - Status of Fenetylline (February 1984)

5. United Nations Division of Narcotic Drugs Report (MNAR/1984/4)

.6. Summary of Substance List. Report from the Government of Canada, Mr J. G. LeCavalier

7. Phenethylamines. Report from National Institute on Drug Abuse, United States of America, Dr J. Cooper

8. Gutachten uber 30 Substanzen der Amphetamin- Reihe, Dr W. Keup