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INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Z eeb Road. Ann Arbor.Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9505244 Young children’s acceptance of the gifted label Lai, Tsuei-Yuan, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1994 UMI 300 N. ZeebRd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 YOUNG CHILDREN'S ACCEPTANCE OF GIFTED LABEL DISSERTATION Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Tsuei-yuan Lai, B.A. M. A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 1994 Dissertation Committee: Approved by James L. Collins, Ph. D. William E. Loadman, Ph. D. Raymond H. Swassing, Ed. D. Adviser College of Education To my parents, my sisters, brother, and my husband Eric, for their love and support ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to express sincere appreciation to her advisor Dr. Raymond H. Swassing for his unrelenting assistance and time commitment throughout the course of this project. In addition, I would like to thank Dr. Ann Robinson of University of Arkansas at Little Rock for providing her questionnaire to me and Dr. Wu-Ten Wu of National Taiwan Normal University for helping me do my research in Taiwan. The author would also like to acknowledge the contributions of Dr. Swassing, Dr. William E. Loadman, Dr. James L. Collins, Dr. Elsie J. Alberty, and Dr. Rosemary Bolig in the development of my knowledge and skills in the area of gifted education. Thanks also go to my friends Min-hsu Juan and Shuo-hsu Ho, for their assistance in assessment of the data in this study. VITA April 23, 1964............... Born - Taichung, Taiwan 1989 B.A. Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan 1991 M.A. The Ohio State University FIELD OF STUDY Major Field: Education Studies in Gifted Education & Early Childhood Education TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION......................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................... iii VITA............................................... iv LIST OF TABLES..................................... vii LIST OF FIGURES.................................... x CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION............................... 1 Purpose of Gifted Labeling................. 1 Issues Concerning Early Labeling........... 2 Statement of Problem ................ 4 Definition of Terms........................ 5 Research Hypotheses........................ 6 II. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE................... 8 Definition of Gifted and Talented.......... 8 Identification of the gifted and Talented... 14 Gifted Education in Taiwan................. 22 Geographical and Political Background.. 22 Historical Background................. 23 History of Gifted Education........... 23 Definition of Gifted and Talented 24 Identification........................ 24 Support System........................ 27 Program Design........................ 29 Teacher Training...................... 30 Resources Provided.................... 30 Students' Enrichment and Acceleration.. 31 Program Evaluation and Research....... 34 Facing Problems....................... 34 Perspective........................... 37 Conclusion............................ 37 Labeling Framework......................... 38 The Effects of Gifted Labeling............. 40 v III. METHOD..................................... 43 Subjects................................... 43 Instrument................................. 49 Data Collection Procedures................. 49 Pilot Study................................ 51 Data Analysis.............................. 51 Validity and Reliability................... 55 Statistical Analysis....................... 55 IV. RESULTS.................................... 57 Analysis on Likert Scale Items............. 57 Analysis on Open-Ended Items............... 113 V. DISCUSSION................................. 124 Findings.......................... 125 Limitation of Study........................ 131 Directions for Future Research............. 132 Summary.................................... 133 LIST OF REFERENCES................................... 138 APPENDICES A. QUESTIONNAIRE................................. 145 B. QUESTIONNAIRE (CHINESE)...................... 149 C. LETTER TO PRINCIPAL AND TEACHER............. 152 D. LETTER TO PRINCIPAL AND TEACHER (CHINESE) 154 E. CONSENT FORM................................. 157 F. CONSENT FORM (CHINESE)....................... 159 G. QUESTIONNAIRE INSTRUCTION SHEET............. 161 H. QUESTIONNAIRE INSTRUCTION SHEET............. 163 I. PERMISSION OF USING QUESTIONNAIRE............ 165 vi LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 1. Means and Standard Deviations for Question Number One by Groups........................... 58 2. Three-Way ANOVA on Question Number One by Gender, Grade and School....................... 60 3. Means and Standard Deviations for Question Number Two by Groups........................... 61 4. Three-Way ANOVA on Question Number Two by Gender, Grade and School....................... 62 5. Table of Question Number One by Question Number Two..................................... 64 6. Means and Standard Deviations for Question Number Three by Groups......................... 66 7. Table of Question Number One by Question Number Three................................... 68 8. Means and Standard Deviations for Question Number Four by Groups.......................... 70 9. Two-Way ANOVA on Question Number Four by Gender and Gifted Area......................... 71 10. Three-Way ANOVA on Question Number Four by Gender, Grade and School....................... 72 11. Table of Question Number One by Question Number Four ................................... 74 12. Means and Standard Deviations for Question Number Five by Groups.......................... 7 6 13. Two-Way ANOVA on Question Number Five by Gender and Gifted Area......................... 77 vii 14. Table of Question Number One by Question Number Five.................................... 78 15. Means and Standard Deviations for Question Number Six by Groups........................... 80 16. Three-Way ANOVA on Question Number Six by Gender, Grade and School....................... 82 17. Table of Question Number One by Question Number Six..................................... 83 18. Means and Standard Deviations for Question Number Seven by Groups.......... 85 19. One-Way ANOVA on Question Number Seven by Gender......................................... 86 20. One-Way ANOVA on Question Number Seven by Grade. 87 21. One-Way ANOVA on Question Number Seven by Gifted Area.................................... 87 22. One-Way ANOVA on Question Number Seven by School......................................... 88 23. Table of Question Number One by Question Number Seven................................... 89 24. Means and Standard Deviations for Question Number Eight by Groups......................... 91 25. Three-Way ANOVA on Question Number Eight by Gender, Grade and School....................... 93 26. Table of Question Number One by Question Number Eight................................... 94 27. Means and Standard Deviations for Question Number Nine by Groups.......................... 96 28. Three-Way ANOVA on Question Number Nine by Gender, Grade and School....................... 98 viii 29. Table of Question Number One by Question Number Nine.................................... 99 30. Means and Standard Deviations for Question Number Ten by Groups........................... 101 31. Three-Way ANOVA on Question Number Ten by Gender, Grade and School...................... 102 32. Table of Question Number One by Question Number Ten..................................... 103 33. Means and Standard Deviations for Question Number Eleven by Groups........................ 105 34. Three-Way ANOVA on Question Number Eleven by Gender, Grade and School........................ 107 35. Table of Question Number One by Question Number Eleven.................................. 108 36. Means and Standard Deviations for Question Number Twelve by Groups......................... 110 37. Table of Question Number One by Question Number Twelve.................................. 112 ix I LIST OF FIGURES FIGURES PAGE 1. Screening Procedures for gifted