Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region

This document has been scanned from hard-copy archives for research and study purposes. Please note not all information may be current. We have tried, in preparing this copy, to make the content accessible to the widest possible audience but in some cases we recognise that the automatic text recognition maybe inadequate and we apologise in advance for any inconvenience this may cause. FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 23

FLORA SURVEY, GLEN INNES MANAGEMENT AREA, NORTHERN REGION

DOUG BINNS

, ,ft~:t'" , , ,

FORESTRY COMMISSION OF NEW SOUTH WALES .,,

/ t' \ FLORA SURVEY, GLEN INNES MANAGEMENT AREA NORTHERN REGION

~, ,

DOUGBINNS

FOREST ECOLOGY AND SILVICULTURE SECTION RESEARCH DIVISION FORESTRY COMMISSION OF NEW SOUTH WALES SYDNEY 1992 Forest Resources Series No. 23 October, 1992

, . ,

Published by:

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales, Research Division, 27 Oratava Avenue, West Pennant Hills, 2125 P.O. Box 100, Beecroft 2119 Australia.

ODC 17--05(944) ISSN 1033-1220 ISBN 0 7305 9649 4

J-' L Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area. -i- Northem Region

TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION 1

METHODS 1 1. Plot!.JOcation ; 1 2. Floristic and Vegetation Structural Data .4 3. Habitat Data ; 4 4. Limitations 4 5. Taxonomy andNomenclature 5 6. Data Analysis 6 RESULTS 6 1. Floristics 6 2. Overstorey Communities : 7 3. Comparison ofNew South Wales Forestry Commission Forest Types as Mapped .. 12 and Overstorey Floristic Communities 4. Non-eucalypt (tlUnderstorey") Floristic Communities 14 5. !.JOgging Impact 17 6. Fire Impact 18 DISCUSSION 18 1. General 18 2. Significant Plant Species 18 3. Conservation Status ofPlant Communities 25 4 Impact of!.JOgging 29 5. Impact ofFire 29 6. Impact ofGrazing 30 . 7. Weeds 30 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 30 REFERENCES 31 TABLES Table 1. Distribution ofplots by map unit and overstorey communities 13 Table 2. Distribution ofplots by overstorey and understorey communities 16 .~ < Table 3. Comparison ofeucalypt forest types ~ 27

't4 r FIGURES Figure lA. Locations ofsurvey plots 2 Figure lB. Locations ofsurvey plots 3 Figure 2. Dendrogram at the 29 class level, for overstorey 8

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales ;------~ -- - --

Flora Survey, GlenInnes Management Area, Northern Region -ii-

Figure 3. Dendrogram at the 35 class level, for understorey 15 Figure 4. Scatterplot ofMDS, co-ordinates group 1, logging history superimposed 19 Figure 5. Scatterplot ofMDS, co-ordinates group 2, logging history superimposed 20 Figure 6. Scatterplot ofMDS, co-ordinates group 1, fire history superimposed 21 Figure 7. Scatterplot ofMDS, co-ordinates group 2, fire history superimposed 22

APPENDICES ) Appendix 1. Taxonomic list ofvascular plant species 32 Appendix 2. Frequency ofoccurrence ofplant species in State Forests 52 Appendix 3. Frequency ofoccurrence ofplant species by vegetation type 69 Appendix 4. Descriptions offloristic communities 83 Appendix 5. Descriptions ofForest Type map units 96

) r

Forestry Comniission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, -1- Northern Region

INTRODUCTION This report presents the results ofa flora survey undertaken in the State Forests ofGlen Innes Management Area, on the northern tableland and escarpment north and east ofGlen Innes, New South Wales. This area is described by the Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales (1986). The survey was in the context ofmanagement ofthe area for commercial forestry purposes. Most ofthe field work was carried out by D. Binns and T. Brassil, with some assistance from T. Tweedie, during April 1991 and August 1991.

METHODS

1. Plot Location

Floristic data were derived from a series ofnon-permanent plots established within the study area. Plots were initially marked on 1:25 000 topographic maps using stratified random sampling. Plot points in previously unlogged areas were stratified primarily by vegetation type, on the basis ofmaps ofForest Types (Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales, 1989) previously prepared from aerial photograph interpretation with extensive field checking (Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales unpubl. maps). Numbers ofplots per Forest Type were allocated according to variability ofgeological substrate and total extent oftype. A single plot was located in the least extensive types and up to four plots in the most extensive types. For each ofthe most extensive types, up to six plots were also located in previously logged areas. In Butterleaf State Forest and the northern part ofCurramore State Forest, for which vegetation maps do not exist, plots were located subjectively to sample a range of habitat types. Forest Types have not been mapped over large areas ofsteep to precipitous topography on the eastern escarpment. These areas are ofnegligible interest for commercial forestry, and preliminary field inspection suggested that extensive areas were floristically relatively uniform and were also likely to be oflittle botanical interest. Sampling intensity in these areas was very low and aimed at minimum representation ofmajor vegetation types plus sampling ofthe small areas of particular interest, such as rainforest patches and rock outcrops.

An excess ofplots was marked in more extensive strata. Final sample plots were chosen from these to favour plots which could be sampled en route to those in less extensive strata. This strategy was designed to ensure efficient sampling ofthe full range ofhabitats while reducing unproductive travelling time as far as possible. Final plot positions were transferred to the field as accurately as possible using topographic features. Plots were located to ensure that each geology type in the area was sampled.

In the field, plots were positioned as far as possible within a relatively homogeneous patch of vegetation. The standard size was a 50 m x 20 m (0.1 ha) rectangle, although some habitats required a variation in size or shape to ensure homogeneity within one plot e.g. longer or narrower plots were used for riparian vegetation, and smaller plots for vegetation ofrestricted extent. A total of82 plots was surveyed during the present survey. Approximate locations are shown in Figures lA and lB.

Some additional floristic data were available from limited surveys in London Bridge State Forest by T. Tweedie (Watts and Tweedie, pers. comm.). These data have been included where appropriate, but were not sufficiently compatible to be used for community analysis. Additional overstorey data ( (estimates ofbasal area using optical wedge counts) were available from habitat measurements for an owl survey being undertaken in the area (R. Kavanagh,pers. comm.). These have been included in the overstorey analysis.

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission o(New South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -2-

1$2'.' I

.. ) DL..' ...... i'4k. )

Figure lA. Approximate locations offlora survey plots, Glen Innes Management Area. ButterleafState Forest, Curramore State Forest, Gibraltar Range State Forest, Glen Elgin State Forest, Moogem State Forest, Mt. Mitehell State Forest.

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, GlenInnes Management Area, -3- Northern Region

E '!Q .. ... ~ I J z~

+ "+

J ...... N (

Figure lB. Approximate locations offlora survey plots, Glen Innes Management Area, BrotherState Forest, Glen Nevis State Forest, London Bridge State Forest, Oakwood State Forest, Torrington State Forest, Warra State Forest,

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -4-

2. Floristic and Vegetation Structural Data

All plant species which could be distinguished within a plot were recorded and identified as far as possible to species level. Vertical heights ofvegetation strata were subjectively defined and recorded for each plot. Stratum limits of0-1 m, 1-6 m, 6-20 m and 20-35 m and >35 m were used as a guide for the coding ofstructural data, even though actual heights were recorded.

Cover codes, based on projected canopy cover, were estimated for each species within each vertical stratum. Where a species occurred in more than one stratum, an overall cover code for the plot as a whole was also recorded. Codes are as follows:

Cover Code Projected Canopy Cover

1 < 5%, few individuals

2 < 5%, any number ofindividuals

3 6-25%

4 26-50%

5 51-75%

6 >75%

The locations ofany occurrences ofsignificant species noted while traversing the area, additional to those occurring in plots, and any species not previously recorded in plots, were also recorded.

The map unit in which each plot was located was recorded and a subjective assessment made ofthe Forest Type (Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales, 1989) to which the vegetation would be most appropriately allocated. .... 3. Habitat Data

At each plot, slope (in degrees), altitude, aspect, topographic position, drainage, percentage cover and particle size ofsurface rock and cover ofoutcropping bedrock were recorded. An assessment was made ofprevious disturbance by logging, fire and grazing, on the basis ofany available visual evidence. An estimate ofintensity and time since disturbance was recorded. Estimates for logging were checked against historical records. Any other unusual feature was also recorded.

4. Limitations

Field work was carried out in autumn and late winter. Some ephemeral species may have been overlooked, and spring or summer flowering geophytes, including most Orchidaceae and many Liliaceae, would have been generally overlooked. These normally form a minor component offorest vegetation in New South Wales and their omission is not expected to affect the community analysis. ~ Conditions were unusually dry during both survey periods, and in some areas ground vegetation had J been heavily browsed. Some species, especially monocotyledons, may have been overlooked due to absence of active growth or vegetative similarity to common species. Although the area was traversed comprehensively both by road and on foot, the survey was not exhaustive and further species would be recorded with additional effort t

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, -5- - Northern Region

5. Taxonomy and Nomenclature

Taxonomy and nomenclature follow the National Herbarium ofNew South Wales. This is mostly as published in Jacobs and Pickard (1981), Jacobs and Lapinpuro (1986) or Harden (1990,1991,1992), whichever gives the most recent treatment.

Difficulties were experienced with the following species or groups, mostly due to lack ofsuitable material:

Brachyloma daphnoides. This is a variable species. Sterile specimens from rock outcrops match the taxon previously known as B. daphnoides var.latiuscula. Williams (unpubl.list, 1991) regards this as rare (2VC), but it is not currently recognised as a distinct taxon by the National Herbarium ofNew South Wales (powell, pers. comm.) and is not listed by Briggs and Leigh (1988). Further investigation is required to assess the taxonomic and conservation status ofthis taxon.

Clematis aristata, C. glycinoides. Juvenile plants were difficult to assign to a species. C. glycinoides is probably much more common than plot data indicate.

Danthonia racemosa, D. pilosa. These two species were often difficult to distinguish and may have been confused in some cases.

Eucalyptus biturbinata. All grey gums recorded have been given this label ofconvenience, pending further collecting. Suitable material was very scarce during the surveys, only old fruit being available. These showed characteristics ofboth E. biturbinata and E. propinqua, but could not be unequivocally assigned to either.

Eucalyptus dalrympleana ssp. heptantha. Two fonns were distinguished, a typical forest fonn and a distinctively glaucous fonn growing around the margins of drainage depressions. The latter appeared to have some characteristics ofE. rubida, and probably represents an intergrading or-hybrid fonn.

Eucalyptus eugeniodes, E. caliginosa. These species were difficult to separate in the area along the eastern tableland escarpment Some records ofE. caliginosa may refer to E. eugenivdes.

Galium spp. Except for the distinctive G. binijolium, all Galium material has been aggregated pending specialist detennination.

Geranium homeanum, G. potentilloides, G. solanderi. Some non-flowering specimens may have been incorrectly assigned.

Gonocarpus humilis, G. teucrioides. Most ofthe material was sterile and it is possible that some records ofthese species may have been incorrectly assigned.

Hydrocotyle laxijloralpeduncularis. This genus requires revision. Some records were difficult to assign to a species.

Maytenus bilocularis, M. silvestris. Some specimens were intennediate in character-and were difficult to assign to a species. ,( , Notelaea venosa, N. longifolia. These may have been confused in some cases.

Oplismenus imbecillus, O. aemulus. These species seem to intergrade and may not have been reliably distinguished.

Ranunculus plebeius. Flowering material was rare and records ofthis species could include R. lappaceus.

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -6-

Senecio species E. Probably includes records ofS. diaschides. These species were not distinguished during field survey.

6. Data Analysis

Floristic data were classified into vegetation communities using a numerical hierarchical agglomerative classification process, using the Bray-Curtis association measure on percentage cover and a flexible UPGMA sorting strategy with beta =0.0 (FUSE module ofthe PAlNpackage, Belbin, 1988). Although the procedure provides a repeatable and explicit method ofdefining communities, there are a number ofcritical decisions required which are essentially subjective and which may substantially affect the fmal community composition. The most important ofthese are the choice of beta and the choice of an appropriate level in the dendrogram to define communities. A beta value of zero was chosen to minimise distortion and most realistic~y reflect actual associations.

Any community analysis must be regarded as only a guide to the tendency ofcertain groups ofspecies to co-occur. It is a convenient means ofexamining vegetation patterns rather than a definitive statement ofvegetation composition. Both horizontal patterns and vertical structure require consideration. In forests, some degree ofvertical layering is usually discernable, and patterns vary among strata. Overstorey and the various understorey strata respond differently to environmental factors and an analysis ofall strata combined may obscure spatial patterns, but it is difficult to set height limits which will allow separate examination ofstrata across a range ofvegetation types. As eucalypts as a group fonn a distinct ecological entity in New South Wales forests, the approach adopted here was to perfonn separate analyses with and without eucalypts. An analysis ofall strata combined appears to be more successful for non-eucalypt communities (rainforest and shrub and herb communities). Four analyses were perfonned: 1. total cover ofall species; 2. cover of all species excluding eucalypts; 3. basal area ofall stems>10 cm dbhob; 4. basal area ofeucalypt stems>10 cm dbhob. As only cover-abundance codes were recorded for understorey floristic data, these were converted to percentages for analysis, as the mid-point ofthe cover class for cover >5% and using 1% and 3% for codes 1 and 2 respectively. Final analyses adopted for discussion were analyses 2 and 3.

The ordination technique ofhybrid multi-dimensional scaling was employed to examine logging and fire impact on community composition, using the MDS module in the computer package PAIN (Belbin, 1988). This technique is robust to variations in underlying species response models (Faith et al., 1987), but the results depend on the number of dimensions chosen. In addition, unrealistic distortions may result ifthe data are very heterogeneous. To avoid the latter problem, separate analyses were undertaken on two subsets ofthe data, derived from imposing a threshold value of0.85 on the floristic dendrogram. To test both the robustness ofthe method and assist in the choice ofan appropriate number ofdimensions, analyses were run with 2, 3 and 4 dimensions, and ordination distances were plotted against dissimilarity values for each analysis (Shepard diagram, Green et al., 1989). The minimum number ofdimensions which yielded an acceptably linear relationship between ordination distance and compositional dissimilarity was chosen for examining logging and fire impact This was three dimensions for both plot groups.

RESULTS

1. Floristics }

A total of769 vascular plant taxa (745 native and 24 naturalised) was recorded during the field survey. These are listed, with authorities, in Appendix 1. Appendix 2 lists frequency ofoccurrence ofeach . species by State Forest group to give an indication ofgeographical distribution ofeach species in the Management Area, and Appendix 3 lists frequency by broad vegetation type and logging category to ind.icate ecological distribution Broad vegetation types are based on major overstorey/understorey combinations, described below.

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area. -7- Northern Region

2. Overstorey Communities

Basal areas oftrees greater than 10 cm dbhob by species have been used to classify overstorey floristic data, as described above. Twenty-nine forest overstorey communities (of which 23 are eucalypt forests) may be recognized, in 17 groups. Figure 2 is the dendrogram resulting from the analysis, truncated at the 29 class ("community") level. Several plots for which tree basal area data were not collected represent distinct overstorey communities and are described under section 4 below. Otherwise, the overstorey groups and communities are briefly described as follows.

GLEov1E. biturbinata group (4 plots, map units 62, U)

These are the most extensive communities on the mostly steep to precipitous Slopes at moderate altitudes (500-900 m) along the eastern escarpment Large areas were traversed during the survey, but sampling intensity was deliberately low because ofthe relative tloristic unifonnity and non-existent to low commercial timber volume. Structure is usually open forest but varies to low woodland on extreme sites. Composition is very variable, but E. biturbinata is usually present, mostly with E. carnea, but often including E. eugenioides. Other associates are E. intermedia, E. microcorys, E. tereticornis, E. melliodora andAngophora subvelutina. E. crebra and E. moluccana are locally common in a restricted area ofGibraltar Range State Forest. Allocasuarina torulosa is usually common as a subcanopy species. E. campanulata is absent at lower altitudes but becomes increasingly common with increasing altitude, and this group grades into group GLEov9 near the plateau edge.

These communities almost universally have a grassy understorey with a poorly developed or virtually non-existent shrub stratum. This is probably partly a result ofa long history ofregular burning by graziers. Dominant grasses are usually Imperata cylindrica, Themeda australis and/or Poa sieberiana, although other species such as Aristida vagans or Cymbopogon refractus are often common.

GLEov1.1 E. biturbinata-E. carnea (plots Gm06, GLE04; map units 62, U)

Open forest dominated by E. biturbinata with Allocasuarina torulosa subcanopy. Associate I,.. species very variable, including E. carnea, E. intermedia, E. caliginosa and E. microcorys. GLEov1.2 E. eugenioides (plots Gm16, Gm17; map unit 62)

E. eugenioides usually present but often not dominant, with subcanopy ofAllocasuarina littoralis. Stands ofvariable composition, often including a considerable number ofeucalypt species on one site. Associate species commonly include E. biturbinata, E. tereticornis, E. intermedia, Angophora subvelutina and locally, E. crebra.

GLEov2E. andrewsii group (3 plots, TOROl, TOR03, 11/1)

A single community clearly dominated by E. andrewsii and occurring only in Torrington State Forest, where it is widespread on ridges and slopes. Understorey is usually moderately dense low shrubs and grasses.

GLEov3E. prava group (1 plot, TOR02)

i Woodland ofE. prava, E. tereticornis, E. stannicola and Callitris endlicheri, represented by a single stand along a minor creek in Torrington State Forest.

GLEov4E. caliginosa x E. mckieana group (1 plot, TOR04)

One stand along a lower slope in Torrington State Forest. The stand is dominated by trees with characteristics intennediate between those ofE. caliginosa and E. mckieana and presumed to be hybrids, associated with E. dalrympleana ssp. heptantha. No typical E. mckieana was seen inthe

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area. Northern Region -8-

,....

1.0 ~ r

- - S2 0.8 m· - - ,..-- ~! i ~ ..... - ~ r-- ..- a 0.6 ..- r-- -

1.1 1.2 2 3 4 5 6.1 6.2 6.3 7 8 9.1 9.2 9.3 9A 10.310.110.211.111.212.112.213 14 15.115.215.3 16 17

Overstorey community

Figure 2. Dendrogram from floristic classification ofbasal area of all tree species > 10 cm dbhob, t:nrncated at the 29 class (community) level.

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area. -9- Northern Region

vicinity. Although separated at a high level ofdistinctiveness in the analysis, which does not recognize taxonomic relationships, this community is clearly related to community GLEov5.

GLEov5 E. caliginosa (6 plots, CUROI, MOOO2, OAK09, WAR03, WAR04, 11/2; map units 62,122)

This group includes a single community in which E. caliginosa is always present and often dominant, usually with a subcanopy ofAllocasuarina littoralis and occasionally Banksia integrijolia, and a low shrub and grassy understorey. Associates include E. obliqua, E. dalrympleana and, on lower slopes, E. dorrigoensis.

GLEov6E. radiata (5 plots, map units 122b, 163b)

A diverse group ofopen forests and woodlands in which E. radiata is common. Widespread in Warra State Forest and parts ofOakwood and Glen Nevis State Forests. Three communities are recognized.

GLEov6.l E. radiata-Eo dalrympleana (plots 2/4, 2/6, 4/1)

Occurs in Oakwood and Glen Nevis State Forests, in a range ofhabitats on undulating topography. Occasional associates are E. dalrympleana and E. brun1U!a.

GLEov6.2 E. radiata-E. caliginosa (plot WAR05)

This plot is representative ofgently undulating areas in Warra State Forest, intergrading with the E. campanulata group.

GLEov6.3 E. cameronii-E. radiata (plot WAROl)

A distinct community oflimited extent on very rocky crests in Warra State Forest Dense shrub understorey.

GLEov7 E. blakelyi (2 plots)

Within the Managment Area, occurring only on gently undulating depressions in Torrington State Forest. Low grassy understorey with scattered low shrubs and often dense stands oftall Acacia filicijolia. Two communities:

GLEov7.1 E. blakelyi (plot 11/3)

E. blakelyi dominant with E. melliodora, E. stannicola and Angophora subvelutina.

GLEov7.2 E. dalrympleana (plot TOR05)

E. dalrympleana clearly dominant with occasional E. blakelyi.

GLEov8E. dalrympleana 'swamp fonn' (2 plots, OAK04, 2/3)

A single community which fonns a woodland oropen forest with grassy ground cover, around drainage lines on undulating topography, in Oakwood and Glen Nevis State Forests. The dominant species is not currently regarded as taxonomically distinct from E. dalrympleana, but is one oftwo motphologically and ecologically separate fonns ofthis species in the study area.

GLEov9E. campanulata (47 plots, map units 47,62, 163, 168, 169)

These are by far the most widespread communities on the undulating plateau landfonns, occurring mostly as open forests or tall open forests over a range ofhabitats and in all State Forests except Torrington, but mostly above 900 m altitude. E. campanulata is almost ubiquitous and often dominant, sometimes locally solely dominant over several hectares. Understorey is usually grassy

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern RegiOn -10-

with only scattered shrubs, bu~ dense shrub or heath understoreys occur in some areas ofGibraltar Range State Forest, Brother State Forest and Warra State Forest, mostly on coarse granitic substrates. Four communities may be recognized, according to associated species.

GLEov9.1 E. campanulata-E. cameronii (plots BROO3, BROO4, BROO5, BUT03, C1]R02,ELG02, GIB01,GIB03,GIB09, GIB 10, GIB13, GIB14, GLE05, . LON01, LON02, OAK03, WAR06, 2/5,4/5,5/1,5(1,7/3,8(1,10/1,10/5, 12/4)

This is the most widespread community. E. cameronii is the most common associate, although is sometimes absent. Other species, including E. brunnea, E. obliqua, E. saligna, E. microcorys and E. intermedia, may be present as a minor component.

GLEov9.2 E. campanulata-E. obliqua(p10ts BUT01, CUR03, LON05, LON07, 2/1, 2/2, 3/1,3/2,4/6,5/4,6/1,8/4,8/5)

The two character species are co-dominant. E. brunnea and/or E. cameronii are common associates as a minor component. Other species occur rarely.

GLEov9.3 E. campanulata-E. brunnea (plots C1]R08, C1]R1O, LON09, MIT02, OAK01)

E. brunnea dominant or co-dominant with E. campanulata. Other species, including E. saligna, E. radiata and E. caliginosa, occur rarely. This community tends to occur most frequently· on lower slopes or along minor gullies in undulating topography, mostly in Curramore State Forest and the Oakwood group offorests.

GLE0v9.4 E. cameronii-E. brunnea (plots 5/5, 6/3 and 8/1)

A community ofgenerally low basal area, with E. campanulata or E. obliqua as occasional associates.

GLEov10 E. obliqua (14 plots, map units 152, 163, 169)

This is a fairly extensive group ofusually tall open forests, occurring on more sheltered sites in all except Torrington State Forest, but often interspersed and grading with group GLEov9. There is usually a low grassy understorey with scattered shrubs, but some stands have a denser mesomorphic shrub stratum. Three communities:

GLEovl0.l E. obliqua-E. brunnea (plots BR002, C1]R06, ELG03, ELG04, MOOD1, OAK05, OAK08, 7(1, 12/3)

This is the most widespread community in this group and occurs in similar habitats as community 9.3. E. obliqua is ubiquitous and usually dominant, associated with E. brunnea. Other species which may be variously present, usually as a minor component, include E. campanulata, E. cameronii, E. saligna, E. laevopinea and~. nobilis.

GLEov10.2 E. obliqua-E. campanulata (plots 6(1, 8/3, 8/6)

Stands in which E. obliqua is dominant, associated with E. campanulata. This community tends to occur on drier sites than the others in this group and provides a link with group GLEov9.

GLEovlO.3 E. nobilis (plots BUT02, 10/6)

This is a restricted community which appears to occur only on moister and/or more fertile sites, dominated by E. nobilis, with E. obliqua and E. laevopinea as associates. Itwas recorded only in a small area ofButterleaf State Forest

ForestIy Conunission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No.. 23 ------~

Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area. -11- Northern Region

GLEovll E.laevopinea (10 plots, map units 163, 167, 169)

Open forests to tall open forests occurring on undulating 1andfonns on the plateau, mostly over 950 m and often in sheltered sites. Two communities:

GLEov11.1 E.laevopinea-E. campanulata (plots BR001, 10/2, 10/4, 12/2, 13/1,13/2)

This community occurs on drier sites than does GLEov11.2. E. laevopinea is associated withE. campanulata, fonning a community which grades into community 9.1. A grassy understorey is usual. Plot BR001 is atypical in being a heavily logged forest with dense mesomorphic shrub understorey. Prior to logging, it probably would have been grouped with GLEov11.2.

GLEovl1.2 E. laevopinea-E. microcorys (plots LON03, LON06, WAR02)

On moister sites, E. laevopinea is associated with E. microcorys in stands which usually have a high basal area and a dense tall understorey ofmesophytic shrubs. Other associates include E. obliqua, E. cameronii and E. brunnea. This community is fairly extensive on sheltered sites, often immediately ups10pe from rainforest, in the eastern halfofLondon Bridge State Forest and parts ofBrother State Forest. It may be regarded as the tablelands equivalent of the E. microcorys-E. saligna wet sclerophyll forests which are widespread atlower altitudes nearer the coast. A small stand at 1250 m in Warm State Forest (plot WAR02) lacks E. microcorys and links this community with the E. obliqua group GLEov10).

GLEov12 E. saligna (12 plots, map units 161, 163, U)

A widespread group which occurs on gently sloping mid to lower slopes and saddles in all except Warra and Torrington State Forests, but especially Brother State Forest and the Oakwood group. These communities occur in a mosaic with those ofgroup GLEov9 and GLEovlO, with the proportion ofE. saligna tending to increase downs10pe. The understorey is typically grassy with few shrubs, although some stands have a dense mesophytic shrub understorey. This group comprises two communities.

GLEov12.1 E. saligna-E. campanulata (plots GIB02, 3/3,4/2,4/4,5/3,5/6, 12/:1, 13/3)

This is the most extensive ofthe two and occurs on slopes where it is interspersed with group GLEov9 and includes stands in which E. saligna is associated with one or more of E. campanulata, E. cameronii orE. brunnea.

GLEov12.2 E. saligna (plots BR006, GLE01, GLE06)

Mostly restricted to lower slopes and broad depressions in undulating 1andfonns where common associates are E. brunnea, E. dorrigoensis and less frequently, E. amplifolia (in Oakwood State Forest). There is usually a grassy understorey. Plot BROO6 is unusual in occurring at 680 m along the lower slope in a deeply incised valley, and shares a high proportion ofLophostemon confertus with group GLEov14.

GLEov13 E. dorrigoensis (2 plots, OAK02,OAK07; map units 122,161)

A single community offairly restricted extent, occurring along minor gullies and associated lower slopes on the plateau in Oakwood State Forest. E. dorrigoensis is dominant, with E. saligna and E. cameronii.

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales ------

Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -12-

GLEov14 Lophostemon confertus (3 plots, GIB07, LON04, MITOl; map units 47,53)

A single community, clearly dominated by L. confertus with other species (E. saligna, E.laevopinea, E. microcorys) as a minor component. There is usually a dense tall shrub/small tree understorey. Mainly occurring in Gibraltar Range State Forest, with few small patches elsewhere, in London Bridge and Mt. Mitchell State Forests, restricted to sheltered sites.

GLEov15 Subtropical/warm temperate rainforest (5 plots, map units 2/3, 23/26)

The most extensive rainforest group on the plateau, occurring on sheltered sites below 1000 m altitude, mainly in Gibraltar Range State Forest with small areas in London Bridge and Brother State Forests. Common overstorey species are Caldcluvia paniculosa, Schizomeria ovata and Sloanea woollsii. Three communities may be recognized, according to relative dominance ofthese three species and floristic composition ofassociates. This group grades into group GLEov16 at higher altitudes.

GLEovI5.1 Schizomeria ovata (plots 7/1, GIBI2)

S. ovata dominant, with Caldcluvia paniculosa and Sloanea woollsii.

GLEov15.2 Caldcluvia paniculosa-Citronella moorei (plot GIB 11)

C. paniculosa and C. moorei the most common ofa large mixture ofspecies which also includes S. ovata and S. woollsii.

GLEovI5.3 Sloanea woollsii (plOts GIBI8, LON08)

Mixed composition. S. woollsii most common, with other common species including S. ovata, C. paniculosa, Orites excelsa and Pennantia cunninghamii.

GLEov16 Warm temperate rainforest (2 plots, GIB08, GIBI5; map units 2/3, 11/12)

A single community dominated by Ceratopetalum apetalum, Doryphora sassafras and Caldcluvia paniculosa, apparently restricted to small areas in Gibraltar Range State Forest and small patches in Curramore State Forest and Butterleaf State Forest Occupies similar sites as group 15, but at altitudes above 1000 m.

GLEov17 Backhousia myrtifolia (plot GIB05, map unit U)

Low rainforest dominated by B. myrtifolia with Olea paniculata and Ficus coronata. This community occurs as narrow bands along larger creeks and on steep lower slopes in deeply dissected valleys along the eastern escatpment, mainly at lower altitudes.

3. Comparison o/New South Wales Forestry Commission Forest Types as Mapped and Overstorey Floristic Communities

There is a general correspondence between the mapped Forest Types and overstorey floristic communities at a broad level. At a more detailed level there are many discrepancies. Table 1 summarises this relationship for the 82 primary survey plots. Especially variable map units are 62, 62b, 122, 163b and 169. Inconsistencies result from two main factors:

1. Map units have a coarse resolution, ofthe order ofhectares, relative to the finer resolution of 0.1 ha plots. Details ofvariation in overstorey composition recorded on a plot basis are obscured in map units. For example, stands containing a high proportion ofE. brunnea or E. saligna often occurred as small patches (mostly <5 ha) along drainage depressions surrounded by more extensive areas dominated by E. campanulata. These small patches were

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 j .B ~ .:l f J

61 Table 1. Summary of distribution ofthe 82 floristic survey plots by map units and overstorey communities. Overstorey communities for which no plots are ~ ~ recorded are represented only by owl habitat plots, as described in the text. NA=Forest Type not mapped (for map unit) or overstorey BA not measured '"~ (lI (for overstorey community). '" ~ S Overstorey community '" en 1.1 1.2 2 3 4 5 6.1 6.2 6.3 7.1 7.2 8 9.1 9.2 9.3 10.1 10.2 10.3 11.1 11.2 12.1 12.2 13 14.1 14.2 15.1 15.2 15.3 16 17 HA Total ~ i'D' Map unit '" ~ ~, 2 1 1 2/3 1 1 2 11/12 1 1 23/26 1 1 2 47 1 1 2 47a 1 1 53 1 1 2 62 1 2 2 1 6 62b 1 1 2 4 I~ 122 1 1 1 3 122a 1 1 122b 1 1 2 152 1 1 161 1 1 61 2S1 161a 1 1 ... ~ 10 ~'" 163 4 1 5 ("') ~ 163a 4 1 1 6 ~ I. 163b 1 1 2 4 8 167 1 1 ~ g''" 168 0 1 2 1 4 ..... 169 1 1 1 2 1 6 r ~ a:: ~ 231 1 1 3 5 ~§ en 0 c: t7 1 1 1 1 4 go HA 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 13 it~a ~~ ~ ~. (lI Total 2 2 2 1 1 5 - 1 1 - 1 1 17 4 5 7 - 1 1 3 3 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 10 82 g l' Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -14-

mapped as part ofthe extensive E. campanulata type. Some map units are very variable in overstorey floristic composition in any case, by definition.

2. There appear to be some mapping inaccuracies possibly due to misidentification ofspecies from air photos. In particular, E. laevopinea, E. campanulata, E. cameronii and E. caliginosa may be difficult to distinIDlish on air photos. Forest mapped as being dominated by E. laevopinea often may have been more appropriately classified as Type 163 (E. campanulata).

Appendix 5 provides brief descriptions ofmapped Forest Types on the basis ofplot data and general observations recorded while traversing the area.

4. Non-eucalypt (tlUnderstorey") Floristic Communities

Thirty-five communities were derived from classification offloristic survey data, excluding eucalypts. Figure 3 is the dendrogram resulting from the classification, truncated at the community (35 class) level. This classification was compared with the classification ofthe total floristic data set including eucalypts, and with the overstorey classification. In the fonner case the groups were mostly co incident. A broad correlation exists between overstorey and understorey communities (summarised in Table 2), especially at the group level, although several understorey communities occurred across a range ofoverstorey communities and vice versa. The 35 understorey communities and relationships with overstorey type are described in more detail in Appendix 4. To facilitate descriptions, the 35 communities are considered in eight broad community groups. In most cases these are floristic groups as shown at a higher level ofdissimilarity in Figure 3, but some (shrublands, sedgelands and rainforest) are structural units which include floristically disparate communities, grouped for convenience. The eight community groups are briefly described as follows.

GLEfl Shrubland and open woodland on rocky sites

Shrublands, often with scattered small trees, occur as isolated, small patches on rock outcrops throughout the area, especially on granite substrates. Individual patches seldom exceed 1 ha in area. Although many species occur in more than one patch, floristic composition is very variable among patches and most patches have little in common with other shrub communities or with surrounding open forest. There is no obvious pattern ofdistribution and composition ofthe patches appears to depend on chance colonization as much as substrate composition.

GLEf2 Grassy openjorest.

Grassy open forests are by far the most extensive type in the area, occurring over a broad range of habitats, both on the plateau and on steep slopes ofthe eastern escarpment valleys. The canopy composition is variable, and this group ofcommunities occurs across virtually the full range of eucalypt overstorey types. There is a high degree of structural and floristic unifonnity ofthe understorey over large areas, with Poa sieberiana, Lomandra longifolia and Imperata cylindrica being variously dominant. There is usually a sparse or virtually non-existent shrub layer, although a subcanopy ofAllocasuarina spp. or Banksia integrifolia is often present. Grassy open forests are a prominent feature of all State Forests in the Management Area and their present character may reflect a history ofextensive grazing and frequent low intensity burning.

GLEFf Heath forest

Fairly widespread on but virtually exclusive to coarse-grained granitic substrates, in Gibraltar Range State Forest, Glen Elgin State Forest, Brother State Forest, Butterleaf State Forest, Warra State Forest and Torrington State Forest. Essentially absent from the Oakwood group offorests, which contain mostly sediments and meta-sediments. Floristic composition is very variable and eight communities were derived from the floristic analysis, each of limited occurrence.

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area. -15- Northern Region

, I , . o ~ ~ I

I I I I I I

~ -.,0.... I fI} ::r: (1) I t').... -t') e- 0 6' a... § I =.... '<- I

en ~ ! I

~ .g'" ~ % -, ig ...~ ... ('I ~8 I I a...

1'-<

Figure 3. Dendrogram from floristic classification ofpercentage foliage cover ofall species, excluding eucalypts, truncated at the 35 class (community) level.

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales- l i it )' ! j( l

Table 2. Summaryofdistribution of the 82 survey plots amongoverstorey (GLEov)and understoreycommunities. NA=overslOreybasal area DOtmeasured (mostlynon-forest). I~

Cl> .;::G) Understorey community G) tI} 1.1 1.2 1.3 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.1 2.' 2.10 2.11 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.1 4.1 4.2 5.1 5.2 5.3 6.1 6.2 6.3 7.1 7.2 1.1 1.2 1.3 Cl> G) ca.a... ~1 e ~ 1.1 2 2 ~ ... 1.2 1 1 2 Cl> ~ 2 1 1 2 ~ 3 1 1 4 1 1 5 3 1 1 5 6.2 1 1 6.3 1 1 7.2 1 1 I 1 1 '.1 3 1 2 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 17 '.2 1 2 1 .. '.3 5 5 ~I 10.1 :I 3 1 1 7 10.3 1 1 11.1 1 1 11.2 1 2 3 12.1 1 1 .,; 12.2 2 1 3

Cl> ~ 11 1 1 2 14.1 1 1 2 ~ I 14.2 1 1 -g 0 1'f 15.1 1 1 tI} la 15.2 1 1 ~ ~ 15.3 2 2 ~ ~ .... ]" : 16 :I 2 0 17 1 1 .§ Cl> Cl> ~.§ Illl. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 11 ~~ .~ 0 ~~ S'ot:a1 1 1 1 3 2 7 11 2 2 1 4 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 :I 3 1 1 6 :I 1 1 :I 1 12 U tI} 5 t' Cl>

~~ ~ Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, -17- Northern Region

GLEf4 Wet sclerophyllfernforest A minor group representing vegetation which is transitional between open grassy and wet sclerophyll forest, with dense ground cover and moderately dense shrub stratum. Two communities are recognised.

GLEf5 Wet sclerophyllforest

Tall open forests ofmainly E. laevopinea, E. saligna, E. microcorys and/or Lophostemon confertus, ,'- with dense mesomorphic tall shrub or small tree understorey. These forests occur on sheltered slopes, mainly in the eastern half ofLondon Bridge State Forest and in Gibraltar Range State Forest with smaller areas in Brother State Forest

GLEf6 Subtropical/warm temperate rainforest

This groups equates well to overstorey groups GLEovl5 and GLEov16 as described above. Communities ofthis group occur extensively in Gibraltar Range State Forest with smaller areas in Curramore, Butterleaf, Brother and London Bridge State Forests.

GLEn Dry rainforest

Backhousia myrtifolia dominates dense stands which fonn narrow'bands along most creeks at lower altitudes. These stands fonn abrupt boundaries with adjacent grassy open forest and are mostly restricted to steep, rocky sites where there is some protection from regular fires. B. sciadophora replaces B. myrtifolia on some warmer, very steep scree slopes.

GLEF8 Sedge swamp, wet heath and wet shrubland.

Small areas in Gibraltar Range State Forest and Curramore State Forest and more extensive areas in Brother State Forest and Warra State Forest. Confined to coarse grained granites. Floristic composition is variable, but most areas are a mosaic ofshrub or heath thickets (often Baeckea sp. C or Leptospermum spp.) interspersed with sedgeland.

5. Logging Impact

Appendix 3 gives an indication oflogging impact on individual species, although this can only be interpreted broadly because ofthe small number oflogged plots and the range ofother site factors which detennine distribution ofspecies among the plots sampled. Plots which are apparently undisturbed but which occur in a generally logged area as part ofthe mosaic ofvarying logging intensity have been classified as unlogged. Some have been classified as unloggable on the assumption that they were deliberately reserved for management purposes or were avoided due to low commercial value. Others appeared to contain some commercial timber volume and were categorized as unlogged but loggable. Inclusion ofthe latter exaggerates logging impact ifthe areas are actually not commercially viable. Of the species which occurred in both the unlogged but loggable category and either logged category, only Allocasuarina littoralis was significantly (Fishers Exact Test, p = 0.00(3) more frequent in unlogged but loggable plots. Data from other New South Wales forests suggest that this widespread and abundand species is unaffected or favoured by logging. The result for Glen Innes is likely to be an artefact ofsampling, since this species favours lower-fertility sites which are relatively under-represented in samples oflogged plots. For many species, overall frequency was too low for a reasonable assessment.

Relationships among plots resulting from the community classification and ordinations give an indication ofimpact on plant community composition. Iflogging impact on floristic composition was major relative to spatial variation, logged plots would be expected to be grouped together at a high level ofdissimilarity compared to unlogged plots. Figure 3 shows that this is not the case. Logged plots are generally distributed among the major floristic groups.

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales ------

Flora Survey, GlenInnes Management Area, Northern Region -18-

Scattetplots derived from ordination ofthe two major plot groups are shown in Figures 4 and 5. For plot group 1 (wet sclerophyll forests) the few logged plots tend to occur at the periphery ofthe overall cluster on axes 1 and 2, but are distributed among the unlogged plots on the third axis. Logged plots are not clearly separated from the cluster, are not grouped together and several unlogged plots are equally or more "peripheral". This suggests that there is some influence oflogging history on floristic composition, but that it is minor relative to other factors. For the open grassy forests (plot group 2), logged plots are generally within the cluster ofunlogged plots on all three axes, suggesting that there is no demonstrable logging impact relative to floristic variation resulting from other factors (spatial variation). This includes several plots which were intensively silviculturally treated between 1945 and 1960.

Logged plots have a floristic richness which is higher than or not significantly different from unlogged plots, overall. Median richness for unlogged plots (n=68) is 48 species per 0.1 ha plot. For recently logged plots it is 46 (n=6) and for plots logged> 10 year it is 60 (n=8).

6. Fire Impact

There is a clear relationship between time since last fire and understorey composition. The grassy and heath understorey groups had all been burnt less than 30 years prior to assessment and the vast majority less than 5 years previously (Figure 7). However, there was no indication that those which appeared to be unburnt for> 5 year were consistently different from those burnt more recently. In contrast, the wet sclerophyll group (Figure 6) had mostly remained unbumt for at least 30 years, and the more recently burnt plots were clearly separated from the remainder.

DISCUSSION

1. General

There are extensive areas, including a wide range oflandforms and parent material types, which support open grassy forest oflittle or no botanical interest However, some ofthese grassy forests represent overstorey communities which may be poorly or inadequately reserved. These are discussed below in Section 3. Most areas ofbotanical interest or high conservation significance occur in those habitats which are unusual or spatially restricted in the area, such as rock outcrops, swamps and creeks.

2. Significant Plant Species

The national conservation significance ofplant species is assessed using Briggs and Leigh (1988) as a basic standard. Other measures ofconservation significance are taken from Thomas and MacDonald (1987), Williams (pers. comm.); other published records and data from specimens held at the National Herbarium ofNew South Wales, Sydney. Species currently considered or likely to be ofconservation significance at a regional or national level are listed below. Where appropriate, risk codes are assigned using the criteria ofBriggs and Leigh (1988) and shown in parentheses. Except where another source is cited, codes given are those assigned by Briggs and Leigh (1988). Unless otherwise indicated, all records are from the present survey.

Acacia betchei (2R, Williams, pers. comm.) A few individuals from Torrington State Forest. Bertya species A (aff. opponens) (suggested code 3V). A single small « 20) population in Gibraltar Range State Forest represents a significant range extension. This species, which is doubtfully distinct from B. opponens, has previously been collected only from mallee in the Cobar area. B. opponens has a risk code of3VC-.

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, -19- Northern Region

1.16

0.34

,, ,, I -0.4 ,, , .98 ,,I , ,, ,, ,, ,, '--- , --- ...... ,I , --- '~-~ , , '-_ , I , ---- ...... -,1.. __ , I --. - .... _ ,, , I -----0. ,':' , ,,.,----- ,, , , ,, ,, , , ,, ,, ,,

-0.24 Cylinder = unlogged plots A2 Cube = logged plots, > 10 yr. -0.92

Figure 4. Three dimensional scatter plot ofMDS co-ordinates. plot group 1. Logging history superimposed.

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora Smvey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -20-

1.11

0.38

-0.3 --- 1.16 --- ,, ------,, - .... __ I , - ...... - , , .... -- - , ,, , -- ,, ,, ------, ,, --- .... -_ I ,, ,,'------1.VUI __ ,, ,, ------,, ,, --- 1.17 ,

-0.34 Cylinder =unlogged plots A2 -1.69 Pyramid = logged plots, < 10 yr. -1.10 Cube =logged plots, > 10 yr.

Figure 5. 1bree dimensional scatter plot ofMDS co-ordinates, plot group 2. Logging history superimposed

Forestry Commission of New South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Rora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, -21- Northern Region

1.1

-0.4 -- ... - ,, --- ,, ------,, ,, ---- , I ------... - , ,, --- ...... -#0-1_ I ---_ ... _ , " I --- ...... -...El " I " I ---:... - ...... ,, , ,I ,I ,I ,I , I I ,, ,I

A2 Cylinder =plots unburnt for> 30 yr. Cube = plots burnt 5-30 yr. previously

Figure 6. Three dimensional scatter plot ofMDS co-ordinates, plot group 1. Fire history superimposed.

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -22-

1.11

0.38

-0.35 1.16

-1.08 1.17

0.42

A2 .. -1.10 Cylinder =plots \Dlburnt for> 30 yr. Pyramid =plots burnt < 5 yr. previously Cube =plots burnt 5-30 yr. previously

Figure 7. Three dimensional scatter plot ofMDS co-ordinates, plot group 2. Fire history superimposed.

Forestry Commission of New South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area. -23- Northern Region

Callistemonflavovirens (3RC, Williams,pers. comm.). A single small population in shrubland on a rock outcrop in Gibraltar Range State Forest. This species is most common in the Stanthorpe Wallangarra area ofsouthern Queensland and is at its southern limit in the Management Area.

Callitris oblonga (3VCi). Not recorded during the present sUlvey, but previously reported from Warra State Forest. Rare in New South Wales, occurring as scattered populations along the tablelands.

Cryptandra lanosiflora (3RC, Thomas and MacDonald, 1987). Small populations on rock outcrops in Glen Elgin State Forest and in Warra State Forest. Recorded from Girraween National Pm and Werrikimbe National Pm. Rare in New South Wales, occurring as small isolated populations south to Liverpool Range.

Dodonaea megazyga (3RCa). Locally abundant at several sites in Gibraltar Range State Forest. A small population was recorded in unlogged open forest, but all other populations occurred in heavily logged wet sclerophyll forest. The largest population, containing over 1000 plants, occurred along Dingo Creek Road. This species is much more widespread and abundant than its risk code indicates and probably should not be regarded as rare.

Dodonaea rhombifolia (3RCa). A few plants on a rocky ridge crest in Watts Creek area, Oakwood State Forest and a rock outcrop in Gibraltar Range State Forest. This species is widely distributed in reserves from northern New South Wales to Victoria.

Dodonaea serratifolia (2RC-). Two small populations (less than 20 plants seen in each), one in previously logged E. campanulata open forest in Glen Elgin State Forest, the other near Boundary Creek Falls, Moogem State Forest. Itis also known from Oxley-Wild Rivers National Pm, Gibraltar Range National Parlc and vacant Crown Land near Banda Banda Flora Reserve.

Eriostemon difformis ssp. smithianus One population on a rock outcrop in Gibraltar Range State Forest. Rare and known from very few collections in New South Wales, including upper Hunter Valley and Kempsey-Wauchope area.

.,.. Eriostemon myoporoides ssp. epilosus (2RC, Williams, pers. comm.). Small populations on granite outcrops in Butterleaf State Forest. This sub species occurs as scattered populations among granite outcrops, from Deepwater to southern Queensland.

Eucalyptus camphora ssp. relicta (3VC, Johnson and Hill, 1990). Locally dominant in a narrow (up to 20 m wide) belt along Tonyas Gully, Warra State Forest. This sub species is known from only three small populations, two in the Backwater area and one in Girraween National Pm in southern Queensland. Itapparently does not occur in any National PaIics and Wildlife Service land in New South Wales. During the present survey it was recorded only in swampy areas along creeks, but Williams (pers. comm.) also reports it from dry heath and sclerophyll scrub.

Eucalyptus codonocarpa (3RCa). Dominant in mallee shrubland over several hectares on granite outcrops in Warra State Forest (ridge north-east ofCrown Mountain and near Nightcap Mountain) and Butterleaf State Forest (Mount Scott). This species is also recorded from Girraween National Pm, Cathedral Rock National Pm, Gibraltar Range National Parlc and Border Ranges National Pm.

Eucalyptus dorrigoensis (2RCa, as E. sp. 5). Widespread and often locally dominant in the Management Area, mainly along creeks and minor drainage depressions on undulating plateau landfonns but some large populations on steep slopes, in the Curramore, GibraltarRange and Oakwood groups ofState Forests. This species is regarded as adequately reserved in both Dorrigo and Guy Fawkes River National Parks (Briggs and Leigh, 1988). It was considered not at risk by Johnson and Hill (1990).

ForestResources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -24-

Eucalyptus olida (2RCa, as E. sp. 10). Locally common along Springs Road in Brother State Forest and probably in Gibraltar Range State Forest The population in Brother State Forest represents a minor range extension (previously recorded south to Gibraltar Range National Park.) and the southern limit ofthis species. It is regarded as adequately conserved in Gibraltar Range National Park. (Briggs and Leigh, 1988) and was categorized as risk code 3RCa by Johnson and Hill (1990). .

Eucalyptus williamsiana (3RC, Williams,pers. comm.). Small populations were noted in Gibraltar Range State Forest and Glen Elgin State Forest This species is sporadically distributed from southern Queensland to Werrikimbe National Park. and is sometimes locally common. It was regarded as not threatened by Johnson and Hill (1990).

Grevillea juniperina. The Northern Tablelands fmm ofthis species is morphologically distinct and is known from few localities. Ithas previously been separated as G. trinervis, but the latter is not currently recognised by the National Herbarium ofNew South Wales as specifically distinct Only a few individuals were recorded during the present survey, in alluvial sand along Sara River.

Grevillea scortechinii ssp. sarmentosa (3VC-). Within the Managment Area, recorded only from Warra State Forest. Scattered in open forest and shrubland along ridges between Crown Mountain and Nightcap Mountain and locally common in open forest and heath on lower slopes and flats along Moggs Swamp Fire Trail. Itis also recorded from Mann River Nature Reserve, but apparently has not been recorded from other reserves.

Hibbertia hermanniijolia (3RCa). A dense population ofabout 300 plants near Frog Hollow Lookout, Gibraltar Range State Forest and a few isolated individuals in Glen Elgin State Forest. These records represent an extension ofrange ofover 100 km from the previously recorded northern limit, in the Walcha district. It is reserved in Wadbilliga National Park and Bents Basin State Recreation Area, and occurs disjunctly to eastern Victoria.

Hibbertia species B (aft. obtusijolia) (2V, Williams,pers. comm.). A few plants on granite in Torrington State Forest, near the western boundary. This taxon is endemic to the Torrington area but is doubtfully specifically distinct (Harden and Everett, 1990).

Hibbertia sp. aff.linearis. Recorded as H.linearis during the present survey. The genus Hibbertia is currently being revised. H. linearis is a very variable taxon which includes a number offorms which may be elevated to specific status. It is probably premature to assess conservation status ofany any of these fonns until their taxonomic relationships are more well known, but the Warra State Forest populations are ofpotential significance.

Keraudrenia hillii. Only one small population, on a rock outcrop in Moogem State Forest. This species appears to be rare in New South Wales, but may be more common in Queensland.

Lastreopsis smithiana. A single small population in Gibraltar Range State Forest in a rainforest gully. This appears to be a disjunct occurrence, the species being regarded as uncommon in New South Wales and otherwise occurring only in the Border Ranges.

Lepidosperma viscidum. A single small population among granite outcrops in the Crown Mountain area (Warra State Forest). The species is widespread further south, but appears to be rare on the Northern Tablelands.

Mirbelia confertiflora (3RC-). Locally abundant in shrub thickets and mallee shrubland among rock outcrops, and occasional in open forest, mainly in Warra State Forest (north-east of Crown Mountain and in the vicinity ofNightcap Mountain) but also in Glen Elgin State Forest Itis reserved in Girraween National Park and Boonoo Boonoo National Park, and apparently reaches its southern limit in the Management Area.

Muehlenbeckia sp. aff. rhyticarya ('costata' ms) (probable code 3V). Only a few individuals were noted, in a recently burnt area in Warra State Forest. This species is known from only three other collections, two in New South Wales (Northern Tablelands and Central Tablelands) and one from the Stanthorpe area (K.L. Wilson,pers. comm.).

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Irmes Management Area, -25- Northern Region

Persoonia procumbens (2RC-, Weston and Johnson 1991). Only two small (each < 50 plants) populations were recorded, one on the rocky ridge north-east ofCrown Mountain, and one along Moggs Swamp Fire Trail. This species is apparently endemic to the Backwater-Ebor area and is recorded from Cathedral Rock National Park.

Persoonia terminalis ssp. terminalis (2R, Weston and Johnson, 1991). Only a few individuals were recorded, among granite boulders near the western boundary ofTorrington State Forest This taxon is endemic to the Torrington-Binghi area and is not currently reserved.

Phebaliwn ambiens (3RC, Thomas and McDonald, 1987). During the present survey, recorded only from Warra State Forest where it occurs mostly as scattered individuals on granite outcrops around both Crown Mountain and Nightcap Mountain, a substantial proportion ofthe total number ofplants «100 seen) being within the existing Crown Mountain reserve. Elsewhere, it is restricted to granite areas on the tablelands between Backwater and Stanthorpe, and is recorded from Girraween National Park.

Plectranthus suaveolens (3RC, Thomas and MacDonald 1987). Small populations on rock outcrops. Recorded from Girraween and Queen Mary Falls National Parks in Queensland.

Pultenaea altissima. This species appears to be rare on the Northern Tablelands, being known from only two localities outside Warra State Forest, at Pheasants Mountain and Moona Falls. Northern Tablelands populations are disjunct and morphologically distinct from the more extensive populations further south, although they are currently not regarded as taxonomically distinct.

Pultenaea pycnocephala (3RCa). Locally common around swamps in Brother State Forest Also recorded from Girraween National Park, Gibraltar Range National Park and Werrikimbe National Park.

Pultenaea stuartiana (3VC-). During the present survey, recorded only from Torrington State Forest, where it is locally common on granite. Reserved in Girraween National Park.

Schoenus vaginatus. Known from few collections in New South Wales, but is locally common on rock outcrops in the Gibraltar Range group offorests.

Westringia sericea (3RC, Thomas and MacDonald, 1987). Two small populations, in Gibraltar Range State Forest and Brother State Forest. This species is known from few collections. It is reserved in Mt. Edwards National Park and Mt. Greville National Park in Queensland. The only other New South Wales collection is from Cangai State Forest, to the east ofGibraltar Range State Forest, but it may also occur in Gibraltar Range National Park.

3. Conservation Status ofPlant Communities

Itis difficult to assess the conservation status ofplant communities because ofthe ultimately subjective nature ofcommunity definition and its dependence on scale. Attempts to assess conservation status at a national scale are too broad for adequate consideration ofregional conservation requirements. Benson (1989) has made an attempt to describe conservation status of plant associations in New South Wales. This provides a preliminary basis for conservation assessment, although it considers only the tallest vegetation stratum and there are difficulties in relating observed stands to Benson's associations because no descriptions are provided. Assessment ofconservation status is also severely restricted by the lack ofadequate site-specific data for the existing reserve system State-wide. Any current assessment is likely to be conservative.

In this report, assessment ofconservation status is made as follows. Eucalypt forest overstorey communities are assessed by comparing plot data and communities resulting from floristic classification with those defined by Benson (1989), taking recent taxonomic and nomenclatural changes into account. Rainforest communities derived from the floristic classification are assessed from Floyd (1990). There is no adequate basis for assessing conservation status ofthe non-eucalypt

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -26-

("understorey") component ofeucalypt forests, which would be difficult in any case because ofthe short tenn dynamics ofunderstorey composition. Shrub communities on rock outcrops (floristic Group 1) and sedgelands and wet heath communities (Group 8) appear as floristically very distinct (Figure 3). No other understorey community is both spatially restricted and floristically disparate, and no special consideration of conservation status ofeucalypt forest understorey seems warranted. In subsequent discussion, overstorey communities defined in this report are prefixed by "GLEov" and understorey (full floristic excluding eucalypts) communities by "GLEf'.

Table 3 compares eucalypt Forest Types and indicates conservation status according to Benson (1989). The most extensive eucalypt Forest Types in the area are those in which Eucalyptus campanulata is dominant or common (overstorey community Group 9). With the exception ofstands containing E. brunnea or E. obliqua as associates, these communities are widespread, not threatened and are well reserved (Benson, 1989). Other communities regarded as well reserved and not threatened are those dominated by E. caliginosa (Group 5), E. radiata (Group 6) and E. saligna (Group 12). A possible exception to the latter case are stands containing a high proportion ofE. amplijolia (plots GLE01 and GLE06). These are grouped with other plots by the analysis because ofother similarities, but may need to be considered separately in tenns ofconservation significance because ofthe presence of E. amplijolia. Benson lists E. amplijolia association as vulnerable and inadequately conserved. Communities in which E. saligna and/or E. brunnea co-occur with E. campanulata are difficult to relate to Benson's associations. It is not clear whether he does not recognize these or whether they are included under the widespread associations dominated by anyone ofthe three species. The conservation status ofthese requires further investigation. The extensive E. campanulata-E. obliqua community (GLEov9.3) and E. obliqua-E. campanulata (10.2) are broadly equivalent to Benson's E. obliqua-E. andrewsii association, listed as extensive but not adequately conserved.

E. brunnea is very widespread in the area, especially as a minor component ofstands dominated by other species, but appears to rarely, ifever, occur as sole dominant. Where it is a major component, it nonnally occurs withE. campanulata or E. obliqua. The latter (community GLEovlO.1) is a distinctive community which is widespread in the area but does not equate to any ofBenson's associations.

Stands dominated by E. laevopinea are fairly widespread in the area, especially on moister, sheltered sites. These may be equated to Benson's E. laevopinea association which he regards as widespread but not adequately conserved. Well developed stands ofthis community are reserved in London Bridge and Kingsgate Forest Preserves.

E. dorrigoensis is widespread in the area and sometimes locally dominant, as community GLEov13. This does not relate easily to any Benson association and may be ofsignificance. It is most similar to the vulnerable and poorly conserved E. viminalis-E. benthamii association.

Stands dominated by E. andrewsii (GLEov2) equate to the E. andrewsii ssp. andrewsii association. This is listed as widespread but not adequately conserved. Inthe Management Area, this community occurs only in Torrington State Forest.

Several overstorey communities are represented by only a single plot, are ofrestricted distribution in the Management Area and appear as floristically very distinct in the analysis (i.e. unique at the level chosen to distinguish groups ofcommunities). These all occur along drainage depressions, minor gullies or lower slopes in Torrington State Forest. Plot TOR02 is distinct because ofthe relatively high proportion ofE. prava, a species which is not recorded elsewhere in the Management Area. This community appears most similar to Benson's E. youmannii-E. bancroftii, which he regards as vulnerable and poorly conserved. Community GLEov4 (E. caliginosa x E. mckieana dominant) is probably less distinctive than the analysis indicates because the analysis does not take taxonomic relationships into account. It is probably best regarded as a minor variant ofGLEov5, but its significance is worthy offurther investigation because E. mckieana is a species ofrestricted distribution and the E. mckieana association is listed as endangered and not conserved. Typical E. mckieana was not observed in the Management Area. and the population in Torrington State Forest appears to be a 'phantom' hybrid population. Community GLEov7 (plot TOR05) is distinct because ofthe relatively very high basal area ofE. dalrympleana ssp. heptantha, which otherwise occurs as only a minor component. Benson regards stands ofthis nature as vulnerable and poorly conserved.

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 ~ .. ( t

61 Table 3. Comparison of eucalypt forest types on the basis ofoverstorey composition. ~ ~ GLEov floristic community is derived from numerical classification of survey data as described in the text. F.e. Forest Type is the nearest equivalent ~ type as described in Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales (1989). Benson Association is the nearest equivalent association as defmed by Benson (1989), taking recent taxonomic changes into account. Reservation status codes are as follows: I E =endangered; V =vulnerable; N =not threatened; 1=not or very poorly conserved; 2 =inadequately conserved; 3 =adequately conserved. en

~ ~ GLEovfloristic community F.C. Forest Type Benson Association Reservation status (Benson 1989)

1.1 E. biturbinata-E. carnea 62. Grey Gum-White Mahogany

1.2 E. eugenioides 64. Grey Gum-Stringybark

2 E. andrewsii 163. New England Blackbutt E. andrewsii N2

3 E.prava 177. Red Gum-Stringybark E. youmannii-E. bancroftii VI I ~ 4 E. caliginosa x E. mckieana I I 5 E. caliginosa 122. New England Stringybark E. caliginosa N3

6.1 E. radiata-E.dalrympleana 111. Peppermint E.radiata N3

6.2 E. radiata-E. caliginosa 111. Peppermint E. radiata N3 I 61 ~ ~ fO ~ 6.3 E. cameronii-E. radiata 122. New England Stringybark ?E. radiata N3 I , g ~ 7.1 E. blakelyi 178. Western Red Gum 0 ~. ~ if g' 7.2 E. dalrympleana 159. Mountain/Manna Gum E. dalrympleana±E. caliginosa V2 I o ..... i ~ 8. E. dalrympleana (swamp form) 159. Mountain/Manna Gum E. dalrympleana±E. caliginosa V2 Izf :E en ~~

~ § ~ ~ ~ ... 1182;- ~ ~. (lj rn g F 61 Table 3 (cont.) Z§1 ~ ~~ ~ GLEoy floristic community P.C. Forest Type Benson association Reservation status (Benson 1989) Q 9 ~ ~~ (J'Q • 9.1 E. campanulata-E. cameronii 163. New England Blackbutt E. campanulata N3 _. 0 ~. g ;' ~ E. campanulata-E. cameronii N3 g' ::s g, 9.2 E. campanulata-E. obliqua 163. New England Blackbutt E. obliqua-E. andrewsii N2 i =:: ~ § en 9.3 E. campanulata-E. brunnea 163. New England Blackbutt Jg ~ g~ 9.4 E. cameronii-E. campanulata 163. New England Blackbutt E. campanulata-E. cameronii N3 ... 122. New England Stringybark ~ ~ 1" 10.1 E. obliqua-E. brunnea 152. Messmate-Gum

10.2 E. obliqua-E. campanulata 153. Messmate-Silvertop Stringybark E. obliqua-E. andrewsii N2

10.3 E. nobilis 159. Mountain/Manna Gum E. viminalis N2 IN 00 I I 11.1 E. laevopinea 167. Silvertop Stringybark E. laevopinea N2

11.2 E. laevopinea-E. microcorys 167. Silvertop Stringybark E. laevopinea N2

12.1 E. saligna-E.campanulata 46. Sydney Blue Gum ?E. saligna N3

12.2 E. saligna 46. Sydney Blue Gum E.saligna N3

13E. dorrigoensis 98. Dorrigo White Gum 61 ~ ~ §

~ ~ en CD

~ ~

" ~ ." Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, -29- Northern Region

Several other eucalypt communities ofvery limited occurrence inthe Management Area were not quantitatively sampled. A small stand (several ha) ofE. moluccana-E. tereticornis was observed on a saddle in Gibraltar Range State Forest. This community is regarded as endangered and very poorly conserved by Benson. Stands containing a high proportion ofE. nova-anglica, with E. paucijlora, E. radiata and E. dalrympleana, occur on gently undulating lower slopes in Warra State Forest. All

I.. communities characterized by E. nova-anglica are listed by Benson as poorly conserved and vulnerable orendangered.

The conservation status ofthe rainforest vegetation may be assessed by comparisons with Floyd's (1990) suballiances. Community GLEov16 may be related to Floyd's suballiance 35, Ceratopetaluml Schizomeria-Caldcluvia, which is regarded as having excellent conservation status. Community group 15 is intennediate in character between suballiances 12 and 13. Conservation status ofthe fonner is excellent. Floyd regards suballiance 13 as only occurring south ofthe Barrington Tops.

Stands dominated by Backhousia myrtijolia occur commonly in the area as narrow ribbons along creeks and gullies, often on steep slopes, in deeply incised valleys. Plot GIB05 is representative. This community (GLEovI7) may be readily related to Floyd's suballiance 29, B. myrtiJolia-Lophostemon conjertus-Tristaniopsis, which is considered as not reserved inthe northern part ofits range (Richmond and Qarence Rivers).

4. Impact ofLogging

The great majority ofsignificant species occur in steep and/or rocky sites which are unlikely to be directly affected by logging.

Although both logged and unlogged stands were sampled, it was very difficult to assess logging .. impact, for the following reasons: 1 There are no detailed pre-logging data available, and substantial differences may exist between previously logged and unlogged areas. Present differences in vegetation may be related more to site factors other than logging history.

2 Previously logged areas were often logged repeatedly orusing different prescriptions to that planned for future operations. Itis thus difficult to relate impact ofpast logging to that ofplanned logging..

As a result ofthese complications, it would be difficult to attempt to interpret logging impact on individual species and very difficult to interpret likely impact on individual plots. Logging ofanyone patch ofvegetation will cause local changes in relative abundance ofspecies, and local impact may be substantial, at least temporarily. However, the ordination diagrams ofFigures 3 and 4 suggest that these changes will be minor in the context ofoverall spatial variation in floristic composition. In particular, overall logging impact on floristic composition in open grassy forests, which comprise the bulk ofthe Management Area, is expected to be negligible.

5. Impact ofFire

The extensive grassy forests which occur over much ofthe plateau are clearly regularly burnt by low intensity fires. The relatively high degree offloristic unifonnity over a large range ofsites with varying physical attributes, including different geological substrates, suggests that this fire regime may have been a dominant factor in detennining understorey floristic composition. Forests with heath or sclerophyll shrub understoreys are more variable in floristic composition. These are also burnt regularly, but possibly at lower and/or more variable frequency than areas ofgrassy understorey. The separation between grassy and sclerophyll shrub understoreys is at least partly related to soil differences, the latter tending to occur on coarse-grained soils derived from granites, but the relationship is by no means clearly defined and large areas ofcoarse soils on granite (e.g. in Mt. Mitchell State Forest) support grassy understoreys.

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -30-

6. Impact ofGrazing Except for rainforest and precipitous slopes, all forests are extensively grazed by domestic and feral stock. Grazing has the potential to cause long-tenn shifts in floristic composition by selectively removing preferred food species. During the present survey, it was not possible to assess the long tenn impact because ofthe absence ofsuitable ungrazed control areas and interactions with grazing by native herbivores. Most areas appear to be subject to low intensity grazing, but some creeks and gullies had evidently been heavily browsed by both domestic and native herbivores. Itis also difficult to separate grazing and fIre impact over much ofthe area, because regularly grazed areas tend to be also regularly burnt. Casual observations suggest that the grassy understorey and low shrub density over large areas may be primarily due to a long history ofregular burning and grazing.

7. Weeds

Weed species (naturalized exotics) fonn a very small proportion ofthe overall flora ofthe area and are a very minor component ofthe vegetation generally. Some species, notably Hypochoeris radicata, Cirsium vulgare and Conyza albida are very widespread, in both logged and unlogged areas, but generally are only a very minor part ofthe vegetation. Their wide distribution could be partly related to grazing, although all three species have wind-borne seeds which disperse widely and all appear capable ofcolonizing relatively undisturbed areas.

Significant concentrations ofweeds occur only in localised areas that are heavily disturbed and only persist where disturbance is regular (such as heavily grazed areas and roadsides). The greatest numbers ofweed species usually occur along the more accessible parts oflarger creeks, due to a combination ofgrazing and regular flood scouring.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I CUll very grateful to Traecey Brassil for assistance with field work and data analysis. I thank staffof the Glen Innes District and Regional Forestry Offices, especially Steve Toms and Gary King, for their help and encouragement. I also thank staff ofthe National Herbarium of New South Wales, Gardens, especially Gwen Harden, Ken Hill, Theresa James, Barbara Weicek and Karen Wilson, for access to that collection and assistance with enquiries.

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, -31- Northern Region

REFERENCES

Forestry Commission ofN.S.W. (1986). Management Plan for Glen Innes Management Area. For. Comm. N.S.W. 141 pp

Forestry CommissionofN.S.W. (1989). Forest Types in New South Wales. For. Comm. N.S.W. Research Note No. 17. 95 pp.

Belbin, L. (1988). PATN Pattern Analysis Package Reference Manual. CSIRO Division ofWildlife and Rangelands Research. 289 pp.

Benson, J. (1989). Establishing priorities for the conservation ofrare or threatened plants and plant associations in New South Wales. In The Conservation ofThreatened Species and their Habitats. pp. 17-82. Australian Committee for IUCN, Canberra. 281 pp.

Briggs, J.D. and Leigh, J.H. (1988). Rare orThreatened Australian Plants. Aust. Nat. Parks Wildl. Serv. Special Publication No. 14. 278 pp.

Faith, D.P., Minchin, P.R. and Belbin, L. (1987). Compositional dissimilarity as a robust measure of ecological distance: A theoretical model and computer simulations. Vegetatio 69: 57-68.

Floyd, AG. (1990). Australian Rainforests in New South Wales. Vol. 2. Surrey Beatty and Sons Pty. Ltd., Sydney. 180 pp.

Green, P.E., Carmone, Jr., El, Smith, S.M. (1989). Multidimensional Scaling: Concepts and Applications. Allyn and Bacon. 407 pp.

Harden, G.J. ed. (1990). Flora ofNew South Wales. Vol. 1. N.S.W. Univ. Press. 601 pp.

Harden, G.J. ed. (1991). Flora ofNew South Wales. Vol. 2. N.S.W. Univ. Press. 574 pp.

Harden, G.J. ed. (1992). Flora ofNew South Wales. Vol. 3. In press.

Harden, G.J. and Everett, J. (1990). Dilleniaceae.In: Flora ofNew South Wales. Vol. 1. Harden, G. ed. pp. 293-303 N.S.W. Univ. Press. 601 pp.

Jacobs, S.W.L. and Lapinpuro, L. (1986). Alterations to the census ofNew South Wales plants. Telopea 2(6): 705-714.

Jacobs, S.W.L. and Pickard, J. (1981). Plants ofNew South Wales, A Census ofthe Cycads, Conifers and Angiosperms. Government Printer, Australia. 226 pp.

Johnson, L.AS. and Hill, K. (1990). New taxa and combinations in Eucalyptus and Angophora (Myrtaceae). Telopea 4: 37-108.

Thomas, M.B. and McDonald, W.lF. (1987). Rare and threatened plants ofQueensland. Qld. Dept. ofPrimary Industries. 68 pp.

Weston, P.R. and Johnson, L.AS. (1991). Taxonomic changes in Persoonia (Proteaceae) in New South Wales. Telopea 4: 269-306.

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -32-

Appendix 1. List ofvascular plant species recorded from State Forests ofGlen Innes Management Area. Taxonomy and nomenclature follow Jacobs and Pickard (1981), Jacobs and Lapinpuro (1986) and Harden (1990, 1991, 1992), except where more recent revisions are available. Except where otherwise indicated, all records are from the present survey.

Class FILICOPSIDA

ADIANTACEAE Adiantum aethiopicum L. M Adiantum diaphanum Blume Adiantumformosum R. Br. Adiantum hispidulum Sw. M Adiantum silvaticum Tind. ASPLENIACEAE Asplenium attenuatum R. Br. Asplenium australasicum (Smith) Hook. M Asplenium bulbiferum Forster f. Asplenium/labellifolium Cav. Aspleniumjlaccidum Forst. f. spp.jlaccidum M Pleurosorus subglandulosus (Hook. and Grev.) Tind. ATHYRIACEAE H Diplazium australe (R. Br.) Wakef. BLECHNACEAE Blechnum cartilagineum Sw. Blechnum minus (R. Br.) Ettingsh Blechnum nudum (Labill.) Men. ex Luerss. Blechnum patersonii (R. Br.) Men. M Blechnum penna-marina (poiret) Kuhn Doodia aspera R. Br. .H Doodia caudata (Cav.) R. Br. var. caudata H Doodia media R. Br. ssp. media CYATHEACEAE Cyathea australis (R. Br.) Domin M Cyathea leichhardtiana (F. Muell.) Copel. DAVALLIACEAE M Arthropteris beckleri (Hook.) Mett. Arthropteris tenella (Forst. f.) 1. Srn. Davallia pyxidata Cav. DENNSTAEDTIACEAE Dennstaedtia davallioides (R. Br.) T. Moore Histiopteris incisa (Thunb.) 1. Smith H Hypolepis glandulifera (Thunb.) Kuhn H Hypolepis muelleri Wakef. Pteridium esculentum (Forst.) Nakai DICKSONIACEAE Calochlaena dubia (R. Br.) Turner and White Dicksonia antarctica Labill. DRYOPTERIDACEAE M Arachniodes aristata (Forster f.) Tind. Lastreopsis acuminata (Houlston) Morton Lastreopsis decomposita (R. Br.) Tindale H Lastreopsis microsora (Endl.) Tindale H Lastreopsis munita (Mett.) Tindale H Lastreopsis smithiana Tindale H Polystichum ?fallax Tindale M Polystichumformosum Tind.

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area. -33- Northern Region

Appendix 1. (con1.)

GLEICHENIACEAE Gleichenia dicarpa R. Br. Sticherusjlabellatus (R. Br.) S1. John Sticherus lobatus N. A. Wakefield GRAMMITIDACEAE M Grammitis billardieri Willd. HYMENOPHYLLACEAE H Polyphlebium venosum (R' Br.) CopeI. LINDSAEACEAE Undsaea linearis Sw. Lindsaea microphylla Sw. MARSILEACEAE M Marsilea angustifolia R. Br. OpmOGLOSSACEAE Botrychium australe R. Br. OSMUNDACEAE Todea barbara (L.) T. Moore POLYPODIACEAE Dictymia brownii (Wikstr.) CopeI. Microsorum diversifolium (Willd.) CopeI. Microsorum scandens (Fors1. f.) Tindale Platycerium bifurcatum (Car.) C. Chr. Platycerium superbum Joncheere and Hennipman Pyrrosia conjluens (R. Br.) Ching Pyrrosia rupestris (R. Br.) Ching PTERIDACEAE Pteris tremula R. Br. Pteris wnbrosa R. Br. SCmZAEACEAE M Schizaea bifida Willd. SINOPTERIDACEAE Cheilanthes distans (R' Br.) Men. Cheilanthes sieberi Kuntze ssp. sieberi Pellaeafalcata (R. Br.) Fee var.falcata Pellaeafalcata (R. Br.) Fee var. nana Hook. Pellaea paradoxa (R. Br.) Hook. THELYPTERIDACEAE Christella dentata (Forsskal) Brownsey and Jenny

Class CONIFEROPSIDA

CUPRESSACEAE Callitris endlicheri (parI.) F. M. Bail. M Callitris oblonga A. Rich and Rich. .. H Callitris rhomboidea R. Br.

Class MAGNOLIOPSIDA - MAGNOLIIDAE

ACANTHACEAE Pseuderanthemum variabile (R. Br.) Radlk. H Rostellularia adscendens (R' Br.) R. M. Barker ALANGIACEAE Alangium villosum (BI.) Wangerin ssp. polysomoides

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -34-

Appendix 1. (cont.)

AMARANTHACEAE H Alternanthera denticulata R. Br. Deeringia amaranthoides (Lamk.) Merr. ANACARDIACEAE Euroschinus falcata Hook. f. var. falcata APIACEAE M Actinotus gibbonsii F. Muell. M Actinotus helianthi Labill. Centella asiatica (L.) Urban Daucus glochidiatus (Labill.) Fisch. Hydrocotyle geraniifolia F. Muell. H Hydrocotyle laxiflora DC. Hydrocotyle pedicellosa F. Muell. Hydrocotyle peduncularis R. Br. ex A. Rich. Hydrocotyle tripartita R. Br. ex A. Rich. Oreomyrrhis eriopoda (DC.) Hook. f. H Platysace ericoides (Sieber ex Spreng.) C. Nonnan Platysace lanceolata (Labill.) Druce Trachymene incisa Rudge ssp. incisa H Trachymene anisocarpa (Turcz.) B.L. Buott Xanthosia pilosa Rudge APOCYNACEAE Alyxia ruscifolia R. Br. M Parsonsiafulva S.T. Blake H Parsonsia ?induplicata F. Muell. Parsonsia straminea (R. Br.) F. Muell. Parsonsia velutina R. Br. H Parsonsia species C Parsonsia species A ARALIACEAE Astrotricha longifolia Benth. Cephalaralia cephalobotrys (p. Muell.) Hanns Polyscias elegans (C. Moore and F. Muell.) Hanns Polyscias sambucifolia (Sieber ex DC.) Hanns ASCLEPIADACEAE *Gomphocarpus sp. M Hoya australis R. Br. Marsdeniaflavescens A. Cunn. Marsdenia rostrata R. Br. Marsdenia suberosa S. T. Blake H Tylophora paniculata R. Br. ASTERACEAE M Ammobium alatum R. Br. Arrhenechthites mixta (A. Rich.) Belcher *Bidens pilosa L. H *Bidens subalternans DC. M Brachycome aculeata (Labill.) Less. Bracteanatha bracteata (Vent.) Anderberg and Haegi H Brachycome ?microcarpa F. Muell. H Brachycome nova-anglica G. L. Davis H Brachycome scapigera (Sieber ex Spreng.) DC. H Brachycome stuartii Benth. H Brachycome ?tenuiscapa Hook. f. H Bracteantha viscosa (Sieber ex Spreng.) Anderberg and Haegi H Calotis cuneifolia R. Br. H Calotis dentex R. Br.

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, -35- Northern Region

Appendix 1. (cont.)

M Calotis lappulacea Benth. Cassinia quinquejaria R. Br. ... Centipeda minima (L.) R. Br. and Aschers. H Chrysocephalum apiculatum (Labill.) Steetz *Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. *Conyza albida Willd. ex Spreng. M Cotula australis (Sieber) Hook f. Craspedia variabilis Everett and Doust Cymbonotus sp. Gnaphalium gymnocephalum DC. Gnaphalium sphaericum Willd. M Helichrysum boormanii Maiden and Betehe Helichrysum elatum A. Cunn. ex DC. H Helichrysum rutidolepis DC. H Helichrysum scorpioides Labill. *Hypochoeris radicata L. Lagenijera ?gracilis Steetz Lagenijera stipitata (Labill.) Druce M Leucochrysum albicans (A. Cunn.) Paul G. Wilson M Olearia canescens (Benth.) Hutch. H Olearia cydoniijolia (DC.) Benth. H Olearia elliptica DC. M Olearia gravis (p. Muell.) F. Muell. Olearia microphylla (Vent.) Maiden and Betche H Olearia oppositijolia (p. Muell.) Lander Olearia ramulosa (Labill.) Benth. Ozothamnus bidwillii (Benth.) Anderberg Ozothamnus diosmijolius (Vent.) DC. Ozothamnus obovatus (DC.) Anderberg Ozothamnus rujescens DC. *Picris hieracioides L. ssp. hieracioides M Podolepis jaceoides (Sims) Voss H Podolepis neglecta G. L. Davis Rhodanthe anthemoides (Sprengel) Paul G. Wilson Senecio amygdalijolius F. Muell. Senecio biserratus Belcher Senecio hispidulus A. Rich. var. hispidulus Senecio linearijolius A. Rich. Senecio minimus Poir. var. minimus Senecio vagus F. Muell. ssp. vagus H Senecio sp. E (aff. apargiaejolius) *Sigesbeckia orientalis L. *Sonchus oleraceus L. *Taraxacum officinale Weber M Triptilodiscus pygmaeus Turcz Vernonia cinerea Less. var. cinerea Vittadinia tenuissima (Benth.) J. M. Black Youngia japonica ATHEROSPERMATACEAE Doryphora sassafras End!. BAUERACEAE M Bauera rubioides Andr. BIGNONIACEAE Pandorea pandorana (Andr.) Steenis

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -36-

Appendix 1. (cont.)

BORAGINACEAE Cynoglossum latijolium R. Br. Ehretia acuminata R. Br. var. acuminata BRASSICACEAE H Cardamine paucijuga Turcz. CAMPANULACEAE H Wahlenbergia graniticola Carotin H Wahlenbergia sp. H Wahlenbergia stricta Sweet CAPPARIDACEAE Capparis arborea (F. Muell.) Maiden CAPRIFOLIACEAE Sambucus australasica (Lindl.) Fritsch CARYOPHYLLACEAE M *Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. H *Paronychia brasiliana DC. H Scleranthus bijlorus (Forst. and Forst. f.) Hook. Stellariaflaccida Hook. CASUARINACEAE Allocasuarina littoralis (Salisb.) L. A. S. Johnson M Allocasuarina luehmannii (R. T. Bak.) L. A. S. Johnson H Allocasuarina rigida (Miq.) L. A. S. Johnson ssp. rigida Allocasuarina torulosa (Ail) L. A. S. Johnson Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq. CELASTRACEAE Cassine australis (Vent.) Kuntze Celastrus australis Harv. and F. Muell. Celastrus subspicatus Hook. Denhamia celastroides F. Muell. Maytenus bilocularis (F. Muell.) Loes. Maytenus silvestris Lander and L. A. S. Johnson CHLOANTHACEAE H Chloanthes parvijlora Walp. CONVOLVULACEAE M Convolvulus erubescens Sims Dichondra repens Forst. and Forst. f. CRASSULACEAE M Crassula sieberiana (Schult.) Druce CUCURBITACEAE Zehneria cunninghamii F. Muell. CUNONIACEAE Aphanopetalum resinosum Endl. Caldcluvia paniculosa (F. Muell.) Hoogl Callicoma serratijolia Andr. Ceratopetalum apetalum D. Don Schizomeria ovata D. Don .. DILLENIACEAE H Hibbertia acicularis (Labill.) F. Muell. Hibbertia aspera DC. Hibbertia dentata R. Br. ex DC. Hibbertia empetrijolia (DC.) Hoogl. H Hibbertia hermanniijolia DC.

Forestry Commission of New South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, -37- Northern Region

Appendix 1. (cont.)

H Hibbertia linearis R. Br. ex DC. Hibbertia obtusijolia DC. .. H Hibbertia riparia (DC.) Hoogl. s.lat. Hibbertia scandens (Willd.) Gilg. H Hibbertia serpyllijolia R. Br. ex DC. H Hibbertia ?vestita Cunn. ex Benth. H Hibbertia sp. B (aff. obtusijolia) DROSERACEAE Drosera binata Labill. M Drosera burmanni Vahl M Drosera peltata Srn. Drosera pygmaea DC. H Drosera spatulata Labill. EBENACEAE Diospyros australis (R. Br.) Hiem Diospyros pentamera (Woolls and F. Muell.) F. Muell. ELAEOCARPACEAE Aristotelia australasica F. Muell. Elaeocarpus obovatus G. Don Elaeocarpus reticulatus Srn. Sloanea woollsii F. Muell. EPACRIDACEAE H Brachyloma daphnoides (Srn.) Benth. H Epacris microphylla R. Br. var. microphylla H Leucopogon biflorus R. Br. ,," M Leucopogonjraseri A. Cunn. Leucopogon lanceolatus (Srn.) R. Br. var. lanceolatus H Leucopogon melaleucoides A. Cunn. ex DC. H Leucopogon microphyllus (Cav.) R. Br. var. microphyllus H Leucopogon neo-anglicus F. Muell. ex Benth. H Leucopogon sp. novo ('cicatricatus' Powell ined.) H Melichrus procumbens (Cav.) Druce. H Melichrus urceolatus R. Br. Monotoca scoparia (Srn.) R. Br. var. scoparia H Styphelia viridis Andr. Trochocarpa laurina R. Br. ESCALLONIACEAE Abrophyllum ornans (p. Muell.) Hook. f. M Anopterus macleayanus F. Muell. M Cuttsia viburnea F. Muell. H Polyosma cunninghamii Benn. Quintinia sieberi DC. EUPHORBIACEAE Acalypha nemorum F. Muell. Alchornea ilicijolia J. Srn. .. Amperea xiphoclada (Sieber ex Spreng.) Druce' Baloghia inophylla (Forster. f.) P. Green H Bertya sp. A (aff. opponens)

.i' Breynia oblongijolia Muell. Arg. Claoxylon australe Baill. Cleistanthus cunninghamii Muell. Arg. Croton insularis Baill. Drypetes australasica (Muell. Arg.) Pax and K. Hoffmann

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -38-

Appendix 1. (cont.)

M Omalanthus populijolius Grab. M Petalostigma pubescens Dornin Phyllanthus gasstroemii Muell. Arg. '!" Phyllanthus hirtellus Muell. Arg. Phyllanthus similis Muell. Arg. H Phyllanthus virgatus Forster f. Poranthera ericijolia Rudge Poranthera microphylla Brongn. EUPOMATIACEAE Eupomatia laurina R. Br. FABACEAE-FABOIDEAE M Aotus ericoides (Vent.) G. Don H Aotus subglauca Blakely and McKie var. subglauca M Bossiaea buxijolia A. Cunn. H Bossiaea neo-anglica F. Muell. H Bossiaea obcordata (Vent.) Druce Bossiaea rhombijolia Sieber H Bossiaea scortechinii F. Muell. Crotalaria montana Roth. Daviesia latijolia R. Br. Daviesia mimosoides R. Br. H Daviesia wyattiana F. M. Bail. Desmodium brachypodum A. Gray Desmodium rhytidophyllum F. Muell. ex Benth. Desmodium varians (Labill.) End!. H Dillwynia phylicoides Cunn. H Dillwynia sericea A. Cunn. Glycine clandestina Wend!. Gompholobium huegelii Benth. Gompholobium latijolium Srn. Goodia lotijolia Salisb. Hardenbergia violacea (Schneev.) Steam Hovea linearis (Srn.) R. Br. H Hovea longijolia R. Br. H Hovea purpurea Sweet H Hovea species A Indigojera australis Willd. Var' australis Jacksonia scoparia R. Br. Kennedia rubicunda (Schneev.) Vent. H Oxylobium ?ellipticum (Labill.) R. Br. Oxylobium ilicijolium (Andr.) Dornin H Phyllota phylicoides (Sieber ex DC.) Benth. H Pultenaea altissima F. Muell. ex Benth. Pultenaea daphnoides Wend!. H Pultenaeajoliolosa A. Cunn. ex Benth. H Pultenaea juniperina Labill. Var. mucronata (Benth.) Corrick M Pultenaea microphylla Sieber H Pultenaea linophylla Schrad. H Pultenaea polijolia A. Cunn. .. H Pultenaea pycnocephala F. Muell. ex Benth. Pultenaea retusa Srn. H Pultenaea stuartiana Williamson Pultenaea villosa Willd.

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey. Glen Innes Management Area, -39- Northern Region

Appendix 1. (cont.)

M Swainsonia brachycarpa Benth. M Swainsonia galegijolia (Andr.) R. Br. *Trijolium repens L. FABACEAE-MIMOSOIDEAE M Acacia adunca A. Cunn. H Acacia betchei Maiden and Blakely Acacia binervata DC. M Acacia brownei (poir.) Steud. H Acacia buxifolia A. Cunn. ssp. pubiflora H Acacia cheelii Blakely M Acacia dealbata Link H Acaciafalcijormis DC. H Acacia filicijolia Cheel and Welch H Acacia fimbriata A. Cunn. ex G. Don H Acaciajloribunda (Vent.) Willd. M Acacia implexa Benth. Acacia irrorata Sieber ex Spreng. M Acacia macnuttiana Maiden and Blakely Acacia maidenii F. Muell. Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. Acacia myrtijolia (Srn.) Willd. M Acacia neriijolia A. Cunn. Acacia obtusijolia A. Cunn. M Acacia polybotrya Benth. H Acacia pruinosa A. Cunn. ex Benth. M Acacia rubida A. Cunn. H Acacia stricta (Andr.) Willd. M Acacia torringtonensis Tindale H Acacia ulicijolia (Salisb.) Court H Acacia venulosa Benth. H Acacia viscidula Benth. FLACOURTIACEAE Berberidopsis beckleri (p. Muell.) Veldk. GENTIANACEAE *Centaurium erythraea Rafn GERANIACEAE H Geranium homeanum Turcz. Geranium neglectum Carolin Geranium potentilloides L. Rerit. ex DC. Geranium solanderi Carolin var. solanderi Pelargonium australe Wind. GESNERIACEAE Fieldia australis A. Cunn. GOODENIACEAE Dampiera purpurea R. Br. Dampiera stricta (Srn.) R. Br. H Goodenia bellidijolia Srn. M Goodenia glabra R. Br. H Goodenia hederacea Srn. H Goodenia heterophylla Srn. HALORAGACEAE H Gonocarpus humilis Orchard Gonocarpus micranthus Thunb. ssp. micranthus Gonocarpus oreophilus Orchard

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales -- ._----

Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -40-

Appendix 1. (cont.)

H Gonocarpus tetragynus Labill. H Gonocarpus teucrioides DC. Haloragis heterophylla Brongn. .. M Myriophyllum crispatum Orch. HVPERICACEAE Hypericum gramineum Forst. f. Hypericum japonicum Thunb. ICACINACEAE Citronella moorei (p. Muell. ex Benth.) Howard Pennantia cunninghamii Forst. and Forst. f. LAMIACEAE Ajuga australis R. Br. Mentha diemenica Spreng. Plectranthus graveolens R. Br. Plectranthus parvijlorus Willd. H Plectranthus suaveolens S. T. Blake M Prostanthera euphrasioides Benth. H Prostanthera incisa R. Br. H Prostanthera nivea A. Cunn. var. induta Benth. M Prostanthera ovalifolia R. Br. M Prostanthera saxicola R. Br. H Prostanthera scutellarioides M Prostanthera staurophylla F. Muell. M Prostanthera teretijolia Maiden and Betehe Prunella vulgaris L. Teucrium sp. M Westringia eremicola A. Cunn. H Westringia sericea Boivin LAURACEAE M Beilschmiedia elliptica C. T. White and Francis Cassytha glabella R. Br. Cinnamomum virens R. T. Bak. Cryptocaryajoveolata C. T. White and Francis M Cryptocarya glaucescens R. Br. Cryptocarya microneura Meisn. Cryptocarya obovata R. Br. Cryptocarya rigida Meisn. H Endiandra muelleri Meisn. Endiandra sieberi Nees Utsea reticulata (Meisn.) F. Muell. Neolitsea australiensis Kostenn. Neolitsea dealbata (R. Br.) Merr. LENTIBULARIACEAE H Utricularia dichotoma Labill. LOBELIACEAE Isotoma axillaris Lindl. H Lobelia gracilis Andr. Lobelia trigonocaulis F. Muell. Pratia pedunculata (R. Br.) Benth. Pratia purpurascens (R. Br.) E. Wimmer LOGANIACEAE Logania albijlora (Andr.) Druce

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, -41- Northern Region

Appendix 1. (cont.)

LORANTHACEAE Amyema congener Sieber ssp. congener H Amyema miquelii (Lehm. exMiq.) Tieghern H Amyema pendulum (Sieber ex Spreng.) Tieghern Muellerina eucalyptoides (DC.) Barlow LYTHRACEAE H Lythrum salicaria L. MALVACEAE Hibiscus splendens C. Fraser ex. Grah. *Sida rhombi/olia L. ssp. rhombi/olia MELIACEAE Dysoxylumjraserianum (A. Juss.) Benth. M Melia azederach L. var. australasica (A. Juss.) C. DC. Synoum glandulosum (Srn.) A. Juss. Toona ciliata M. Roerner MENISPERMACEAE Legnephora moorei (F. Muell.) Miers Sarcopetalum harveyanum F. Muell. Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers var. discolor (BI.) Fonnan MENYANTHACEAE Villarsia reniformis R. Br. MONIMIACEAE Daphnandra sp. A Hedycarya angustifolia A. Cunn. Palmeria scandens F. Muell. M Wilkiea huegeliana (Tul.) A. DC. MORACEAE Ficus coronata Spin H Ficus rubiginosa Desf. ex Vent. H Ficus superba Miq. var. henneana (Miq.) Corner M Ficus watkinsiana F. M. Bail. Madura cochinchinensis (Lour.) Corner M Malaisia scandens (Lour.) Planch. Streblus brunonianus (Endl.) F. Muell. MYOPORACEAE Eremophila debilis (Andr.) Chinnock M Myoporum acuminatum R. Br. MYRSINACEAE M Embelia australiana (F. Muell.) Mez. Rapanea howittiana Mez Rapanea variabilis (R. Br.) Mez MYRTACEAE Acmena smithii (poir.) Merr. and Perry H Angophora subvelutina F. Muell. Archirhodomyrtus beckleri (F. Muell.) A. 1. Scott Backhousia myrtijolia Hook. f. and Harv. Backhousia sciadophora F. Muell. H Baeckea sp. C (aff. diosmi/olia) Baeckea virgata (Forst. and Forst. f.) Andr. H Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels H Callistemonflavovirens Cheel Callistemon pityoides F. Muell. Callistemon salignus (Srn.) DC.

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -42-

Appendix 1. (cont.)

Callistemon sieberi DC. Calytrix tetragona Labill. H Decaspermum humile (G. Don) A. 1. Scott H Eucalyptus acaciijormis H. Deane and Maiden M Eucalyptus acmenoides Schauer M Eucalyptus albens Benth. H Eucalyptus amplijolia Naudin ssp. sessiliflora Eucalyptus andrewsii Maiden M Eucalyptus banksii Maiden Eucalyptu..s biturbinata L. Johnson and K. Hill Eucalyptus blakelyi Maiden H Eucalyptus bridgesiana R T. Bak. Eucalyptus brunnea L. Johnson and K. Hill Eucalyptus caleyi Maiden Eucalyptus caliginosa Blakely and McKie H Eucalyptus caliginosa x mckieana Eucalyptus cameronii Blakely and McKie Eucalyptus campanulata R Baker and H. G. Smith H Eucalyptus camphora RT. Bak ssp. relicta L. Johnson and K. Hill Eucalyptus carnea R T. Bak. H Eucalyptus codonocarpa Blakely and McKie H Eucalyptus codonocarpa x campanulata H Eucalyptus crebra F. Muell. H Eucalyptus dalrympleana Maiden ssp. heptantha L. A. S. Johnson H Eucalyptus dalrympleana (swamp fonn) (? rubida intergrade) M Eucalyptus dealbata Cunn. .. H Eucalyptus dorrigoensis (Blakely) L. Johnson Eucalyptus eugenioides Sieber ex Spreng. Eucalyptus intermedia R T. Bak. Eucalyptus laevopinea R T. Bak. H Eucalyptus ligustrina DC. Eucalyptus melliodora A. Cunn. ex Schauer Eucalyptus microcorys F. Muell. Eucalyptus moluccana Roxb. H Eucalyptus nobilis L. Johnson and K. Hill Eucalyptus notabilis Maiden Eucalyptus nova-anglica H. Deane and Maiden Eucalyptus obliqua L 'Herit. H Eucalyptus olida L. Johnson and K. Hill Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieber ex Spreng. H Eucalyptus prava L. Johnson and K. Hill M Eucalyptus quadrangulata H. Deane and Maiden M Eucalyptus racemosa Cav. Eucalyptus radiata Sieber ssp. sejuncta L. Johnson and K. Hill Eucalyptus saligna Srn. M Eucalyptus sideroxylon A. Cunn. Eucalyptus stannicola L. Johnson and K. Hill M Eucalyptus stellulata Sieber Eucalyptus tereticornis Srn. Eucalyptus viminalis Labill. H Eucalyptus williamsiana L. Johnson and K. Hill M Kunzea bracteolata Maiden and Betche Kunzea ericoides (A. Rich.) J. Thornpson H Kunzea? obovata Bymes

Foresby Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 ~------

Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area. -43- Northern Region

Appendix 1. (cont.)

H Leptospermum arachnoides Gaertn. M Leptospermum brachyandrum (p. Muell.) Druce H Leptospermum brevipes F. Muell. H Leptospermum gregarium 1. Thornpson H Leptospermum microcarpum Cheel H Leptospermum minutifolium (p. Muell.) C. T. White H Leptospermum novae-angliae J. Thornpson H Leptospermum petersonii F. M. Bail. H Leptospermum polygalijolium Salisb. ssp. montanum J. Thornpson Leptospermum trinervium (Smith) J. Thornpson Lophostemon confertus (R. Br.) Peter G. Wilson Rhodamnia rubescens (Benth.) Miq. M Syncarpia glomulijera (Srn.) Nied. H Syzygium australe (Wendl.) B. Hyland M Syzygium crebrinerve (C. T. White) L. A. S. Johnson OLEACEAE M Jasminum singulijlorum F. M. Bail. and F. Muell. Jasminum volubile Jacq. H Notelaea linearis Benth. H Notelaea longijolia Vent. H Notelaea microcarpa R. Br. var. microcarpa Notelaea venosa F. Muell Olea paniculata R. Br. ONAGRACEAE Epilobium billardierianum Ser. ssp. cinereum (A. Rich.) Raven and Engel. OXALIDACEAE Oxalis sp. PEPEROMIACEAE Peperomia leptostachya Hook. and Am. Peperomia tetraphylla (Forst. f.) Hook and Am. PIPERACEAE Piper novae-hollandiae Miq. PITTOSPORACEAE Billardiera procumbens (Hook.) Bennett Billardiera scandens Srn. Bursaria spinosa Cav. Citriobatus paucijlorus A. Cunn. ex Ettingsh. Hymenosporumjlavum (Hook.) F. Muell. M Pittosporum phillyreoides DC. Pittosporum revolutum Ait. Pittosporum undulatum Vent. PLANTAGINACEAE Plantago debilis R. Br. POLYGALACEAE Comesperma ericinum DC. Polygala japonica Houtt. POLYGONACEAE H Muehlenbeckia sp. novo ('costata' K. L. Wilson ined.) Persicaria decipiens (R. Br.) Wilson Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Spach H Persicaria praetermissa (Hook. f.) Hara Rumex brownii Campd.

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -44-

Appendix 1. (cont.)

PROTEACEAE Banksia cunninghamii Sieber ssp. A Banksia integrifolia L. f. Banksia marginata Cav. H Grevillea arenaria R. Br. H Grevillea juniperina R. Br. (fonn trinervis) H Grevillea linearifolia (Cav.) Druce H Grevillea scortechinii (p. Muell.) F. Muell. ssp. sarmentosa (Blakely and McKie) McGillivray Hakea dactyloides (Gaertn.) Cav. Hakea eriantha R. Br. Hakea microcarpa R. Br. H Hakea salicifolia (Vent.) B. L. Burtt M Isopogon petiolaris A. Cunn. M Lomatiajraseri R. Br. Lomatia silaifolia (Srn.) R. Br. Orites excelsa R. Br. H Persoonia cornifolia A. Cunn. ex R. Br. M Persoonia media R. Br. H Persoonia oleoides L. Johnson and P. Weston H Persoonia oleoides-cornijolia intergrade H Persoonia sericea A. Cunn. ex R. Br. H Persoonia sericea x tenuifolia H Persoonia tenuijolia R. Br. Petrophile canescens A. Cunn ex R. Br. Petrophile pulchella (Schrad.) R. Br. .... M Stenocarpus salignus R. Br. RANUNCULACEAE Clematis aristata R. Br. ex DC. Clematis glycinoides DC. Ranunculus lappaceus Srn. Ranunculus plebeius R. Br. ex DC. RHAMNACEAE Alphitonia excelsa (Fenzl) Reiss. ex Benth. H Cryptandra amara Smith var. longijlora F. Muell. H Cryptandra lanosijlora F. Muell. H Pomaderris andromedijolia A. Cunn. H Pomaderris betulina Hook. H Pomaderris intermedia Sieber H Pomaderris lanigera (Andr.) Siros ROSACEAE Acaena novae-zelandiae Kirk M Acaena ovina A. Cunn. Rubus hillii F. Muell. Rubus parvijolius L. Rubus rosifolius Srn. Rubus sp. A (aff. moorei) RUBIACEAE Coprosma quadrifida (Labill.) B. L. Rob. Galium binijolium N. A. Wakef. Galiumspp. H Hodgkinsonia ovatijlora F. Muell. Morinda acutifolia (p. Muell. ex Benth.) F. Muell.

Foresby Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, -45- Northern Region

Appendix 1. (cont.)

Morinda jasminoides A. Cunn. Opercularia aspera Gaertn. H Opercularia hispida Spreng. Pomax umbellata (Gaertn.) Soland. ex A. Rich Psychotria loniceroides Sieber ex DC. RUTACEAE H Acronychia oblongifolia (A. Cunn. ex Hook.) Endl. H Acronychia pubescens (p. M. Bail.) C. T. White H Boronia algida F. Muell. W Boronia anemonifolia A. Cunn. H Boronia anethifolia A. Cunn. ex Endl. H Boronia bipinnata Undl. H Boronia microphylla Sieber ex Spreng. H Boronia parviflora Srn. H Boronia polygalifolia Srn. Correa reflexa (Labill.) Vent. Var. reflexa H Eriostemon difformis A. Cunn. ssp. smithianus (Benth.) P. G. Wilson H Eriostemon myoporoides DC. ssp. epilosus P. G. Wilson M Geijera salicifolia Schott H Melicope hayesii T. Hartley Melicope micrococca (p. Muell.) T. Hartley H Phebalium ambiens (p. Muell.) Maiden and Betche W Phebalium squamulosum Vent. ssp. ozothamnoides (p. Muell) Paul G. Wilson M Sarcomelicope simplicifolia (Endl.) H Zieria cytisoides Srn. H Zieria fraseri Hook. ssp. B Zieria smithii Andr. H Zieria ?sp. K SANTALACEAE H Choretrum candollei F. Muell. Exocarpos cupressiformis Labill. Exocarpus strictus R. Br. H Santalum obtusifolium R. Br. SAPINDACEAE H Alectryon subcinereus (A. Gray) Radlk. H Alectryon subdentatus (Benth.) Radlk. Diploglottis australis (G. Don) Radlk. Dodonaea megazyga F. Muell. H Dodonaea rhombifolia N. A. Wakef. H Dodonaea serratifolia McGillivray Dodonaea triquetra Wend!. H Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. Guioa semiglauca (p. Muell.) Radlk. Sarcopteryx stipitata (p. Muell.) Radlk. SCROPHULARIACEAE H Glossostigma diandrum (L) Kuntze Gratiola preuviana L. Gratiola pedunculata R. Br. M Derwentia derwentiana (Andr.) B. G. Briggs and Ehrend. H Derwentia sp. ('arcuata' Briggs ined.) Veronica calycina R. Br. Veronica notabilis F. Muell. ex Benth. Veronica plebeia R. Br.

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -46-

Appendix 1. (cont.)

SOLANACEAE M Duboisia myoporoides R. Br. Solanum aviculare Forst. f. Solanum brownii Dunal Solanum densevestitum F. Muell. ex Benth. H Solanum elegans Dunal M *Solanum nigrum L. Solanum opacum A. Br. and Bouche Solanum prinophyllum Dunal *Solanum pseudocapsicum L. Solanum pungetium R. Br. Solanum stelligerum Srn. STACKHOUSIACEAE Stackhousia monogyna Labill. Stackhousia viminea Srn. STERCULIACEAE M Brachychiton acerijolius F. Muell. Brachychiton populneus (Schott) R. Br. H Commersoniajraseri J. Gay H Keraudrenia hillii F. Muell. var. hi/lii H Lasiopetalumjerrugineum Srn. var. cordatum Benth. STYLIDIACEAE Stylidium graminijolium Sw. ex Willd. M Stylidium laricijolium Rich. SURIANACEAE M Guilfoylia monostylis (Benth.) F. Muell. THYMELAEACEAE H Pimelea curviflora R. Br. M Pimelea ligustrina Labill. Pimelea linijolia Srn. ssp. linijolia TRIMENIACEAE Piptocalyx moorei Ollv. ex Benth. ULMACEAE Trema aspera (Brongn.) Bl. URTICACEAE Dendrocnide excelsa (Wedd.) Chew Elatostemma reticulatum Wedd. var. reticulatum Elatostemma stipitatum Wedd. Urtica incisa Poir. VERBENACEAE Clerodendrum tomentosum R. Br. M *Lantana camara L. *Verbena bonariensis L. VIOLACEAE H Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F. Muell. ssp. stellarioides (Dornin) E. Bennett Hybanthus monopetalus (Roern. and Schult.) Dornin Hymenanthera dentata R. Br. ex Ging. Viola betonicijolia Srn. H Viola caleyana G. Don Viola hederacea Labill. VITACEAE Cayratia clematidea (p. Muell.) Dornin Cissus antarctica Vent.

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, -47- Northern Region

Appendix 1. (cont)

Cissus hypoglauca A. Gray M Cissus sterculiifolia (F. Muell.) Planch. Tetrastigma nitens (F. Muell.) Planch. WlNTERACEAE Tasmannia insipida R. Br. ex DC. H Tasmannia stipitata (Vickery) A. C. Srn.

Class MAGNOLIOPSIDA - LILIIDAE ANTHERIACEAE Arthropodium millejlorum (Red.) Macbride Laxmannia gracilis R. Br. TricoryneewtiorR.B~ ARACEAE M Alocasia macrorhizos (L.) G. Don Gymnostachys anceps R. Br. Typhonium brownii Schott ARECACEAE M Unospadix monostachya (Mart.) H. Wendl. ASPHODELACEAE M Bulbine bulbosa (R. Br.) Haw. ASTEUACEAE Cordyline petiolaris (Domin) Pedley COLCmCACEAE M Wunnbea dioica F. Muell. COMMELINACEAE Aneilema acuminatum R. Br. Commelina cyanea R. Br. Pollia crispata (R. Br.) Benth. CYPERACEAE H Baumea nuda (Steudel) S.T. Blake H ?Baumea rubiginosa (Spreng.) Boeck. H Bulbostylis densa (Wall.) Hand.-Mazz Carex appressa R. Br. Carex breviculmis R. Br. H Carex hattoriana Nakai ex Tuyama Carex inversa R. Br. Carex lobolepis F. Muell. H Carex longebrachiata Boeck. H Caustis jlexuosa R. Br. H Cyperus enervis R. Br. M Cyperus disjunctus C. B. Clarke H Cyperus jlaccidus R. Br. H *Cyperus favescens L H Cyperus gracilis R. Br. H Cyperus imbecillis R. Br. H Cyperus lucidus R. Br. H Cyperus sanguinolentus Vahl H Cyperus sphaeroideus L. A. S. Johnson and O. D. Evans H Cyperus tetraphyllus R. Br. H Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl Gahnia aspera (R. Br.) Spreng. Gahnia mewnocarpa R. Br. H Gahnia microstachya Benth. Gahnia sieberiana Kunth M Gymnoschoenus sphaerocephalus (R. Br.) Hook. f. H lsolepis inundata R. Br.

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey,.Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -48-

Appendix 1. (cont.)

H Lepidosperma filiforme Labill. Lepidosperma laterale R. Br. H Lepidosperma limicola N. A. Wakef. H Lepidosperma lineare R. Br. H Lepidosperma tortuosum F. Muell. H Lepidosperma viscidum R. Br. H Ptilanthelium deustum (R. Br.) Kukenthal H Rhynchospora brownii Roern. and Schult. Schoenus apogon Roern. and Schult. H Schoenus melanostachys R. Br. H Schoenus vaginatus F. Muell. H Scirpus polystaehyus F. Muell. H Scleria mackaviensis Boeck. H Uncinia species B (aff. silvestris) DIOSCOREACEAE Dioscorea transversa R. Br. ERIOCAULACEAE H Eriocaulon scariosum Srn. HAEMODORACEAE Haemodorum planifolium R. Br. IRIDACEAE Ubertia paniculata (R. Br.) Spreng. Patersoniafragilis (LabilI.) Aschers. and Graebner Patersonia glabrata R. Br. H Patersonia sericea R. Br. ex Kervar. sericea JUNCACEAE H funGus continuus L. A. S. Johnson H funGus filicaulis Buchen H funGus homalocaulis F. Muell. ex Benth. H funGus laeviusculus L.A.S. Johnson ssp. laeviusculus H funGus paucijlorus R. Br. funGus prismatocarpus R. Br. H funGus subsecundus N.A. Wakef. H funGus usitatus L. A. S. Johnson Luzula sp. JUNCAGINACEAE M Triglochin procera R. Br. LOMANDRACEAE H Lomandra confertifolia (EM. Bail.) A. Fahn ssp. pallida A. T. Lee H Lomandra elongata (Benth.) Ewart H Lomandrafiliformis (Thunb.) Britten H Lomandra hystrix (R. Br.) L. Fraser and Vick. Lomandra longifolia Labill. H Lomandra multijlora (R. Br.) Britten Lomandra spicata A. T. Lee LUZURIAGACEAE Eustrephus latifolius R. Br. Geitonoplesium cymosum (R. Br.) A. Cunn. ORCmDACEAE Acianthus exsertus R. Br. Bulbophyllum elisae (F. Muell.) Benth. Bulbophyllum exiguum F. Muell. Bulbophyllum shepherdii (F. Muell.) F. Muell. Bulbophyllum schillerianum F. Muell.

Forestry Commission of New South Wales . Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area. -49- Northern Region

Appendix 1. (cont.)

Caladenia carnea R. Br. Caladenia picta (Nicholls) M. Oements and D. Jones M Calanthe triplicata (Willem.) Ames M Calochilus campestris R. Br. H Chiloglotns sphyrnoides D. lODes Corybas aconitiflorus Salisb. Corybas fimbria/us (R. Br.) Reichb. f. Cryptostylis subulata (Labill.) Reichb. M Cymbidium canaliculatum R. Br. Cymbidium suave R. Br. Dendrobium aemulum R. Br. Dendrobium cucumerinum Macleay ex Lindl. Dendrobiumfairjaxii F. Muell. et Fitzg. Dendrobium gracilicaule F. Muell. Dendrobium kingianum Bidw. ex Lindl. Dendrobium linguiforme Sw. Dendrobium mortii F. Muell Dendrobium pugioniforme A. Cunn. Dendrobium schoeninum Lindl. Dendrobium tarberi Clements and Jones M Dipodium punctatum (Smith) R. Br. Diuris abbreviata F. Muell. M Diuris punctata Smith Diuris 'lsulphurea R. Br. Eriochilus cucullatus (i.abill.) Reichb. f. M Genoplesiumfimbriatum (R. Br.) D.Jones and M. Cements Liparis coelogynoides (F. Muell.) Benth. Liparis reflexa (R. Br.) Lindl. Microns sp. Plectorhiza tridentata (Lindl.) Dockr. M Prasophyllum brevilabre (Lindley) J. D. Hook. M Pseudovanillafoliata (F. Muell.) Garay M Pterostylis coccina Fitzg. Pterostylis curta R. Br. Pterostylis decurva R. S. Rogers Pterostylisfischii Nicholls M Pterostylis grandiflora R. Br. Pterostylis longifolia R. Br. Pterostylis nutans R. Br. Pterostylis parviflora R. Br. Pterostylis pedunculata R. Br. Pterostylis reflexa R. Br. Pterostylis revoluta R. Br. Pterostylis russellii Hunt Rhine"hiza divitiflora (F. Muell.) Rupp Sarcochilus australis (Lindley) H. G. Reichb. Sarcochilus ceciliae F. Muell. Sarcochilusfalcatus R. Br. Sarcochilus hillii (F. Muell.) F. Muell. Sarcochilus olivaceus Lindl. M Spiranthes sinensis (pers.) Ames M Thelymitra ixioides Sw.

Forest Resources Series No. 23 ForeslIy Commission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -50-

Appendix 1. (cont.)

PHORMIACEAE H Dianella caerulea Sims H Dianella longifolia R. Br. H Dianella revoluta R. Br. Stypandra glauca R. Br. POACEAE H Agrostis avenacea GmeI. var. avenacea H Aristida calycina R.Br. var. calycina H Aristida jerichoensis (Domin) Henr. var subspinulifera Henr. M Aristida ramosa R. Br. H Aristida vagans Cav. H Arundinella nepalensis Trin H *Axonopus affinis Chase H Capillipedium parviflorum (R. Br.) Stapf Chionochloa pallida (R. Br.) S. Jacobs Cymbopogon refractus (R. Br.) A. Camus Danthonia longifolia R. Br. H Danthonia pilosa R. Br. var. pilosa H Danthonia racemosa R. Br. var. racemosa H Danthonia tenuior (Steud.) Conert. H Deyeuxia gunniana (Nees) Benth. H Deyeuxia parviseta Vickery var. parviseta H Dichelachne micrantha (Cav.) Domin Dichelachne rara (R. Br.) Vickery H *Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) KooI H Digitaria parviflora (R. Br.) Hughes M *Echinochloa crus-galli (1...)Beauv. Echinopogon caespitosus C. E. Hubbard Echinopogon ovatus (Forst. f.) Beauc. H Elymus scaber (R. Br.) A. Love var. scaber H Entolasia marginata (R. Br.) Hughes Entolasia stricta (R. Br.) Hughes H Eragrostis leptostachya STeud H Eragrostis benthamii Mattei Imperata cylindrica Beauv. var. major (Ness) C.E. Hubbard Microlaena stipoides (1..abill.) R. Br. var. stipoides Oplismenus aemulus (R. Br.) Room. and Schult. Oplismenus imbecillus (R. Br.) Room. and Schult H Panicum bisulcatum Thunb. H Panicum effusum R. Br. Panicum simile Domin Pennisetum alopecuroides (1...) Spreng. Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. H Poa queenslandica C. E. Hubbard Poa labillardieri Steud. var.labillardieri Poa sieberiana Spreng. var. sieberiana H Poasp. H *Setaria pumila (poir.) Room. and Schult. Sorghum leiocladum (Hack.) C. E. Hubbard H Sporobolus elongatus R. Br. Stipa ramosissima Trin. H Stipa rudis Spreng. ssp. nervosa (Vickery) Everett and Jacobs Themeda australis (R. Br.) Stapf RESTIONACEAE H Lepyrodia anarthria F. Mue1I. ex Benth.

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Innes Manag~ent Area, -51- Northern Region

Appendix 1. (conl.)

H Lepyrodia leptocaulis L. A. S. Johnson and O. D. Evans H Lepyrodia scariosa R. Br. H Restio/imbriatus L. A. S. Johnson and O. D. Evans RIPOGONACEAE M Ripogonum album R. Br. H Ripogonum brevifolium Conran and Cliff. SMILACACEAE Smilox australis R. Br. Smilox glyciphylla Srn. XANTHORRHOEACEAE H Xanthorrhoea sp XYRIDACEAE H Xyris operculata Labill.

Symbols are: H specimen retained at Forestry Commission New South Wales Herbarium, West Pennant Hills M species recorded in the Management Plan but not from the present survey W additional species recorded from the area by Williams (peTs. comm.) * naturalized taxon ? determination uncertain

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Conunission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -52-

Appendix 2. Occurrence ofvascular plant species by State Forest group. Number ofplots in which each species occurs is shown for each State Forest group and overall. Frequency data are derived from 82 survey plots from the present survey plus eight additional plots in London Bridge State Forest previously surveyed by T. Tweedie. Additional species recorded during the present survey are also listed.

State Forest group Tot. Gm BRO OAK WAR CUR BUT TOR ~, freq. (26) (7) (31) (7) (11) (3) (5)

Abrophyllum ornans 1 1 Acacia betchei 1 1 Acacia binervata 1 1 Acacia buxifolia ssp. pubiflora 2 2 Acacia cheelii 1 1 Acaciafalciformis 16 7 3 3 1 1 Acaciafilicifolia 12 2 3 4 1 2 Acaciafimbriata 2 1 1 Acaciafloribunda 4 + 2 2 Acacia i"orata 19 5 3 10 1 Acacia maidenii 4 1 3 Acacia melanoxylon 10 3 7 Acacia myrtifolia 6 4 1 1 Acacia obtusifolia 6 4 2 Acacia pruinosa 1 1 Acacia stricta + + + Acacia ulicifolia 9 5 1 + 1 2 Acacia venulosa 2 + 2 Acacia viscidula 1 1 Acaena novae-zelandiae 8 2 4 1 1 Acalypha nemorum 1 1 Acianthus exsertus 7 1 1 1 4 Acianthus sp. 8 2 6 Acmena smithii 14 6 + 6 2 Acmena smithii (rheophytic race) + + Acronychia oblongifolia 2 1 + 1 Acronychia pubescens 2 2 Adiantum aethiopicum 8 2 3 3 Adiantumformosum 8 2 2 3 1 Adiantum hispidulum 9 2 6 1 Agrostis avenacea var. avenacea 2 2 Ajuga australis 3 2 1 Alangium villosum ssp. polysomoides 2 1 1 Alchornea ilicifolia 1 1 Alectryon subcinereus 6 1 4 1 Alectryon subdentatus 1 1 Allocasuarina littoralis 29 8 + 10 4 5 2 Allocasuarina rigida ssp. rigida + + + Allocasuarina torulosa 10 3 1 4 2 Alphitonia excelsa 1 1 Altemanthera denticulata 1 1 Alyxia ruscifolia 5 1 3 1 Amperea xiphoclada 9 6 2 1 Amyema congener ssp. congener 1 1

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, -53- Northern Region

Appendix 2. (cont.)

State Forest group Tot. GIB BRO OAK WAR CUR BUT TOR .. freq• (26) (7) (31) (7) (11) (3) (5)

... Amyema miquelii 1 1 Amyema pendulum ssp. pendulum 6 2 1 2 1 Aneilema acuminatum 6 4 1 1 Angophora subvelutina 4 3 1 Aotus subglauca var. subglauca 5 2 1 2 Aphanopetalum resinosum 4 2 + 1 1 Archirhodomyrtus beckleri 1 1 Aristida calycina var. calycina 4 1 3 Aristida vagans 2 2 Aristotelia australasica 5 3 1 1 Arrhenechthites mixta + + Arthropodium millejlorum 9 4 3 1 1 Arthropteris tenella 5 3 + 1 1 Arundinella nepalensis 1 1 Asplenium attenuatum 1 1 Asplenium australasicum 1l 6 + 4 1 Aspleniumjlabellijolium 4 2 1 1 Aspleniumjlaccidum spp.jlaccidum 2 1 1 Astrotricha longifolia 1 1 + Axonopus ajJinis 3 1 1 1 Backhousia myrtifolia 3 1 + 2 Backhousia sciadophora 1 1 Baeckea sp. C (aff. diosmifolia) 6 2 1 1 1 1 + Baeckea virgata 1 1 + Baloghia inophylla 5 + + 3 2 Banksia cunninghamii ssp. A 8 4 2 1 1 Banksia integrifolia 16 5 3 5 2 1 Banksia marginata 1 1 Baumeanuda 2 1 1 Baumea rubiginosa 2 1 1 Berberidopsis beckleri 2 2 Bertya sp. A (aff. opponens) + + Bidens pilosa 1 1 Bidens subalternans 1 1 Billardiera procumbens 3 1 1 1 Billardiera scandens 23 9 8 4 1 1 Blechnum cartilagineum 26 9 3 12 1 1 Blechnum minus 3 1 1 + 1 Blechnum nudum 8 3 2 3 + Blechnum patersonii 3 1 1 1 Boronia algida 2 1 + + 1 Boronia anethifolia 1 1 Boronia bipinnata 1 1 Boronia microphylla 5 2 1 2 Boronia parvijlora 1 1 Boronia polygalifolia 1 1 Bossiaea neo-anglica 10 5 3 1 1 Bossiaea obcordata + +

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales ------

Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -54-

Appendix 2. (cont.)

State Forest group Tot. Gm BRO OAK WAR CUR BUT TOR

freq. (26) (7) (31) (7) (11) (3) (5)

Bossiaea rhombifolia + + Bossiaea scortechinii 9 2 1 4 1 1 ".. Botrychium australe 4 1 2 1 Brachychiton populneus + + Brachycome ?microcarpa 4 2 1 1 Brachycome nova-anglica 6 2 1 2 1 Brachycome scapigera 6 2 1 3 Brachycome smartii 1 1 + + Brachycome ?tenuiscapa 2 2 Brachyloma daphnoides 4 2 2 Bracteantha bracteata 6 1 1 1 2 1 Bracteanthaum viscosa 1 1 Breynia oblongifolia 6 4 1 1 Bulbophyllum elisae 2 + 1 1 Bulbophyllum exiguum 1 1 Bulbophyllum schillerianum 1 1 Bulbophyllum shepherdii 1 1 Bulbostylis barbata 1 1 Bursaria spinosa 7 1 3 1 1 Caladenia carnea 1 1 Caladenia picta 2 2 Caldcluvia paniculosa 16 6 2 8 Callicoma se"atifolia 4 3 + 1 + Callistemon citrinus 3 1 2 + Callistemon flavovirens 1 1 Callistemon pityoides 2 1 1 Callistemon salignus 2 1 1 Callistemon sieberi 3 + 1 2 Callitris endlicheri 1 1 Callitris rhomboidea + + Calochlaena dubia 29 7 3 13 3 1 2 Calotis cuneifolia 1 1 Calotis dentex 3 1 1 1 Calytrix tetragona 1 1 + Capillipedium parviflorum 1 1 Capparis arborea 2 2 Cardamine paucijuga 2 1 1 Carex appressa 7 2 1 2 2 Carex breviculmis 15 4 1 7 3 Carex hattoriana 1 1 Carex inversa 10 4 3 1 1 1 Carex lobolepis 9 2 5 1 1 Carex longebrachiata 3 1 2 Cassine australis 4 4 Cassinia quinquejaria 2 2 Cassytha glabella 2 2 Casuarina cunninghamiana ssp. cunninghamiana 1 + 1 Caustis flexuosa 2 2

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, -55- Northern Region

Appendix 2. (cont.)

State Forest group Tot. GIB BRO OAK WAR CUR BUT TOR freq. (26) (7) (31) (7) (11) (3) (5)

Cayratia clematidea 4 3 1 Celastrus australis 4 2 2 Celastrus subspicatus 5 3 2 Centaurium erythraea 1 1 Centella asiatica 5 4 1 Centipeda minima var. minima 2 2 + Cephalaralia cephalobotrys 17 9 1 6 1 Ceratopetalum apetalum 4 4 Cheilanthes distans 2 2 Cheilanthes sieberi ssp. sieberi 4 3 1 Chiloglottis sphyrnoides 17 5 3 6 2 1 Chionochloa pallida 7 3 1 1 2 Chloanthes parviflora + + + Choretrum candollei 4 2 2 Christella dentata 2 1 1 Chrysocephalum apiculatum 3 2 + 1 Cinnamomum virens 5 5 Cirsium vulgare 11 1 1 5 2 1 Cissus antarctica 18 7 2 8 1 Cissus hypoglauca 23 9 3 9 2 Citriobatus pauciflorus 10 6 2 2 Citronella moorei 8 4 3 1 Claoxylon australe 9 4 1 3 1 Cleistanthus cunninghamii 1 1 Clematis aristata 20 3 4 8 1 2 2 Clematis glycinoides 2 1 1 Clerodendrum tomentosum 4 4 Comesperma ericinum 2 1 1 Commelina cyanea 2 1 1 Commersonia fraseri 1 1 Conyza albida 26 4 2 13 3 2 1 1 Coprosma quadrijida 7 1 2 1 2 1 Cordyline petiolaris 1 1 Correa reflexa var. reflexa 6 2 1 2 1 Corybas aconitiflorus 1 1 Corybas fimbriatus 12 3 2 5 2 Craspedia variabilis 1 1 Crotalaria montana 1 1 Croton insularis 1 1 Cryptandra amara var. longiflora 2 1 1 Cryptandra lanosiflora 2 1 1 Cryptocarya/oveolata 4 3 1 Cryptocarya microneura. 6 4 2 .. Cryptocarya obovata 2 1 1 Cryptocarya rigida 20 9 3 8 Cryptostylis subulata 1 1 Cyathea australis 29 9 2 16 1 1 Cymbidium suave 1 1

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -56-

Appendix 2. (cont.)

State Forest group Tot. Gm BRO OAK WAR CUR BUT TOR freq. (26) (7) (31) (7) (11) (3) (5)

Cymbonotus sp. 1 1 Cymbopogon refractus 16 4 1 7 3 1 .. Cynoglosswn latifoliwn 7 3 1 3 Cyperus enervis 1 1 Cyperusflaccidus 2 1 1 Cyperusflavescens 1 1 Cyperus gracilis 1 1 Cyperus imbecillis 2 1 1 Cyperus lucidus 3 2 1 Cyperus sanguinolentus 3 1 2 Cyperus sphaeroideus 4 2 2 Cyperus tetraphyllus 7 3 3 1 Dampiera purpurea 1 1 + Dampiera stricta 6 4 1 1 Danthonia longifolia 3 1 2 + Danthonia pilosa var. pilosa 10 3 1 3 1 2 Danthonia racemosa var. racemosa 4 4 Danthonia tenuior 1 1 Daphnandra sp. A 13 5 + 7 1 Daucus glochidiatus 1 1 Davallia pyxidata 1 1 + Daviesia latifolia 6 1 3 2 Daviesia mimosoides 1 1 Daviesia wyattiana + + Decaspermum humile 1 1 Deeringia amaranthoides 1 1 Dendrobiwn aemulwn 2 1 1 Dendrobium cucumerinum 1 + 1 Dendrobiwnfairfaxii 6 2 3 1 Dendrobiwn gracilicaule 2 1 1 Dendrobiwn kingianum 2 1 + 1 Dendrobium linguiforme + + Dendrobium mortii 2 2 Dendrobium pugioniforme 11 4 + 6 1 Dendrobium schoeninwn 3 1 2 Dendrobium tarberi 4 2 2 Dendrocnide excelsa 4 2 + 1 1 Denhamia celastroides 13 6 1 5 1 Dennstaedtia davallioides 4 2 1 1 Derwentia 'arcuata' ms + + Desmodium brachypodum 4 1 2 1 Desmodium rhytidophyllum 5 3 2 Desmodium varians 36 9 4 15 2 3 2 1 Deyeuxia gunniana 5 1 2 1 1 Deyeuxia parviseta 20 4 9 3 2 2 Dianella caerulea 54 15 5 21 6 4 1 2 Dianella longifolia 6 2 3 1 Dianella revoluta 8 3 5

Forestry Commission of New South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, -57- Northern Region

Appendix 2. (cont.)

State Forest group Tot. Gm BRO OAK WAR CUR BUT TOR freq. (26) (7) (31) (7) (11) (3) (5)

Dichelachne micrantha 21 4 1 7 4 3 2 .. Dichelachne rara 7 5 2 Dichondra repens 27 7 1 11 2 2 2 2 Dicksonia antarctica 4 2 1 1 + Dictymia brownii 16 7 7 2 Digitaria ciliaris 1 1 Digitaria parviflora 2 1 1 Dillwynia phylicoides 6 1 2 1 2 Dillwynia sericea 1 1 Dioscorea transversa 10 4 6 Diospyros australis 16 6 1 8 1 Diospyros pentamera 4 2 2 Diplazium australe 3 1 1 1 Diploglottis australis 2 2 Diuris abbreviata + + Diurissp. 1 1 Dodonaea megazyga + + Dodonaea rhombi/olia + + + Dodonaea serrati/olia + + Dodonaea triquetra + + ,.. Dodonaea viscosa 3 1 1 1 Doodia aspera 25 5 2 15 2 1 Doodia caudata var. caudata 4 2 2 Doodia media ssp. media 1 1 Doryphora sassafras 7 3 3 1 Drosera binata 1 1 Drosera pygmaea + + Drosera spatulata 2 1 1 Drypetes australasica 1 + 1 Dysoxylum fraserianum 7 5 + 1 1 Echinopogon caespitosus 17 5 2 5 2 2 1 Echinopogon ovatus 8 1 6 1 Ehretia acuminata var. acuminata 2 1 1 Elaeocarpus obovatus 1 1 Elaeocarpus reticulatus 16 6 3 7 Elatostemma reticulatum var. reticulatum 1 1 Elatostemma stipitatum 2 1 1 Elymus scaber var. scaber 2 1 1 Endiandra muelleri 1 1 Endiandra sieberi 12 5 7 Entolasia marginata 4 1 3 Entolasia sp. 2 2 Entolasia stricta 35 11 5 5 4 4 3 3 Epacris microphylla var. microphylla 5 1 1 1 1 1 Epilobium billardierianum ssp. cinereum 2 1 1 Eragrostis leptostachya 6 3 1 2 Eragrostis benthamii 2 1 1 Eremophila debilis 1 1

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -58-

Appendix 2. (cont.)

State Forest group TOl. Gm BRO OAK WAR CUR BUT TOR freq. (26) (7) (31) (7) (11) (3) (5)

Eriocaulon scariosum 1 1 Eriochilus cucullatus 2 2 + Eriostemon difformis ssp. smithianus 1 1 Eriostemon myoporoides ssp. epilosus + + Eucalyptus acaciiformis 4 2 1 1 Eucalyptus amplifolia ssp. sessilijlora 2 2 Eucalyptus andrewsii 2 2 Eucalyptus biturbinata 9 2 1 2 4 Eucalyptus blakelyi 2 2 Eucalyptus bridgesiana 1 1 Eucalyptus brunnea 29 3 2 17 4 3 Eucalyptus caleyi + + Eucalyptus caliginosa 14 2 1 2 4 4 1 Eucalyptus caliginosa xmcldeana 1 1 Eucalyptus cameronii 23 6 2 14 1 Eucalyptus campanulata 44 13 3 19 2 5 2 Eucalyptus camphora ssp. relicta + + Eucalyptus carnea 1 1 + Eucalyptus codonocarpa + + + Eucalyptus codonocarpa x campanulata + + ,.ok Eucalyptus crebra 1 1 Eucalyptus dalrympleana ssp. heptantha 11 1 4 3 1 2 Eucalyptus dalrympleana 'swamp form' 1 1 Eucalyptus dorrigoensis 8 1 5 2 Eucalyptus eugenioides 2 2 Eucalyptus intermedia 3 2 1 Eucalyptus laevopinea 17 4 2 8 1 1 1 Eucalyptus ligustrina 1 1 Eucalyptus melliodora 4 2 1 1 Eucalyptus microcorys 22 4 1 14 3 Eucalyptus moluccana + + Eucalyptus nobilis 2 + 1 1 Eucalyptus notabilis 1 1 Eucalyptus nova-anglica 2 2 Eucalyptus obliqua 25 4 3 8 3 4 3 Eucalyptus olida 1 1 Eucalyptus paucijlora 1 1 Eucalyptus prava 2 2 Eucalyptus radiata ssp. sejuncta 9 1 1 3 3 1 Eucalyptus rubida 1 1 Eucalyptus saligna 21 4 2 14 1 Eucalyptus stannicola 3 3 Eucalyptus tereticornis 1 1 Eucalyptus viminalis 3 3 Eucalyptus williamsiana + + Eupomatia laurina 13 6 + 6 1 Euroschinusfalcata var.falcata 4 2 1 1

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area. -59- Northern Region

Appendix 2. (cont.)

State Forest group Tot. GIB BRa OAK WAR CUR BUT TOR freq. (26) (7) (31) (7) (11) (3) (5)

Eustrephus latifolius 20 5 2 6 3 3 1 .. Exocarpos cupressifonnis + + Exocarpos strictus 4 3 1 Ficus coronata 7 4 + 1 2 Ficus rubiginosa 2 1 1 Ficus superba var. henneana 1 1 Fieldia australis 1 1 Fimbristylis dichotoma 5 1 2 2 Gahnia aspera 2 + 1 1 + Gahnia melanocarpa 14 2 3 8 1 + Gahnia microstachya + + + Gahnia sieberiana 6 2 1 1 1 1 Galium binifolium 8 1 2 4 1 Galiumspp. 23 7 2 8 3 1 1 1 Geitonoplesium cymosum 23 10 3 9 1 Geranium homeanum 1 1 Geranium neglectum 2 + 1 1 + Geranium potentilloides 23 5 5 5 3 2 2 1 Geranium solanderi 1 1 Geranium sp. 7 1 6

~ Gleichenia dicarpa 2 1 + 1 Glossostigma diandrum + + Glycine clandestina 45 9 3 20 4 6 2 1 Glycine sp. 3 2 1 Gnaphalium gymnocephalum 24 3 9 4 4 2 2 Gnaphalium sp. 5 1 4 Gnaphalium sphaericum 1 1 Gomphocarpus sp. 1 1 Gompholobium huegelii 1 1 Gompholobium latifolium 1 1 Gonocarpus? humilis 9 3 1 4 1 Gonocarpus micranthus ssp. micranthus 7 1 2 1 1 2 Gonocarpus oreophilus 1 1 Gonocarpus tetragynus 26 6 1 6 6 3 2 2 Gonocarpus teucrioides 14 6 3 1 2 1 1 Goodenia bellidifolia 19 4 2 8 1 1 1 2 Goodenia hederacea 13 3 1 4 1 2 2 Goodenia heterophylla 1 1 + Goodia lotifolia 4 2 1 1 Gratiola peruviana 6 4 1 1 + Gratiola pedunculata 1 1 Grevillea arenaria + + Grevillea juniperina + + Grevillea linearifolia 1 1 .. Grevillea scortechinii ssp. sarmentosa 1 1 Guioa semiglauca 2 1 1 Gymnostachys anceps 15 4 2 8 1 Haemodorum planifolium 1 1

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -60-

Appendix 2. (cont.)

State Forest group Tot. Gm BRO OAK WAR CUR BUT TOR freq. (26) (7) (31) (7) (11) (3) (5) '"

Hakea dactyloides 1 + + 1 Hakea eriantha 10 3 2 3 2 >, Hakea microcarpa 4 1 1 1 1 Hakea salicijolia 1 1 Haloragis heterophylla 13 2 8 1 1 1 Hardenbergia violacea 27 6 1 8 3 5 1 3 Hedycarya angustifolia 4 2 2 Helichrysum elatum + + Helichrysum rutidolepis 8 3 2 2 1 Helichrysum scorpioides 19 2 1 8 4 2 1 1 Hibbertia acicularis 1 + + 1 Hibbertia aspera 13 4 2 3 4 Hibbertia dentata 12 3 7 1 1 Hibbertia empetrifolia 2 2 Hibbertia hermanniijolia 1 1 Hibbertia linearis 1 1 Hibbertia obtusijolia 11 4 2 1 2 2 Hibbertia riparia 6 1 1 + 1 3 Hibbertia scandens 31 9 5 15 1 1 Hibbertia serpyllijolia 3 1 1 1 Hibbertia ?vestita 2 1 1 Hibbertia sp. B (aff. obtusijolia) + + Hibiscus splendens + + Histiopteris incisa + + Hodgkinsonia ovatiflora 1 1 Hovea linearis 10 1 1 4 1 1 2 Hovea longijolia + + Hovea purpurea 1 + 1 Hovea species A 4 2 1 1 + Hybanthus enneaspermus ssp. stellarioides 2 1 1 Hybanthus monopetalus 1 1 Hydrocotyle geraniijolia 12 1 1 5 3 2 Hydrocotyle laxiflora 10 1 + 2 1 4 1 Hydrocotyle pedicellosa 2 2 Hydrocotyle peduncularis 14 3 8 1 1 1 Hydrocotyle tripartita 1 1 Hymenanthera dentata 1 1 Hymenosporumflavum 8 3 1 4 Hypericum gramineum 13 3 1 4 1 1 1 2 Hypericum japonicum 18 5 1 7 1 2 1 1 Hypochoeris radicata 38 4 2 18 4 5 2 3 Hypolepis glandulijera 6 2 1 2 1 Hypolepis muelleri + + Imperata cylindrica var. major 45 9 4 21 4 5 1 1 Indigofera australis 4 1 2 1 Isolepis inundata 2 2 Isotoma axillaris + + lacksonia scoparia 2 1 1

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey. Glen Innes Management Area, -61- Northern Region

Appendix 2. (cont.)

State Forest group Tot. GIB BRO OAK WAR CUR BUT TOR freq. (26) (7) (31) (7) (11) (3) (5)

Jasminum volubile 2 2 Juncus continuus 3 1 1 1 Juncus subsecundus 12 9 2 1 Juncusftlicaulis 4 4 Juncus homalocaulis 5 5 Juncus paucijlorus 4 1 1 1 1 Juncus prismatocarpus 2 1 1 Juncus usitatus 1 1 Kennedia rubicunda 6 1 4 1 Keraudrenia hillii . + + Kunzea ericoides + + Kunzea oliovata + + + Lagenifera ?gracilis 6 3 2 1 Lagenifera stipitata 29 7 3 11 2 1 2 3 Lasiopetalumferrugineum var. cordatum + + Lastreopsis acuminata 1 1 Lastreopsis decomposita 6 1 2 2 1 Lastreopsis microsora 7 5 2 Lastreopsis munita 4 2 2 Lastreopsis smithiana 1 1 Laxmannia gracilis 4 1 1 2 Legnephora moorei 1 + 1 Lepidospermaftliforme 2 2 Lepidosperma laterale 25 9 1 7 5 1 1 1 Lepidosperma limicola 1 1 + Lepidosperma lineare 5 4 1 Lepidosperma tortuosum 2 1. 1 Lepidosperma viscidum + + Leptospermum arachnoides 3 1 1 1 Leptospermum brevipes + + Leptospermum gregarium 5 1 1 1 1 1 Leptospermum microcarpum 2 2 Leptospermum minutifolium + + Leptospermum novae-angliae 1 + 1 Leptospermum petersonii 2 2 Leptospermum polygalifolium 10 1 6 1 2 Leptospermum polygalifolium ssp. montanum 3 1 1 1 Leptospermum trinervium 2 1 1 Lepyrodia anarthria 1 + 1 Lepyrodia leptocaulis 2 2 Lepyrodia scariosa 1 1 Leucopogon bijlorus 2 1 1 Leucopogon 'cicatricatus' ms + + .. Leucopogon lanceolatus var. lanceolatus 47 12 3 19 6 5 2 Leucopogon melaleucoides 3 3 Leucopogon microphyllus var. microphyllus 5 2 + 1 2 Leucopogon neo-anglicus 1 1 + + Libertia paniculata 2 2

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -62-

Appendix 2. (cont.)

state Forest group Tot. Gm BRO OAK WAR CUR BUT TOR freq. (26) (7) (31) (7) (11) (3) (5)

Lindsaea linearis 9 3 2 1 1 2 Lindsaea microphylla 1 1 Liparis coelogynoides 1 1 Liparis reflexa 1 1 + + Litsea reticulata 4 4 + Lobelia gracilis 1 1 Lobelia trigonocaulis 2 2 Lomandra confertifolia ssp. pallida 2 1 1 Lomandra elongata 1 1 + Lomandra filiformis 30 6 3 10 4 3 2 2 Lomandra hystrix 4 1 2 1 Lomandra longifolia 53 12 5 17 7 7 1 4 Lomandra multiflora 9 4 5 Lomandra spicata 20 7 12 1 + Lomatia silaifolia 31 7 3 9 6 2 2 2 Lophostemon confertus 10 4 1 4 1 Luzula sp. 5 2 2 1 Lythrwn salicaria + + Maclura cochinchinensis 3 + 1 2 Marsdenia flavescens 3 1 1 1 Marsdenia rostrata 11 4 2 5 Marsdenia suberosa 2 2 Maytenus bilocularis 5 2 1 2 Maytenus silvestris 3 1 2 Melichr~ procwnbens 7 3 + 1 3 Melichrus urceolatus 4 1 2 1 Melicope hayesii 1 1 Melicope micrococca 2 1 1 Mentha diemenica 6 2 3 1 Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides 55 12 6 17 7 6 3 4 Microsorum diversifolium + + Microsorum scandens 11 5 5 1 Microtis sp. 1 1 Mirbelia confertiflora + + + Monotoca scoparia 16 4 1 5 2 + 4 Morinda acutifolia 1 1 Morinda jasminoides 16 10 1 4 1 Muehlenbeckia sp. aff. rhyticarya ('costata' fiS) + + Muellerina eucalyptoides 1 1 Neolitsea australiensis 5 2 1 1 1 Neolitsea dealbata 5 3 1 1 Notelaea linearis 1 1 Notelaea longifolia 13 3 3 2 2 2 1 Notelaea microcarpa var. microcarpa 1 + 1 Notelaea venosa 12 4 8 Olea paniculata 2 1 1 Olearia cydoniifolia + + + +

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey. Glen Innes Management Area, -63- Northern Region

Appendix 2. (cont.)

State Forest group Tot. GIB BRO OAK WAR CUR BUT TOR freq. (26) (7) (31) (7) (11) (3) (5)

Olearia elliptica + + Olearia microphylla 1 1 Olearia oppositifolia 2 + 1 1 Olearia ramulosa 1 1 Opercularia aspera 7 2 1 1 1 2 Opercularia hispida 25 8 1 7 4 2 3 Oplismenus aemulus 4 1 2 1 Oplismenus imbecillus 18 5 4 6 3 Oreomyrrhis eriopoda 1 1 Orites excelsa 7 4 2 1 Oxalissp. 9 2 5 1 1 Oxylobium ?ellipticum + + Oxylobium ilicifolium 3 2 + 1 + Ozothamaus bidwillii 1 1 Ozothamnus diosmifolius 2 1 1 Ozothamnus obovatus + + Ozothamnus rufescens 3 3 + Palmeria scandens 10 5 5 Pandorea pandorana 12 4 1 4 3 Panicum bisulcatum 1 1 Panicum effusum 4 2 1 1 Panicum simile 1 1 Paronychia brasiliana 1 1 Parsonsia ?induplicata 1 1 Parsonsia straminea 10 3 1 5 1 Parsonsia velutina 2 1 1 Parsonsia species A 2 1 1 Parsonsia species C 1 1 Patersonia jragilis 1 1 Patersonia glabrata 11 6 + 2 1 1 1 Patersonia sericea var. sericea 7 2 2 1 2 Pelargonium australe 1 1 Pellaea falcata var. falcata 5 2 + 2 1 Pellaea falcata var. naoo 8 5 1 2 Pellaea paradoxa 1 1 Pennantia cunninghamii 15 7 7 1 Pennisetum alopecuroides + + Peperomia leptostachya 2 1 1 Peperomia tetraphylla 4 2 + 2 Persicaria decipiens 2 1 1 Persicaria hydropiper 1 1 Persicaria praetermissa 1 1 Persoonia cornifolia 7 3 1 3 Persoonia oleoides 16 7 2 4 2 1 Persoonia oleoides -cornifolia intergrade 1 1 Persoonia procumbens + + Persoonia sericea 3 + + 3 Persoonia sericea x tenuifolia + +

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Irmes Management Area, Northern Region -64-

Appendix 2. (cont.)

State Forest group Tot. Gm BRO OAK WAR. CUR BUT TOR freq. (26) (7) (31) (7) (11) (3) (5) '"

Persoonia tenuifolia 2 2 Persoonia terminalis ssp. terminalis + + Petrophile canescens 6 1 1 1 1 2 Petrophile pulchella 1 1 Phebalium ambiens + + Phragmites australis + + Phyllanthus gasstroemii 1 1 Phyllanthus hirtellus 1 1 Phyllanthus similis 3 2 1 Phyllanthus virgatus 1 1 Phyllota phylicoides 1 1 Picris hieracioides 6 4 2 Pimelea linifolia ssp. linifolia 4 2 1 1 Piper novae-hollandiae + + Piptocalyx moorei 6 4 + 2 Pittosporum revolutum 11 6 1 4 Pittosporum undulatum 13 5 7 1 Plantago debilis 12 3 1 5 2 1 Platycerium bifurcatum 6 5 1 Platycerium superbum 2 1 1 Platysace ericoides 11 2 1 3 1 1 3 ,.... Platysace lanceolata 1 1 Plectorhiza tridentata 5 2 1 2 Plectranthus graveolens 3 1 1 1 Plectranthus parviflorus 13 5 1 4 3 Plectranthus suaveolens 1 1 Poa labillardieri vat. labillardieri 14 3 8 2 1 Poa queenslandica 1 1 Poa sieberiana vat. sieberiana 48 10 4 19 6 8 1 Poasp. 3 3 Podolepis neglecta 2 1 + 1 Pollia crispata + + Polyphlebium venosum 1 1 Polygala japonica 8 2 1 3 1 1 Polyosma cunninghamii 6 5 1 Polyscias elegans 2 1 1 Polyscias sambucifolia 21 10 1 6 4 Polystichum ?fallax 1 1 Pomaderris andromedifolia 1 + 1 + Pomade"is betulina + + Pomaderris intermedia 1 1 Pomaderris lanigera 2 1 + 1 Pomax umbellata 8 5 1 2 Poranthera ericifoiia + + Poranthera microphylla 18 2 1 8 4 1 2 Pratia pedunculata 1 1 Pratia purpurascens 38 7 4 18 1 6 2

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, -65- Northern Region

Appendix 2. (cont.)

State Forest group Tot. GIB BRO OAK WAR CUR BUT TOR freq. (26) (7) (31) (7) (11) (3) (5)

Prostanthera incisa 1 1 + Prostanthera nivea var. induta 1 1 Prunella vulgaris 1 1 Pseuderanthemum variabile 4 2 2 Psychotria loniceroides 11 7· 4 Pteridium esculentum 52 11 5 20 6 6 2 2 Ptens tremula 6 2 1 2 1 Ptens umbrosa 8 3 + 3 2 Pterostylis curta 1 1 Pterostylis decurva 5 1 2 1 1 Pterostylisfischii 2 2 Pterostylis longijolia 9 3 1 5 Pterostylis nutans 8 3 1 4 Pterostylis parviflora 1 1 Pterostylis pedunculata 6 2 2 1 1 Pterostylis reflexa 1 1 Pterostylis revoluta 1 1 Pterostylis ?rufa + + Pterostylis russellii + + Ptilanthelium deustum 5 + 2 1 2 "\ Pultenaea altissima 1 1 Pultenaea daphnoides + + + Pultenaea foliolosa 1 1 Pultenaea juniperina var. mucronata 4 3 1 + Pultenaea linophylla 2 1 1 Pultenaea polijolia 1 1 Pultenaea pycnocephala 1 1 Pultenaea retusa 3 2 1 Pultenaea sp. 1 1 Pultenaea stuartiana 1 1 Pultenaea villosa 1 1 Pyrrosia confluens 9 1 6 2 Pyrrosia rupestris 12 4 6 1 1 Quintinia sieberi 1 + 1 + Ranunculus lappaceus 5 1 1 2 1 Ranunculus plebeius 1 1 Ranunculus sp. 4 1 1 1 1 Rapanea howittiana 14 4 1 8 1 Rapanea variabilis 13 8 2 2 1 Restio fimbriatus 2 1 1 Rhinerrhiza divitiflora + + Rhodamnia rubescens 7 2 1 4 Rhynchospora brownii 3 1 1 1 Rhodanthe anthemoides 2 1 1 Ripogonum brevijolium 4 1 1 1 1 Rostellularia adscendens 1 1 Rubus hillii 5 2 1 1 1

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -66-

Appendix 2. (cont.)

State Forest group Tot. Gm BRO OAK. WAR CUR BUT TOR freq. (26) (7) (31) (7) (11) (3) (5)

Rubus parvifolius 31 7 2 13 3 4 2 Rubus rosifolius 4 3 1 Rubus sp. A.(aff. moorei) 6 5 1 Rumex brownii 5 1 2 2 Sambucus australasica 1 1 Santalum obtusifolium 1 1 Sarcochilus australis 1 1 Sarcochilus ceciliae 1 1 Sarcochilusfa/catus 7 2 + 5 Sarcochilus hillii 2 1 + 1 Sarcochilus olivaceus 1 1 Sarcopetalum harveyanum 7 3 1 2 1 Sarcopteryx stipitata 3 2 1 Schizomeria ovata 18 7 1 9 1 Schoenus apogon 8 1 4 2 1 Schoenus melanostachys 3 1 1 1 + Schoenus vaginatus 2 2 Scirpus polystachyus + + + Scleranthus biflorus 2 1 1 Scleria mackaviensis 2 1 1 +

Senecio amygdalifolius 5 2 3 ,t- Senecio biserratus + + Senecio hispidulus var. hispidulus 1 1 Senecio linearifolius 1 1 Senecio minimus 1 1 Senecio sp. E(aff.apargiaejolius) 29 6 2 12 4 2 1 2 Senecio vagus ssp. vagus 1 + 1 + Setaria pumila 2 1 1 Sida rhombifolia 1 1 Sigesbeckia orientalis 11 4 3 2 1 1 Sloanea woollsii 11 6 4 1 Smilax australis 28 9 3 12 2 2 Smilax glycophylla 3 3 Solanum aviculare 1 1 Solanum brownii 1 1 Solanum densevestitum 9 4 5 Solanum elegans 1 1 Solanum opacum 1 1 Solanum prinophyllum 4 1 2 1 Solanum pseudocapsicum 2 2 Solanum pungetium 1 1 Solanumsp. 2 1 1 Solanum stelligerum 1 1 Sonchus oleraceus 1 1 Sorghum leiocladum 3 1 1 1 Sporobolus elongatus 3 1 1 1 Stackhousia monogyna 2 1 1 Stackhousia viminea 5 1 1 2 1

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area., -67- Northern Region

Appendix 2. (cont.)

State Forest group Tot. Gm BRO OAK WAR CUR BUT TOR freq. (26) (7) (31) (7) (11) (3) (5)

Stellaria jlaccida 1 1 Stephaniajaponica var. discolor 1 1 Sticherus flabellatus + + + Sticherus lobatus 1 + 1 + Stipa ramosissima 1 1 Stipa rudis ssp. nervosa 5 1 1 2 1 Streblus brunonianus 7 2 + 3 2 Stylidium graminifolium 10 4 4 1 1 Stypandra glauca 2 1 1 Styphelia viridis 2 2 Swainsonia sp. 1 1 Synoum glandulosum 23 6 3 14 Syzygium australe 4 3 1 Taraxacum officinale 3 1 2 Tasmannia insipida 12 7 4 1 Tasmannia stipitata 4 4 + Tetrastigma nitens 7 3 1 3 Teucrium sp. + + Themeda australis 25 7 7 4 4 1 2 Todea barbara 1 1 + "'" Toona ciliata 2 2 Trachymene incisa ssp. incisa 7 2 1 1 + 3 Trachymene anisocarpa 1 1 Trema aspera 2 2 Tricoryne elatior 1 1 Trifolium repens 1 1 Trochocarpa laurina 21 6 14 1 Tylophora paniculata 6 3 1 1 1 Typhonium brownii 1 1 Uncinia species B (aff. silvestris) 1 1 Urtica incisa 2 1 1 Utricularia dichotoma 1 1 Verbena bonariensis 1 1 Vernonia cinerea var. cinerea 8 2 5 1 Veronica calycina 7 3 1 1 1 1 Veronica notabilis 2 1 1 Veronica plebeia 15 3 9 2 1 Villarsia reniformis 2 1 1 Viola betonicifolia 38 7 3 17 4 3 2 2 Viola caleyana 1 1 Viola hederacea 26 6 4 10 3 1 1 1 Vittadenia tenuissima + + Wahlenbergia graniticola + + Wahlenbergia spp. 16 2 2 6 1 2 1 2 ~ Wahlenbergia stricta 4 1 1 2 Westringia sericea + + + Xanthorrhoea sp. 6 1 1 2 2 Xyrissp. 2 1 1

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey, GlenInnes Management Area. Northern Region -68-

Appendix 2. (cont.)

State Forest group Tot. Gm BRO OAK WAR CUR BUT TOR freq. (26) (7) (31) (7) (11) (3) (5)

¥oungia japonica 5 1 3 1 Zehneria cunninghamii 2 + 1 Zieria cytisoides + + Zieria fraseri ssp. B 1 1 + Zieria smithii 5 4 1 Zieria ?species K 2 2 +

. species not recorded in that group + species recorded from a group during the survey. butnot at any plot in that group

Groups: GIB=Gibraltar Range, Moogem, Glen Elgin BRO=Brother OAK=Oakwood, London Bridge, Glen Nevis WAR=Warra CUR=Curramore BUT=Butterleaf TOR=Torrington Nwnber ofplots in each State Forest group is shown in parentheses.

•

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, -69- Northern Region

Appendix 3. Occurrence ofvascular plant species by broad vegetation type and logging category. Frequency ofoccurrence is shown for each species, as a proportion ofthe total number ofplots in each category (shown in brackets below the heading). There is an overall total of90 plots. Broad vegetation types are derived from overstorey/floristic group combinations as indicated below.

Broad vegetation type Logging category Tot. SHR EDF TGF TIlF EMF TMFWSRF DRF SW UL1 UL2 L1 1.2 frcq. (3) (4) (45) (9) (6) m (9) (3) (4) (39) (37) (6) (8)

Abroplayllllm OT1fQ1V 1 0.17 0.03 AcGCia betcMi 1 0.11 0.03 ACGCia biMrwzta 1 0.14 0.03 AcGCia bwdfolia 2 0.22 0.03 0.03 ACGCia cMeUi 1 0.33 0.03 ACGCiafalcifomU8 15 0.20 0.67 0.10 0.16 0.33 0.38 AcGCiajilicifolia 12 0.27 0.10 0.19 0.13 AcGCiajimbriata 2 0.33 0.02 0.05 ACGCia floribwtda 4 0.09 0.08 0.03 AcGCia irrorata 19 0.22 0.50 0.71 0.11 0.15 0.19 0.33 0.50 AcGCia maUU,," 4 0.25 0.04 0.14 0.03 0.08 ACGCia 1Mla1wxyloll 10 0.02 0.33 0.57 0.22 0.33 0.13 0.08 0.25 ACGCia myrtifolia 6 0.04 0.33 0.25 0.05 0.05 0.33 AcGCia obtusifolia 6 0.02 0.44 0.25 0.05 0.05 0.33 ACGCia pTUi1to8a 1 0.33 0.03 ACGCia ulicifolia 9 0.04 0.67 0.25 0.08 0.08 0.33 0.13 AcGCia lIellM10sa 2 0.33 0.11 0.05 AcGCia lIiscidula 1 0.33 0.03 Acaella lIOlIae-u1aNlUul 8 0.18 0.05 0.14 0.13 Acalypha M/fIbrum 1 0.33 0.03 AcimItItus nsertus 7 0.25 o.m 0.22 0.14 0.10 0.05 0.17 AcimItItus !p. 8 0.25 0.16 0.03 0.14 0.17 0.13 Ac1M1Ia smithii 14 0.02 0.50 0.14 0.89 0.33 0.23 0.05 0.38 Acronyc1lia oblo1l8ifolia 2 0.14 0.11 0.05 Acronyc1lia pubuce1U 2 0.22 0.03 0.13 Adi_aethiopicum 8 o.m 0.17 0.22 0.67 0.21 Adi_fo17lfOSum 8 0.50 0.29 0.33 0.13 0.05 0.17 Adi_lrispidulum 9 0.02 0.33 0.43 0.11 0.67 0.18 0.05 Agrostis avellaCea 2 0.04 0.03 0.03 Ajuga australis 3 o.m 0.03 0.03 0.13 Ala1l8ium lIillosum asp. polysomoidu 2 0.22 0.05 Alclromea ilicifolia 1 0.33 0.03 Alectryoll subciMreus 6 0.14 0.22 1.00 0.15 Alectryoll subde1lJatus 1 0.33 0.03 Allocasuarina littoralis 29 0.67 0.51 0.22 0.50 0.21 0.54 0.13 Allocasuarina torulosa 10 1.00 0.09 0.17 0.14 0.15 0.11 Alphitolda ucelsa 1 0.17 0.13 Alte17Ul1lt1tera delllicuJata 1 0.02 0.03 Alyxia ruscifolia 5 0.17 0.22 0.67 0.10 0.03 Amperea xiplroclada 9 0.04 0.67 0.25 0.08 0.08 0.33 0.13 Amyema cOllgeMr asp. C01l8eMr 1 0.33 0.03 'i§ Amyema miqueUi 1 0.33 0.03 Amyema pelldulum B!p. pendulum 6 0.13 0.08 0.03 0.17 0.13 A1Ieilema acumillatum 6 0.02 0.17 0.22 0.67 0.13 0.13 AItgoplrora sublleluti1la 4 0.50 0.04 0.08 0.03 Aotus subglouca liar. subglouca 5 0.04 0.33 0.08 0.05 ApIuutopetalllm res;lfOsum 4 0.17 0.22 0.33 0.08 0.13 Arcltirlrodomyrrus beckleri 1 0.17 0.13

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -70-

Appendix 3. (cont.)

Broad vegetation type Logging category Tot. SHR EDF TGF THF EMF TMFWSRF DRF SW ULl UL2 L1 L2 fieq. (3) (4) (45) (9) (6) m (9) (3) (4) (39) (37) (6) (8)

Aristida calycilta vaT. calycilta 4 0.67 0.22 0.08 0.03 Aristida vagQ1lS 2 0.33 0.25 0.05 Ari.rtotelia australasica 5 0.17 0.14 0.33 0.05 0.17 0.25 Artltropodium millej10rum 9 0.50 0.13 0.33 0.08 0.11 0.25 Artltropteris reM/la 5 0.56 0.10 0.13 AnuldiMlla Mpalmsis 1 0.33 0.03 Asplellium attellUatlur& 1 0.33 0.03 Asplellium australasicum 11 0.50 0.14 0.56 0.67 0.18 0.05 0.25 Asplelliumflabellifolium 4 0.04 0.11 0.33 0.10 Asplelliumflaccidum 2 0.22 0.05 Astrotricha longifolia 1 0.33 0.03 AxoIlbPUS affi1lis 3 0.33 0.05 0.06 0.03 Backlwusia myrtifolia 3 1.00 0.08 Backlwusia sciadoplwra 1 0.33 0.03 Baeckea sp. C 6 0.04 1.00 0.10 0.05 Baeckea virgata 1 0.33 0.03 BaloglUa lucida 5 0.17 0.33 0.33 0.10 0.03 BtlIIksia clUfllbtghamii Mp. A 8 0.67 0.50 0.13 0.05 0.13 BtlIIksia ilttegrifolia 16 0.33 0.25 0.10 o:n 0.25 BtlIIksia lffIUgillata 1 0.25 0.03 Baumea1luda 2 0.50 0.05 Baumea rubigiltosa 2 0.02 0.25 0.03 0.03

Berberidopsis heckleri 2 0.14 0.11 0.03 0.13 l'- BWflSpilosa 1 0.02 0.03 BitkflS SNbalteT1llJllS 1 0.02 0.03 Billardiera procumbeflS 3 0.33 0.05 0.03 Billardiera scaNletlS 23 0.25 0.36 0.56 0.14 0.10 0.32 0.50 0.50 Blec1ulum CartilagiMum 26 0.20 0.67 1.00 0.67 0.26 0.22 0.50 0.63 Blec1ulum IfIi1IUS 3 0.33 0.02 0.25 0.08 Blec1ulum IIUdum 8 0.11 0.43 0.05 0.08 0.17 0.25 Blec1ulum patersOIlU 3 0.33 0.08 Borollia algida 2 0.22 0.05 Borollia aMtJlifolia 1 0.33 0.03 Borollia bipiMata 1 0.11 0.03 Borollia micropltylla 5 0.44 0.25 0.08 0.03 0.17 Borollia parviflora 1 0.02 0.03 Borollia polygalifolia 1 0.25 0.03 Bossiaea MO-oAglica 10 0.11 0.56 0.03 0.19 0.17 0.13 Bossiaea scomchbtii 9 0.09 0.56 0.10 0.11 0.13 Botrychium australe 4 0.09 0.11 Brac1rycome stuartii 1 0.33 0.03 Brac1rycome ?microcarpa 5 0.07 0.22 0.03 0.06 0.25 Brac1rycome IlbVQ-oAglica 6 0.25 0.11 0.08 0.05 0.17 Brac1rycome scapigera 6 0.09 0.50 0.05 0.11 Brac1rycome ?tellUiscapa 2 0.04 0.05 Bracllyloma daplutoidu 4 0.07 0.11 0.05 0.05 Bractea1ltlta bracteata 6 0.25 0.11 0.05 0.11 .. Bractea1ltlta viscosa 1 0.33 0.03 Breyllia oblongifolia 6 0.75 0.02 0.17 0.14 0.13 0.13 Bulbopltyllum elisae 2 0.02 0.17 0.03 0.03 Bulbopltyllum exig_ I 0.11 0.03 Bulbopltyllum schillen_ 1 0.33 0.03 Bulbopltyllum sheplterdii 1 0.33 0.03

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area. -71- Northern Region

Appendix 3. (cont.)

Broad vegetation type Logging category Tot. SHR EDF TGF THF EMF TMFWSRF DRF SW ULl UL2 Ll 1.2 freq. (3) (4) (45) (9) (6) (J) (9) (3) (4) (39) (37) (6) (8)

BulbostyliJ: detISG 1 0.25 0.03 Bursaria spiltosa 6 o.en 0.14 0.01 0.10 0.05 Caladellia c_a 1 0.33 0.03 " Caladellia picta 2 0.04 0.03 0.17 Caldcluvia panicukMa 16 O.SO 0.86 0.7& 0.21 0.11 0.17 0.38 Callico1fUJ serratifolia 4 0.14 0.33 0.08 0.13 CalliJ:r.1fI01I citriluls 3 0.02 O.SO 0.05 0.17 CalliJ:r.1fI01Ijlavov;,e1l8 1 0.33 0.03 CalliJ:r.1fI01I pityoide8 2 O.SO 0.05 CalliJ:r.lfIOlIsaliglUl8 2 0.33 0.02 0.03 0.03 CalliJ:r.lfIOlIsuwri 3 0.04 0.33 0.08 Callitris eNllichilri 1 0.33 0.03 CalochUuNl dMbia 29 0.40 O.SO 0.86 0.22 0.23 0.32 O.SO 0.63 Calotis CWlilifolia 1 0.25 0.03 Calotis delltU 3 0.04 0.11 0.05 0.17 Ca/ytrbc r.tTagolla 1 0.33 0.03 CapillipediumJXlTYij/orum 1 0.25 0.03 Capparis arborea 2 0.67 0.05 CartlJlnriM paMCijuga 2 0.04 0.05 Caru apprU8a 7 0.04 0.29 0.22 0.33 0.13 0.17 0.13 Caru brnicu1mi8 15 0.75 O:El 0.10 0.24 0.17 0.13 Caru hattoriaNI 1 0.33 0.03 Caruilwersa 10 0.67 0.25 0.16 0.10 0.14 0.13 Cara lobokpi8 9 0.33 0.18 0.05 0.16 0.13 Caru Iollgilbrachiata 3 o.en 0.03 0.05 CQS8W tlU8traliJ: 4 0.17 0.29 0.33 0.05 0.05 CQS8wa qui"'lwfaria 2 0.33 0.02 0.03 0.03 Ca&rytha globella 2 0.11 0.25 0.03 0.03 Caoruaritta cwWIIgltami01ra 1 0.02 0.03 Ct1U8tisjluu08a 2 0.22 0.03 0.03 Cayratia ck1fUJtidea 4 0.25 0.02 0.33 0.08 0.13 CelO8tnu austTaliJ: 4 0.14 0.11 0.67 0.10 CelO8tTUJ 8Ubspicatus 5 0.33 0.22 0.33 0.08 0.25 CelltaUrium erythrtua 1 0.02 0.03 Cettr.11a a8iatica 5 0.11 0.08 0.05 Celltipeda mittima Vir. mittima 2 0.04 0.05 Cephalaralia cephalobotry8 17 0.02 0.83 0.43 0.89 0.23 0.08 0.63 Ceratopetalum apiltalum 4 0.33 0.33 0.08 0.13 Chililoltthu di8ta11s 2 O.SO 0.05 Chilila1ltM8 suberi 4 0.33 0.50 0.02 0.10 Cltiloglottis sphymoides 17 0.22 0.33 0.57 0.08 0.22 0.67 0.25 CItio""ch!oa pallida 7 0.33 0.02 0.56 0.08 0.05 0.17 0.13 Choretrum candolki 4 0.04 0.22 0.03 0.05 0.17 Chrisr.11a de1llata 2 0.02 0.33 0.05 Chryscephalum apicuJatum 3 0.50 0.02 0.05 0.03 CiMamOI1IUI1I vire1l8 5 0.17 0.44 0.08 0.25 .!l Cillfium vulgare 11 0.22 0.14 0.03 0.16 0.50 0.13 Cissus alllarctica 18 0.02 1.00 0.57 0.56 0.67 0.23 0.14 050 Cissus Irypoglauca 23 0.16 0.67 0.71 0.78 0.26 0.19 0.33 0.50 Cilriobatus paucij/onu 10 0.33 0.14 0.78 0.15 0.50 Cilroulla lfIOorei 8 0.33 0.29 0.44 0.10 0.05 0.25 Claoxyloll austral. 9 0.67 0.44 0.33 0.13 0.03 0.38 Clei8ta1J1Jtus cUNJillghamii 1 0.11 0.03

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -72-

Appendix 3. (cont.)

Broad vegetation type Logging category Tot. SHR EDF TGF TIIF EMF ~WSRF DRF SW ULl UL2 Ll 1.2 freq. (3) (4) (45) (9) (6) (l) (9) (3) (4) (39) (37) (6) (8)

Clematis aristato 20 0.22 0.33 0.71 0.22 0.33 0.23 0.16 0.67 0.13 Clematis glycillOidu 2 0.17 0.14 0.03 0.13 Clerotkndnun tomentosum 4 0.25 0.33 0.11 0.05 0.25 Comuperma erici_ 2 0.22 0.03 0.13 COlMUllilla cyaMa 2 0.04 0.05 COlMUlrs01tia/raseri 1 0.33 0.03 Conyza albida 26 0.75 0.44 0.29 0.~3 0.23 0.35 0.67 Coprosma quadrijida 7 0.07 0.57 0.13 0.03 .0.17 CordyliM petiolaris 1 0.17 0.13 Correa rej1aa var. rej1aa 6 1.00 0.04 0.11 0.15 Corybar (lJ:ollitiflorus 1 0.11 0.17 Corybasfimbriatus 12 0.25 0.13 0.17 0.57 0.10 0.14 '0.50 Craspedia lIariabilis 0.25 0.03 Croton i1lSU1aris 0.02 0.03 Cryptalldra amara var. longijlora. 2 0.04 0.03 0.03 Cryptalldra IQ1llMijlora 2 0.33 0.02 0.03 0.03 Cryptocarya foveolato 4 0.14 0.33 0.08 0.13 Cryptocarya microMura 6 0.17 0.29 0.33 0.08 0.03 0.25 Cryptocarya obollata 2 0.17 0.11 0.03 0.13 Cryptocarya rigida 20 0.04 1.00 0.86 0.67 0.23 0.14 1l.17 0.63 Cryptostylis subulata 1 0.25 0.03 Cyatltea australis 29 0.29 0.67 1.00 0.56 0.23 0.35 0.33 0.63 Cymbidium suave 1 0.02 0.03 CymbollOtus sp. 1 0.02 0.03 Cymbopog01l refractus 16 0.33 1.00 0.24 0.21 0.19 :0.17 CYllOglossum latifolium 7 0.04 0.29 0.33 0.13 0.17 0.13 Cyperus eMrvis 1 0.33 0.03 Cyperusjlaccidus 2 0.04 0.05 Cyperusj/aIIuceflS 1 0.25 0.03 Cyperus gr(lJ:ilis 1 0.02 0.03 Cyperus imbecillis 2 0.04 0.05

Cyperus /ui;idus 3 0.07 0.08

Cyperus sanguillOlen.tus 3 0.04 0.25 0.08 Cyperus spluuroitkus 4 0.09 0.08 0.03 Cyperus tetraphyllus 7 0.17 0.14 0.22 1.00 0.15 0.03 Dtunpiera purpurea 1 0.02 0.03 Dtunpiera stricto 6 0.56 0.25 0.08 0.03 0.17 0..13 DCUIlIto1tia 101l8ifolia 3 0.33 0.25 0.33 0.08 DCUIlIto1tia pilosa var.pilosa 10 0.25 0.13 0.33 0.13 0.14 DCUIlIto1tia r(lJ:emosa Vat. TQC~mosa 4 0.25 0.07 0.05 0.05 DCUIlIto1tia telluior 1 0.11 0.03 Daphnandra sp. A 13 0.50 0.43 0.67 0.33 0.21 0.08 0.25 Daw;us glochidiatus 1 0.02 0.03 Dallallia pyxidDJa 1 0.17 0.03 • Dalliuia latifolia 6 0.11 0.11 0.03 0.14 Dalliuia mimosoidu 1 0.02 0.03 Decaspermum humik 1 0.33 0.03 Deeringia amarCUllltoitks 1 0.11 0.03 Delldrobium aemulum 2 0.33 0.03 0.13 Delldrobium cucumeri_ 1 0.02 0.03

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen limes Management Area. -73- Northern Region

Appendix 3. (cont.)

Broad vegetation type Logging category Tot. SHR EDF TGF THF EMF TMFWSRF DRF SW UL1 UL2 L1 L2 fnlq. (3) (4) (45) (9) (6) (l) (9) (3) (4) (39) (37) (6) (8)

Dendrobiumfairfaxii 6 0.17 0.29 0.22 0.33 0.10 0.05 Dendrobium Iraeilicauh 2 0.67 0.05 Dendrobium kill&ituIum 2 0.67 0.05 Dendrobium mortii 2 0.17 0.11 0.03 0.03 Dendrobium pugiolliforme 11 0.33 0.14 0.78 0.33 0.21 0.05 0.13 Dendrobium scltoelliltum. 3 0.14 0.67 0.05 0.03 Dendrobium tarberi 4 0.17 1.00 0.10 Dendroc1lide uulsa 4 0.33 0.22 0.05 0.03 0.13 Denltamia celastroidu 13 0.67 0.14 0.56 1.00 0.21 0.03 0.50 DeltlfStaedtia dava/Iioides 4 0.17 0.29 0.11 0.03 0.03 0.17 0.13 Desmodium brat:ltypodum 4 050 0.04 0.05 0.05 Desmodium rltytidoplty/Ium 5 1.00 0.02 0.10 0.03 Desmodium varialts 36 1.00 0.56 0.17 0.71 0.33 0.33 0.49 0.50 0.25 Deyeuxia glUlllialta 5 0.04 0.75 0.10 0.03 Deyeuxia parviuta 20 0.36 0.22 0.50 0.08 0.32 0.50 0.25 DiaMlla caendea 54 0.33 0.75 0.67 0.67 0.50 0.71 0.22 0.67 0.50 0.49 0.65 1.00 0.63 DiaM/1a 101lgifolia 6 0.33 0.25 0.09 0.05 0.11 DiaM/1a revoluta 8 0.33 0.75 0.09 0.10 0.11 Dicltelaclt1&e micra1lllta 21 1.00 0.31 0.22 0.25 0.21 0.30 0.33 Dicltelaclt1&e rara 7 0.25 0.13 0.08 0.11 Dicltondra npe1lS 27 0.50 0.47 0.17 0.14 0.33 0.25 0.26 0.38 0.38 Dickso1&ia a1Itarctica 4 0.29 0.22 0.08 0.17 Dictymia broW1lii 16 0.50 0.43 0.89 0.67 0.26 0.08 0.38 Digitaria ciliaris 1 0.02 0.03 Digitaria parviflora 2 0.25 0.02 0.03 0.03 Di/Iwy1&ia pltylicoida 6 0.02 0.33 0.50 0.13 0.03 Di/lwy1&ia serlcea 1 0.33 0.03 Dioscorea traIIsversa 10 0.50 0.43 0.22 0.67 0.15 0.08 0.13 Diospyros austraUs 16 1.00 0.43 0.67 0.33 0.26 0.08 0.38 Diospyros pelltamera 4 0.17 0.22 0.33 0.08 0.03 Diplazium auslrale 3 0.33 0.08 Diploglottis australis 2 0.22 0.03 0.13 Diurissp. 1 0.02 0.03 Dodo1laea vi.rcosa Vir. viscosa 3 0.33 0.02 0.11 0.05 0.03 Doodia aspera 25 0.22 0.67 0.71 0.56 0.33 0.31 0.24 0.33 0.25 Doodia caudala Vir. caudata 4 0.07 0.33 0.10 Doodia media asp. media 1 0.33 0.03 Dorypltora sassafras 7 0.17 0.14 0.56 0.13 0.03 0.13 Drosera bi1lata 1 0.25 0.03 Drosera spatulota 2 0.50 0.05 Drypetuauslralasica 1 0.33 0.03 Dyso"Ylumfraseritulum 7 0.33 0.56 0.10 0.38 Eclti1&opogo1l caupitosus 17 0.50 0.27 0.11 0.29 "- 0.15 0.24 0.17 0.13 Eclti1&opogo1l ovatus 8 0.16 0.33 0.08 0.11 0.17 Eltrelia aelUPli1&ata 2 0.67 0.05 Elaeocarpur obovatus 1 0.17 0.03 ~ Elaeocarpur reticulatus 16 0.13 0.22 0.50 0.57 0.11 0.13 0.16 0.33 0.38 Elatostelfllfla reticulatum 1 0.33 0.03 Elatostelfllfla stipitatum 2 0.11 0.33 0.05 Elymus scaber var. scaber 2 0.04 0.05 ElIdiaNlra tfUU!/kri 1 0.17 0.13 EN.1iandra sieberi 12 0.02 0.50 0.29 0.67 0.10 0.14 0.38 Elllolasia margi1lata 4 0.07 0.14 0.08 0.03

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -74-

Appendix 3. (cont.)

Broad vegetation type Logging category Tot. SHR EDF TGF TIIF EMF TMFWSRF DRF SW UL1 UL2 L1 L2 freq. (3) (4) (45) (9) (6) (1) (9) (3) (4) (39) (37) (6) (8)

ElIto1Dsia sp. 2 0.11 0.25 0.03 0.03 ElIto1Dsia strit;ta 35 0.67 0.47 0.89 0.17 0.33 0.50 0.31 0.43 0.50 0.50 Epacris '!Jicr1;'U1/Q var. mu:rop I 5 0.33 1.00 0.13 Epilobilfm billardierianum asp. cUlereum 2 0.04 0.05 Eragrostis leptostae!t.ya 6 0.67 0.50 0.02 0.11 0.15 Eragrostis be1lthamii 1 0.25 0.03 Eremophi/Q debilis 1 0.02 0.03 Eriocaulort scariosum 1 0.25 0.03 Erioclrilus cucul/Q1JIs 2 0.02 0.25 0.03 0.13 Eriostemort difformis asp. smithiaiiUs 1 0.33 0.03 EucalyplJls acaciiformis 4 0.22 0.50 0.10 EucalyplJls amplifolia 2 0.04 0.05 EucalyplJls tmdrewsii 2 0.22 0.03 0.03 EucalyplJls biturbi1lQla 8 0.75 0.09 0.17 0.13 0.08 EucalyplJls blakelyi 2 0.33 0.02 0.03 0.03 EucalyplJls bridgesiaM 1 0.02 0.03 EucalyplJls b1WUlea 29 0.44 0.22 0.86 0.11 0.18 0.49 0.50 0.13 EucalyplJls caligirtOSa 14 0.25 0.20 0.22 0.50 0.18 0.19 EucalyeulJls caligirtOSa "me aM 1 0.02 0.03 EucalyplJls camero";; 23 0.31 0.67 0.17 0.14 0.25 0.13 0.38 0.50 0.13 EucalyplJls campanulata 44 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.33 0.29 0.50 0.26 0.65 0.83 0.63 r= EucalyplJls c_a 1 0.25 0.03 EucalyplJls crebra 1 0.25 0.03 EucalyC'" dalrympleaM asp. ptlllltJuj 11 0.16 0.11 0.75 0.15 0.1~ EucalyplJls dalr,YmpleaM '. 'swampfonn 1 0.02 0.03 Eucalyptus do"igoeflSis 8 0.18 0.13 0.08 EucalyplJls eugertioides 2 0.50 0.05 EucalyplJls gummifera 1 0.25 0.03 EucalyplJls intermedia 2 0.50 0.05 EucalyplJls laevopinea 17 0.13 0.50 0.86 0.22 0.15 0.19 0.17 0.38 EucalyplJls ligustrina 1 0.11 0.03 EucalyplJls melliodora 4 0.25 0.07 0.05 0.05 EucalyplJls microcorys 22 0.25 0.24 0.83 0.57 0.11 0.15 0.30 0.17 0.50 EucalyplJls nobilis 2 0.04 0.05 EucalyplJls notabilis 1 0.33 0.03 EucalyplJls nova-anglica 2 0.02 0.25 0.03 0.03 EucalyplJls obliqua 25 0.44 0.11 0.57 0.18 0.30 0.67 0.38 EucalyplJls olida 1 0.11 0.03 EucalyplJls paucijlora 1 0.25 0.03 EucalyplJls prava 2 0.33 0.11 0.05

Eucalyptus radiaJa SSp. sejuncta 9 0.13 0.22 0.25 0.10 0.14 Eucalyptus saligna 21 0.27 0.83 0.43 0.11 0.08 0.32 0.33 0.50 Eucalyptus staMico/Q 3 0.33 0.02 0.11 0.05 0.03 Eucalyptus tereticomis 1 0.25 0.03 Eucalyptus viminalis 3 0.04 0.17 0.08 Eupomalia laurina 13 0.67 0.43 0.56 0.33 0.15 0.11 0.38

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, -75- Northern Region Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area. . Northern Region -76-

Appendix 3. (cont.)

Broad vegetation type Logging category Tot. SHR EDF TGF 1HF EMF TMFWSRF DRF SW UL1 UL2 Lt 1.2 fulq. (3) (4) (45) (9) (6) (T) (9) (3) (4) (39) (37) (6) (8)

He1ichrysum scorpioidu 19 0.33 0.22 0.50 0.08 0.32 0.33 0.25 HibNrtia acicuJaris 1 0.11 0.03 HibNrtia aspera 13 0.33 0.22 0.11 0.25 0.05 0.22 0.50 HibNrtia de_a 0.11 0.50 0.57 0.08 0.14 0.17 0.38 12 '" HibNrtia empetrifolia 2 0.04 0.05 HibNrtia MTmll1IIIUfolia 1 0.11 0.13 HibNrtiali1lellris 1 0.11 0.03 HibNrtia obtusifolia 11 0.50 0.13 0.33 0.08 0.16 0.25 HibNrtia riparia 5 0.33 0.04 0.22 0.08 0.05 HibNrtia scaNkf18 31 0.25 OAO 0.11 0.67 0.86 0.11 0.21 0.32 1.00 0.63 HibNrtia serpyllifolia 3 O.cn 0.08 HibNrtia ?vutita 2 0.11 0.25 0.05 Hodgkinrollia ovatijlora 1 0.33 0.03 Hovea li1leans 10 0.09 0.44 0.50 0.13 0.14 Hovea purpurea 1 0.33 0.03 Hovea species A 4 0.44 0.05 0.03 0.13 Hybanthus eMeaspemws ssp. skllarioideS 2 0.04 0.03 0.03 Hybanthus monopetalus 1 0.11 0.03 Hydrocotyle gertJlliifolia 12 0.20 0.43 0.10 0.19 0.17 Hydrocotyle lazijlora 10 0.20 0.14 0.05 0.16 0.17 0.13 Hydroqotyle pedicellosa 2 0.22 0.03 0.13 Hydrocotyle peduncuJaris 14 o:n 0.14 0.25 0.10 0.22 0.17 0.13

Hydrocotyle tripartita 1 0.02 0.03 "., HymeMlltltera de_a 1 0.02 0.03 Hymenosporumjlavum 8 0.50 0.29 0.22 0.33 0.15 0.03 0.13 Hypericum gromi1leum 13 0.25 0.24 0.25 0.08 0.22 0.17 0.13 Hypericumjaponicum 18 0.31 1.00 0.18 0.22 0.38 Hypochoeris radicata 38 0.33 0.73 0.25 0.21 0.54 0.67 0.25 Hypolepis glalldulifera 6 O.cn 0.29 0.11 0.08 0.03 0.17 0.13 Imperata cylindrica 45 0.33 1.00 0.78 0.11 0.17 0.43 0.36 0.65 0.83 0.25 Indigofera australis 4 0.25 0.07 0.08 0.03 Isolepis i1lUlldata 2 0.02 0.25 0.05 !a.cksollia scoparia 2 0:04 0.05 !asmi_ vohdJile 2 0.25 0.33 0.05

!UN:US C01lti1lUU8 3 0.33 0.04 0.03 0.05 !UN:USfi1icaulis 4 0.09 0.03 0.08 !UN:US homalocaulis 5 0.11 0.03 0.11 !UN:US paucijlorus 4 0.04 0.14 0.33 0.08 0.17 !UN:US prismatocarpus 2 0.02 0.25 0.05 !UN:US subsecUNius 12 0.22 0.33 0.25 0.08 0.24 !UN:US usitatus 1 0.02 0.03 KeNUdia rubicUllda 6 0.13 0.08 0.50 Lagenifera ?gracilis 6 0.25 0.07 0.11 0.25 0.10 0.05 Lagenifera stipitata 29 0.50 0.51 0.22 0.14 0.25 0.13 0.46 0.83 0.25 Lastreopsis acumi1Ulta 1 0.11 0.03 Lastreopsis decomposita 6 0.50 0.29 0.11 0.08 0.05 0.17 Lastreopsis microsora 7 0.33 0.55 0.08 '0.03 0.38 Lastreopsis munita 4 0.17 0.33 0.10 Lastreopsis smithiana 1 0.11 0.03 Laxmannia gracilis 4 0.33 0.33 0.08 0.13 Leg1lephora moorei 1 0.33 0.03 LepidospermafilifOrM 2 0.11 0.25 0.03 0.03

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, -77- Northern Region

Appendix 3. (cont.)

Broad vegetation type Logging category TO!. SHR EDF TGF THF EMF TMFWSRF DRF SW UL1 UL2 L1 L2 freq. (3) (4) (45) (9) (6) (1) (9) (3) (4) (39) (37) (6) (8)

LepUIosperma laterale 25 0.75 0.29 0.67 0.67 0.25 0.31 0.Z1 0.17 0.25 upUIosperma limkola 1 0.25 0.03 LepUIosperma ware 5 0.67 0.22 0.25 0.10 0.13 LepUIosperma Iortuosum 2 0.22 0.05 uptospermum artll:1uIoidu 3 0.02 0.50 0.05 0.03 Leptospermum gregarium 5 0.04 0.75 0.08 0.05 Leptospermum microcarpum 2 0.67 0.05 Leptospermum rtOva-tmgUae 1 0.11 0.03 Leptospermum petersollii 2 0.67 0.05 Leptospermum polygalifolium 13 0.33 0.02- 0.20 0.33 0.24 0.16 0.13 Leptospermum tl'iMrvium 2 0.22 0.03 0.03 Lepyrodia CUfa111tria 1 0.25 0.03 Lepyrodia leplocaulis 2 0.33 0.11 0.05 Lepyrodia scariosa 1 0.11 0.03 Leucopogoll bifIorus 2 0.33 0.02 0.03 0.03 Leucopogolllallceolatus 47 0.80 0.67 0.33 0.29 0.25 0.26 0.73 0.83 0.63 Leucopogoll IMlaleucoidu 3 0.33 0.02 0.11 0.05 0.03 Leucopogoll microphyllus vu. mu:rophy/1uS 5 0.67 0.02 0.22 0.08 0.03 0.13 Leucopogoll MO-tmglicus 1 0.33 0.03 Libertia palliculata 2 0.02 0.14 0.03 0.03 Li1tdsaea waris 9 0.07 0.33 0.75 0.13 0.05 0.17 0.13 Li1tdsaea microphylla 1 0.11 0.13 Liparis coelo8:JllOidu 1 0.33 0.03 Liparis reflexa 1 0.33 0.03 Litsea reticulata 4 0.44 0.05 0.25

'd Lobelia gracilis 1 0.33 0.03 Lobelia trigollOCaulis 2 0.14 0.11 0.05 LomaNira confertifolia sap. pallida 2 0.67 0.05 LomaNira elollg_ 1 0.11 . 0.13 LomaNiraftliformis 30 0.50 0.47 0.67 0.25 0.23 0.49 0.50 LomaNira hystrix 4 0.04 0.67 0.10 LomaNira 101l8ifolia 53 1.00 0.75 0.82 0.44 0.33 0.43 0.25 0.38 0.76 0.83 0.63 LomaNira multijlora 9 0.33 0.25 0.11 0.22 0.10 0.11 0.13 LomaNira spicaJa 20 0.09 0.50 0.71 0.89 0.26 0.19 0.38 Lomatia silaifolia 31 0.47 1.00 0.25 0.26 0.41 0.83 0.13 Lophostemoll confertus 10 0.25 0.83 0.29 0.11 0.33 0.13 0.11 0.13 Luzulasp. 5 0.11 0.03 0.08 0.13 Maclura COClli1lClIiMnsis 3 0.02 0.17 0.11 0.08 Mantklliajlavescens 3 0.14 0.11 0.33 0.08 Mantkllia roslrata 11 0.33 0.86 0.22 0.33 0.18 0.05 0.17 0.13 Mantkllia suberosa 2 0.25 0.33 0.05 Mayte1Ul8 bilocularis 5 0.25 0.07 0.17 0.08 0.05 Mayte1Ul8 silvestris 3 0.02 0.17 0.33 0.05 0.03 Melichrus procum1JeM 7 0.09 0.33 0.05 0.14 Melichrus urceolatus 4 0.25 0.07 0.05 0.05 '" Melicope hayesii 1 0.14 0.03 Melicope micrococca 2 0.17 0.14 0.03 0.13 Melllha dkmenica 6 0.13 0.05 0.08 0.13 MicroloeM stipoidu vu. stipoideS 55 0.75 0.82 0.78 0.17 0.29 0.67 0.75 0.54 0.65 1.00 0.50 MicrosorutnsCalltUM 11 0.33 0.29 0.78 0.18 0.05 0.25

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -78-

Appendix 3. (cont.)

Broad vegetation type Logging category Tot. SHR EDF TGF THF EMF TMFWSRF DRF SW ULl UL2 Ll L2 frcq. (3) (4) (45) (9) (6) Cl) (9) (3) (4) (39) (37) (6) (8)

-,: Microtis lip. 1 0.02 0.03 Mo1tOtoca scoparia 16 0.33 0.16 0.78 0.25 0.15 0.22 0.17 0.13 MoriNia acUlifolia 1 0.33 0.03 MoriNiajasminoidu 16 0.02 0.83 0.29 0.78 0.33 0.23 0.05 0.63 MuelkriM ~UCQlyptoidu 1 0.02 0.13 N~oUIs~a austra~1ISis 5 0.50 0.22 0.10 0.03 N~oUIs~a dealbata 5 0.33 0.33 0.08 0.25 No~ltua UMaris 1 0.33 0.03 No~ltua IongifoUa 13 0.11 0.67 0.29 0.11 0.33 0.13 0.11 0.17 0.38 No~ltu'! microcarpa Vir. mu:rocarpa 1 0.02 0.03 No~ltua lIetlOsa 12 o.rn 0.17 0.57 0.44 0.15 0.14 0.13 Okapaniculata 2 0.67 0.05 Okaria microphylla 1 0.02 0.03 Okaria oppositifoUa 2 0.04 0.03 0.03 Okaria ramulosa 1 0.02 0.03 Op~rcularia asp~ra 7 0.25 0.11 0.11 0.05 0.11 0.13 Op~rcularia 1Iispida 25 0.33 1.00 '0.38 0.33 0.18 0.41 0.33 0.13 Oplisme1lUS "mulus 4 0.25 o.rn 0.08 0.03 OpUsme1lUS imb~cillus 18 0.25 0.18 0.17 0.71 0.11 0.67 0.21 0.14 0.50 0.25 Or~omyrrhis ~riDpoda 1 0.02 0.03 Oriwuc~lsa 7 0.14 0.67 0.15 0.13 OxaUsIlp. 9 0.18 0.14 0.10 0.08 0.17 0.13 Oxylobium ilicifolium 3 0.02 0.22 0.08 Ozothamttus bidwilUi 1 0.11 0.03 Ozothamttus dWsmifolius 2 ().02 0.14 0.03 0.03 Ozothamttus rujesa1JS 3' 0.17 0.22 0.03 0.25 PalmeriD sctmde1JS 10 0.33 0.14 0.78 0.15 0.05 0.25 Ptutdorea pandorana 12 0.02 0.33 0.14 0.67 0.67 0.23 0.05 0.13 Panicum bisulcalUm 1 0.02 0.03 Panicum ~ffusum 4 0.75 0.02 0.08 0.03 Panicumsimik 1 0.02 0.03 Paronycltia brasiliana 1 0.02 0.03 Parso1lSia ?iNJupUcata 1 0.11 0.13 Parso1JSia stramiMa 10 0.04 0.50 0.33 0.67 0.21 0.05

Parso1lSia lI~lutiIJa 2 0.67 0.05 Parso1lSia species A 2 0.11 0.33 0.05 Parso1lSia species C 1 0.11 0.03 PaJersotJiafragiUs 1 0.25 0.03 PaJersotJia glabrata 11 o.rn 0.78 0.25 0.13 0.11 0.17 0.13 PaJersotJia s~ric~a var. s~ric~a 7 0.04 0.44 0.25 0.08 0.08 0.13 P~largolJium austrak 1 0.33 0.03 P~lltuafalcata lIar.falt:ata 5 0.04 0.22 0.33 0.10 0.13

P~lltuafalcata var. 1Ja1Ja 8 0.02 0.17 0.56 0.33 0.18 0.13 P~lltua paradoxa 1 0.11 0.03 P~1WUIIia cUllllinghamii 15 0.67 0.29 0.89 0.33 0.26 0.05 0.38 P~~romia kptostachya 2 0.67 0.05 P~~romia ~traphylla 4 0.17 0.11 0.67 0.08 0.03 P~rsicaria decipU1JS 2 0.04 0.05 P~rsicaria hydropip~r 1 0.02 0.03 P~rsicaria p'r"~rmissa 1 0.02 0.03 P~rsootJia comifoUa 7 0.33 0.11 0.11 0.08 0.11

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, -79- Northern Region

Appendix 3. (cont.)

Broad vegetation type Logging category Tot. SHR EDF TGF THF EMF TMFWSRF DRF SW ULl UL2 Ll L2 fmq. (3) (4) (45) (9) (6) m (9) (3) (4) (39) (37) (6) (8)

Pe~ooNa okoidu 16 0.18 0.78 0.25 0.10 0.22 0.33 0.25

Pel700Na sericea 3 0.02 0.22 0.03 0.05 Pel700Na ulUdfolia 2 0.22 0.03 0.03 Petroplcik ClVlUceM 6 0.44 0.50 0.13 0.03 Petroplcik pu1cltella 1 0.11 0.13 Phylltlllllrus ,_emU 1 0.02 0.03 Phylltlllllrus lUrtellul 1 0.11 0.13 Phylltlllllrus .similis 3 0.04 0.33 0.05 0.13 Phylltlllllrus virgatus 1 0.02 0.03 Phyllota phylicofdu 1 0.11 0.03 Picrls lrieTalCioidu 6 0.50 0.09 0.08 0.03 0.25 Pimeka 'itffta'ia lIIp·lWfo· 4 0.44 0.05 0.03 0.13 Piptoca"% moorei 6 0.29 0.44 0.13 0.13 PiltospoTVtrl mlolutum 11 0.02 0.83 0.29 0.22 0.33 0.13 0.05 0.50 PittospoTVtrl IIIIdMJaIUm 13 0.02 0.67 0.29 0.44 0.67 0.18 0.11 0.25 Pltwago dehilis 12 0.25 0.22 0.17 0.13 0.16 0.13 Platycenum bifurcalUm 6 0.67 0.14 0.33 0.10 0.25 Platycm-superbwn 2 0.02 0.17 0.03 0.03 PIaty8aCe ericoidu 11 0.33 0.00 0.78 0.15 0.08 0.17 0.13 PIaty8aCe loN:eolata 1 0.11 0.03 PkctorlUztJ tride_ 5 0.33 1.00 0.10 0.13 Pkct1Wllw,raveokM 3 0.33 0.02 0.33 0.08 Pkct1Wllluu parvijlonu 13 1.00 0.00 0.17 0.14 0.22 0.67 0.31 0.03 Pkct1Wllluu suaveolDl8 1 0.33 0.03 Poa labillardUri vu. labillardieri 14 0.24 0.29 0.11 0.15 0.16 0.25 Poa qUlleNlla1u/ica 1 0.14 0.17 Poa sieberimta vu.sieberimta 48 1.00 0.82 0.22 0.17 0.57 0.38 0.70 0.83 0.25 Poasp. 3 0.04 0.11 0.08 Podokpis rugkcta 2 0.04 0.05 Polygala japo1lica 8 0.25 0.16 0.03 0.14 0.17 0.13 Polyo.rma clUlllillg1lamii 6 0.17 .. 0.56 0.08 0.38 Polypllkbium ve_1lIII 1 0.11 0.03 Polyscias ekglJNl 2 0.33 0.03 0.03 Polyscias smnbucifolia 21 0.31 0.33 0.50 0.14 0.10 o:n 0.33 0.63 Polystic1llllllfalla% 1 0.17 0.03 POIflIJderris lJIIdro_difolia 1 0.11 0.03 Po1Mderris illlermedia 1 0.11 0.13 Po1Mderris kutigera 2 0.33 0.11 0.05 POIftQ% IUlfbeIlata 8 0.67 0.04 0.44 0.08 0.05 0.33 0.13 PorlJlllMra microp1lylla 18 0.36 0.22 0.05 0.32 0.50 0.13 Pratia pedwlculDla 1 0.02 0.13 Pratia purpurasceff8 38 0.75 0.67 0.17 0.57 0.26 0.59 0.67 0.25 Pro8talllMra Urcw 1 0.33 0.03 Pro8talllMra IIivea vu. iIIduJa 1 0.33 0.03 P1'UM11a vulgaris 1 0.02 0.03 Pseuderlllll1lemum variabik 4 0.17 ,0.14 0.67 0.05 0.03 0.13 Psycllolria 101liceroidu 11 0.02 0.67 0.29 0.44 0.10 0.05 0.63 Pteridium escule_ 52 0.84 0.44 0.33 0.86 0.50 0.33 0.78 1.00 0.50 Pterls Iremula 6 0.02 0.50 0.11 0.33 0.13 0.13 Pterls umbrasa 8 0.33 0.14 0.56 0.15 0.05

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area. Northern Region -80-

Appendix 3. (cont.) Broad vegetation type Logging category Tot. SHR EDF TGF 1HF EMF TMFWSRF DRF SW UL1 UL2 L1 1.2 freq. (3) (4) (45) (9) (6) (l) (9) (3) (4) (39) (37) (6) (8)

PuroSlylis curta 1 0.02 0.03 Purostylis decurva 5 0.09 0.14 0.08 0.05 purostylisji.rchii 2 0.04 0.05 puroSlylis longifolia 9 0.18 0.14 0.03 0.16 0.25 " purostylis IIUta1lIJ 8 0.16 0.14 0.03 0.11 0.17 0.25 Puroslylis parviflora 1 0.33 0.03 Purostylis petiullculata 6 0.04 0.29 0.67 0.10 0.17 0.13 Purostylis rejlexa 1 0.25 0.03 Pteroslylis rno1ula 1 0.02 0.03 Ptila1ltheUum deustum 5 0.33 0.22 0.50 0.13 Pulunaea altissima 1 0.11 0.03 Pulunaeafoliolosa 1 0.11 0.03 Pulunaeajuniperi1lll var. mw:ronata 4 0.02 0.33 0.05 0.33 PulUnaea li1tOphylla 2 0.02 0.11 0.03 0.03 PulUnaea polifolia 1 0.11 0.03 PulunaeapycllOCephala 1 0.11 0.03 Pulunaea retusa 3 0.11 0.50 0.05 0.17 Pultenaeasp. 1 0.11 0.03 Pulunaea stuarliaIIIl 1 0.33 0.03 Pulunaea villosa 1 0.11 0.03 Pyrrosia co1!flueM 9 0.02 0.33 0.29 0.22 0.67 0.13 0.11 Pyrrosia rupestru 12 0.02 0.50 0.43 0.33 0.67 0.18 0.08. 0.25 Qui1llinia suberi 1 0.11 0.03 'f> RtWUlCulus loppaceus 5 0.25 0.09 0.05 0.05 0.17 RtWUlCuIu.r plebeius 1 0.02 0.03 RtWUlCulus sp. 4 0.09 0.03 0.08 RapaItea howittiana 14 0.09 0.50 0.14 0.33 1.00 0.18 0.16 0.13 RapaItea variabilis 13 0.25 0.02 0.67 0.57 0.33 0.21 0.05 0.38 Rutiofimbriatus 2 0.50 0.05 Rlwdtmthe a1Ithemoides 2 0.02 0.33 0.05 Rlwdam1lia rubuceM 7 0.50 0.29 0.22 0.05 0.08 0.25 RkylfClwspora brow,," 3 0.75 0.08 RipogollUlfl brevifolium 4 0.33 0.11 0.33 0.10 Rosullu1aria adsce1ldeM 1 0.02 0.03 Rubus hillii 5 0.02 0.17 0.14 0.22 0.08 0.03 0.13 Rubusparvifolius 31 0.75 0.60 0.17 0.26 0.43 0.33 0.38 Rubus rosifolius 4 0.17 0.29 0.11 0.05 0.17 0.13 Rubus sp. A (aff. moorei) 6 0.34 0.44 0.05 0.03 0.38 RIIIMX brow,," 5 0.07 0.67 0.13 Sambucus australasica 1 0.11 0.03 Santalum obtusifoUum 1 0.02 0.13 Sarcochilus australis 1 0.14 0.03 Sarcochilus ceci/iae 1 0.33 0.03 Sarcochilusfalcatus 7 0.17 0.29 0.33 0.33 0.08 0.08 0.13 Sarcochilus hillii 2 0.67 0.05

Sarcochilus olivaceus 0.14 0.03

Sarcopeta/um harveyallUlfl 7 0.33 0.14 0.33 0.33 0.10 0.17 0.25 Sarcopteryx stipilaJa 3 0.17 0.22 0.03 0.25 Schizomeria ovata 18 0.04 0.83 0.57 "0.78 0.21 0.14 0.63 Sclwenus apogon 8 0.13 0.50 0.08 0.14 Sclwenus melanos/QChys 3 0.11 0.50 0.08 Sclwenus vaginatus 2 0.67 0.05

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, -81- Northern Region

Appendix 3. (cont.)

Broad vegetation type Logging category Tot. SHR EDF TGF THF EMF TMFWSRF DRF SW UL1 UL2 L1 L2 fmq. (3) (4) (45) (9) (6) (J) (9) (3) (4) (39) (37) , (6) (8)

ScleTtVtt1tus bijlorus 2 0.04 0.03 0.03 Scleria lfIQCka'Juw 2 0.50 0.05 SeMcio amygdalifolius 5 0.02 0.43 0.33 0.05 0.05 0.13 Sellecio hisP.idulus vu. hispidulus 0.02 0.03 SeMcio li1Iearifolius 0.14 0.03 SeMcio millimus var. minimus 0.14 0.17 Sellecio lip. E (aff. apargiaefolius) 29 0.33 0.50 0.58 0.150.43 0.67 0.38 Sellecio vagus IISp. vagus 1 0.33 0.03 Setaria pumila 2 0.04 0.05 Sida rltombifolia 1 0.02 0.03 Sigesbeckia orielllalis 11 0.25 0.16 0.17 0.29 0.13 0.05 0.33 0.25 Sloa1tea woollsii 11 0.33 0.14 0.89 0.18 0.03 0.38 Smi1a% auslTalis 28 0.24 0.22 0.50 0.86 0.44 0.33 0.25 0.28 O.T! 0.50 0.50 Smi1a% g/ycoiphylla 3 0.02 0.11 0.11 0.03 0.05 So1allum aviculare 1 0.14 0.03 So1allum brownU 1 0.02 0.03 So1allum densevestitum 9 0.11 0.33 0.29 0.14 0.17 0.38 So1allum elegans 1 0.33 0.03 So1allum 0POI:um. 1 0.14 0.17 So1allum pri1lophyllum 4 0.00 0.14 0.05 0.03 0.17 So1allum pseudocapsicum 2 0.04 0.05 So1allum plUlgetium 1 '? 0.14 0.03 So1allum lip. 2 0.02 0.11 0.03 0.13 So1allum stelligerum 1 0.25 0.03 Sonchus olerOl:eus 1 0.02 0.03 'Y'/ Sorghum. leiocladum 3 0.50 0.02 0.05 0.03 Sporobolus elo"8atus 3 0.25 0.04 0.03 0.05 Stockhousia 1fI01IOgylla 2 0.02 0.11 0.03 0.17 Stockhousia vimillea 5 0.11 0.05 0.05 0.17 Stellariaj/accida 1 0.33 0.03 Step/ltuJfa j~mca vu. disCo r 1 0.11 0.03 Sticherus lobatus 1 0.02 0.17 Stipa ramosissima 1 0.11 0.03 Stipa rudis IISp. lIeTVosa 5 0.11 0.14 SlTeblus bTlUlOItiaItus 7 0.02 0.33 1.00 0.18 Sty1idium gramiNfolium 10 0.18 0.11 0.25 0.08 0.19 Stypandra glauca 2 0.67 0.05 Styphelia viritBs 2 0.33 0.02 0.03 0.03 Swainsonia lip. 1 0.02 0.03 SYl/Oum glaNlulosum 23 0.13 0.83 0.86 0.67 0.21 0.24 0.33 0.50 Syzygium australe 4 0.33 0.22 0.05 0.25 Taraxacum. OfflCina1e 3 0.25 0.04 0.05 0.03 " TasmaNtia insipida 12 0.67 0.14 0.78 0.15 0.05 0.50 TasmaNtia stipitata 4 0.09 0.08 0.17 TelTastigma miens 7 0.67 0.14 0.67 0.10 0.05 0.13 TheIMda auslTalis 25 0.33 0.50 0.38 0.33 0.50 0.21 0.38 0.38 Todea barbara 1 0.11 0.03 Toolla ciliata 2 0.17 0.11 0.03 0.13 TrOl:hYIMlIe i1lCisa ssp. incisa 7 1.00 0.00 0.11 0.10 0.08 TrOl:hYIMlIe aIlisocarpa 1 0.25 0.03

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -82-

Appendix 3. (cont.)

Broad vegetation type Logging category Tot. SHR EDF TGF TIIF EMF TMF WSRF DRF SW UL1 UL2 L1 L2 frcq. (3) (4) (45) (9) (6) (J) (9) (3) (4) (39) (37) (6) (8)

f TTtlma aspera 2 0.25 0.17 0.03 0.13 TricoryM elalior 1 0.11 0.03 Trifolium repe1l8 1 0.02 0.03 Trochocarpa lauriIta 21 0.22 0.67 0.57 0.33 0.13 o:n 0.17 0.63 Tyloplrora pa1Uculata 6 0.02 0.29 0.22 0.33 0.10 0.05 Typllollium brOWM 1 0.02 0.03 UlICinia species B (Uf. silvutris) 1 0.11 0.03 UI1~a illCisa 2 0.02 0.11 0.05 Utricularia dicllotoma 1 0.25 0.03 Verbella bo1laTie1lSis 1 0.02 0.03 Ve1'1lO11ia ciMrea vu. cinerea 8 0.75 0.11 0.08 0.14 Verollica calyci1ta 7 0.16 0.03 0.11 0.25 Verollica lIOtabilis 2 0.02 0.14 0.03 0.03 Verollica plebeia 15 0.25 0.31 0.08 o:n 0.17 0.13 Villania relliformis 2 0.02 0.25 0.05 Viola betollicifolia ~8 0.33 0.50 0.73 0.11 0.17 0.23 0.59 0.67 0.38 Viola ca/eyalta 1 0.02 0.03 Viola heduacea 26 0.36 0.33 0.71 0.11 0.67 0.21 o:n 0.67 0.50 Waltlelfbergia spp. 16 0.50 0.24 0.22 0.33 0.15 0.22 0.33 Waltlelfbergia stricta 4 0.25 O.cn 0.05 0.05 XOIIIhorrlloea sp. 5 0.06 0.33 0.05 0.11

Xyrissp. 2 0.50 0.05 'b YOUIIgia japollica 5 0.09 0.33 0.08 0.05 ZehNtria CUIIIIiIIghamii 2 0.02 0.14 0.03 0.17 Zieriafraseri ssp. B 1 0.11 0.03 'i Zieriasmitltii 5 0.02 0.33 0.14 0.33 0.05 0.38 Zieria species K 2 0.04 0.25

. species notrecorded in that category.

Broad vegetation type: (refer to text for explanation) SHR=shrubland and woodland on rocky sites (GLEfl) EDF=escarpment ("coastal") dry forest (GLEovl/GLEfl) TGF=tableland grassy forest (GLEov2-10/GLEfl) THF=tableland heath forest (GLEov2-10/GLEt3) EMF=escarpment moist forest (GLEov12,14/GLEf4-5) TMF=tableland moist forest (GLEovl0-ll/GLEf4-5) WSRF=wann temperate/subtropical rainforest (GLEovI5/GLEf6) DRF=dry rainforest (GLEovI6-17/GLEfl) SW=sedgeland and wet heath (GLEfS)

Logging category: UL1=unlogged,unloggable (reserve,steep or non-commercial) UL2=unlogged,loggable L1=logged IOyr

.'-

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, -83- Northern Region

Appendix 4. Descriptions offloristic communities.

Floristic communities are derived from classification at the 35 class level, ofall species other than eucalypts. Overstorey communities are superimposed on the classification and the range ofoverstorey communities associated with each "understorey" community is described. To facilitate comparisons, the communities are considered in eight broad community groups. The shrubland communities are floristically very disparate and are grouped for convenience only. Other communities are grouped by floristic similarity (refer to Figure 3). Communities are named from the most frequent and abundant species in the overstorey and understorey, provided cover exceeds 5% (Le. emergents are not considered). Habitat and distribution are described from plot data only. Comments on more general habitat and distribution within the Management Area are included under "Comments" where appropriate. In the following descriptions, overstorey communities are prefixed by GLEov and floristic communities by GLEf. R=floristic richness (median number ofspecies per 0.1 ha plot).

1. Shrubland and open woodland on rocky sites

GLEf 1.1 CaIytrix tetragona (plotELGOl; R=31)

Habitat and distribution: Localised and oflimited extent (several ha), on a granite summit outcrop in Glen Elgin State Forest, at 1170 m altitude. .

Structure: Shrubland/open shrubland; a mosaic ofdense shrub thickets (to 1.5 m tall) interspersed with bare rock, giving an overall vegetation cover of approx. 30%; scattered taller shrubs, and emergent small trees to 15 m.

Floristics: Dominant shrub CaIytrix tetragona, with other locally common shrubs including Prostanthera nivea, Leptospermum microcarpum, Acacia viscidula, and outside the plot, Mirbelia confertiflora. Taller shrub Leptospermum petersonii and emergents Allocasuarina littoralis and Eucalyptus campanulata.

Comments: Related communities, not quantitatively sampled, occur on coarse grained granite outcrops in Warra State Forest, Moogem State Forest and Butterleaf State Forest. These typically comprise dense to very dense shrublands, or occasionally isolated shrubs, interspersed with often extensive expanses ofunvegetated rock, on a scale oftens ofsquare metres.

Small patches in Moogem State Forest are dominated by Leptospermum microcarpum and Leucopogon neo-anglicus. More extensive areas in Warra State Forest and to a lesser extent in Butterleaf State Forest, are a mosaic of shrub thickets variously dominated by Kunza ericoides, Leptospermum novae-angliae, Calytrix tetragona, Brachyloma daphnoides, Hakea dactyloides and Mirbelia confertiflora. Associated with these shrublands are mallee communities dominated by Eucalyptus codonocarpa.

GLEf 1.2 Eucalyptus prava-Eragtostis leptostachya (plot TOR02; R=53)

Habitat and distribution: A single plot along a minor creek in undulating topography on granite in Torrington State Forest. Very rocky, with areas ofexposed bedrock and large granite tors.

Structure: Woodland with 10% canopy cover and maximum height of 13 m. Scattered shrub thickets in creek bed and scattered shrubs elsewhere, to 6 m tall. Ground layer very variable, mostly dense patches interspersed with exposed rock.

Floristics: Overstorey E. prava and E. stannicola. Scattered small trees and shrubs ofCaIlitris endlicheri, Dodonaea viscosa, Leptospermum polygalijolium and Pultenaea stuartiana. Dense stands ofArundinella nepalensis prominent in creek bed.

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -84-

Appendix 4. (cont.)

Comments: In the Management Area, this community occurs only along several small creeks in the western half ofTorrington State Forest.

i' GLEf 1.3 Schoenus vaginatus-Pomaderris lanigera (plot Gffi04; R=31)

Habitat and distribution: A single stand on a precitipitous rock outcrop immediately above a cliff in Gibraltar Range State Forest

Structure: Shrubland/sedgeland with isolated small tree (up to 10 m) emergents. A mosaic ofdense low (1-2 m) thickets interspersed with small areas ofbare rock.

Floristics: A mosaic ofSchoenus vaginatus, Pomaderris lanigera, Leptospermum microcarpum and Hibbertia sp. aff. riparia, with taller patches ofLeptospermum petersonii and isolated small trees of Allocasuarina littoralis and Eucalyptus notabilis.

Comments: Other broadly similar communities occur as isolated, small « 1'ha) patches on rock outcrops elsewhere in Gibraltar Range State Forest These were inspected but not sampled. Shrubland dominated by L. petersonii and Baeckea virgata occurs as isolated small patches in Mt. Mitchell State Forest

2. Grassy open forest. (Tableland grassy forest and escatpment dry forest)

GLEf 2.1 Eucalyptus campanulata-Lomandra longifolia-Imperata cylindrica (plots BR003, LONOl, LON02; R=38)

Habitat and distribution: Gentle slopes with north-west aspect at altitudes of980-1110 m, on metasediments in Brother and London Bridge State Forests.

Structure: Woodland (logged plot BR003) or tall open forest, up to 42 m, with sparse shrub layer and dense ground cover.

Floristics: Overstorey E. campanulata withE. cameronii or E. microcorys (GLEov 9.1). Ground cover characterized by abundance ofLomandra longifolia, Imperata cylindrica and Pteridium esculentum. Other common species are Leucopogon lanceolatus, Microlaena stipoides and Poa sieberiana. Plot BR003 is a very simple forest on a more exposed site. It has been more frequently burnt and has no shrub stratum. Plots LONOl and LON02 have scattered shrubs and isolated shrub thickets, including Trochocarpa laurina and Tasmannia stipitata.

Comments: This is a minor variant ofthe very extensive GLEF 2.3.

GLEf 2.2 Eucalyptus campanulata-Daviesia latifolia-Imperata cylindrica (plots CUR02,CUR03; R=22) .' Habitat and distribution: Ridge crests and gentle slopes, at altitudes of860-880 m, on metasediment in the northern part ofCurramore State Forest

Structure: Open forest with sparse tall shrubs, moderately dense low shrubs (1-2 m) and moderate ground cover.

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen hmes Management Area, -85- Northern Region

Appendix 4. (cont.)

Floristics: Overstorey dominated by E. campanulata with E. obliqua and E. brunnea (GLEov 9.1, plot CUR02) and E. caliginosa (GLEov 9.2, plot CUR03). Low shrub layer ofDaviesia latijolia, and ground cover ofImperata cylindrica and Poa sieberiana.

Comments: Apparently similar vegetation was observed to be widespread in similar sites but at higher altitudes in the western part ofBrother State Forest, and more localised in parts of Oakwood State ... Forest. These occurrences were not sampled. This community is similar to GLE12.3, but distinguished by the prominent low shrub stratum which is generally absent from GLE12.3.

GLEf2.3 E. campanulata-Allocasuarina littoralis-Poa sieberiana (plots BUT02, CUR08, CURlO, ELG03, GIB 17, GLE01, GLE05, GLE06, LON09, MIT02, M0002, OAK01, OAK03, OAK05, OAK07, OAK08, OAK09, WAR03, WAR06; R=53)

Habitat and distribution: This is by far the most widespread community in the area and occurs over much ofthe plateau in all but Torrlngton State Forest It is particularly prominent on metasediments in the Oakwood group offorests and in Curramore and Gibraltar Range State Forests, but also occurs on granite parent materials. It occupies a very wide range ofhabitats, occurring on all aspects, on ridges, slopes and in broad minor gullies, at altitudes from 640-1210 m.

Structure: Open forest, tall open forest and woodland, with sparse to moderately dense subcanopy, sparse to no shrubs and dense grassy ground cover.

Floristics: Overstorey very variable and includes a range ofcommunities. E. campanulata is the most frequent species. A subcanopy ofAllocasuarina littoralis occurs in over 50% ofplots. Leucopogon lanceolatus is a frequent, but rarely abundant, low shrub. Poa sieberiana, Microlaena stipoides and Lomandra longijolia are ubiquitous and abundant ground cover species. Imperata cylindrica, Pteridiwn esculentwn, Themeda australis and Lomandrafilijormis are frequent and often locally abundant, but not ubiquitous. Frequent ground cover species which are usually less abundant include Glycine clandestina, Viola betonicijolia, Pratia purpurascens, Desmodiwn varians and the introduced Hypochoeris radicata.

Comments: This community is remarlcable for its widespread occurrence and general appearance of uniformity ofthe structure and floristic composition ofthe understorey. It is highly likely that it is a result ofa long history offrequent low intensity burning and extensive grazing by domestic stock. In the absence ofthese regular disturbances, much more variability may be expected.

GLEf 2.4 E. obliqua-Calochlaena dubia (plots BR004, CUR06, GIB 13, LON05, LON07, M0001, WAR02; R=49)

Habitat and distribution: Mainly on sheltered lower slopes and flats in undulating topography on plateaux, at altitudes 960-1250 m. Very widespread in Butterleaf State Forest, Curramore State Forest and the Oakwood group offorests, less so in Brother State Forest and the Gibraltar Range group. Mostly on metasediments, but small areas on granite in Warra State Forest.

Structure: Tall open forest, up to 40 m, occasionally open forest. Subcanopy and shrub strata sparse to non-existent, except plot GIB13 with a subcanopy ofAllocasuarina littoralis. Dense to very dense ground cover, except the recently logged and burnt plot LON07. 'to Floristics: Overstorey variable, usually dominated by E. campanulata with E. obliqua or E. cameronii (GLEov9.1 and GLEov9.2), or E. obliqua dominant (GLEov10.1). The small area on granite in Warra State Forest is unusual in being E. laevopinea-E. obliqua (GLEov11.2). Sparse subcanopy/shrub strata include variously Acacia irrorata, Banksia integrijolia, Allocasuarina littoralis or Cyathea australis. The ground cover is the distinguishing feature ofthis community, usually clearly dominated

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -86-

Appendix 4. (cont.) by the fern CaIochlaena dubia. Other common, but less abundant species are Poa sieberiana, Pteridium esculentum, Glycine clandestina and Lomandra longifolia.

Comments: This community is similar to the more widespread GLEt2.3, but appears to replace it on more sheltered and/or moister sites.

GLEf 2.5 E. caliginosa-Allocasuarina littoralis-Imperata cylindrica (plots WAR04, WAR05; R=64)

Habitat and distribution: Widespread on flat to undulating lower slopes on coarse-grained granite in Warra State Forest, at altitudes 1070-1130 m, but not recorded in other forests.

Structure: Open forest up to 30 m. Sparse to mid-dense subcanopy and shrub statum and sparse to mid-dense ground cover.

Floristics: Overstorey ofE. caliginosa and E. radiata (GLEov5 and GLEov6.2). Subcanopy A. littoralis and Banksia integrifolia. Common shrubs are Leucopogon lanceolatus, Monotoca scoparia and locally, Bursaria spinosa. Common ground cover species include Imperata cylindrica, Stipa rudis ssp. nervosa and Gonocarpus tetragynus.

Comments: This community occurs in areas which are frequently burnt by low intensity fires. With less frequent burning, a more diverse shrub layer may develop.

GLEf 2.6 E. laevopinea-Banksia integrifolia-Poa labillardieri (plots BUT02, GIB01; R=57)

Habitat and distribution: Limited areas on north to north-west aspects on slopes at 1000-1200 m altitude, on metasediments. .

Structure: Tall open forest with sparse to mid-dense subcanopy, variable shrub statum and dense ground cover.

Floristics: Overstorey dominated by E. campanulata (plot GIB01) or E. nobilis (plot BUT02), with E. obliqua and E. laevopinea. Subcanopy ofBanksia integrifolia. Occasional plants ofthe tree-fern Cyathea australis. Ground cover ofPoa labillardieri, Hibbertia dentata, Viola hederacea and Entolasia stricta.

GLEf 2.7 Eucalyptus caliginosa-Acaciajloribunda-Poa spp. (l plot, CUR01; R=56)

Habitat and distribution: A single plot along a fairly steeply incised but low relief creek in the far northern section ofCurramore State Forest

Structure: Open forest with dense grassy ground cover. Small dense stands and scattered individuals oftall shrubs (up to 10 m) along creek bank.

Floristics: Overstorey dominated by E. caliginosa and E. dorrigoensis. Tall shrubs ofAcacia floribunda along creek banks, with Allocasuarina littoralis upslope. Ground cover Poa labillardieri. P. sieberiana, Carex longebrachiata, Lomandra longifolia and funGUS paucijlorus.

Comments: Probably fairly typical ofvegetation along creeks in areas ofsimilar topographic relief in other parts ofthe Management Area.

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen hmes Management Area, -87- Northern Region

Appendix 4. (cont.)

GLEf 2.8 Allocasuarina torulosa-Cymhopogon refractus (plots CUR04, GIB06, GIB 16, GLE04; R=42)

Habitat and distribution: Steep to very steep, often exposed slopes ofdeeply incised major valleys along the eastern escarpment, at altitudes below 950 m, in all ofthe escarpment forests.

Structure: Open forest or woodland, usually 20-25 m canopy height but occasionally to 30 m, often moderately dense subcanopy. Sparse shrubs and moderate to dense grassy ground cover.

Floristics: Overstorey ofvery variable composition, comprising communities GLEovl.l and GLEov1.2. E. biturbinata most common. Subcanopy ofAllocasuarina littoralis. Ground cover Cymhopogon refractus, Poa sieberiana, lmperata cylindrica, Desmodium varians, Dichelachne micrantha, with Themeda australis, Desmodium brachypodum and Aristida vagans locally common.

Comments: This community is very extensive on the steep slopes ofthe eastern escarpment and major valleys, exclusively associated with the dry escarpment forest group. There are similarities with the extensive plateau group GLEt2.l.

GLEf 2.9 Acaciajloribunda-Microlaena stipoides (plots CUR05, OAK02; R=82)

Habitat and distribution: The two plots both sample riparian vegetation but in different habitats. CUR05 is along a large creek in a very deeply incised valley. OAK02 samples a smaller creek in a minor valley on the plateau edge in Oakwood State Forest

Structure: Tall open forest, to 35 m, with either sparse or moderately dense shrub stratum and dense low grassy and herbaceous ground cover.

Floristics: Very disparate overstorey communities and shrub composition. Plot CUR05 is dominated by taIl Casuarina cunninghamiana and the robust vine Parsonsia straminea is common. Plot OAK02 is dominated by E. brunnea with subcanopy ofAcaciajloribunda and Allocasuarina littoralis. Ground cover Microlaena stipoides, Oplismenus imhecillus, Carex appressa, Cyperus imhecillus and Viola hederacea

Comments: Although with many ground cover species in common, these two plots are quite different in overstorey composition. Plot CUR05 is fairly typical ofthe vegetation along larger creeks at low altitudes in drier sites.

GLEf2.l0 Eucalyptus dalrympleana (swamp form)-Entolasia marginata (plot OAK04; R=37)

Habitat and distribution: Flat drainage depression in undulating topography in Oakwood State Forest.

Structure: Woodland with maximum height of25 m, a few scattered shrub thickets mostly 1-3 m tall and dense low grassy ground cover. Trees concentrated around the periphery ofan essentially treeless central area.

Floristics: Overstorey solely Eucalyptus dalrympleana (swamp form). Shrub layer non-existent except for small patches ofLeptospermum polygalijolium and eucalypt coppice shoots. Ground cover Entolasia marginata, Microlaena stipoides, Cyperus sphaeroideus, Haloragis heterophylla, Hypericum japonicum, Gonocarpus micranthus and Eragrostis leptostachya. Comments: Several similar areas occur in the same general vicinity on the gently undulating plateau of Oakwood and Glen Nevis State Forests. This community is heavily browsed.

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -88-

Appendix 4. (cont.)

GLEf 2.11 Acaciafilicifolia-Microlaena stipoides (plots TOR04, TOR05; R=36)

Habitat and distribution: Lower slopes and drainage depressions in undulating topography in the eastern part ofTorrington State Forest

Structure: Open forest or tall woodland (to 33 m), with sparse or moderately dense tall shrub understorey and sparse to moderately dense ground cover.

Floristics: Two overstorey types, GLEov 4 and GLEov 7.2, dominated by E. caliginosa x E. mckieana and E. dalrympleana respectively. Ground cover M. stipoides, Poa sp., Dichondra repens, Lomandra longifolia and Gnaphalium gymnocephalum.

Comments: The understorey is representative ofconsiderable areas ofthe eastern part ofTorrington State Forest. Overstorey composition is very variable.

3. Tableland heath forest

GLEf 3.1 E. caliginosa-Acacia obtusifolia (plot BR005; R=37)

Habitat and distribution: Gentle slope immediately adjacent to a swampy depression in undulating topography on granite in Brother State Forest

Structure: Woodland with maximum height 25 m and canopy cover about 10%. Dense shrub understorey, mostly less than 1.5 m with scattered taller shrubs and small trees of regenerating eucalypts.

Floristics: Overstorey E. caliginosa, E. campanulata, E. olida, E. radiata and E. cameronii. Dense low shrub layer ofAcacia obtusifolia, Banksia spinulosa, Dillwynia phylicoides, Petrophile pulchella, Monotoca scoparia and Boronia microphylla.

Comments: Typical ofmuch ofthe vegetation on undulating topography on granite along the southern section ofSprings Road in Brother State Forest. Eucalyptus olida was rare in the plot but is locally common in similar habitats elsewhere in the vicinity. The E. cameronii is a small-leaved fonn which shows some intergradation with E. ligustrina.

GLEf 3.2 Eucalyptus cameronii-Pomaderris lanigera (plotWAR01; R=46)

Habitat and distribution: Very rocky upper slope on granite, below the summit ofCrown Mountain, Warra State Forest. Exposed rock and granite tors frequent.

Structure: Open forest with a maximum height of22 m and canopy cover about 40%. Scattered eucalypt saplings and very dense shrub understorey up to 3 m tall.

Floristics: Overstorey E. cameronii and E. radiata with occasional E. acaciiformis in crevices of exposed rock. Shrubs Pomaderris lanigera, Dillwynia phylicoides, Pultenaea altissima, Hovea sp. A, Banksia cunninghamii. Ground cover Lepidosperma laterale, Platysace ericoides and Bossiaea scortechinii.

Comments: Only noted in the small area north ofCrown Mountain summit, in the vicinity ofthe sample plot. Elsewhere in forest along the higher ridges ofWarra State Forest the shrub stratum is less dense and ofdifferent composition, possibly due to more frequent fire.

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, -89- Northern Region

Appendix 4. (cont.)

GLEf 3.3 E. ligustrina-Leptospermum novae-angliae (plot BUTOI; R=44)

Habitat and distribution: A small area on skeletal soil over granite in Butterleaf State Forest

Structure: Woodland (max. ht23 m, canopy cover 25%) with dense low (mostly less than 1.5 m) heath understorey.

Floristics: Overstorey E. ligustrina, E. campanulata, E. obliqua, E. dalrympleana and E. acaciijormis. Common shrubs Leptospermum novae-angliae, Banksia cunninghamii, Pultenaea villosa. Common ground cover species Platysace ericoides, Entolasia stricta and Patersonia glabrata

Comments: A small area of several tens ofhectares around the sample plot is the only area ofthis community recorded in the Management Area.

GLEf 3.4 E. campanulata-Chionochloa pallida (plots ELG02, Gffi03; R=44)

Habitat and distribution: Ridges and slopes on granite in the Gibraltar Range area.

Structure: Open forest and woodland up to 30 m tall, with a mixed heath shrub «3 m tall) and grassy understorey.

Floristics: Overstorey E. campanulata and E. cameronii. Plot ELG02 has a very dense subcanopy of Allocasuarina littoralis, which is absent from plot Gffi03. Common shrubs Acaciajalcijormis, Lomatia silaijolia, A. obtusijolia and Banksia cunninghamii. Pultenaea juniperina var. mucronata is common in plot Gffi03 but absent from ELG03. Most common ground cover species Chionochloa pallida and Entolasia stricta.

Comments: Areas ofapparently similar vegetation are scattered through the western parts ofGibraltar Range State Forest Most, ifnot all areas have been previously logged, sometimes several times, but mostly at low intensity.

GLEf 3.5 Eucalyptus campanulata-Acacia myrtijolia (plot Gffi 10; R=35)

Habitat and distribution: Low rocky crest on granite in Gibraltar Range State Forest.

Structure: Woodland with maximum height 25 m and canopy cover 12%. Very dense low shrub understorey (up to 1 m) with scattered taller (to 6 m) shrubs.

Floristics: Overstorey E. campanulata and E. cameronii. Abundant understorey species are the small shrubs Acacia myrtijolia, Gonocarpus teucrioides and Acacia obtusijolia and the hem Patersonia glabrata. Taller shrubs Acacia jalcijormis, Lomatia silaijolia and Elaeocarpus reticulatus.

Comments: This plot is typical oflarge areas offairly homogeneous open forest and woodland on granite in the vicinity ofPotters Road in Gibraltar Range State Forest. Although the area generally has been logged, this community has remained largely undistutbed because oflow commercial timber volumes.

The sample plot had been burnt about 1-2 years previously. Other areas neatby which were not so recently burnt appeared to be ofsimilar composition but with a slightly taller understorey.

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -90-

Appendix 4. (cont.)

GLEf 3.6 E. campanulata-Leptospermum trinervium , (plot GIB14; R=29)

Habitat and distribution: Gentle slope on coarse granite in undulating topography, Gibraltar Range State Forest.

Structure: Woodland 23 m tall with moderately dense shrub layer up to 15 m and moderate ground cover.

Floristics: Overstorey E. campanulata and E. cameronii. Shrubs almost solely L. trinervium with only isolated individuals ofother species. Ground cover and low shrubs Acacia obtusifolia, Monotoca scoparia and Patersonia glabrata.

Comments: Apparently confined to fairly small areas on the plateau in the south-eastern part of Gibraltar Range State Forest. The sample plot had been burnt less than 12 months previously.

GLEf 3.7 Eucalyptus andrewsii-Aotus subglauca (plot TOROl; R=59)

Habitat and distribution: Low ridge crest on granite in Torrington State Forest. Scattered small granite tors.

Structure: Open forest with maximum canopy height 23 m, moderately dense low shrub and herb understorey, mostly below 1 m, and scattered taller shrubs.

Floristics: Overstorey dominated by E. andrewsii with occasional E. prava. Taller shrubs Leptospermum trinervium. Low shrub and ground layerA. subglauca, Caustis flexuosa.

Comments: ConfIDed to a small area at the western extremity ofTorrington State Forest. Not logged, but recently and probably regularly burnt. Probably fairly typical ofvery extensive areas ofadjacent Vacant Crown land to the west

GLEf 3.8 E. andrewsii-Daviesia latifolia (plot TOR03; R=44)

Habitat and distribution: Low ridge on granite in Torrington State Forest.

Structure: Low woodland with maximum height 20 m and moderately dense shrub understorey, mostly below 1.5m.

Floristics: E. andrewsii virtually sole dominant, with rare E. brunnea and E. stannicola (outside plot). Abundant low shrub and ground cover species D. latifolia, Pteridium esculentum and Chionochloa pal/ida. Boronia algida was locally prominent outside the plot but less common within

Comments: Typical offairly extensive areas on ridges and slopes in the central section ofTorrington State Forest. There are numerous ab~doned mine shafts in this area and it is subject to regular fire. At the time ofassessment the area ofthe plot had been recently burnt by a moderate to severe fire.

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, -91- Northern Region

Appendix 4. (cont.)

4. Wet sclerophyll fern forest (Tableland moist forest in part)

GLEf4.1 E. laevopinea-Acacia irrorata-Blechnum nudum (plots BROOl, BR002; R=54)

Habitat and distribution: Small area on gentle slope in Brother State Forest.

Structure: Tall open forest (up to 50 m canopy height) with moderately dense tall shrub stratum and dense to very dense fern ground cover.

F1oristics: E. laevopinea, E. brunnea and E. obliqua are variously dominant in the overstorey. The most abundant tall shrub is Acacia irrorata, with Cryptocarya rigida, Cyathea australis and Synoum glandulosum. Common ground cover species are Blechnum nudum and Oplismenus imbecillus, with Calochlaena dubia and Hypolepis glandulifera locally abundant.

Comments: This community is transitional in character between the widespread GLEf2.4 and the group 5 communities (wet sc1erophyll forest). Similar vegetation occurs elsewhere in Brother State Forest and in Gibraltar Range and London Bridge State Forest, often as a narrow zone upslope from group 5 communities. Plot BROOl is the heavily logged counterpart ofBR002. Although the floristic composition is similar, the structure ofBROOl has been converted to tall open woodland.

GLEf4.2 E. brunnea-Dicksonia antarctica (plot ELG04, R=60)

Habitat and distribution: Minor creek in undulating topography in Glen Elgin State Forest.

Structure: Tall open forest, canopy height up to 60 m. Sparse shrubs and small trees, mostly below 15 m. Dense to very dense fern ground cover, up to 1.5 m tall.

F1oristics: Overstorey E. brunnea and E. obliqua co-dominant. Small trees Cryptocaryafoveolata, Acacia melanoxylon and Notelaea venosa. Shrubs D. antarctica and Cyathea australis. Ground cover dominated by Hypolepis glandulifera and Calochlaena dubia.

Comments: Similarvegetation occurs along minor creeks elsewhere in the vicinity. The surrounding vegetation is open grassy forest which was heavily logged and silviculturally treated prior to 1960, but at least some ofthe areas along the creeks appear to have remained largely undisturbed by logging.

5. Wet sclerophyll forest (Escarpment moist forest, tableland moist forest)

GLEf5.1 Lophostemon confertus-Adiantumformosum (plots BR006, MITOl; R=63)

Habitat and distribution: Small patches on the eastern escarpment at low to mid altitudes. BR006 is on a gentle lower slope in a deeply incised valley, while M1TOl is a steep rocky gully.

Structure: Tall open forest, to 45 m, with moderately dense to dense mesophytic shrub layer and sparse fern ground cover. .

F1oristics: Lophostemon confertus dominant or as a subcanopy under taller E. saligna. Common shrubs, small trees and vines Diospyros australis, Rapanea howittiana, Parsonsia straminea and Cissus spp. Common ferns Adiantumformosum and Doodia aspera.

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -92-

Appendix 4. (cont.)

Comments: Apparently a restricted community which occurs as small fairly discrete patches. Both sample plots had an abrupt boundary, maintained by fire, with open grassy forest occurring immediately upslope.

GLEf 5.2 Eucalyptus microcorys-Cryptocarya rigida-Calochlaena dubia (plots GIB02,GIB07; R=6l) .-<

Habitat and distribution: Sheltered slopes at altitudes of800-950 m in Gibraltar Range State Forest.

Structure: Tall woodland up to 35 m, with dense tall mesophytic shrub understorey and sparse to moderately dense fern ground cover.

Floristics: Overstorey E. microcorys with either E. campanulata or Lophostemon confertus. Abundant tall shrubs or small trees Cryptocarya rigida and Synoum glandulosum. Common vines Cephalaralia cephalobotrys and Cissus spp. Calochlaena dubia dominates the ground stratum.

Comments: Both plots had been heavily logged at least 15 years previously, hence the woodland structure. This community apparently occurs only in Gibraltar Range State Forest.

GLEf 5.3 Eucalyptus laevopinea-Synoum glandulosum-Blechnum cartilagineum (plots LON03, LON04, LON06; R=6l)

Habitat and distribution: Sheltered slopes on south-east to south-west aspects, at altitudes 940-980 m on metasediments, in London Bridge State Forest. r Structure: Tall open forest up to 55 m, with dense tall shrub and small tree stratum up to 15 m and very sparse to mid-dense fern ground cover.

Floristics: Overstorey mostly E. laevopinea and E. microcorys (GLEovl1.2) but plot LON04 is unusual in sampling a small patch dominated by Lophostemon confertus. Dense shrub/small tree stratum dominated by Synoum glandulosum and Trochocarpa laurina, with Caldcluvia paniculosa, Eupomatia laurina and Rhodamnia rubescens less abundant. The vine Cephalaralia cephalobotrys is usually common. Blechnum catilagineum clearly dominates the ground cover, with Calochlaena dubia and Lastreopsis decomposita sometimes locally abundant and Doodia aspera and Lomandra spicata frequent but less abundant.

Comments: There are considerable areas ofthis community in the eastern halfofLondon Bridge State Forest. Areas ofsimilar vegetation were observed but not sampled in Gibraltar Range State Forest and small areas may occur in Brother State Forest, but this community apparently does not occur elsewhere in the Management Area.

6. Subtropical/warm temperate rainforest

GLEf 6.1 Doryphora sassafras-Pteris umbrosa ( (plot CUR07; R=36)

Habitat and distribution: Steeply incised minor creek on metasediment in Curramore State Forest.

Structure: Closed forest, canopy mostly below 30 m with occasional taller trees to 45 m. Sparse small trees and shrubs and very dense fern ground cover.

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area. -93- • Northern Region

Appendix 4. (cont.)

Floristics: D. sassafras dominant in the overstorey with occasional tall Sloanea woollsii and less tall Orites excelsa. Very mixed shrub stratum with Dicksonia antarctica probably most common. Ground cover Pteris umbrosa, Lomandra spicata, Blechnum patersonii and Lastreopsis munita.

Comments: No other stands with this understorey type were noted, although it is clearly related to other areas ofrainforest (overstorey community 15.3), and similar stands dominated by D. sassafras have been recorded from Butterleaf State Forest (Floyd, 1990).

GLEf 6.2 Pennantia cunninghamii-Pteris umbrosa (plot CUR09; R=51)

Habitat and distribution: Very steep rocky minor gully, Curramore State Forest.

Structure: Low closed forest, uneven canopy with numerous gaps and dense vine thickets, with mostly sparse ground layer.

Floristics: Canopy P. cunninghamii, Ficus coronata, Streblus brunonianus, Baloghia lucida, with dense vine thickets ofCissus antarctica and C. hypoglauca. Ground cover mainly P. umbrosa.

Comments: Broadly similar vegetation was noted in many minor gullies and steeply sloping creeks draining the escarpment in Curramore, Gibraltar Range and Brother State Forests.

GLEf 6.3 Caldcluvia paniculosa-Tasmannia insipida-Lastreopsis microsora (plots GIB08, GIB11, GIBI2, GIBI5, GIBI8, LON08; R=53)

Habitat and distribution: Lower slopes and gullies with east to south-west aspects at altitudes 940 1060 m. Mostly on metasediments, occasionally granite.

Structure: Closed forest or low closed forest with scattered taller trees. Tallest trees up to 45 m, but most ofthe canopy often lower, down to 15 m. Vines sometimes abundant. Shrubs below 15 m mostly sparse, with sparse to virtually non-existent ground cover.

Floristics: Overstorey usually Caldcluvia paniculosa and Schizomeria ovata with Sloanea woollsii often locally dominant. Other common tree species include Pennantia cunninghamii and Polyosma cunninghamii. Shrubs Tasmannia insipida and vines Palmeria scandens, Morinda jasminoides and Cissus hypoglauca. Common ground cover species include Lastreopsis microsora, Lomandra spicata and Blechnum cartilagineum.

Comments: Fairly extensive areas on sheltered sites in Gibraltar Range State Forest and limited areas in Brother State Forest, London Bridge State Forest and possibly Curramore State Forest, but apparently absent from other forests.

7. Dry rainforest

GLEf7.1 Backhousia myrtifolia-Alyxia ruscijolia-Lomandra hystrix (plots GIB05, GLE02; R=72)

Habitat and distribution: Occurs as narrow bands on rocky, usually steep, areas along deeply incised creeks at low to moderate altitudes (below 850 m), in Gibraltar Range and the Oakwood group of forests.

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales .------

Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -94-

Appendix 4. (cont.)

Structure: Low closed forest, canopy height usually less than 15 m, with sparse 10 moderate shrub layer and sparse ground cover except for occasional dense patches along the creek bed.

Floristics: Backhousia myrtijolia clearly dominant. Other common trees include Alectryon subcinereus and Ficus coronata. Olea paniculata is an occasional emergent. Dense thickets ofthe vine Cissus antarctica may occur locally. Small shrubs Alyxia ruscifolia and Denhamia celastroides. , The graminoid Lomandra hystrix occurs as occasional dense stands along the creek bed. Other herbs ',( include Adiantum hispidl!-lum, Aneilema acuminatum, Plectranthus parviflorus and Pseuderanthemum variabile.

Comments: This floristically rich community is widespread along many ofthe creeks draining the escarpment. It invariably occurs as a narrow band, often less than 50 m wide and although wide spread, the total area is relatively small. This community grades into those ofgroup GLEf6 on more sheltered sites, especially at higher altitudes.

GLEf 7.2 Backhousia sciadophora-Tetrastigma nitens (plotGLE03;R=48)

Habitat and distribution: Very steep, very rocky lower slope above deeply incised creek in Glen Nevis State Forest.

Structure: Low closed forest with sparse shrub and very sparse ground layer. Epiphytes common and conspicuous.

Floristics: Overstorey B. sciadophora, B. myrtifolia, Ficus superba var. henneana, Olea paniculata. The vine Tetrastigma nitens is abundant through the canopy and often fonns very dense thickets. Epiphytes Dendrobium tarberi, D. schoeninum, Bulbophyllum shepherdii, and Plectorhiza tridentata.

Comments: The sampled stand was the only one noted, but other small patches ofrainforest on steep slopes in the gorges in the Oakwood-Glen Nevis area may be of similar composition.

8. Sedgeland and wet heath

.GLEf 8.1 Lepidosperma limicola (plot BR007; R=20)

Habitat and distribution: Poorly drained slope on coarse-grained granite in undulating topography, Brother State Forest.

Structure: Closed sedgeland with scattered shrubs.

Floristics: L. limicola and Ptilanthelium deustum dominant. Shrubs Banksia cunninghamii, Baeckea sp. C and Callistemon citrinus.

Comments: Broadly similar vegetation occurs in several fairly extensive swamps in the same general area in the vicinity ofSprings Road in Brother State Forest. In these areas, shrubs may be locally common and Leptospermum arachnoides sometimes fonns localised thickets.

GLEf 8.2 Leptospermum gregarium-Baeckea sp. C (plots CURll, WAR07; R=49)

Habitat and distribution: Poorly drained slopes on coarse granite, Warra State Forest and Curramore State Forest.

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, -95- Northern Region

Appendix 4. (cont.)

Structure: Closed wet heath and sedgeland mosaic, with isolated eucalypt emergents.

Floristics: Common shrubs L. gregarium, Baeckea sp. C, Epacris microphylla and in Curramore State Forest, Leptospermum arachnoideum. Graminoids ofmixed and variable composition. The dominant species in CURl I are ?Baumea rubiginosa, Lepyrodia anarthria, and Rhynchospora brownii while RestioJimbriatus is the most common in Warra State Forest.

. Comments: Representative ofthe extensive swamps in Warra State Forest.

GLEf 8.3 Leptospermum polygalijolium-Baeckea sp. C (plot GIB09; R=48)

Habitat and distribution: Swampy creek flat on coarse granite, Gibraltar Range State Forest.

Structure: Dense shrubland up to 3 m tall with eucalypt emergents.

Floristics: Emergents E. campanulata. Dominant shrubs L. polygalijolium, with less tall B. sp. C and Callistemon citrinus. Very mixed ground layer ofsedges and other graminoids.

Comments: Representative ofseveral small swamps in the same area. The L. polygalijolium is atypical, showing intergradation with L. gregarium, and may be ofhybrid origin. This community is very similar to 8.2 above.

, "1

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, Northern Region -96-

Appendix 5. Briefdescriptions ofvegetation map units (Forest Types, Forestry Commission of New South Wales, 1989) as they occur in the Glen Innes Management Area, from plot data and general observations.

2,2/3 Subtropical/wann temperate rainforest. A closed forest, often tall (up to 45 m), with variable 'canopy composition, but most commonly including Schizomeria ovata, Caldcluvia paniculosa and Sloanea woollsii. Although type 2/3 is nominally subtropical rainforest, in the survey area there is a strong wann temperate influence from the high altitude occurrence and it is best regarded as transitional in composition. '.,

11/12 Wann temperate rainforest. Closed forest usually dominated by Ceratopetalum apetalum and Doryphora sassafras. The relative abundance ofthese two species varies on a scale of 0.1-1 hectare and either may be locally sole canopy dominant.

23/26 Subtropical/Wann temperate rainforest. Similar to 2/3, but usually occurring on marginal (drier and/or steeper) sites and less structurally well-developed, with lower, very uneven canopy and many gaps. Floristic composition similar, but the canopy often more diverse, with species such as Pennantia cunninghamii, Citronella moorei and Callicoma serratifolia relatively more prominent.

47,47a Tall open forest with dense tall understorey or subcanopy ofmesophytic shrubs and trees. Nominally E. saligna-E. microcorys, and stands in Gibraltar Range State Forest appear to match this composition reasonably well, although Lophostemon confertus may be locally dominant over small areas. In Brother and London Bridge State Forests overstorey composition is variable but usually includes a significant component ofE. campanulata or E. laevopinea, the latter often dominant, reflecting the higher altitude ofthe occurrence ofthis type in the Management Area relative to its more widespread occurrence elsewhere along the escarpment.

53 A well defined unit oflimited extent, mostly clearly dominated by L. confertus and usually as discrete small patches. Understorey is usually a well-developed stratum ofmesophytic shrubs and small trees.

62,62b This is a very variable map unit which appears to partly relate to vegetation structure. Itincludes patches ofvery disparate vegetation which are generally too small «1 ha) to map separately. These comprise various shrub communities on rock outcrops and rainforest patches in gullies, described in more detail in Appendix 4. On the steep slopes ofthe eastern escarpment and deeply incised valleys, this type is an open forest or woodland oftypical "dry hardwood" species such as E. biturbinata, E. carnea, E. eugenioides and E. tereticornis, with a grassy understorey and often a subcanopy ofAllocasuarina spp. On extreme sites, which are very steep and/or rocky, it grades into a woodland ofE. tereticornis, E. melliodora and other species. On the Gibraltar Range plateau, this unit is low canopy forest or woodland ofE. campanulata, often with sclerophyll shrub or heath understorey, and would best be mapped as low site quality type 163. l22,122a,122b This variable unit includes a range oftypes. In Warra State Forest, E. caliginosa is usually dominant, associated with E. obliqua, E. dalrympleana orE. radiata. The latter may be locally abundant on a small scale. In Brother State Forest, this type represents a structural variant of E. campanulata oflow canopy height, with E. cameronii and E. radiata. E. olida is locally common around treeless depressions. In the Oakwood group ofState Forests, this unit frequently represents stands ofvariable floristic composition, often including E. caliginosa and E. dorrigoensis, which appear to be young stands of regrowth resulting from past clearing for pastural purposes.

152 Open forest ofE. obliqua with E. campanulata, usually with E. brunnea or less commonly, E. saligna as a minor component. On a scale of0.1 ha, any ofthese species may be locally more common oreven dominant, and the distinction between this unit and 163a is often not clear. There is typically a grassy understorey ofPoa sieberiana and shrubs are absent or sparse.

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 23 Flora Survey, Glen Innes Management Area, -97- Northern Region

Appendix 5. (cont.)

161,161a Open forest usually dominated by gum barked species, Commonly a mixture of E. saligna and E. brunnea, but other species such as E. dorrigoensis, E. amplijolia, E. dalrympleana or E. viminalis may be locally common. On a small scale, some stands may be dominated by E. laevopinea orE. obliqua.

163,163a,163b A very extensive unit, mostly consisting ofopen grassy forest dominated by E. campanulata, with common associates being E. cameronii, E. obliqua, E. brunnea, E. laevopinea and E. saligna. AlthoughE. campanulata is by far the most common dominant, any ofthese associate species may be locally dominant on a scale of0.1-1 ha. Extensive areas with a dense ground cover of Calochlaena dubia occur on moister ormore sheltered sites.

168 Although defined in the Management Plan as E. laevopinea-E. cameronii, all areas sampled or inspected were dominated by E. campanulata rather than E. laevopinea, with associates E. cameronii, E. obliqua orE. brunnea.

167,169 Defined in the Management Plan as E. laevopinea with E. saligna orE. deanei (=E. brunnea). This appears to represent the higher site quality (moister, more fertile) version oftype 168. It is variable in overstorey composition and sometimes includes either E. campanulata or E. obliqua as dominants. E. microcorys is a common associate on more sheltered sites, such as the eastern parts ofLondon Bridge State Forest, where there is often also a dense mesophytic tall shrub or small tree understorey.

231 A structurally well-defined but floristically variable unit, normally consisting ofa mosaic ofsedgeland, wet heath and shrubland.

U A composite unit on steep to precipitous slopes ofthe escarpment and associated deeply incised valleys. By far the majority ofthe area mapped as this unit is grassy open forest or woodland, ofessentially similar composition to that described above for escarpment areas ofmap unit 62, grading into E. campanulata-dominated open forest at higher altitudes near the tableland edge. This unit includes small areas ofshrubland on rock outcrops and patches of rainforest (communities of group GLEn). The latter are usually restricted to narrow bands along creeks and gullies, or steep rocky lower slopes which have some topographic protection from fire.

Forest Resources Series No. 23 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales