Program of the 34Th Annual Meeting of the Society of Ethnobiology
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Maya Knowledge and "Science Wars"
Journal of Ethnobiology 20(2); 129-158 Winter 2000 MAYA KNOWLEDGE AND "SCIENCE WARS" E. N. ANDERSON Department ofAnthropology University ofCalifornia, Riverside Riverside, CA 92521~0418 ABSTRACT.-Knowledge is socially constructed, yet humans succeed in knowing a great deal about their environments. Recent debates over the nature of "science" involve extreme positions, from claims that allscience is arbitrary to claims that science is somehow a privileged body of truth. Something may be learned by considering the biological knowledge of a very different culture with a long record of high civilization. Yucatec Maya cthnobiology agrees with contemporary international biological science in many respects, almost all of them highly specific, pragmatic and observational. It differs in many other respects, most of them highly inferential and cosmological. One may tentatively conclude that common observation of everyday matters is more directly affected by interaction with the nonhuman environment than is abstract deductive reasoning. but that social factors operate at all levels. Key words: Yucatec Maya, ethnoornithology, science wars, philosophy ofscience, Yucatan Peninsula RESUMEN.-EI EI conocimiento es una construcci6n social, pero los humanos pueden aprender mucho ce sus alrededores. Discursos recientes sobre "ciencia" incluyen posiciones extremos; algunos proponen que "ciencia" es arbitrario, otros proponen que "ciencia" es verdad absoluto. Seria posible conocer mucho si investiguemos el conocimiento biol6gico de una cultura, muy difcrente, con una historia larga de alta civilizaci6n. EI conodrniento etnobiol6gico de los Yucatecos conformc, mas 0 menos, con la sciencia contemporanea internacional, especial mente en detallas dcrivadas de la experiencia pragmatica. Pero, el es deferente en otros respectos-Ios que derivan de cosmovisi6n 0 de inferencia logical. -
HAPARANDA MINISTERIAL DECLARATION on CIRCUMBOREAL COOPERATION on FORESTS Adopted at Haparanda, Sweden on June 26Th, 2018
HAPARANDA MINISTERIAL DECLARATION ON CIRCUMBOREAL COOPERATION ON FORESTS Adopted at Haparanda, Sweden on June 26th, 2018 We, the Ministers responsible for forests and their high-level representatives, from the circumboreal countries of Canada, Finland, Norway, Sweden, the Russian Federation and the United States of America, Noting that boreal forests grow in high-latitude environments in our respective countries, and that the boreal domain represents about 30% of the global forest area; Highlighting that boreal forests are important sources of renewable goods and services, and serve as habitat for a unique and vulnerable collection of biodiversity; Acknowledging that, in addition to local communities relying on the forest sector, boreal forests are home to many indigenous peoples who possess traditional knowledge and rely on forests to provide resources for their livelihoods, income, and cultural and spiritual values; Reiterating that countries in the circumboreal region are committed to sustainable forest management and report voluntarily on the environmental, social and economic status of their forests according to the criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management under the Montréal Process or Forest Europe; Recognizing that sustainable forest management in the circumboreal region can play a critical role in achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its Sustainable Development Goals, as well as contribute to the implementation of other international outcomes including, as applicable, the Paris Agreement, -
ISE Newsletter, Volume 1 Issue 2, Without Photos
Volume 1, Issue 2 June 2009 INSIDE THIS ISSUE: ISE’S 1ST ASIAN 2 THE ISE’S FIRST ASIAN CONFERENCE OF ETHNOBIOLOGY CONFERENCE TAIWAN, 21-29 OCTOBER 2009 Profile: Dr. Yih-Ren 3 During the 11th International In order to demonstrate the Resource Management Profile: RECAP 4 Congress of Ethnobiology in unique and diverse cultural 3. Natural Disaster Zones UPDATES ON ISE 4 Peru, the idea of an Asian characteristics of the area, and and Environmental ACTIVITIES regional conference was therefore the topic of “Sacred Mastery posited. When Dr. Yih-Ren Places”, which bears great 4. Local Indigenous Scientific Re-Evisioning Activity 4 Lin, Director of the Research local representation, was Education Global Coalition and 5 Centre for Austronesian chosen as an entrance point Ethics Committee Peoples at Providence into this conference. In order 5. Indigenous Policies and University, was elected as the to reflect the commitment to Biological/Cultural Ethics Toolkit 6 Asian Representative for ISE, research ethics and explore Diversity Conservation 2009-2011 Darrell 7 he was encouraged to hold the academic and practical 6. Traditional Ecological Posey Fellowship the First Asian Conference of dialectical spirit in this Recipients Knowledge Ethnobiology (FACE; www.ise- interdisciplinary field, the topic 7. Indigenous Area Reports: 2006-2008 8 asia.org). of participatory research Research and Research Darrell Posey Small The aim of this conference is methodology was specifically Methodology added. CONFERENCE 10 to address topics that have 8. Religion and Indigenous been long-term priorities for The focus of the ISE FACE is REPORTS Sacred Spaces the ISE that also relate to the “The Position of Indigenous Snowchange 10 portrayal of Indigenous culture Peoples, Sacred Places and 9. -
Thinking About the Human Bias in Our Ecological Analyses for Biodiversity Conservation Sérgio De Faria Lopes1,*
REVIEW Ethnobiology and Conservation 2017, 6:14 (18 August 2017) doi:10.15451/ec2017086.14124 ISSN 22384782 ethnobioconservation.com The other side of Ecology: thinking about the human bias in our ecological analyses for biodiversity conservation Sérgio de Faria Lopes1,* ABSTRACT Ecology as a science emerged within a classic Cartesian positivist context, in which relationships should be understood by the division of knowledge and its subsequent generalization. Overtime, ecology has addressed many questions, from the processes that lead to the origin and maintenance of life to modern theories of trophic webs and non equilibrium. However, the ecological models and ecosystem theories used in the field of ecology have had difficulty integrating man into analysis, although humans have emerged as a global force that is transforming the entirety of planet. In this sense, currently, advances in the field of the ecology that develop outside of research centers is under the spotlight for social, political, economic and environmental goals, mainly due the environmental crisis resulting from overexploitation of natural resources and habitat fragmentation. Herein a brief historical review of ecology as science and humankind’s relationship with nature is presented, with the objective of assessing the impartiality and neutrality of scientific research and new possibilities of understanding and consolidating knowledge, specifically local ecological knowledge. Moreover, and in a contemporary way, the human being presence in environmental relationships, both as a study object, as well as an observer, proposer of interpretation routes and discussion, requires new possibilities. Among these proposals, the human bias in studies of the biodiversity conservation emerges as the other side of ecology, integrating scientific knowledge with local ecological knowledge and converging with the idea of complexity in the relationships of humans with the environment. -
Bio 308-Course Guide
COURSE GUIDE BIO 308 BIOGEOGRAPHY Course Team Dr. Kelechi L. Njoku (Course Developer/Writer) Professor A. Adebanjo (Programme Leader)- NOUN Abiodun E. Adams (Course Coordinator)-NOUN NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA BIO 308 COURSE GUIDE National Open University of Nigeria Headquarters 14/16 Ahmadu Bello Way Victoria Island Lagos Abuja Office No. 5 Dar es Salaam Street Off Aminu Kano Crescent Wuse II, Abuja e-mail: [email protected] URL: www.nou.edu.ng Published by National Open University of Nigeria Printed 2013 ISBN: 978-058-434-X All Rights Reserved Printed by: ii BIO 308 COURSE GUIDE CONTENTS PAGE Introduction ……………………………………......................... iv What you will Learn from this Course …………………............ iv Course Aims ……………………………………………............ iv Course Objectives …………………………………………....... iv Working through this Course …………………………….......... v Course Materials ………………………………………….......... v Study Units ………………………………………………......... v Textbooks and References ………………………………........... vi Assessment ……………………………………………….......... vi End of Course Examination and Grading..................................... vi Course Marking Scheme................................................................ vii Presentation Schedule.................................................................... vii Tutor-Marked Assignment ……………………………….......... vii Tutors and Tutorials....................................................................... viii iii BIO 308 COURSE GUIDE INTRODUCTION BIO 308: Biogeography is a one-semester, 2 credit- hour course in Biology. It is a 300 level, second semester undergraduate course offered to students admitted in the School of Science and Technology, School of Education who are offering Biology or related programmes. The course guide tells you briefly what the course is all about, what course materials you will be using and how you can work your way through these materials. It gives you some guidance on your Tutor- Marked Assignments. There are Self-Assessment Exercises within the body of a unit and/or at the end of each unit. -
The Lichen Flora of Gunib Plateau, Inner-Mountain Dagestan (North-East Caucasus, Russia)
Turkish Journal of Botany Turk J Bot (2013) 37: 753-768 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/botany/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/bot-1205-4 The lichen flora of Gunib plateau, inner-mountain Dagestan (North-East Caucasus, Russia) 1, 2 Gennadii URBANAVICHUS * , Aziz ISMAILOV 1 Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems, Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Murmansk Region, Russia 2 Mountain Botanical Garden, Dagestan Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, Russia Received: 02.05.2012 Accepted: 15.03.2013 Published Online: 02.07.2013 Printed: 02.08.2013 Abstract: As a result of lichenological exploration of the Gunib plateau in the Republic of Dagestan (North-East Caucasus, Russia), we report 402 species of lichenised, 37 lichenicolous, and 7 nonlichenised fungi representing 151 genera. Nineteen species are recorded for the first time for Russia: Abrothallus chrysanthus J.Steiner, Abrothallus microspermus Tul., Caloplaca albopruinosa (Arnold) H.Olivier, Candelariella plumbea Poelt & Vězda, Candelariella rhodax Poelt & Vězda, Cladonia firma (Nyl.) Nyl., Halospora deminuta (Arnold) Tomas. & Cif., Halospora discrepans (J.Lahm ex Arnold) Hafellner, Lichenostigma epipolina Nav.-Ros., Calat. & Hafellner, Milospium graphideorum (Nyl.) D.Hawksw., Mycomicrothelia atlantica D.Hawksw. & Coppins, Parabagliettoa cyanea (A.Massal.) Gueidan & Cl.Roux, Placynthium garovaglioi (A.Massal.) Malme, Polyblastia dermatodes A.Massal., Rusavskia digitata (S.Y.Kondr.) S.Y.Kondr. & Kärnefelt, Squamarina stella-petraea Poelt, Staurothele elenkinii Oxner, Toninia nordlandica Th.Fr., and Verrucaria endocarpoides Servít. In addition, 71 taxa are new records for the Caucasus and 15 are new to Asia. Key words: Lichens, lichenicolous fungi, biodiversity, Gunib plateau, limestone, Dagestan, Caucasus, Russia 1. -
Final Environmental and Social Assessment Report (ESAR) and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for Rehabilitation of Part of Th
Environmental and Social Assessment Report for Rehabilitation of part of the state road R2343 (old mark R-502), section Delchevo – Golak PUBLIC ENTERPRISE FOR STATE ROADS Republic of Macedonia Final Environmental and Social Assessment Report (ESAR) and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for Rehabilitation of part of the state road R2343 (old mark R-502), section Delchevo – Golak - Final draft before disclosure - April 2015 1 Environmental and Social Assessment Report for Rehabilitation of part of the state road R2343 (old mark R-502), section Delchevo – Golak Contents 1. Executive Summary and Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 3 2. Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework ............................................................................................ 3 3. Project Description ........................................................................................................................................ 6 3.1. Location of the project ......................................................................................................................... 6 4. Envionmental and Social Baseline data .................................................................................................. 14 4.1. Geological composition, hydrogeology and pedology .................................................................. 14 4.2. Climate and Meteorology ................................................................................................................. -
Indigenous Peoples in Costa Rica and El Diquís Hydroelectric Project
The Department of International Environment and Development Studies (Noragric), is the international gateway for the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB), which consists of eight departments, associated research institutions and the Norwegian College of Veterinary Medicine in Oslo. Established in 1986, Noragric’s contribution to international development lies in the interface between research, education (Bachelor, Master and PhD programmes) and assignments. The Noragric Master thesis is the final thesis submitted by the students in order to fulfill the requirements under the Noragric Master programme “Development Studies”, “International Environmental Studies” and other Masters programme. The findings in this thesis do not necessarily reflect the views of Noragric. Extracts from this publication may only be reproduced after prior consultation with the author and on the condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation contact Noragric. © Kari Vaage, August 2011 [email protected] Department of International Environment and Development (Noragric) P.O. Box 5003 N-1432 Ås Norway¨ Tel.: +47 64 96 52 00 Fax: +47 64 96 52 01 Internet: http://www.umb.no/noragric Declaration I, Kari Vaage, declare that this thesis is a result of my research investigations and findings. Sources of information other than my own have been acknowledged and reference list has been appended. This work has not been previously submitted to any other university for award of any type of academic degree. Signature………………………………..……………. Place & Date………………………………………… 2 Acknowledgements Finally, here it is. Along the journey I have travelled with this thesis I have spent time with so many wonderful people. My warmest thanks to Josè Carlos, his family and their organization Kus Kura, I admire the work you are doing very much and wish you all the best for the future. -
Euphorbiaceae)
Polish Botanical Journal 60(2): 147–161, 2015 DOI: 10.1515/pbj-2015-0024 PHYTOGEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF EUPHORBIA SUBGENUS ESULA (EUPHORBIACEAE) Dmitry V. Geltman Abstract. Euphorbia subg. Esula is one of four major clades within the genus. A geographical analysis of the 466 species in the subgenus is reported here. Every species was assigned to one of 29 geographical elements clustered in ten groups of ele- ments. This geographical analysis showed that the Tethyan group (comprising nine geographical elements) clearly dominates the subgenus and contains 260 species (55.79% of the total number of species). The most numerous geographical elements are Irano-Turanian (105 species) and Mediterranean (85). Other significant groups of elements are Boreal (91 species, 19.54%), East Asian (40 species, 8.58%), Madrean (26 species, 5.58%), Paleotropical (23 species, 4.94%) and South African (16 species, 3.43%). The area of the Tethyan floristic subkingdom is the center of the modern diversity of E. subg. Esula. It is likely that such diversity is the result of intensive speciation that took place during the Eocene–Miocene. Key words: Euphorbia subg. Esula, geographical elements, Irano-Turanian floristic region, Mediterranean floristic region, phytogeographical analysis, Tethyan floristic subkingdom Dmitry V. Geltman, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov Street, 2, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia; e-mail: [email protected] Introduction genus euphorbia and its taxonomy cantly differ from traditional ones. For subgenus Esula (Riina et al. 2013), 21 sections were ac- The giant genus Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae) re- cepted on the basis of analyses of the combined cently became a subject of detailed phylogenetic and ITS + ndhF dataset (Fig. -
Language Choice Motivations in a Bribri Community in Costa Rica Janet Blackwood Andrews University
Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Faculty Publications English 5-2013 Language Choice Motivations in a Bribri Community in Costa Rica Janet Blackwood Andrews University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/english-pubs Part of the Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education Commons Recommended Citation Blackwood, Janet, "Language Choice Motivations in a Bribri Community in Costa Rica" (2013). Faculty Publications. 2. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/english-pubs/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the English at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Language Choice Motivations in a Bribri Community in Costa Rica Janet Blackwood Abstract A growing body of research has been undertaken in a variety of contexts worldwide to explore language preference and use as well as the attitudes and beliefs that may impact the maintenance and revitalization of endangered languages. There has also been considerable examination of the motivations that impact second language learning and the choices speakers make regarding second language learning and use. However this research has rarely extended to exploring the motivations influencing language choices in contexts where one of the languages is an endangered mother‐tongue language. Analyzing a portion of the data gathered from a larger study on language attitudes and practices, this study explores the language choices of members of an indigenous community in Costa Rica and the motivations that appear to influence those choices. An analysis is also made of the relationship between the language choice motivations that are present and current indigenous language revitalization efforts in the community. -
Phylogeny, Biogeography, and Morphological Ancestral Character Reconstruction in the Mediterranean Genus Fumana (Cistaceae)
Journal of Systematics JSE and Evolution doi: 10.1111/jse.12562 Research Article Phylogeny, biogeography, and morphological ancestral character reconstruction in the Mediterranean genus Fumana (Cistaceae) † † Elena Carrió1 * , Meike Engelbrecht2 , Patricio García‐Fayos2 , and Jaime Güemes3 1Departamento Biotecnología‐Biología Vegetal, E.T.S. de Ingeniería Agrónomica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain 2Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CIDE) ‐ (CSIC‐UV‐GV), Carretera Moncada ‐ Náquera, Km. 4.5, Moncada, Valencia 46113, Spain 3Jardín Botánic, Universidad de Valencia, Quart 80, Valencia 46008, Spain † These authors contributed equally to this work. *Author for correspondence. E‐mail: [email protected]; Tel.: 34‐91‐06‐70841. Received 9 July 2018; Accepted 22 December 2019; Article first published online 31 December 2019 Abstract Fumana is a diverse genus of the Cistaceae family, consisting of 21 currently accepted species. In this study, nuclear (ITS) and plastid (matK, trnT‐L) molecular markers were used to reconstruct the phylogeny and to estimate divergence times, including 19 species of Fumana. Phylogenetic analyses (Bayesian Inference, Maximum Parsimony and Maximum Likelihood) confirmed the monophyly of Fumana and did not support the infrageneric divisions previously established. The results support four main clades that group species that differ in vegetative and reproductive characters. Given the impossibility to define morphological characters common to all species within the clades, our proposal is to reject infrageneric divisions. Molecular dating and ancestral area analyses provide evidence for a Miocene diversification of the genus in the north‐western Mediterranean. Ancestral state reconstructions revealed ancestral character states for some traits related to xeric and arid habitats, suggesting a preadaptation to the Mediterranean climate. -
Enhancing Work on Boreal and Temperate Forests
June 2018 FO:COFO/2018/6.4 E COMMITTEE ON FORESTRY TWENTY-FOURTH SESSION Rome, 16 - 20 July 2018 ENHANCING WORK ON BOREAL AND TEMPERATE FORESTS Note by the Secretariat I. INTRODUCTION 1. In 2014, the FAO Committee on Forestry (COFO) requested FAO to “scale up its support to countries on boreal forests, (…) address the specificities of boreal forests in the normative and field work of FAO, especially those related to forest protection, forest fires, wildlife management and carbon monitoring; continue exploring further possibilities for enhancing interdisciplinary work on boreal forests”.1 In 2016, this COFO mandate was extended to also include temperate forests. The 23rd Session of COFO specifically requested FAO to: “strengthen its work in the area of boreal and temperate forests, taking into account their contribution to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including combating climate change and enhancing food security and nutrition” and to “ explore further options in this regard, such as, inter alia, participation in existing initiatives, bodies and processes and the establishment of a dedicated working group of COFO, and to present a detailed document with concrete proposals on that issue to its next session in 2018 under a separate agenda item”.2 When considering the outcomes of the 23rd Session of COFO the 40th FAO Conference in 2017 “requested FAO to strengthen its work in the area of boreal and temperate forests, taking into account their contribution to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including combating climate change and enhancing food security and nutrition”.3 2. In response to the requests, FAO prepared a detailed document on the significance, challenges and opportunities of boreal forests, existing initiatives and potential for strengthening FAO’s work4, which was discussed at the 39th Session of the European Forestry Commission and at the 29th Session of the North American Forest Commission in 2017.