DOCSLIB.ORG

EBRD Strategy for FYR Macedonia 2010

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

DOCUMENT OF THE EUROPEAN BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA 2010 - 2013 As approved by the Board of Directors at its meeting on 23 February 2010. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS................................................................................................... 4 I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................ 6 II. COUNTRY STRATEGY .................................................................................. 9 1. THE BANK’S PORTFOLIO ............................................................................... 9 1.1. Overview of Activities to Date ............................................................................ 9 1.2. Implementation of the Bank’s Strategy to Date................................................. 10 1.3. Transition Impact and Lessons Learned ............................................................ 11 1.3.1. Enterprise Sector................................................................................................. 12 1.3.2. Financial Sector.................................................................................................. 12 1.3.3. Infrastructure ...................................................................................................... 12 1.3.4. Technical Cooperation........................................................................................ 13 1.4. Portfolio Ratio and Quality................................................................................. 13 2. OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT.................................................................. 13 2.1. The General Reform Environment..................................................................... 13 2.1.1. Political Developments ....................................................................................... 13 2.1.2. Business Environment......................................................................................... 14 2.1.3. Social and Labour Issues .................................................................................... 15 2.1.4. Environmental Issues .......................................................................................... 15 2.1.5. Legal Reform....................................................................................................... 16 2.2. Progress in the Transition and the Economy’s Response .................................. 17 2.2.1. Macroeconomic Conditions Relevant for Bank’s Operations ............................ 17 2.2.2 Transition Success and Transition Challenges................................................... 18 2.3. Access to Capital................................................................................................ 21 3. STRATEGIC ORIENTATIONS........................................................................ 21 3.1. Bank’s Priorities for the Strategy Period ........................................................... 21 3.2. Sector Challenges and Bank’s Objectives ........................................................ 22 3.2.1. Enterprise Sector................................................................................................. 22 3.2.2. Financial Sector.................................................................................................. 23 3.2.3. Infrastructure and Energy................................................................................... 24 3.2.4. Policy Dialogue................................................................................................... 26 4. COOPERATION WITH DONORS AND OTHER IFIS .................................... 26 2 III. ANNEXES......................................................................................................... 28 ANNEX 1: POLITICAL ASSESSMENT............................................................................. 28 ANNEX 2: COMMERCIAL LAWS OF FYR MACEDONIA............................................. 32 ANNEX 3: TRANSITION CHALLENGES......................................................................... 38 ANNEX 4: SELECTED MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS.......................................... 43 ANNEX 5: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES.................................................... 44 ANNEX 6: BANK’S TECHNICAL COOPERATION PROJECTS 2006 – 2009 ................ 55 ANNEX 7: MULTILATERAL AND BILATERAL ASSISTANCE ..................................... 57 ANNEX 8: TAM/BAS IN FYR MACEDONIA ..................................................................... 64 3 List of Abbreviations BAS/TAM Business Advisory Services/Turn-Around Management BEEPS Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey BOO/BOOT Build-Own-Operate/Build-Own-Operate-Transfer CCUP Climate Change Unit Program CEB Council of Europe Development Bank CEE Central and Eastern Europe CEI Central European Initiative CPI Corruption Perception Index CSR Corporate Social Responsibility DMEP Disaster Management and Emergency Preparedness Programme EIB European Investment Bank EC European Commission ECB Export and Credit Bank, Skopje, FYR Macedonia ECHO European Commission Humanitarian Aid ELEM Elektrani na Makedonija AD EPO European Patent Office ESM Macedonian Power Company EU European Union FDI Foreign Direct Investment GDI Gender Development Indicator GDP Gross Domestic Product GEF Global Environment Facility GHG Greenhouse Gas GRD General Roads Directorate GRECO Council of Europe Group of States against Corruption GSM Global System for Mobile communications GTZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zusammenarbeit HPP Hydro Power Plant IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) ICC International Criminal Court IDA International Development Association (World Bank) IFC International Finance Corporation (World Bank) IFI International Financial Institution IFRS International Financial Reporting Standards IMF International Monetary Fund IOSCO International Organization of Securities Commissions IPA Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance IRENA International Renewable Energy Agency JBIC Japan Bank for International Cooperation KfW Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau LEF EBRD-Italy Local Enterprise Facility LIS Legal Indicator Survey LTT Legal Transition Team MBDP Macedonian Bank for Development Promotion MCFF Medium Size Co-Financing Facility MDG Millennium Development Goals MEI Municipal and Environmental Infrastructure MSME Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises 4 NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation NBFI Non-Bank Financial Institutions NBG National Bank of Greece NBRM National Bank of the Republic of Macedonia NEAP National Environmental Action Plan NPLs Non Performing Loans NSSED National Strategy for Social and Economic Development PHARE Programme of Community aid to the countries of Central and Eastern Europe PPP Private Public Partnership PRGF Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper OCE Office of the Chief Economist ODA Official Development Assistance OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OSCE Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe SAA Stabilisation and Association Agreement SECI South East Cooperation Initiative SECO State Secretariat for Economic Affairs SMEs/MSEs Small and Medium Enterprises/Micro and Small Enterprises S&P Standard and Poor’s TIMS Transition Impact Monitoring System TNA Technology Needs Assessment TSO Transmission System Operator UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environmental Programme UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund USAID United States Agency for International Development WBIF Western Balkans Investment Framework WDPA World Database of Protected Areas WeBSEDFF Western Balkans Sustainable Energy Direct Financing Facility WeBSEECLF Western Balkans Sustainable Energy Efficiency Credit Line Facility WTO World Trade Organization Currencies EUR Euro, European Union Currency MKD Macedonian Denar SDR Special Drawing Right, IMF “currency” USD United States Dollar Exchange Rates as at 30 September 2009 1 EUR 61.17 MKD 1 USD 42.05 MKD 5 I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYR Macedonia) continues to meet the conditions specified in Article 1 of the Agreement Establishing the Bank. FYR Macedonia has made further progress on key reforms, geared towards integration into the EU. After FYR Macedonia acquired formal status of an EU candidate country in December 2005 the European Commission recommended in October 2009 to open EU accession negotiations. The implementation of the Ohrid Framework Agreement, which ended the armed conflict in 2001, continues to support political stability in the country, highlighted by the smooth functioning of the current multi-ethnic governing coalition. Political stability has further increased due to the peaceful and orderly conduct of the latest elections in March and April 2009. However, the country still faces significant institutional and economic pre-accession reform challenges. The Bank aims to assist it in meeting these challenges successfully over the Strategy period. FYR Macedonia has built a strong record of macroeconomic stability in recent years. GDP growth picked up to 5.9 and 4.8 per cent in 2007 and 2008, respectively, led by stronger domestic demand and increasing investments. In the last quarter of 2008 and in the first half of 2009, however, the economy began to feel the impact of the global financial crisis. Exports, capital
Recommended publications
  • HAPARANDA MINISTERIAL DECLARATION on CIRCUMBOREAL COOPERATION on FORESTS Adopted at Haparanda, Sweden on June 26Th, 2018

    HAPARANDA MINISTERIAL DECLARATION on CIRCUMBOREAL COOPERATION on FORESTS Adopted at Haparanda, Sweden on June 26Th, 2018

    HAPARANDA MINISTERIAL DECLARATION ON CIRCUMBOREAL COOPERATION ON FORESTS Adopted at Haparanda, Sweden on June 26th, 2018 We, the Ministers responsible for forests and their high-level representatives, from the circumboreal countries of Canada, Finland, Norway, Sweden, the Russian Federation and the United States of America, Noting that boreal forests grow in high-latitude environments in our respective countries, and that the boreal domain represents about 30% of the global forest area; Highlighting that boreal forests are important sources of renewable goods and services, and serve as habitat for a unique and vulnerable collection of biodiversity; Acknowledging that, in addition to local communities relying on the forest sector, boreal forests are home to many indigenous peoples who possess traditional knowledge and rely on forests to provide resources for their livelihoods, income, and cultural and spiritual values; Reiterating that countries in the circumboreal region are committed to sustainable forest management and report voluntarily on the environmental, social and economic status of their forests according to the criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management under the Montréal Process or Forest Europe; Recognizing that sustainable forest management in the circumboreal region can play a critical role in achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its Sustainable Development Goals, as well as contribute to the implementation of other international outcomes including, as applicable, the Paris Agreement,
  • 3. Background Information on the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

    3. Background Information on the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

    3. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA 3.1 Basic data on fYRoM General topographic map1 Total area: 25,713 sq km Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 246 km, Kosovo 159 km, Serbia Border countries: 62 km (total: 766 km) Population: 2,077,328 Capital: Skopje (480,000) Kumanovo 103,200 Bitola 86,400 Main towns: Prilep 73,400 Tetovo 70,800 Veles 57,600 Ethnic groups: Macedonian 64.2%, Albanian 25.2%, Turkish 3.9%, Roma2.7%, Serb 1.8% Main languages: Macedonian (official), Albanian (official), Turkish, Roma, Serbian Religions: Eastern Orthodox 65%, Muslim 29%, Catholic 4% Macedonian Denar (MKD) Currency: Approximate rate: 1 Euro = 61,1 denars The denar was introduced on May 10th 1993 low-grade iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, manganese, nickel, tungsten, gold, Natural resources: silver, asbestos, gypsum, timber, arable land 1 http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/26759.htm; Macedonia- Country Report, Economist Intelligence Unit, May 2011; http://www.mfa.gov.mk/default1.aspx?ItemID=288; 3.2 Political structure - overview2 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (provisional, Official name: internationally recognized, pending resolution of name dispute with Greece) Form of state: Democratic parliamentary republic Legal system: Based on the constitution of November 17th 1991 National legislature: Unicameral Assembly (Sobranie) of 120 members Electoral system: universal suffrage over the age of 18 years Last parliamentary election: June 1st 2008; next election due on June 5th 2011 National elections: Last presidential election: March 22nd and April 5th 2009; next election due in 2014 Head of state: President; currently Gjorge Ivanov (inaugurated on May 12th 2009) Council of Ministers, headed by the prime minister.
  • Il Diritto Delle Miuiti Nella Tradizione Giuridica Albanese

    Il Diritto Delle Miuiti Nella Tradizione Giuridica Albanese

    UNIVERSITÀ DI PALERMO FACOLTÀ DI LETTERE GIUSEPPE VALENTINI titolare di lingua e letteratura albanese IL DIRITTO DELLE MIUITI NELLA TRADIZIONE GIURIDICA ALBANESE GENERALITÀ VALLECCHI EDITORE Alili iiifinoria curissiina del professor SERGIO MOCIII ONOIU alle cui amichevoli insistenze devo il ritorno a questi studi. COPYRIGHT 1956 BY VALLECCHI EDITORE PRlNTEn IN ITAl.V FIBKN2E, 1956 - STABILIMENTI TIPOLITOGEAFICI t il. INDICE Iiitroduzionr i'<'g- LIBRO l: I PRINCIPI FONDAMENTALI DEL DIRITTO PUBBLICO Capo I: Nella società civile del Kaiiùii, al di fuori della famidia e al di sotto dello Stato, dominano i princijii della fraternità e quindi dell'uguaglianza e della libertà, con poche e ragionevoli eccezioni 17 Capo II: Il legame generale che contiene l'individualità nella comunità è il bisogno di solidarietà e il diritto e dovere che ne conseguono 21 Capo III: Mancando nel mondo delle tribù una vera e propria autorità, il legame morale dell'obbligazione vi 1^ formato dalla Besa (fedeltà), invece che dall'obbedienza iO Capo IV: Dovere di IJesa ci può essere anche fuori d'un patto bila- terale, quando Vana parte fa ricorso al sentimento d'onore dell'altra 59 Capo V: La conlraltualità tra famiglia e famiglia e tra famiglia pri- vala e piti ampie comunità, essenziale come legame della società comunale del Kanùii, è provata, oltre che dal regime parlamentare delle comunità, dalle istituziotii del Pegno, deU'Arbitrato e della Garanzia 67 Capo VI: // regime del Kanùn è regime di libertà d'opzione e di libertà da coazione 76 Capo VII: La destinazione a posti di presidenza è idealmente data dall'anzianità, diversamente dall'assunzione a uffici 81 8 INDICE INDICE 9 Capo IV: Del Villaggio LIBRO n: LE COMUNITÀ 1 : Il villaggio (kaliin) albanese, stalo già iiroliabiliuciile co- CHI») I: Drllr romiinllà in grnrrr munità pastorale nomade, o almeno transumante, s'è andato § 1 : Al di sopra della faiiiifilia e.
  • Macedonia Powerpoint

    Macedonia Powerpoint

    Macedonia By Beth Steadman http://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Beth-Steadman Location • Macedonia is a country located on the continent of Europe. • The capital of Macedonia is Skopje. • The population (number of people) of Macedonia is Population currently about 2,087,171 people. • In words that is two million, eighty-seven thousand, one hundred seventy-one people. • The current population of the United States is roughly 310,000,000 people. Geography • The country of Macedonia is located in southeastern Europe a little north of Greece. • This country shares borders with Albania, Kosovo, Serbia, and Bulgaria. • Macedonia is about the same size as Haiti or the state of Vermont. • The majority of the landscape found throughout Macedonia is rocky and mountainous. • Macedonia occasionally has had massive earthquakes. • The majority of the people in this country live in the valleys. • Macedonia is home to more than 50 lakes. Lake Ohrid is a few million years old! This lake contains some species of fish that are so old they only exist as fossils everywhere else in the world. Climate • Winters here are typically rather cold and snowy, though not quite as cold as some of its neighbors due to winds blowing in form the Aegean Sea below Greece. • Summers in Macedonia are warm. Sometimes, temperatures can reach as high as 107 degrees Fahrenheit! 1 Famous 2 Landmarks • Mount Korab 3 • Church of St. John at Kaneo 4 • Church of St. Panteleimon • Stone Bridge • Ancient Theatre of 5 Ohrid • Ohrid City - city 6 with about 365 churches; known as the Macedonian Jerusalem Language • The country of Macedonia had two official languages: Macedonian and Albanian.
  • Bio 308-Course Guide

    Bio 308-Course Guide

    COURSE GUIDE BIO 308 BIOGEOGRAPHY Course Team Dr. Kelechi L. Njoku (Course Developer/Writer) Professor A. Adebanjo (Programme Leader)- NOUN Abiodun E. Adams (Course Coordinator)-NOUN NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA BIO 308 COURSE GUIDE National Open University of Nigeria Headquarters 14/16 Ahmadu Bello Way Victoria Island Lagos Abuja Office No. 5 Dar es Salaam Street Off Aminu Kano Crescent Wuse II, Abuja e-mail: [email protected] URL: www.nou.edu.ng Published by National Open University of Nigeria Printed 2013 ISBN: 978-058-434-X All Rights Reserved Printed by: ii BIO 308 COURSE GUIDE CONTENTS PAGE Introduction ……………………………………......................... iv What you will Learn from this Course …………………............ iv Course Aims ……………………………………………............ iv Course Objectives …………………………………………....... iv Working through this Course …………………………….......... v Course Materials ………………………………………….......... v Study Units ………………………………………………......... v Textbooks and References ………………………………........... vi Assessment ……………………………………………….......... vi End of Course Examination and Grading..................................... vi Course Marking Scheme................................................................ vii Presentation Schedule.................................................................... vii Tutor-Marked Assignment ……………………………….......... vii Tutors and Tutorials....................................................................... viii iii BIO 308 COURSE GUIDE INTRODUCTION BIO 308: Biogeography is a one-semester, 2 credit- hour course in Biology. It is a 300 level, second semester undergraduate course offered to students admitted in the School of Science and Technology, School of Education who are offering Biology or related programmes. The course guide tells you briefly what the course is all about, what course materials you will be using and how you can work your way through these materials. It gives you some guidance on your Tutor- Marked Assignments. There are Self-Assessment Exercises within the body of a unit and/or at the end of each unit.
  • The Lichen Flora of Gunib Plateau, Inner-Mountain Dagestan (North-East Caucasus, Russia)

    The Lichen Flora of Gunib Plateau, Inner-Mountain Dagestan (North-East Caucasus, Russia)

    Turkish Journal of Botany Turk J Bot (2013) 37: 753-768 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/botany/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/bot-1205-4 The lichen flora of Gunib plateau, inner-mountain Dagestan (North-East Caucasus, Russia) 1, 2 Gennadii URBANAVICHUS * , Aziz ISMAILOV 1 Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems, Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Murmansk Region, Russia 2 Mountain Botanical Garden, Dagestan Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, Russia Received: 02.05.2012 Accepted: 15.03.2013 Published Online: 02.07.2013 Printed: 02.08.2013 Abstract: As a result of lichenological exploration of the Gunib plateau in the Republic of Dagestan (North-East Caucasus, Russia), we report 402 species of lichenised, 37 lichenicolous, and 7 nonlichenised fungi representing 151 genera. Nineteen species are recorded for the first time for Russia: Abrothallus chrysanthus J.Steiner, Abrothallus microspermus Tul., Caloplaca albopruinosa (Arnold) H.Olivier, Candelariella plumbea Poelt & Vězda, Candelariella rhodax Poelt & Vězda, Cladonia firma (Nyl.) Nyl., Halospora deminuta (Arnold) Tomas. & Cif., Halospora discrepans (J.Lahm ex Arnold) Hafellner, Lichenostigma epipolina Nav.-Ros., Calat. & Hafellner, Milospium graphideorum (Nyl.) D.Hawksw., Mycomicrothelia atlantica D.Hawksw. & Coppins, Parabagliettoa cyanea (A.Massal.) Gueidan & Cl.Roux, Placynthium garovaglioi (A.Massal.) Malme, Polyblastia dermatodes A.Massal., Rusavskia digitata (S.Y.Kondr.) S.Y.Kondr. & Kärnefelt, Squamarina stella-petraea Poelt, Staurothele elenkinii Oxner, Toninia nordlandica Th.Fr., and Verrucaria endocarpoides Servít. In addition, 71 taxa are new records for the Caucasus and 15 are new to Asia. Key words: Lichens, lichenicolous fungi, biodiversity, Gunib plateau, limestone, Dagestan, Caucasus, Russia 1.
  • Final Environmental and Social Assessment Report (ESAR) and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for Rehabilitation of Part of Th

    Final Environmental and Social Assessment Report (ESAR) and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for Rehabilitation of Part of Th

    Environmental and Social Assessment Report for Rehabilitation of part of the state road R2343 (old mark R-502), section Delchevo – Golak PUBLIC ENTERPRISE FOR STATE ROADS Republic of Macedonia Final Environmental and Social Assessment Report (ESAR) and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for Rehabilitation of part of the state road R2343 (old mark R-502), section Delchevo – Golak - Final draft before disclosure - April 2015 1 Environmental and Social Assessment Report for Rehabilitation of part of the state road R2343 (old mark R-502), section Delchevo – Golak Contents 1. Executive Summary and Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 3 2. Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework ............................................................................................ 3 3. Project Description ........................................................................................................................................ 6 3.1. Location of the project ......................................................................................................................... 6 4. Envionmental and Social Baseline data .................................................................................................. 14 4.1. Geological composition, hydrogeology and pedology .................................................................. 14 4.2. Climate and Meteorology .................................................................................................................
  • North Macedonia

    North Macedonia

    Summary: North Macedonia Primary Credit Analyst: Maxim Rybnikov, London (44) 20-7176 7125; [email protected] Secondary Contact: Sabine Daehn, Frankfurt (49) 69-33-999-244; [email protected] Table Of Contents Key Rating Factors Outlook Rationale Key Statistics Ratings Score Snapshot Related Criteria Related Research WWW.STANDARDANDPOORS.COM/RATINGSDIRECT SEPTEMBER 6, 2019 1 Summary: North Macedonia Issuer Credit Rating BB-/Stable/B Key Rating Factors Institutional and economic profile Flexibility and performance profile Modest per capita income levels but there is upside The North Macedonian denar's peg to the euro dictates reform potential, including from the likely start of EU monetary policy but moderate public debt level still accession negotiations later this year. leaves some room to manuever. • North Macedonia is likely to start EU accession talks • At slightly above 40% of GDP, North Macedonia's later this year, following the earlier resolution of a net general government debt remains moderate in a name dispute with Greece, although uncertainties global context, but there has been an erosion of remain. fiscal space in recent years. • In our view, reform momentum could subsequently • After a temporary widening to 2.3% of GDP in 2019, accelerate, but progress would most likely be the current account deficits are likely to moderate gradual. towards 1.5% of GDP in the medium term as export capacities in free economic zones gradually build up. • We forecast economic growth will average 3% through 2022, provided there is no major slowdown • North Macedonia's monetary flexibility is higher in North Macedonia's key European trading than that of most other Balkan states, but the denar's partners.
  • Euphorbiaceae)

    Euphorbiaceae)

    Polish Botanical Journal 60(2): 147–161, 2015 DOI: 10.1515/pbj-2015-0024 PHYTOGEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF EUPHORBIA SUBGENUS ESULA (EUPHORBIACEAE) Dmitry V. Geltman Abstract. Euphorbia subg. Esula is one of four major clades within the genus. A geographical analysis of the 466 species in the subgenus is reported here. Every species was assigned to one of 29 geographical elements clustered in ten groups of ele- ments. This geographical analysis showed that the Tethyan group (comprising nine geographical elements) clearly dominates the subgenus and contains 260 species (55.79% of the total number of species). The most numerous geographical elements are Irano-Turanian (105 species) and Mediterranean (85). Other significant groups of elements are Boreal (91 species, 19.54%), East Asian (40 species, 8.58%), Madrean (26 species, 5.58%), Paleotropical (23 species, 4.94%) and South African (16 species, 3.43%). The area of the Tethyan floristic subkingdom is the center of the modern diversity of E. subg. Esula. It is likely that such diversity is the result of intensive speciation that took place during the Eocene–Miocene. Key words: Euphorbia subg. Esula, geographical elements, Irano-Turanian floristic region, Mediterranean floristic region, phytogeographical analysis, Tethyan floristic subkingdom Dmitry V. Geltman, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov Street, 2, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia; e-mail: [email protected] Introduction genus euphorbia and its taxonomy cantly differ from traditional ones. For subgenus Esula (Riina et al. 2013), 21 sections were ac- The giant genus Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae) re- cepted on the basis of analyses of the combined cently became a subject of detailed phylogenetic and ITS + ndhF dataset (Fig.
  • Zerohack Zer0pwn Youranonnews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men

    Zerohack Zer0pwn Youranonnews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men

    Zerohack Zer0Pwn YourAnonNews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men YamaTough Xtreme x-Leader xenu xen0nymous www.oem.com.mx www.nytimes.com/pages/world/asia/index.html www.informador.com.mx www.futuregov.asia www.cronica.com.mx www.asiapacificsecuritymagazine.com Worm Wolfy Withdrawal* WillyFoReal Wikileaks IRC 88.80.16.13/9999 IRC Channel WikiLeaks WiiSpellWhy whitekidney Wells Fargo weed WallRoad w0rmware Vulnerability Vladislav Khorokhorin Visa Inc. Virus Virgin Islands "Viewpointe Archive Services, LLC" Versability Verizon Venezuela Vegas Vatican City USB US Trust US Bankcorp Uruguay Uran0n unusedcrayon United Kingdom UnicormCr3w unfittoprint unelected.org UndisclosedAnon Ukraine UGNazi ua_musti_1905 U.S. Bankcorp TYLER Turkey trosec113 Trojan Horse Trojan Trivette TriCk Tribalzer0 Transnistria transaction Traitor traffic court Tradecraft Trade Secrets "Total System Services, Inc." Topiary Top Secret Tom Stracener TibitXimer Thumb Drive Thomson Reuters TheWikiBoat thepeoplescause the_infecti0n The Unknowns The UnderTaker The Syrian electronic army The Jokerhack Thailand ThaCosmo th3j35t3r testeux1 TEST Telecomix TehWongZ Teddy Bigglesworth TeaMp0isoN TeamHav0k Team Ghost Shell Team Digi7al tdl4 taxes TARP tango down Tampa Tammy Shapiro Taiwan Tabu T0x1c t0wN T.A.R.P. Syrian Electronic Army syndiv Symantec Corporation Switzerland Swingers Club SWIFT Sweden Swan SwaggSec Swagg Security "SunGard Data Systems, Inc." Stuxnet Stringer Streamroller Stole* Sterlok SteelAnne st0rm SQLi Spyware Spying Spydevilz Spy Camera Sposed Spook Spoofing Splendide
  • Table of Contents

    Table of Contents

    Table of Contents 2 Welcome to Ohrid-Prepsa 3-4 Things to do 5-6 Ohrid 7-14 Villages 15-16 Galicia National Park and Hiking 17-18 Ohrid Beaches 19-20 Tourist Association of Ohrid Biljana 21 Transportation 22 About Macedonia The Ohrid Prespa Region of Macedonia Welcome to Ohrid J faljjfas lkasvlj oqi fajkh oiruvw coiuqnrovc hqopvucoqw ho[uvqcop Galicia National Park and Hiking [uno[iu coi[nqu[coiubcqo vq[o2iu b[opcnux[ vhtiocqwg piucry[oi2quncrx[o hv[oiuqwbcio[p quboi[ fuqweoiuc fxoqwey cfiupxqh p yoiqwncroixqwe- nucrunxip2cf oip ycqnoxohcribfxnqo pifu[ibncq[io x J faljjfas lkasvlj oqi fajkh oiruvw coiuqnrovc hqopvucoqw ho[uvqcop [uno[iu coi[nqu[coiubcqo vq[o2iu b[opcnux[ vhtiocqwg piucry[oi2quncrx[o hv[oiuqwbcio[p quboi[ fuqweoiuc fxoqwey cfiupxqh p yoiqwncroixqwenucrunxip2cf oip ycqnoxo- hcribfxnqo pifu[ibncq[io x jfas lkasvlj oqi fajkh oiruvw coiuqnrovc hqopvucoqw ho[uvqcop [uno[iu coi[nqu[coiubcqo vq[o2iu b[opcnux[ vhtiocqwg piucry[oi2quncrx[o hv[oiuqwbcio[p quboi[ fuqweoiuc fxoqwey cfiupxqh p yoiqwncroixqwenu- crunxip2cf oip ycqnoxohcribfxnqo pifu[ibncq[io xJ faljjfas lkasvlj oqi fajkh oiruvw coiuqnrovc hqopvucoqw ho[uvqcop [uno[iu coi[nqu[coiubcqo vq[o2iu b[opcnux[ vhtiocqwg piucry[oi2quncrx[o hv[oiuqwbcio[p quboi[ fuqweoiuc fxoqwey cfiupxqh p yoiqwncroixqwenucrunxip2cf oip ycqnoxo- hcribfxnqo pifu[ibncq[io x J faljjfas lkasvlj oqi fajkh oiruvw coiuqnrovc hqopvucoqw ho[uvqcop [uno[iu coi[nqu[coiubcqo vq[o2iu b[opcnux[ vhtiocqwg piucry[oi2quncrx[o hv[oiuqwbcio[p quboi[ fuqweoiuc fxoqwey cfiupxqh p yoiqwncroixqwenu- crunxip2cf oip ycqnoxohcribfxnqo
  • Phylogeny, Biogeography, and Morphological Ancestral Character Reconstruction in the Mediterranean Genus Fumana (Cistaceae)

    Phylogeny, Biogeography, and Morphological Ancestral Character Reconstruction in the Mediterranean Genus Fumana (Cistaceae)

    Journal of Systematics JSE and Evolution doi: 10.1111/jse.12562 Research Article Phylogeny, biogeography, and morphological ancestral character reconstruction in the Mediterranean genus Fumana (Cistaceae) † † Elena Carrió1 * , Meike Engelbrecht2 , Patricio García‐Fayos2 , and Jaime Güemes3 1Departamento Biotecnología‐Biología Vegetal, E.T.S. de Ingeniería Agrónomica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain 2Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CIDE) ‐ (CSIC‐UV‐GV), Carretera Moncada ‐ Náquera, Km. 4.5, Moncada, Valencia 46113, Spain 3Jardín Botánic, Universidad de Valencia, Quart 80, Valencia 46008, Spain † These authors contributed equally to this work. *Author for correspondence. E‐mail: [email protected]; Tel.: 34‐91‐06‐70841. Received 9 July 2018; Accepted 22 December 2019; Article first published online 31 December 2019 Abstract Fumana is a diverse genus of the Cistaceae family, consisting of 21 currently accepted species. In this study, nuclear (ITS) and plastid (matK, trnT‐L) molecular markers were used to reconstruct the phylogeny and to estimate divergence times, including 19 species of Fumana. Phylogenetic analyses (Bayesian Inference, Maximum Parsimony and Maximum Likelihood) confirmed the monophyly of Fumana and did not support the infrageneric divisions previously established. The results support four main clades that group species that differ in vegetative and reproductive characters. Given the impossibility to define morphological characters common to all species within the clades, our proposal is to reject infrageneric divisions. Molecular dating and ancestral area analyses provide evidence for a Miocene diversification of the genus in the north‐western Mediterranean. Ancestral state reconstructions revealed ancestral character states for some traits related to xeric and arid habitats, suggesting a preadaptation to the Mediterranean climate.