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MZ 2-2016 Afrika V7 Final.Indd ISSN 0259-7446 EUR 6,50 medienmedien Kommunikation in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart && zeitzeit Thema: Afrikanisch-Europäische Medienbeziehungen Imperiale Kommunikationsarbeit Von Lumumba bis Ebola Dekolonisierung des Blicks International News Reporting in the Multidimensional Network Against the Hypothesis of a China-EU Collaboration in Africa Research Corner: Eine Zeitung für Tibet 22/2016/2016 Jahrgang 31 m&z 2/2016 medien & zeit Impressum MEDIENINHABER, HERAUSGEBER UND VERLEGER Verein „Arbeitskreis für historische Kommunikationsforschung (AHK)“, Währinger Straße 29, 1090 Wien, Inhalt ZVR-Zahl 963010743 http://www.medienundzeit.at © Die Rechte für die Beiträge in diesem Heft liegen beim „Arbeitskreis für historische Kommunikationsforschung (AHK)“ HERAUSGEBERINNEN Barbara Metzler, Erik Bauer, Christina Krakovsky REDAKTION BUCHBESPRECHUNGEN Gaby Falböck, Roland Steiner, Thomas Ballhausen Imperiale Kommunikationsarbeit REDAKTION RESEARCH CORNER Zur medialen Rahmung von Mission im 19. Erik Bauer, Christina Krakovsky, Barbara Metzler, LEKTORAT & LAYOUT und 20. Jahrhundert Diotima Bertel, Julia Himmelsbach, Barbara Metzler, Judith Rosenkranz; Richard Hölzl 3 Diotima Bertel PREPRESS Grafikbüro Ebner, Wiengasse 6, 1140 Wien, Von Lumumba bis Ebola VERSAND ÖHTB – Österreichisches Hilfswerk für Taubblinde und Standarderzählungen in der österreichischen hochgradig Hör- und Sehbehinderte Afrika-Berichterstattung (1960-2015) Werkstätte Humboldtplatz 7, 1100 Wien, ERSCHEINUNGSWEISE & BEZUGSBEDINGUNGEN Martin Sturmer 18 medien & zeit erscheint vierteljährlich gedruckt und digital. Heftbestellungen: Einzelheft (exkl. Versand): 6,50 Euro Dekolonisierung des Blicks Doppelheft (exkl. Versand): 13,00 Euro Jahresabonnement: Julia Dittmann 32 Österreich (inkl. Versand): 22,00 Euro Ausland (inkl. Versand auf dem Landweg): 30,00 Euro Jahresabonnement für StudentInnen: Österreich (inkl. Versand): 16,00 Euro International News Reporting in the Ausland (inkl. Versand auf dem Landweg): 24,00 Euro Multidimensional Network Info und Bestellung unter [email protected] sowie auf http://www.medienundzeit.at The socio-demographics, professional culture Bestellung an: medien & zeit, Währinger Straße 29, 1090 Wien and news work of foreign correspondents oder über den gut sortierten Buch- und Zeitschriftenhandel working across Sub-Saharan Africa ADVISORY BOARD Prof. Dr. Stefanie Averbeck-Lietz (Bremen), Paulo Nuno Vicente 43 Prof. Dr. Markus Behmer (Bamberg), Dr. Thomas Birkner (Münster), Prof. Dr. Hans Bohrmann (Dortmund), Against the Hypothesis of a China-EU Prof. Dr. Rainer Gries (Jena, Wien), Univ.-Prof. Dr. Hermann Haarmann (Berlin), Collaboration in Africa Prof. Dr. Susanne Kinnebrock (Augsburg), Adams Bodomo 52 Univ.-Prof. Dr. Arnulf Kutsch (Leipzig), Prof. Dr. Maria Löblich (Berlin), Univ.-Prof. Dr. Ed Mc Luskie (Boise, Idaho), Dr. Corinna Lüthje (Rostock), Research Corner Prof. Dr. Rudolf Stöber (Bamberg), Prof. Dr. Martina Thiele (Salzburg) VORSTAND DES AHK: Eine Zeitung für Tibet Dr. Gaby Falböck (Obfrau) Der yul phyogs so so’i gsar ‘gyur me long Univ.-Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Duchkowitsch (Obfrau-Stv.) a.o. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Fritz Hausjell (Obfrau-Stv.) (1925-1963) Mag. Christian Schwarzenegger (Obfrau-Stv.) Mag. Christina Krakovsky (Geschäftsführerin) Anna Sawerthal 58 Barbara Fischer, Bakk. (Geschäftsführerin-Stv.) Dr. Norbert P. Feldinger (Kassier) Mag. Bernd Semrad (Kassier-Stv.) Mag. Diotima Bertel (Schriftführerin) Rezensionen 68 Irina Pöschl, Bakk. (Schriftführerin-Stv.) Mag. Roland Steiner Ing. MMag. Dr. Johann Gottfried Heinrich, BA Dr. Erich Vogl 1 ISSN 0259-7446 m&z 2/2016 Editorial „In your text, treat Africa as if it were one country“ Weißsein ein, die bis in die heutige Zeit als Grund- (Wainaina, 2012) – was der kenianische Autor und lage für gesellschaftliche Privilegien und Machtpo- Gründer des Literaturmagazins Kwani Binyavanga sitionen wirken. In profunder Auseinandersetzung Wainaina in seiner satirischen Gebrauchsanweisung mit den Filmen Die weiße Massai (2005) sowie La How to Write about Africa SchriftstellerInnen emp- Noire de… (1966) dekonstruiert Dittmann Stereo- fiehlt, wird in Medienbeiträgen zu Afrika beständig type der vorherrschenden Rollenbilder. umgesetzt. Wenngleich die Berichterstattung zum In einer empirischen Analyse untersucht Paulo afrikanischen Kontinent und ihre Kontextbedin- Nuno Vicente professionelle Kulturen sowie Rah- gungen, zumindest im deutschsprachigen Raum, menbedingungen von in afrikanischen Ländern keineswegs intensiv erforscht sind, (Behmer, 2014, stationierten KorrespondentInnen. Besonderes S. 18) besteht zu ihrer Ausgestaltung ein wissen- Augenmerk liegt dabei auf durch Recherchemög- schaftlicher Common Sense: Der Kontinent wird lichkeiten dynamischer gewordenen medialen Pro- medial undifferenziert als homogene Einheit voller duktionen, aber auch partizipativer Einbindung Probleme dargestellt, die eurozentristische Bericht- von LeserInnen im digitalen Zeitalter, wodurch erstattung konzentriert sich vorwiegend auf die Vicente einen bevorstehenden Paradigmenwechsel „4Ks“ – Kriege, Korruption, Krankheiten und Ka- der internationalen Berichterstattung ausmacht. tastrophen. Das alltägliche Leben wird dabei meist Schließlich kritisiert Adams Bodomo in seinem ebenso ausgeblendet wie positive Entwicklungen, Aufsatz die sogenannte „Win-Win-Win-Hypothe- die von AfrikanerInnen initiiert wurden. Vielmehr se“ und geht damit auf die Kooperation von Afrika, werden diese als passive HilfeempfängerInnen ge- China und der EU ein. Bodomo identifiziert nicht zeichnet, die auf ihre Rettung durch den helfenden nur eine Schieflage auf Kosten der afrikanischen Westen warten (Tatah, 2014). Seite, sondern stellt ein Modell für eine Zusam- Dieser Umstand hat lange Tradition, die Richard menarbeit im Sinne einer „Africa-driven Win for Hölzl beleuchtet, indem er das Kommunikati- All“-Hypothese vor. onsregime europäisch christlicher Missionen ab In der Rubrik Research Corner verschafft Anna den 1830ern in Afrika aufzeigt. Der Historiker Sawerthal Einblicke in ihr laufendes Dissertati- zeichnet ein detailliertes Bild der publizistischen onsprojekt, in dem sie die Adaption der Presse für und kommunikativen Prozesse vor allem des 19. ein tibetisch-sprachiges Publikum anhand der zwi- Jahrhunderts – durch den eingeführten Begriff der schen 1925-1963 erschienenen Zeitung yul phyogs „Imperialen Kommunikationsarbeit“ erweitert er so so’i gsar ‘gyur me long untersucht. das Fachvokabular durch eine praxeologische Sicht und erfasst gleichzeitig die Beziehung zwischen Mit vorliegender Schwerpunkt-Ausgabe möchten Kolonie und Metropole. Nicht zuletzt durch das wir den LeserInnen eine, im deutschsprachigen gewählte Fallbeispiel Pauli Hololas, eines Lehrers Raum, unterrepräsentierte Thematik näher brin- und Missionars welcher um 1880 in der portugie- gen und wünschen eine anregende Lektüre. sischen Kolonie Ostafrika geboren wurde, leistet Hölzl einen eindrucksvollen Beitrag zur Sichtbar- Barbara Metzler, Erik Bauer & keit nicht-europäischer IntermediärInnen. Christina Krakovsky An das Ende des Kolonialismus knüpft Martin Sturmer in seinem Beitrag zur österreichischen Be- Bibliographie: richterstattung über den Kontinent Afrika seit den Behmer, M. (2014). Afrikanische Impressionen – Ein 1960er Jahren bis in die Gegenwart an. Mithilfe Streifzug durch Forschung und Berichterstattung. von zahlreichen Pressebeispielen gelingt es Sturmer In: Tatah, V. (Hg.), Afrika 3.0. Mediale Abbilder die Kontinuitäten der, vor allem im NS-Regime und Zerrbilder eines Kontinents im Wandel. Ber- beförderten, Rassismen vom „primitiven“ oder lin, S. 17-27. „bestialischen Kontinent“ zur „tragischen Figur“ Tatah, V. (2014). Afrika 3.0: Ein Kontinent im Wan- vor Augen zu führen. del – Vorwort zum Tagungsband. In: Tatah, V. Mit hohem Grad an sprachlicher Reflexion nähert (Hg.), Afrika 3.0. Mediale Abbilder und Zerr- sich Julia Dittmann dem Thema hegemonialer bilder eines Kontinents im Wandel. Berlin, S. 1-4. Inszenierungen von Weißsein im zeitgenössischem Wainaina, B. (2012). How to Write about Africa. Lon- Film an. Dabei geht sie auf die politische wie philo- don. Abgerufen von http://granta.com/how-to- sophische Konstruktionsgeschichte der Kategorie write-about-africa, Zugriff am 16.07.2016. 2 m&z 2/2016 Imperiale Kommunikationsarbeit Zur medialen Rahmung von Mission im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert Richard Hölzl Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Abstract Bis aus den komplexen sozialen Realitäten kultureller Kontaktzonen anschlussfähige und massenhaft verbreitete Erzählungen wurden, mussten viele AkteurInnen reichlich institutio- nell eingebundene und nach bestimmten Regeln organisierte Arbeit verrichten. Diese Arbeit war ein Beitrag zum umfassenden Werk kultureller Begegnung. Als heuristischen Begriff, um diese Vorgänge zu beschreiben, schlägt dieser Artikel „imperiale Kommunikationsar- beit“ vor. Der Begriff stellt eine notwendige Ergänzung zu prozesshaften Konzepten wie Übersetzung, Transfer, Verflechtung oder Zirkulation dar. Mit dem Arbeitsbegriff wird ein praxeologischer Schwerpunkt gesetzt, der die Machtasymmetrien kultureller Beziehungen ausleuchtet. Am Beispiel eines autobiografischen Textes des tansanischen Missionslehrers Pauli Holola, der 1935 in einer Missionszeitschrift publiziert wurde, werden die Techniken und Arbeitsweisen „imperialer Kommunikation“ analysiert. Hololas Lebensbericht wird in den Kontext der Entwicklung katholischer Missionspropaganda seit dem 19. Jahrhundert gestellt. Am Ende steht die Frage nach der Selbst-Präsentation Hololas und ihrer (Un)sicht-
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