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Contents Contents by Condition Contents Contents by Condition ..................ix Thomas' test .....................54 Foreword ...............................xv Tinel's sign ..........................55 Preface ............................xvi... Trendelenburg's sign ................... 56 Acknowledgements................... XVIII ... True leg length discrepancy (anatomic Authors ...........................xv111 leg length discrepancy) ............... 57 Expert Reviewers ..................... xix Ulnar deviation ...................... 58 Reviewers ..........................xix V-sign ............................. 59 Abbreviations ........................ xx Valgus deformity ..................... 60 Varus deformity ......................63 Chapter 1 Yergason's sign ...................... 65 Musculoskeletal Signs .... Anterior drawer test ...... ........2 Chapter 2 Apley's grind test ......................3 Respiratory Signs ........................71 Apley's scratch test ..................... 4 Apparent leg length inequality (functional Accessory muscle breathing ........................... 73 leg length) ......................... 5 Agonal respiration ......................................... 74 Apprehension test (crank test) .............6 Apneustic breathing (also apneusis) ................ 75 Apprehension-relocation test (Fowler's Apnoea ........................................................ 76 agn) .............................7 Asterixis ........................................................78 Bouchard's and Heberden's nodes ..........8 Asymmetrical chest expansion ........................ 79 Boutonniere deformity .................. 9 Asynchronous respiration............................... 81 Bulge/wipe/stroke test ................. 11 Ataxic (Biot's) breathing................................. 82 Butterfly rash (malar rash) .............. 12 Barrel chest .................................................. 83 Calcinosis/calcinosis cutis ............... 14 Bradypnoea .................................................. 84 Charcot's foot ....................... 16 Bronchial breath sounds ................................ 85 Crepiis ............................18 Cough reflex .................................................86 Dropped arm test ..................... 19 Crackles (rales) ............................................. 88 Finkelstein's test ...................... 20 Dyspnoea ..................................................... 89 Gottron's papules ..................... 21 Funnel chest (pectus excavatum) .................... 92 Hawkins' impingement sign .............. 22 Grunting ....................................................... 93 Heliotrope rash ...................... 24 Haemoptysis .................................................94 Kyphosis ........................... 25 Harrison's sulcus (also Harrison's Lachman's tesvsign ...................26 groove) ..................................................... 95 Livedo reticularis ..................... 27 Hoover's sign .............................................. 96 McMurray's test ......................29 Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy Neer's impingement sign ............... 30 (H POA) ..................................................... 97 Patellar apprehension test ............... 31 Hyperventilation............................................ 98 Patellar tap ......................... 32 Intercostal recession .................................... 100 Patrick's test (FABER test) ............... 33 Kussmaul's breathing................................... 101 Phalen's sign ........................34 Orthopnoea ................................................ 102 Proximal myopathy.................... 35 Paradoxical abdominal movements (also Psoriatic nails/psoriatic nail dystrophy ......36 abdominal paradox) ................................ 104 Raynaud's syndromejphenomenon ........38 Paradoxical respirationlbreathing.................. 105 Saddle nose deformity ................. 40 Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea (PND) .........106 Sausage-shaped digits (dactylitis) ..........41 Percussion ...............................................107 Sderodactyly ........................ 43 Percussion: dullness .................................... 108 Shawl sign .......................... 44 Percussion: resonancelhyper-resonance ........ 109 Simmonds-Thompson test ..............45 Periodic breathing ....................................... 110 Speed's test ......................... 46 Pigeon chest (pedus carinatum) ................... 111 Subcutaneous nodules (rheumatoid Platypnoea.................................................. 112 nodules) .........................47 Pleural friction rub....................................... 114 Sulcus sign ..........................48 Pursed lips breathing.................................. 115 Supraspinatus test (empty can test) ........49 Sputum ....................................................116 Swan-neck deformity ..................50 Stertor ......................................................... 117 Telangiectasia ........................ 52 Stridor ........................................................ 118 Contents Subcutaneous emphysema/surgical JVP waveform variations: a-waves . emphysema ............................................ 119 prominent or giant ................................. 173 Tachypnoea ................................................120 JVP waveform variations: v-waves .large ...... 174 Tracheal tug .............................................. 121 JVP waveform variations: x-descent . Trepopnoea ............................................122 absent .............................................175 Vesicular breath sounds ............................... 123 JVP waveform variations: x-descent . Vocal fremitusltactile fremitus ...................... 124 prominent ............................................. 176 Vocal resonance .......................................... 125 JVP waveform variations: y-descent . Wheeze .................................................... 126 absent .............................................. 177 JVP waveform variations: y-descent . Chapter 3 prominent (Friedrich's sign) ...................... 179 Mid-systolic click ......................................... 180 Cardiovascular Signs ....................131 Mitral facies .............................................. 181 Apex beat (also cardiac impulse) .................. 132 Murmurs .................................................... 182 Apex beat: displaced................................... 133 Murmurs .systolic: aortic stenotic Apex beat: hyperdynamic apical murmur ...............................................183 impulse/volumeloaded ...........................134 Murmurs .systolic: mitral regurgitation Apex beat: left ventricular heavelsustained murmur .................................................185 apical irnpulse/pressureloaded apex ......... 135 Murmurs .systolic: pulmonary stenotic Arterial pulse ............................................ 136 murmur .................................................. 187 Arterial pulse: anacrotic ............................... 138 Murmurs .systolic: tricuspid regurgitation Arterial pulse: bigeminal .............................. 139 murmur (also Ca~ello'ssign) ................... 188 Arterial pulse: dicrotic ................................. 140 Murmurs .systolic: ventricular septa1 Arterial pulse: pulsus alternans..................... 141 defect murmur ........................................ 190 Arterial pulse: pulsus bisferiens .................... 142 Murmurs .diastolic: aortic regurgitation Arterial pulse: pulsus paws ........................ 143 murmur ................................. .......... 191 Arterial pulse: pulsus tardus ......................... 144 Murmurs .diastolic: eponymous signs of Arterial pulse: sinus arrhythmia .................... 145 aortic regurgitation .................................. 192 Bradycardia .............................................. 146 Murmurs .diastolic: Graham Steel1 Buerger's sign ............................................. 147 murmur .................................................. 195 Cardiac cachexia ........................................148 Murmurs .diastolic: mitral stenotic Carotid bruit ............................................... 149 murmur .............................................. 196 Cheyne-Stokes breathing............................. 150 Murmurs .diastolic: opening snap (0s) ....... 197 Clubbing .................................................... 152 Murmurs .diastolic: pulmonary Crackles (also rales) .................................... 154 regurgitation murmur .............................. 198 Cyanosis ................................................... 155 Murmurs .diastolic: tricuspid stenotic Cyanosis: central .........................................156 murmur .................................................. 199 Cyanosis: peripheral .................................... 157 Murmurs .continuous: patent ductus Ewart's sign ............................................... 158 arteriosus murmur................................... 200 Hepatojugular reflux (also Osler's nodes ............................................. 201 abdominojugular reflux) ........................... 159 Pericardial knock ......................................... 202 Hepatomegaly ..................................... 160 Pericardial rub ............................................ 203 Hypertensive retinopathy ............................
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