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Respiratory Monitoring System Using Thermistor International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 119 No. 12 2018, 11567-11575 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.ijpam.eu Special Issue ijpam.eu RESPIRATORY MONITORING SYSTEM USING THERMISTOR 1Gagandeep kour , 2Mohammad Rouman ,Geetha.M3 1,2UG Students, 3Assistant Professor Department of Biomedical Engineering BIHER, BIST, Bharath University Chennai- 6000073. gagandeeplkour. [email protected] Abstract:- respiration is defined as the process of movement of oxygen from the outside air to the cells within tissues and the transport of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction. Respiration can be cellular as well as physiological. In cellular respiration an organism obtains energy in the form of ATP by oxidising nutrients and releasing waste products while as the physiological respiration is necessary to sustain cellular respiration and thus life. Physiological respiration involves ventilation of lungs alveoli with atmospheric air moved into and out of the lungs through inhalation and exhalation, otherwise known as breathing. This project helps to checks the breathing rate of a patient who is suffering from coma, trauma, strokes, seizures at easily accessible levels. The respiratory monitoring system helps to check the breathing rate of a patient with the help of an arduino based system. the main components of this machine are Arduino, thermistor, heart pulse rate sensor, LED, LCD, buzzer alarm, battery. The patient breathes through a mask in which thermistor is placed and then the machine measures the breathing rate. the arduino used here is Arduino UNO(ATmega328 P). Keywords: respiratory device, breathing, Arduino, heart pulse rate sensor, thermistor, alarm. contains 2.5-3.0 litres of air. Ventilation occurs via the respiratory center in the INTRODUCTION medulla oblongata and the pons of the The term “respiration” is the process of brainstem.[6-11] These areas of the brain inhalation and exhalation. The passage of form a air into the lungs to supply the body with oxygen is known as inhalation and the passage of air out of the lungs to expel series of interconnected brain cells within carbon dioxide is known as the exhalation; the lower and middle brainstem which this process is collectively called as receive information about the arterial breathing or ventilation. [1-5]At the end of partial pressure of oxygen (Po2) and each exhalation the adult human lungs still arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pco2). This information determines the average medium term rate of ventilation of 11567 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue the alveoli of the lungs. The terminal source hardware board designed around an respiratory secretions are known as the 8-bit Atmel AVR microcontroller, or a 32- death rattles and the related symptoms are bit Atmel ARM. The software consists of a shortness of breath and rapid chest standars programming language compiler movements.death rattles can also be and boot loader that executes on the produced by other problems that cause microcontroller. interference with the swallowing reflex The main hardware specifications are; such as brain injuries. [12-14]Agonal respiration or agonal breathing or gasping Higher efficiency and reliability respiration is abnormal pattern of Less complex breathing and brainstem reflex Easy to use characterised by gasping, labored Effortless functions breathing, accompanied by strange Cost effective vocalizations and myoclonus. Possible cause include cerebral ischemia, extreme hypoxia, or even anoxia.the duration of the agonal respiration can be as brief as two breaths or lasts upto several hours.Agonal respiration is commonly seen in the patients of cardiac arrest.[15-19] COMPONENTS AND METHODOLOGY The respiratory monitor is made up of various devices. There are different types of devices that can be used in respiratory Fig.1:Arduino UNO monitor. But in this machine we are using arduino , thermistor, LED, LCD, alarm, heart pulse rate sensor .There are wide Use of thermistor: varieties of microcontroller available but here arduino is used for clean circuit . The Thermistor is used as a temperature sensor. arduino used here is the Arduino UNO(AT It is a type of negative coefficient resistor mega 328) and the thermistor is used here whose resistance is dependent on the as a temperature sensor instead of temperature. With negative temperature piezoelectric crystal.[20-24] coefficient, resistance decreases as temperature rises. Hence, it is used as a The reasons for using arduino: temperature sensor to detect the change in Arduino is a single- board microcontroller the breathing.[25-29] Thermistor typically to make using electronics in achieves a greater precision within a multidisciplinary projects more accessible. limited temperature range, typically at The hardware consists of a simple open −90 °C to 130 °C. 11568 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue Fig.3: Heart pulse rate sensor Use of alarm and LED: When there will be abnormal respiratory Fig.2: Thermistor rate or pulse rate the alarm will be started and the LED will start to glow this will help to notify the doctors or care taker or relatives of the patient.[30-34] Use of heart pulse rate sensor: The sensor unit consists of an infra red light emitting diode and a photodiode placed side by side and the finger tip is placed in between the sensor. The IR LED transmits the infrared light into the finger tip, a par t of which is reflected back from Fig.4: buzzer the blood inside the finger arteries .the photo diode senses the portion of the light reflected back. So, every time the heart Use of solar panel beats the amount of the reflected ir light The mono crystal solar panel is used changes, which can be detected by the because it has highest efficiency and it is photo diode. With a high gain amplifier, long lasting as its manufacturer warranty is this little alteration can be converted into a of 25 years. This is made from the single pulse.[35-40] continuous crystal structure. It yields very high output and it is also space efficient.[44-45] 11569 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue yet to be obtained by testing the device.[41-43] REFRENCES THERMISTOR LCD LED 1. Khanaa, V., Thooyamani, K.P., Udayakumar, R., Multi resigncryption protocol scheme for an identification of malicious ARDUINO mobile agent host, World Applied Sciences Journal, V-29, I-14, PP- 299-303, 2014 2. Khanaa, V., Thooyamani, K.P., HEART BATTERY ALARM Udayakumar, R., A novel approach PULSE towards prevention of spam, RATE phising, controlling hierarchical MONITOR access using Domain Keys, World Applied Sciences Journal, V-29, I- 14, PP-181-185, 2014 3. Khanaa, V., Thooyamani, K.P., Udayakumar, R., Dual tree complex wavelet transform for adaptive interferogram residual Fig.5: block diagram of respiratory monitoring reduction, Middle - East Journal of system Scientific Research, V-20, I-9, PP- 1059-1064, 2014 4. Khanaa, V., Thooyamani, K.P., Udayakumar, R., An improved rao- blackwellized particle filter for GPS-INS integrated navigation, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, V-20, I-9, PP-1111- 1115, 2014 FUTURE WORK 5. Khanaa, V., Thooyamani, K.P., All the components required for the project Udayakumar, R., WSN based gas has been purchased. The necessary papers leakage detecting and locating and research articles required for the system for petrochemical industry, development of the project has been done Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, V-20, I-9, PP-1107- during the previous phases of the project. 1110, 2014 Theoretically the device has been proven 6. Khanaa, V., Thooyamani, K.P., to work very well and practically the Udayakumar, R., Information device has been designed and the sharing time based controlled procedure is followed the proper output is system in emergency situations, Middle - East Journal of Scientific 11570 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue Research, V-18, I-12, PP-1845- International Journal of Mechanical 1850, 2013 Engineering and Technology, V-8, 7. 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