FAMILJ Acrolepiidae – Kluddmalar

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FAMILJ Acrolepiidae – Kluddmalar 2 • nationalnyckeln till sveriges flora och fauna FAMILJ Acrolepiidae – kluddmalar STAM Arthropoda UNDERSTAM Hexapoda ORDNING Lepidoptera Familjen kluddmalar finns representerad i alla världs- Familjen har ibland klassificerats som en under- ÖVERFAMILJ Yponomeutoidea delar med flest arter i Palearktis. Totalt finns omkring familj till Plutellidae, men genitaliernas utseende FAMILJ 100 kluddmalsarter fördelade på tre släkten. I Nor- mo tiverar familjestatus. Hos hanen är tegumen för- SLÄKTE den förekommer alla tre släktena men endast sex av krympt, aedeagus saknar cornuti, genitalklaffarna arterna. är ganska små och har ibland utskott på främre kan- Många arter har ett brokigt utseende med suddiga ten, och saccus är ofta lång. Hos honan saknas extra teckningar, vilket har gett gruppen dess svenska utskott på buksidan av de främre apofyserna, och namn. Labialpalperna är långa, böjda och saknar den ostium har en sklerotiserad kant. utstående tofs av framåtriktade fjäll som finns hos senapsmalar (Plutellidae). I bakvingen är M1 och M2 LITTERATUR Agassiz (1996f), Dugdale m.fl. (1999), Gaedike förgrenade, liksom M3 och CuA1. (1970), Meess (1910), Zagulyaev (1981d). Fältkännetecken • Framvinge med suddiga teckningar hos kluddmalar i släktet Digitivalva • Framvinge mörk med iögonfallande vit bakkantsfläck hos arterna i släktena Acrolepiopsis och Acrolepia • Larverna i de tre släktena lever av korgblommiga växter, lökväxter respektive potatisväxter ILLUSTRATION: ROLAND JOHANSSON vingmärke Sc R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 M1 M2 M3 2A+3A 1A CuA1 CuA2 Sc+R1 Rs M1 M2 M3 CuA1 CuA 2A 1A 2 Larven av slåttergubbemal Digitivalva arnicella gör först en I bakvingen är M1 och M2 förgrenade, liksom M3 och vitaktig fläckmina i ett blad av slåttergubbe Arnica mont a- CuA1. Bilden visar vingribbsmönstret hos norsknoppemal na för att senare äta sig in i stjälken och fram till ett skott. Digitivalva reticulella. Arten förekommer sällsynt och lokalt i äldre slåttermarker, ILLUSTRATION: TORBJÖRN ÖSTMAN glesa hagar och lätt betade ängsmarker i södra Sverige. FOTO: MIKAEL SVENSSON acrolepiidae • 3 1 2 3 Larverna i släktet Acrolepiopsis lever på lökväxter ( familjen Alliaceae). Endast två arter förekommer i Norden; ramslöksmal A. betulella är mycket sällsynt medan lökmal A. assectella är spridd i södra delen. I trädgårdar lägger lökmal (1) ägg vid basen av gräslök Allium schoenoprasum eller purjolök A. porrum. Den ljusgula, ljusgröna eller grågröna larven har ett gulbrunt huvud, rödaktig ryggfläck och gul nackplåt med bruna fläckar (2). Larven lever inne i bladet, men angreppet kan lätt ses från utsidan på grund av att lökbladet änd- rar färg och får vita fläckar där larven har ätit (3). Ibland kan larven söka sig ned i löken och orsaka skördebort- fall i odlingar av exempelvis purjolök genom att plan- torna ruttnar. FOTO: JENS CHRISTIAN SCHOU/BIOPIX (1), BENGT Å. BENGTSSON (2, 3) Familjen Acrolepiidae har ibland klassifi- cerats som en underfamilj till Plutellidae, genitalklaff men genitaliernas utseende anses moti- ostium främre vera familjestatus. Hos hanen är tegumen apofys förkrympt, aedeagus saknar cornuti, genitalklaffarna är ganska små, och sac- cus är ofta lång. Hos honan saknas extra utskott på buksidan av de främre apofy- serna, medan ostium har en sklerotiserad kant. Bilderna visar genitalierna hos rams- löksmal Acrolepiopsis betulella. ILLUSTRATION: ROLAND JOHANSSON ductus bursae saccus Genitalier ♀ Genitalkapsel ♂ Aedeagus ♂.
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