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Austrolebias Bagual, a New Species of Annual Fish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from Southern Brazil

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Austrolebias Bagual, a New Species of Annual Fish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from Southern Brazil AQUA20(4)-LAYOUT.qxp_AQUA 16/10/14 09:50 Pagina 161 aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology Austrolebias bagual, a new species of annual fish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from southern Brazil Matheus Vieira Volcan 1,2, Luis Esteban Krause Lanés1,3 and Ândrio Cardozo Gonçalves1 1) Instituto Pró-Pampa (IPPampa), Laboratório de Ictiologia. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2) Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM). Programa de Pós Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal. Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. 3) Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia: Diversidade e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos, São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Received: 22 September 2014 – Accepted: 10 July 2014 Abstract adloffi por la altura inferior del cuerpo y cabeza (excepto en Austrolebias bagual, a new species of annual fish closely re- A. reicherti), más corta longitud de la base de la aleta anal y lated to the A. adloffi species group, is described from spec- tamaño de la aleta caudal en los machos, y la altura de la imens collected from temporary ponds located in the mid- cabeza más baja (excepto en A. reicherti) y el tamaño de la dle course of the Rio Camaquã, Laguna dos Patos system at aleta anal en las hembras. Por otra parte, las hembras de A. the municipality of Encruzilhada do Sul, Rio Grande do bagual no presentan un par de manchas negras dispuestas Sul, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from other ver ti calmente en la parte posterior del pedúnculo caudal, Austrolebias species by the unique male pigmentation pat- típico de la mayoría de las especies del grupo A. adloffi. tern of the dorsal fin, with black vertical bars elongated from the base to the medial portion of the fin, and by the Resumo pattern of transversal black bars on the body, which become Austrolebias bagual, uma nova espécie de peixe anual estre- gradually shorter and fainter towards caudal peduncle. It is itamente relacionada com o grupo de espécies A. adloffi é de- also distinguished from all species of the A. adloffi species scrita com base em indivíduos coletados de poças tem- group by the lower body depth and head (except in A. rei - porárias localizadas na bacia do médio curso do Rio Cama- cherti), lower anal fin base length and caudal fin length in quã, sistema da Laguna dos Patos, município de Encruzilha- males, and the lower head depth (except in A. reicherti) and da do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A nova espécie dis- anal fin base length in females. In addition, A. bagual fe- tingue-se de todas as espécies de Austrolebias pelo padrão de males do not have the pair of black spots arranged vertically colorido único de machos que consiste de barras verticais pre- in close proximity on the posterior portion of caudal pe- tas alongadas da base à porção medial da nadadeira dorsal e duncle typical of most species of the A. adloffi group. pelo padrão de barras transversais do corpo, que tendem a se tornar gradualmente mais curtas e desaparecer na porção pos- Resumen terior. Também se distingue de todas as espécies do grupo A. Austrolebias bagual, una nueva especie de pez anual es- adloffi pela menor altura do corpo e da cabeça (exceto em A. trechamente relacionada al grupo de especies A. adloffi se de- reicherti), menor com primento da base da nadadeira anal e scribe de charcos temporales ubicadas sobre el curso medio tamanho da na dadeira caudal em machos, e pela menor al- de la cuenca del río Camaquã, sistema de la Laguna dos tura da ca beça (exceto em A. reicherti) e tamanho da base da Patos, municipio de Encruzilhada do Sul, Rio Grande do nadadeira anal em fêmeas. Além disso, fêmeas de A. bagual Sul, Brasil. La nueva especie se distingue de todas las demás não apresentam um par de pontos negros dispostos vertical- especies de Austrolebias por el patrón de color único de los mente na porção posterior do pedúnculo caudal, típico da machos que consiste en bandas negras verticales alargadas maioria das espécies do grupo A. adloffi. desde la base hasta la parte media de la aleta dorsal y el pa- trón de bandas transversales del flanco que tienden a ser más Zusammenfassung corto y desaparecer en la parte posterior del cuerpo. Tam- Die neue Art Austrolebias bagual, die mit der A.-adloffi- bién se distingue de todas las especies del grupo A. Artengruppe nahe verwandt ist, wird auf der Grundlage von 161 aqua vol. 20 no. 4 - 15 October 2014 AQUA20(4)-LAYOUT.qxp_AQUA 16/10/14 09:50 Pagina 162 Austrolebias bagual, a new species of annual fish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from southern Brazil Exemplaren beschrieben, die in zeitbegrenzten Tümpeln am mine e la minore lunghezza della pinna caudale nei maschi. Mittellauf des Rio Camaquã, Laguna dos Patos, in der Kom- Inoltre, nelle femmine di A. bagual non è presente la coppia mune Encruzilhada do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, in Brasilien di macchioline nere disposte verticalmente in prossimità del- gefunden wurden. Von anderen Austrolebias-Arten unter- la porzione posteriore del peduncolo caudale tipica della scheidet sich die neue Art durch das einzigartige Farbmuster maggior parte delle specie del gruppo A. adloffi. der Rückenflosse bei den Männchen, mit schwarzen senkrechten Streifen, die sich vom Ansatz bis zum mittleren Teil der Flosse erstrecken, sowie durch die schwarzen Quer- INTRODUCTION streifen auf dem Rumpf, die zum Schwanzstiel hin immer The Neotropical genus Austrolebias comprises kürzer und schwächer werden. Unterscheidungsmerkmale zu about 40 small annual killifishes (Costa 2006; allen anderen Arten der A.-adloffi-Artengruppe sind außer- Loureiro et al. 2011; García et al. 2014) distrib- dem die geringere Tiefe von Rumpf und Kopf (Ausnahme A. uted in southern Brazil, southern Bolivia, reicherti), die geringere Länge der Afterflossenbasis und der Schwanzflosse bei Männchen sowie die geringere Kopftiefe Paraguay, Uruguay and north-eastern Argentina (Ausnahme A. reicherti) und Afterflossenlänge bei Weibchen. (Costa 2010). Species of this genus inhabit natural Hinzu kommt, dass bei den Weibchen von A. bagual das Paar temporary ponds in many river drainages in this re- schwarzer, senkrecht angeordneter Flecken fehlt, die bei den gion, including the Paraná-Paraguay-Uruguay river meisten Arten der A.-adloffi-Gruppe dicht beieinander auf system and the Patos-Mirim lagoon system (Costa dem hinteren Teil des Schwanzstiels zu finden sind. & Cheffe 2005). In the Pampas region, ponds are usually formed during the winter months (June-Ju- Résumé ly), whereas in the Chaco region they are mainly Austrolebias bagual, une nouvelle espèce de poisson annuel formed during the summer months (December- proche du groupe d’espèces d’A. adloffi, est décrit sur base de January) (Costa 2006). spécimens collectés dans des mares temporaires situées sur le The highest diversity of Austrolebias (23 species) cours moyen du Rio Camaquã, Lagua dos Patos, dans la mu- nicipalité d’Encruzilhada do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brésil. has been recorded in the Rio Grande do Sul State in La nouvelle espèce se distingue des autres espèces d’Aus- southern Brazil (Lanés et al. 2013; 2014; Volcan et trolebias par le patron de pigmentation unique de la dorsale al. 2014). These species are severely threatened with chez le mâle, avec des barres verticales noires de la base à la extinction because of their low dispersal ability and portion médiane de la nageoire et par le patron de barres the extensive loss and fragmentation of freshwater transversales noires sur le corps, qui deviennent graduelle- wetlands and temporary ponds. Furthermore, their ment plus courtes et moins marquées vers le pédoncule cau- peculiar lifecycle and restricted range contribute to dal. Elle se démarque également de toutes les autres espèces this threat (Reis et al. 2003; Rosa & Lima, 2008; du groupe d’A. adloffi par une hauteur de corps moindre et de la tête (sauf pour A. reicherti), par une longueur moindre Volcan et al. 2010, 2011a, 2011b, 2014; ICMBio de la base de l’anale et de la caudale pour les mâles et une 2013; Lanés et al. 2013, 2014). hauteur de tête moindre (sauf pour A. reicherti) ainsi que par The genus has been phylogenetically redefined by la base de l’anale des femelles. En outre, les femelles d’A. Costa (2006) to include the species previously re- bagual n’ont pas la paire de taches noires placées verticale- ferred to as Megalebias Costa. In Costa’s review, ment l’une très près de l’autre sur la portion postérieure du three basal species and five species-groups were de- pédoncule caudal, ce qui est typique pour la plupart des es- fined, among them the groups Austrolebias adloffi pèces du groupe d’A. adloffi. and A. bellottii. García et al. (2014) reinforce the existence of these two groups, however, they differ Sommario Austrolebias bagual, una nuova specie di pesci annuali stret- from that proposed by Costa (2006) by allocating tamente legato al gruppo di specie A. adloffi, è descritto da A. arachan Loureiro, Azpelicueta & García 2004 campioni raccolti in stagni temporanei situati nel medio cor- and A. viarius (Vaz-Ferreira, Sierra de Soriano & so del Rio Camaquã, Laguna dos Patos nel comune di En- Scaglia de Paulete, 1965) to the A. adloffi species cruzilhada do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasile. La nuova group, which were previously included in the A. specie si distingue dalle altre specie di Austrolebias per l’origi - bellottii species group (Costa 2006). nale profilo di pigmentazione della pinna dorsale del mas- The A. adloffi species group is distinguished from chio, caratterizzato da barre verticali nere allungate dalla base remaining taxa in Austrolebias by unique color pat- alla porzione mediale della pinna, e per la presenza di barre nere trasversali sul corpo, che diventano gradualmente più tern on posterior portion of caudal peduncle in ju- brevi e più indistinte verso il peduncolo caudale.
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