DOCSLIB.ORG

Mycosphaerella Spp Causing Leafspot Disease on Bananas Advanced Methods Supplement

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mycosphaerella Spp Causing Leafspot Disease on Bananas Advanced Methods Supplement MYCOSPHAERELLA SPP CAUSING LEAFSPOT DISEASE ON BANANAS ADVANCED METHODS SUPPLEMENT MYCOSPHAERELLA SPP. CAUSING LEAFSPOT DISEASE ON BANANAS ADVANCED METHODS SUPPLEMENT Edited by J. Henderson (UQ/DPI&F Tree Pathology Centre ) K. Grice (Centre for Tropical Agriculture, DPI&F) Oc to ber 2008 1 MYCOSPHAERELLA SPP CAUSING LEAFSPOT DISEASE ON BANANAS ADVANCED METHODS SUPPLEMENT MYCOSPHAERELLA SPP. CAUSING LEAFSPOT DISEASE ON BANANAS ADVANCED METHODS SUPPLEMENT OCTOBER 2008 Contributors Juliane Henderson (UQ/DPI&F) Kathy Grice (DPI&F) Marie‐Françoise Zapater (CIRAD) Françoise Careel (CIRAD) The PCR primers and reaction conditions described in Protocol 4 of this document are pending publication and thus must be held in confidence until such time they appear in the public domain. Please also ensure these parameters do not appear in material including conference oral presentations, poster and funding body reports. No part of this document, including images, may be reproduced without permission of the authors. 2 MYCOSPHAERELLA SPP CAUSING LEAFSPOT DISEASE ON BANANAS ADVANCED METHODS SUPPLEMENT INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 5 1.0 IDENTIFICATION OF MYCOSPHAERELLA SPP. PATHOGENS ON BANANA (IN SITU) USING LIGHT MICROSCOPY..................................................................................... 8 1.1 AIM................................................................................................................................ 8 1.2 METHODOLOGY.......................................................................................................... 8 1.3 MATERIALS AND REAGENTS .................................................................................... 8 1.4 PROCEDURE ............................................................................................................... 9 Lesion Selection.................................................................................................................. 9 Glass Slide Preparation .................................................................................................... 10 Decolourisation ................................................................................................................. 10 Lesion Observation ........................................................................................................... 10 1.5 PATHOGEN IDENTIFICATION .................................................................................. 12 2.0 PRODUCTION OF CULTURES FROM ASCOSPORES OR DIRECT ISOLATION FROM LEAF MATERIAL TO IDENTIFY MYCOSPHAERELLA SPP. ON BANANA.......... 19 2.1 AIM.............................................................................................................................. 19 2.2 METHODOLOGY........................................................................................................ 19 2.3 MATERIALS AND REAGENTS .................................................................................. 19 2.3.1 RECIPES ................................................................................................................. 20 2.4 PROCEDURE ............................................................................................................. 20 Ascospore Ejection ........................................................................................................... 20 Ascospore Culture ............................................................................................................ 22 Direct Isolation .................................................................................................................. 23 2.5 MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PERFECT FORM OF MYCOSPHAERELLA SPP................................................................................................ 24 3.0 IN VITRO PRODUCTION OF MYCOSPHAERELLA SPP ASEXUAL STRUCTURES FOR IDENTIFICATION USING LIGHT MICROSCOPY....................................................... 27 3.1 AIM.............................................................................................................................. 27 3.2 METHODOLOGY........................................................................................................ 27 3.3 MATERIALS AND REAGENTS .................................................................................. 27 3.3.1 RECIPES ................................................................................................................. 28 3.4 PROCEDURE ............................................................................................................. 28 Culture and sporulation..................................................................................................... 28 Cotton blue staining .......................................................................................................... 29 4.0 DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MYCOSPHAERELLA SPP. ON BANANA USING REAL-TIME PCR ..................................................................................................... 30 4.1 AIM.............................................................................................................................. 30 4.2 METHODOLOGY........................................................................................................ 30 Real-Time PCR Background............................................................................................. 30 TaqMan® Hybridisation Probe Assays .............................................................................. 30 Mycosphaerella spp on Banana Real-time PCR Diagnostic Assay Design...................... 32 Internal Amplification Control ............................................................................................ 36 Enzyme Mastermix ........................................................................................................... 36 3 MYCOSPHAERELLA SPP CAUSING LEAFSPOT DISEASE ON BANANAS ADVANCED METHODS SUPPLEMENT 4.3 MATERIALS AND REAGENTS .................................................................................. 37 Equipment......................................................................................................................... 37 Reagents and Suppliers.................................................................................................... 37 4.4 PROCEDURE ............................................................................................................. 39 Preparation and storage of real-time PCR stocks............................................................. 39 Notes on Real-time PCR set up........................................................................................ 39 Real-time PCR Set Up Protocol........................................................................................ 40 Real-time PCR Thermal Cycling Protocol......................................................................... 43 4.5 RESULTS INTERPRETATION ................................................................................... 44 Control Assays.................................................................................................................. 44 Mycosphaerella spp on Banana Probe Assays................................................................. 45 Calling a Sample Result.................................................................................................... 46 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT....................................................................................................... 48 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... 48 4 MYCOSPHAERELLA SPP CAUSING LEAFSPOT DISEASE ON BANANAS ADVANCED METHODS SUPPLEMENT INTRODUCTION This supplement appends the original Sigatoka Leafspot Disease Manual (2006). The purpose of this supplement is to describe advanced methods for the diagnosis of Mycosphaerella fijiensis (black Sigatoka, BS), Mycosphaerella musicola (yellow Sigatoka, YS) and Mycosphaerella eumusae (Eumusae leafspot disease, ELS). Real-time PCR assays are now routinely used to support the morphological diagnosis of Sigatoka leafspot diseases in Australia. Recently, updated in situ and in vitro techniques were acquired during a laboratory exchange with French scientists Drs Jean Carlier, Marie- Françoise Zapater and Françoise Carreel at the French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD) in Montpellier. In return, Australian-developed, molecular diagnostic assays for black Sigatoka, yellow Sigatoka and Eumusae leafspot disease were transferred to CIRAD for use in routine surveillance of bananas grown in French offshore regions (French Guiana, Guadaloupe, Martinique, New Caledonia and Réunion). Over 20 species of Mycosphaerella have now been shown to occur on banana (Arzanlou et al., 2008). Three of these species are involved in the Sigatoka disease complex (M. fijiensis, M. musicola and M. eumusae) and surveillance for these pathogens is carried out in Australia. A fourth species, Mycosphaerella musae, causes speckle disease which is common in the sub-tropical growing regions of South-east Queensland and New South Wales. Mycosphaerella speckle presents with distinct symptoms making diagnosis straightforward. Light-brown or tan-coloured irregular blotches on the lower leaf surface (appearing as smoky patches on the upper surfaces) tending towards dark purple/black, irregularly-shaped, speckled
Load more

Recommended publications
  • (A Species).Cdr
    BIOTROPIA Vol. 19 No. 1, 2012: 19 - 29 A SPECIES-SPECIFIC PCR ASSAY BASED ON THE INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER (ITS) REGIONS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF Mycosphaerella eumusae, M. fijiensis AND M. musicola ON BANANA IMAN HIDAYAT Microbiology Division, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong 16911, West Java, Indonesia Recipient of BIOTROP Research Grant 2010/Accepted 28 June 2012 ABSTRACT A study on development of a rapid PCR-based detection method based on ITS region of M. eumusae, M. fijiensis , and M. musicola on banana was carried out. The main objecive of this study was to develop a fast and species-specific PCR-based detection method for the presence ofMycosphaerella species on banana. The methods include collection of specimens, morphological identification supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis, RFLP analysis, species-specific primers development, and validation. Two species ofMycosphaerella , namely, M. fijiensisand M. musicola , and one unidentified Pseudocercospora species were found in Java Island. Three restriction enzymes used in the RFLP analysis, viz, AluI, HaeIII, and TaqI were capable to discriminateM. eumusae , M. fijiensis , and M. musicola . Two species-specific primer pairs, viz, MfijF/MfijR and MmusF/MmusR have been successfully developed to detect the presence ofM. fijiensis and M. musicola , respectively. Key words: banana, detection, fungi,Mycosphaerella leaf spot, phytopathology INTRODUCTION Indonesia is one of banana production zones in Southeast Asia. However, crop losses from global climate change and fungal pathogens pose a serious threat not only to Indonesia, but also to global food security. Therefore, these threats should not be underestimated. Among the banana pathogens, three morphologically similar species, viz,Mycosphaerella fijiensis (black leaf streak disease/black Sigatoka), M.
    [Show full text]
  • Sigatoka Diseases Control
    1 /4 SIGATOKA DISEASES CONTROL Yellow and Black Sigatoka are banana leaf diseases caused by fungi. They cause significant drying of the leaf surface. The fungi spread in two ways: - by water which carries the conidia (asexual form CONTROL of reproduction) from the upper to the lower leaves S E and suckers, S Conidia - yellow and black Sigatoka - by wind which carries the ascospores (sexual form EA of reproduction) in all directions. S The control of Sigatoka(s) enables the plant to conserve a sufficient number of healthy leaves up to harvest to ensure the normal growth of the fruit. The disease reduces the leaf surface and causes disturbances in the functioning of the plant, leading to a reduction in yield and quality DI SIGATOKA (particularly a higher risk of fast ripening). 1. YELLOW SIGATOKA OR LEAF STREAK DISEASE 2. BLACK SIGATOKA OR BLACK LEAF STREAK DISEASE (Mycosphaerella musicola) (Mycosphaerella fijiensis): A MORE VIRULENT FUNGUS The development of the fungus occurs in five stages: Black Sigatoka is present in almost all tropical banana producing FOR YELLOW SIGATOKA zones but its arrival in the Lesser Antilles is very recent (2009- Stage 1: A tiny yellow spot or light green streak on the upper surface of 2010). leaves. > Hardly observable. YELLOW SIGATOKA BLACK SIGATOKA Upper surface Lower surface 2.1-Description of symptoms and differentiation with Yellow Stage 2: The spots stretch out Sigatoka into yellow streaks of 3-4mm; this is the optimal stage for treatment. The symptoms of Black Sigatoka are sometimes not distinguishable from those of Yellow Sigatoka, especially in > Streaks 1 to 5 mm.
    [Show full text]
  • Diagnosis of Mycosphaerella Spp., Responsible for Mycosphaerella Leaf Spot Diseases of Bananas and Plantains, Through Morphotaxonomic Observations
    Banana protocol Diagnosis of Mycosphaerella spp., responsible for Mycosphaerella leaf spot diseases of bananas and plantains, through morphotaxonomic observations Marie-Françoise ZAPATER1, Catherine ABADIE2*, Luc PIGNOLET1, Jean CARLIER1, Xavier MOURICHON1 1 CIRAD-Bios, UMR BGPI, Diagnosis of Mycosphaerella spp., responsible for Mycosphaerella leaf spot TA A 54 / K, diseases of bananas and plantains, through morphotaxonomic observations. 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, Abstract –– Introduction. This protocol aims to diagnose under laboratory conditions the France main Mycosphaerella spp. pathogens of bananas and plantains. The three pathogens Mycos- [email protected] phaerella fijiensis (anamorph Paracercospora fijiensis), M. musicola (anamorph Pseudocer- cospora musae) and M. eumusae (anamorph Pseudocercospora eumusae) are, respectively, 2 CIRAD-Bios, UPR Mult. Vég., Stn. Neufchâteau, 97130, the causal agents of Black Leaf Streak disease, Sigatoka disease and Eumusae Leaf Spot Capesterre Belle-Eau, disease. The principle, key advantages, starting plant material and time required for the Guadeloupe, France method are presented. Materials and methods. The laboratory materials required and details of the thirteen steps of the protocols (tissue clearing and in situ microscopic observa- [email protected] tions, isolation on artificial medium and cloning of single-spore isolate, in vitro sporulation and microscopic observations of conidia, and long-term storage of isolates) are described. Results. Diagnosis is based on the observations of anamorphs (conidiophores and conidia) which can be observed directly from banana leaves or after sporulation of cultivated isolates if sporulating lesions are not present on banana samples. France / Musa sp. / Mycosphaerella fijiensis / Mycosphaerella musicola / Mycosphaerella eumusae / foliar diagnosis / microscopy Identification des espèces de Mycosphaerella responsables des cercosprio- ses des bananiers et plantains, par des observations morphotaxonomiques.
    [Show full text]
  • Lecture 03 - Diseases of Banana (2 Lectures)
    Lecture 03 - Diseases of Banana (2 Lectures) Panama disease :Fusarium oxysporum f. spcubense Economic Importance The first major disease which attacked banana was called Panama disease from the area where it first became serious. Banana wilt is a soil-borne fungal disease and gets entry in the plant body through roots and wounds caused by nematodes. It is most serious in poorly drained soil. Disease spreads through infected suckers. Symptoms Yellowing of the lower most leaves starting from margin to midrib of the leaves. Yellowing extends upwards and finally heart leaf alone remains green for some time and it is also affected. The leaves break near the base and hang down around pseudostem. Longitudinal splitting of pseudostem. Discolouration of vascular vessels as red or brown streaks. The fungus spreads through use of infected rhizomes Continuous cultivation results in build up of inoculum. Pathogen Mycelium is septate, hyaline and branched. Fungus produces micro, macro conidia and also chlamydospores. Micro conidia - Single celled or rarely one septate hyaline elliptical or oval. Macro conidia - Sickle shaped hyaline, 3-5 septate and tapering at both ends. Chalamydospores - Thick walled, spherical to oval, hyaline to slightly yellowish in colour. Mode of spread and survival The pathogen is soil borne. It survives in soil as chlamydospores for longer periods. The primary spread of the disease is through infected rhizomes and secondary spread is through irrigation water. Continuous cultivation results in build up of inoculum. Management Avoid growing of susceptible cultivars viz., Rasthali, Monthan, Red banana and Virupakshi. Grow resistant cultivar Poovan. Since nematode predispose the disease pairing and prolinage wit Carbofuran granules.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Analysis of Cercospora and Mycosphaerella Based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer Region of Ribosomal DNA
    Ecology and Population Biology Phylogenetic Analysis of Cercospora and Mycosphaerella Based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer Region of Ribosomal DNA Stephen B. Goodwin, Larry D. Dunkle, and Victoria L. Zismann Crop Production and Pest Control Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, 1155 Lilly Hall, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907. Current address of V. L. Zismann: The Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850. Accepted for publication 26 March 2001. ABSTRACT Goodwin, S. B., Dunkle, L. D., and Zismann, V. L. 2001. Phylogenetic main Cercospora cluster. Only species within the Cercospora cluster analysis of Cercospora and Mycosphaerella based on the internal produced the toxin cercosporin, suggesting that the ability to produce this transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA. Phytopathology 91:648- compound had a single evolutionary origin. Intraspecific variation for 658. 25 taxa in the Mycosphaerella clade averaged 1.7 nucleotides (nts) in the ITS region. Thus, isolates with ITS sequences that differ by two or more Most of the 3,000 named species in the genus Cercospora have no nucleotides may be distinct species. ITS sequences of groups I and II of known sexual stage, although a Mycosphaerella teleomorph has been the gray leaf spot pathogen Cercospora zeae-maydis differed by 7 nts and identified for a few. Mycosphaerella is an extremely large and important clearly represent different species. There were 6.5 nt differences on genus of plant pathogens, with more than 1,800 named species and at average between the ITS sequences of the sorghum pathogen Cercospora least 43 associated anamorph genera.
    [Show full text]
  • EFECTO DE LAS CONDICIONES DE INCUBACIÓN Y DE COMPUESTOS INORGÁNICOS Y ORGÁNICOS SOBRE LA ESPORULACIÓN DE LESIONES DE SIGATOKA NEGRA (Mycosphaerella Fijiensis)
    EFECTO DE LAS CONDICIONES DE INCUBACIÓN Y DE COMPUESTOS INORGÁNICOS Y ORGÁNICOS SOBRE LA ESPORULACIÓN DE LESIONES DE SIGATOKA NEGRA (Mycosphaerella fijiensis) MAUREN LISETH GÓMEZ RUIZ Trabajo Final de Graduación presentado a la Escuela de Agronomía como requisito parcial para optar al grado de Licenciatura en Ingeniería en Agronomía INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO DE COSTA RICA SEDE REGIONAL SAN CARLOS 2013 EFECTO DE LAS CONDICIONES DE INCUBACIÓN Y DE COMPUESTOS INORGÁNICOS Y ORGÁNICOS SOBRE LA ESPORULACIÓN DE LESIONES DE SIGATOKA NEGRA (Mycosphaerella fijiensis) MAUREN LISETH GÓMEZ RUIZ Trabajo Final de Graduación presentado a la Escuela de Agronomía para obtener el grado Licenciatura en Ingeniería en Agronomía INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO DE COSTA RICA SEDE REGIONAL SAN CARLOS 2013 ii EFECTO DE LAS CONDICIONES DE INCUBACIÓN Y DE COMPUESTOS INORGÁNICOS Y ORGÁNICOS SOBRE LA ESPORULACIÓN DE LESIONES DE SIGATOKA NEGRA (Mycosphaerella fijiensis) MAUREN LISETH GÓMEZ RUIZ Aprobado por los miembros del Tribunal Evaluador: ___________________ Ing. Agr. Mauricio Guzmán, M. Sc. Asesor Externo ___________________ Ing. Agr. Carlos Muñoz Ruiz, Ph.D. Asesor Interno ___________________ Ing. Agr. Joaquín Durán Mora, M. Sc. Jurado ___________________ Ing. Agr. Fernando Gómez Sánchez, MAE. Coordinador Trabajos Finales de Graduación ___________________ Ing. Agr. Luis Alberto Camero Rey. M. Sc. Director Escuela Agronomía 2013 iii DEDICATORIA A mis padres, José Ángel Gómez Artavia y Odalia Ruiz Hernández. A mis hermanos, Antony Ortiz Jarquín, Gabriel Gómez Ruiz y Darío Gómez Ruiz. Porque por ellos busco mejorar día a día, porque mis logros son sus logros. A toda aquella persona con la capacidad de enseñar, que lo hace con gusto, que son maestros en espíritu y en corazón.
    [Show full text]
  • Black Leaf Streak Disease Is Challenging the Banana Industry
    Original article Black Leaf Streak Disease is challenging the banana industry Luc de Lapeyre DE BELLAIRE1*, Eric FOURÉ1, Catherine ABADIE2,3, Jean CARLIER2 1 CIRAD-Persyst, UPR Black Leaf Streak Disease is challenging the banana industry. Systèmes bananes et ananas, Abstract — Introduction. Black Leaf Streak Disease (BLSD) is regarded as the most economically TA B-26 / PS4, Blvd. de la important threat that the banana industry has to face. Effectively, this foliar disease affects leaf pho- Lironde, 34398 Montpellier tosynthesis but, above all, reduces the greenlife of fruits, that cannot be exported in cases of severe Cedex 5, France, infestation. Main characteristics of Black Leaf Streak Disease. More than 20 Mycosphaerella spe- cies have been described on bananas. Leaf spot diseases of bananas are caused by some species of luc.de_lapeyre_de_bellaire@ this complex, of which M. fijiensis (BLSD) and M. musicola (Sigatoka disease) are the most important. cirad.fr M. fijiensis is an invasive species that has totally replaced M. musicola in most banana-exporting coun- tries, which was conducive to increasing difficulties in banana leaf spot control. BLSD causes increas- 2 CIRAD-Bios, UMR BGPI, ing difficulties for control. Since all banana cultivars grown in the banana industry are highly Campus international de susceptible to BLSD, the control of this disease relies on aerial applications of fungicides according Baillarguet, TA A-54 / K, to either systematic frameworks (mostly contact fungicides) or forecasting strategies (mostly systemic 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, fungicides). In a banana-exporting country where M. fijiensis has been reported, BLSD control becomes increasingly more difficult. This evolution is essentially due to the rapid emergence of fun- France gicide resistance, and is conducive to a significant increase in the cost of disease control but, above 3 all, to increasing negative environmental effects.
    [Show full text]
  • Mycosphaerella Eutnusae and Its Anamorph Pseudo- Cercospora Eumusae Spp. Nov.: Causal Agent of Eumusae Leaf Spot Disease of Banana
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Sydowia Jahr/Year: 2002 Band/Volume: 54 Autor(en)/Author(s): Crous Pedro W., Mourichon Xavier Artikel/Article: Mycosphaerella eumusae and its anamorph Pseudocercospora eumusae spp. nov.: causal agent of eumusae leaf spot disease of banana. 35-43 ©Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Söhne Ges.m.b.H., Horn, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Mycosphaerella eutnusae and its anamorph Pseudo- cercospora eumusae spp. nov.: causal agent of eumusae leaf spot disease of banana Pedro W. Crous1 & Xavier Mourichon2 1 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, P. Bag XI, Matieland 7602, South Africa 2 Centre de Cooperation International en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developement (CIRAD), TA 40/02, avenue Agropolis, 34 398 Montpellier, France P. W. Crous, & X. Mourichon (2002). Mycosphaerella eumusae and its ana- morph Pseudocercospora eumusae spp. nov: causal agent of eumusae leaf spot disease of banana. - Sydowia 54(1): 35-43. The teleomorph name, Mycosphaerella eumusae, and its anamorph, Pseudo- cercospora eumusae, are validated for the banana disease formerly known as Septoria leaf spot. This disease has been found on different Musa culti- vars from tropical countries such as southern India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Mauritius and Nigeria. It is contrasted with two similar species, namely Mycosphaerella fijiensis (black leaf streak or black Sigatoka disease) and Mycosphaerella musicola (Sigatoka disease). Although the teleo- morphs of these three species are morphologically similar, they are phylogene- tically distinct and can also be distinguished based upon the morphology of their anamorphs. Keywords: Leaf spot, Musa, Mycosphaerella, Pseudocercospora, systematics.
    [Show full text]
  • Antioxidant Properties and Hypoglycemic Potential of Genomically Diverse Bananas Cultivated in Southeastern United States
    Antioxidant Properties and Hypoglycemic Potential of Genomically Diverse Bananas Cultivated in Southeastern United States by Gabriela A. Hernandez A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Auburn, Alabama August 1, 2015 Keywords: Musa, ethephon, physicochemical, ripening, maturity, antioxidant Copyright 2015 by Gabriela A. Hernandez Approved by Floyd Woods, Chair, Associate Professor of Horticulture Elina Coneva, Extension Specialist and Associate Professor of Horticulture J. Raymond Kessler, Jr., Professor of Horticulture Esendugue Greg Fonsah, Professor and Extension Specialist of Agriculture and Applied Economics, University of Georgia, Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793 Abstract There has been increased interest in growing and selecting cold-hardy short- season cultivars to offer an alternative to the industry standard, the Cavendish (genome AAA). In addition to expansion of production, these specialty cultivars have advantages such as increased nutritional qualities, resistance to disease, and favorable postharvest attributes. The determination of suitable alternatives to the Cavendish subgroup is a relatively new concept; therefore very little research has been done regarding the postharvest and nutritional properties of these specialty cultivars. The goal of the first experiment was to determine the effect of common postharvest practices and length of storage on the quality and nutrition of specialty bananas grown in the southeastern
    [Show full text]
  • (Mycosphaerella Fijiensis Morelet) in Puerto Rico
    Crop Protection 54 (2013) 229e238 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Crop Protection journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/cropro Evaluation of banana hybrids for tolerance to black leaf streak (Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet) in Puerto Rico B.M. Irish a,*, R. Goenaga a, C. Rios a, J. Chavarria-Carvajal b, R. Ploetz c a USDA e ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station, 2200 Pedro Albizu Campos Ave., Mayaguez, Puerto Rico b University of Puerto Rico, Department of Crop and Agro-Environmental Sciences, Piñero Bldg., Mayaguez, Puerto Rico c University of Florida, Tropical Research and Education Center, 18905 SW 280th St., Homestead, FL 33031, USA article info abstract Article history: In Puerto Rico, bananas (including plantains) are important agricultural commodities; their combined Received 5 July 2013 production totaled over 158,000 tons in 2011. Black leaf streak (BLS) and Sigatoka leaf spot diseases, Received in revised form caused by Mycosphaerella fijiensis and Mycosphaerella musicola, respectively, are responsible for signifi- 13 September 2013 cant losses of this crop, due to the high susceptibility of the most important cultivars. Diploid, triploid Accepted 16 September 2013 and tetraploid hybrids were introduced from international breeding programs for evaluation in Isabela, Puerto Rico. Accessions were established in the field in a randomized complete block design and were Keywords: evaluated over two cropping cycles (2007e2010) for response to BLS and agronomic traits. Significant Musa ¼ Sigatoka differences (P 0.05) in BLS severity were observed among accessions throughout both crop cycles and Mycosphaerella fijiensis were most pronounced at harvest. When averaged across production cycles, severity indices at harvest Germplasm ranged from very resistant (20% of the leaf surface affected) for ‘FHIA 02’ to extremely susceptible Breeding (97%) for ‘Grand Nain’.
    [Show full text]
  • Multiple Gene Genealogies and Phenotypic Characters Differentiate Several Novel Species of Mycosphaerella and Related Anamorphs on Banana
    Persoonia 20, 2008: 19–37 www.persoonia.org RESEARCH ARTICLE doi:10.3767/003158508X302212 Multiple gene genealogies and phenotypic characters differentiate several novel species of Mycosphaerella and related anamorphs on banana M. Arzanlou 1,2, J.Z. Groenewald 1, R.A. Fullerton 3, E.C.A. Abeln 4, J. Carlier 5, M.-F. Zapater 5, I.W. Buddenhagen 6, A. Viljoen 7, P.W. Crous 1,2 Key words Abstract Three species of Mycosphaerella, namely M. eumusae, M. fijiensis, and M. musicola are involved in the Sigatoka disease complex of bananas. Besides these three primary pathogens, several additional species of Mycosphaerella Mycosphaerella or their anamorphs have been described from Musa. However, very little is known about these taxa, phylogeny and for the majority of these species no culture or DNA is available for study. In the present study, we collected a Sigatoka disease complex global set of Mycosphaerella strains from banana, and compared them by means of morphology and a multi-gene taxonomy nucleotide sequence data set. The phylogeny inferred from the ITS region and the combined data set containing partial gene sequences of the actin gene, the small subunit mitochondrial ribosomal DNA and the histone H3 gene revealed a rich diversity of Mycosphaerella species on Musa. Integration of morphological and molecular data sets confirmed more than 20 species of Mycosphaerella (incl. anamorphs) to occur on banana. This study reconfirmed the previously described presence of Cercospora apii, M. citri and M. thailandica, and also identified Mycosphaerella communis, M. lateralis and Passalora loranthi on this host. Moreover, eight new species identified from Musa are described, namely Dissoconium musae, Mycosphaerella mozambica, Pseudocercospora assamensis, P.
    [Show full text]
  • Modelling in Vitro Mycelial Growth, Sporulation and Spore Germination of Pseudocercospora Musae Under Different Illuminance Levels
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/795450; this version posted October 8, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Modelling Pseudocercospora musae Modelling in vitro mycelial growth, sporulation and spore germination of Pseudocercospora musae under different illuminance levels Djalma M. Santana-Filho1,2, Milene C. da Silva2, Zilton J. M. Cordeiro3, Hermínio S. Rocha3 and Francisco F. Laranjeira3 1 Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia Baiano (current address); 2 Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB); 3 Embrapa Cassava&Fruits, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil, CP007, 44380-000; Corresponding author: Francisco F. Laranjeira Email: [email protected] Significance and Impact of the Study: Yellow Sigatoka disease, caused by Pseudocercospora musae, is still one of the most importante banana diseases in Brazil. Its control demands the use of fungicides. New environmental-friendly control methods should be developed. Therefore, the behaviour of both fungus and plant-fungus interaction should be known. We modelled the in vitro behaviour of P. musae in function of light intensity. Our results can help to develop shading strategies to control yellow Sigatoka. Keywords: Musa sp., Mycosphaerella musicola, yellow sigatoka disease, Luminous Intensity ABSTRACT (positive exponential behavior) were Banana is one of the most produced fruits significant for the illuminance levels tested. in the world. Many diseases infect the culture and yellow sigatoka is one of the most INTRODUCTION important. Light may interfere in the pre- Brazil is one of the largest banana penetration parameters of the fungus.
    [Show full text]