Pseudocercospora and Allied Genera Associated with Leaf Spots of Banana (Musa Spp.)
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6. Molecular Studies and Phylogeny
MOLECULAR STUDIES AND PHYLOGENY 14 6. Molecular studies and phylogeny Previous molecular studies employing rDNA ITS sequence data (CROUS et al. 2001) have shown cladosporium-like taxa to cluster adjacent to the main monophyletic Myco- sphaerella clade, suggesting a position apart of the latter genus. Comprehensive ITS (ITS- 1, 5.8S, ITS-2) and 18S rRNA sequence analyses carried out by BRAUN et al. (2003) provided further evidence for the separation of Cladosporium s. str. In the latter paper, results of molecular examinations published by other authors were summarised and phylograms of cladosporium-like fungi were discussed in detail. Human-pathogenic cladophialophora-like hyphomycetes (Herpotrichiellaceae), Sorocybe resinae (Fr.) Fr. (Amorphotheca resinae Parbery) (Amorphothecaceae), Alternaria malorum (Rühle) U. Braun, Crous & Dugan (Cladosporium malorum Rühle) (Pleosporaceae) and cladosporioid Venturia anamorphs (Fusicladium) (Venturiaceae) formed separate monophyletic clades and could be excluded from Cladosporium s. str. Within a big clade formed by members of the Mycosphaerellaceae, true Cladosporium species were shown to represent a sister clade to Mycosphaerella with cercosporoid anamorphs. The new teleomorph genus Davidiella was proposed to accommodate the teleomorphs of Cladosporium formerly placed in Mycosphaerella s. lat. It could be demonstrated that relatively minor differences in the conidiogenous loci and conidial hila support the different phylogenetic affinities. SEIFERT et al. (2004) used morphological characters, ecological features and DNA sequence data to characterise Cladosporium staurophorum taxonomically and phylogene- tically and assigned it to the new genus Devriesia. Together with three additional heat- resistant species, C. staurophorum formed a monophyletic group, with marginal position in the Mycosphaerellaceae, but clearly distinct from Cladosporium s. -
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STUDIES ON FOLIICOLOUS FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH SOME PLANTS DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF e iHasfter of $I|iIos;opf)p JSotanp (PLANT PATHOLOGY) BY J4thar J^ll ganU DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIQARH (INDIA) 2010 s*\ %^ (^/jyr, .ii -^^fffti UnWei* 2 6 OCT k^^ ^ Dedictded To Prof. Mohd, Farooq Azam 91-0571-2700920 Extn-3303 M.Sc, Ph.D. (AUg.), FNSI Ph: 91-0571-2702016(0) 91-0571-2403503 (R) Professor of Botany 09358256574(M) (Plant Nematology) E-mail: [email protected](aHahoo.coin [email protected] Ex-Vice-President, Nematological Society of India. Department of Botany Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh-202002 (U.P.) India Date: z;. t> 2.AI0 Certificate This is to certify that the dissertation entitled """^Studies onfoUicolous fungi associated with some plants** submitted to the Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Philosophy (Plant pathology), is a bonafide work carried out by Mr. Athar Ali Ganie under my supervision. (Prof. Mohd Farooq Azam) Residence: 4/35, "AL-FAROOQ", Bargad House Connpound, Dodhpur, Civil Lines, Aligarh-202002 (U.P.) INDIA. ACKNOWLEDQEMEKT 'First I Sow in reverence to Jifmigfity JlLL.^Jf tfie omnipresent, whose Blessings provided me a [ot of energy and encouragement in accomplishing the tas^ Wo 600^ is ever written in soCitude and no research endeavour is carried out in solitude, I ma^ use of this precious opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude andsincerest than^ to my learned teacher and supervisor ^rof. -
Monocyclic Components for Evaluating Disease Resistance to Cercospora Arachidicola and Cercosporidium Personatum in Peanut
Monocyclic Components for Evaluating Disease Resistance to Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum in Peanut by Limin Gong A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Auburn, Alabama August 6, 2016 Keywords: monocyclic components, disease resistance Copyright 2016 by Limin Gong Approved by Kira L. Bowen, Chair, Professor of Entomology and Plant Pathology Charles Y. Chen, Associate Professor of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences John F. Murphy, Professor of Entomology and Plant Pathology Jeffrey J. Coleman, Assisstant Professor of Entomology and Plant Pathology ABSTRACT Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an economically important crop that is produced in the United States and throughout the world. However, there are two major fungal pathogens of cultivated peanuts, and they each contribute to substantial yield losses of 50% or greater. The pathogens of these diseases are Cercospora arachidicola which causes early leaf spot (ELS), and Cercosporidium personatum which causes late leaf spot (LLS). While fungicide treatments are fairly effective for leaf spot management, disease resistance is still the best strategy. Therefore, it is important to evaluate and compare different genotypes for their disease resistance levels. The overall goal of this study was to determine resistance levels of different peanut genotypes to ELS and LLS. The peanut genotypes (Chit P7, C1001, Exp27-1516, Flavor Runner 458, PI 268868, and GA-12Y) used in this study include two genetically modified lines (Chit P7 and C1001) that over-expresses a chitinase gene. This overall goal was addressed with three specific objectives: 1) determine suitable conditions for pathogen culture and spore production in vitro; 2) determine suitable conditions for establishing infection in the greenhouse; 3) compare ELS and LLS disease reactions of young plants to those of older plants. -
Fusarium Wilt of Bananas: a Review of Agro-Environmental Factors in the Venezuelan Production System Affecting Its Development
agronomy Perspective Fusarium Wilt of Bananas: A Review of Agro-Environmental Factors in the Venezuelan Production System Affecting Its Development Barlin O. Olivares 1,*, Juan C. Rey 2 , Deyanira Lobo 2 , Juan A. Navas-Cortés 3 , José A. Gómez 3 and Blanca B. Landa 3,* 1 Programa de Doctorado en Ingeniería Agraria, Alimentaria, Forestal y del Desarrollo Rural Sostenible, Campus Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain 2 Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay 02105, Venezuela; [email protected] (J.C.R.); [email protected] (D.L.) 3 Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; [email protected] (J.A.N.-C.); [email protected] (J.A.G.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (B.O.O.); [email protected] (B.B.L.) Abstract: Bananas and plantains (Musa spp.) are among the main staple of millions of people in the world. Among the main Musaceae diseases that may limit its productivity, Fusarium wilt (FW), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), has been threatening the banana industry for many years, with devastating effects on the economy of many tropical countries, becoming the leading cause of changes in the land use on severely affected areas. In this article, an updated, reflective and practical review of the current state of knowledge concerning the main agro-environmental factors Citation: Olivares, B.O.; Rey, J.C.; that may affect disease progression and dissemination of this dangerous pathogen has been carried Lobo, D.; Navas-Cortés, J.A.; Gómez, J.A.; Landa, B.B. Fusarium Wilt of out, focusing on the Venezuelan Musaceae production systems. -
Mycosphaerellaceous Fungi and New Species of Venustosynnema and Zasmidium on Ferns and Fern Allies in Taiwan
Phytotaxa 176 (1): 309–323 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ Article PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.29 Mycosphaerellaceous fungi and new species of Venustosynnema and Zasmidium on ferns and fern allies in Taiwan ROLAND KIRSCHNER & LI-CHIA LIU 1 Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli City, 320 Taoyuan County, Taiwan email: [email protected] Abstract Selected fungi on ferns in Taiwan are described, illustrated, annotated and complemented with first DNA sequences. The ranges of distribution, host species, morphology, and the taxonomy of some species were revised. ITS rDNA sequences proved to be useful for distinguishing between species on the same host. A new species of Venustosynnema found on dead leaves of Selaginella moellendorfii differs from the other species of the genus by its small conidiomata with smooth central seta and reniform conidia. A new species of Zasmidium described on living fronds of Dicranopteris linearis is particular by its hyaline, smooth conidia. New data are derived from new collections of Pseudocercospora athyrii, Ps. cyatheae, and Ps. pteridophytophila hitherto only known from the type collections and of Mycosphaerella gleicheniae. Ps. christellae is considered a synonym of Ps. pteridophytophila. M. gleicheniae and Ps. cyatheae are new records for Taiwan. Key words: Ascomycota, Capnodiales, Cyclosorus, Deparia, Dicranopteris, plant pathogens, Sphaeropteris Introduction Stevenson (1945) was probably the pioneer researcher who published an overview of fungi parasitic on ferns. The most recent overview of saprobic, parasitic and symbiotic fungi associated with ferns was published by Mehltreter (2010). -
Universidad Nacional De La Plata Facultad De Ciencias Exactas Departamento Biología
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE LA PLATA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXACTAS DEPARTAMENTO BIOLOGÍA Trabajo de Tesis Doctoral Estudio de las melaninas de Pseudocercospora griseola, agente causante de la mancha angular del poroto y rol biológico. Tesista Lic. Alejandra Bárcena Director Dr. Mario, Carlos Nazareno Saparrat, Codirector Dr. Pedro Alberto Balatti Asesora académica Dra. Mariela, Bruno Año 2016 AGRADECIMIENTOS A la Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CICBA) y a la Comisión Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET) por las becas otorgadas. A la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas por permitirme realizar esta investigación. Al Dr. Mario Saparrat y el Dr. Pedro Balatti, por guiarme, enseñarme, entusiasmarme cuando los resultados eran como esperábamos, y por estimularme cuando así no era. Por cada una de nuestras discusiones para enriquecer el trabajo. Por enseñarme que la paciencia es la madre de la ciencia y el esfuerzo su padre. A la Dra. Mariela Bruno, por ser mi Asesora Académica, por escucharme, por sus palabras de aliento en los momentos más difíciles con esa ternura que la caracteriza. A la Dra. Laura López por asesorarme cuando comencé la tesis. A la Dra. Fernanda Rosas, Dra. María Mirifico, Dra Gabriela Petroselli, Dra Rosa Erra- Balsells, Dra. Ana Gennaro, Dr. José Estévez, por su colaboración con los espectros FTIR, UV MALDI-TOF, EPR, microscopía confocal, y sobre todo por la buena predisposición que siempre demostraron. A los chicos del laboratorio Carla, Darío, Ernest, Grace, Inés, Pepe, Silvina, Rocío, por estar siempre dispuestos a dar una mano en cuestiones de estadística, biología molecular, y también por los lindos momentos extra laborales. -
(A Species).Cdr
BIOTROPIA Vol. 19 No. 1, 2012: 19 - 29 A SPECIES-SPECIFIC PCR ASSAY BASED ON THE INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER (ITS) REGIONS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF Mycosphaerella eumusae, M. fijiensis AND M. musicola ON BANANA IMAN HIDAYAT Microbiology Division, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong 16911, West Java, Indonesia Recipient of BIOTROP Research Grant 2010/Accepted 28 June 2012 ABSTRACT A study on development of a rapid PCR-based detection method based on ITS region of M. eumusae, M. fijiensis , and M. musicola on banana was carried out. The main objecive of this study was to develop a fast and species-specific PCR-based detection method for the presence ofMycosphaerella species on banana. The methods include collection of specimens, morphological identification supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis, RFLP analysis, species-specific primers development, and validation. Two species ofMycosphaerella , namely, M. fijiensisand M. musicola , and one unidentified Pseudocercospora species were found in Java Island. Three restriction enzymes used in the RFLP analysis, viz, AluI, HaeIII, and TaqI were capable to discriminateM. eumusae , M. fijiensis , and M. musicola . Two species-specific primer pairs, viz, MfijF/MfijR and MmusF/MmusR have been successfully developed to detect the presence ofM. fijiensis and M. musicola , respectively. Key words: banana, detection, fungi,Mycosphaerella leaf spot, phytopathology INTRODUCTION Indonesia is one of banana production zones in Southeast Asia. However, crop losses from global climate change and fungal pathogens pose a serious threat not only to Indonesia, but also to global food security. Therefore, these threats should not be underestimated. Among the banana pathogens, three morphologically similar species, viz,Mycosphaerella fijiensis (black leaf streak disease/black Sigatoka), M. -
Battling Black Sigatoka Disease in the Banana Industry July 2013
Subregional Office for the Caribbean ISSUE BRIEF #2 Battling Black Sigatoka Disease in the banana industry July 2013 KEY FACTS X Sigatoka Disease, one of the most dangerous diseases to bananas and plantains, is caused by a fungus. X On infected leaves the fungus continuously produces spores, which are spread from plant to plant and further afield by water and wind. X Affected plants bear smaller bunches and underweight fruit which ripens prematurely, Banana and plantain production plays an important social, economic and making it unsuitable for export. cultural role in the lives of rural communities in many of the countries of the Lesser Antilles and in Guyana and Suriname. X Export has been gravely affected by the disease with up to 100% Though the contribution of the banana industry to regional agriculture has decline in Guyana and 90% decline dwindled, largely due to competition from lower-cost Latin American banana in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. producers and reduced European Union trade preferences, a significant proportion of the labour force still depends on this industry for its livelihood. X In 2011 five countries requested Trade continues within the region to Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago, and FAO assistance - Dominica, Saint many islands have entered into specialized arrangements to capture niche Lucia, Saint Vincent and the markets, particularly in the UK. Grenadines, Grenada and Guyana. Farmers have been encouraged to diversify their cropping systems to include X FAO collaborated with the CARICOM plantain as well and countries have implemented initiatives that seek to bring Secretariat, IICA and CARDI to more value to banana and plantain. -
The Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Impact of Mycosphaerella Species on Eucalypts in South-Western Australia
The Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Impact of Mycosphaerella species on Eucalypts in South-Western Australia By Aaron Maxwell BSc (Hons) Murdoch University Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Murdoch University Perth, Western Australia April 2004 Declaration I declare that the work in this thesis is of my own research, except where reference is made, and has not previously been submitted for a degree at any institution Aaron Maxwell April 2004 II Acknowledgements This work forms part of a PhD project, which is funded by an Australian Postgraduate Award (Industry) grant. Integrated Tree Cropping Pty is the industry partner involved and their financial and in kind support is gratefully received. I am indebted to my supervisors Associate Professor Bernie Dell and Dr Giles Hardy for their advice and inspiration. Also, Professor Mike Wingfield for his generosity in funding and supporting my research visit to South Africa. Dr Hardy played a great role in getting me started on this road and I cannot thank him enough for opening my eyes to the wonders of mycology and plant pathology. Professor Dell’s great wit has been a welcome addition to his wealth of knowledge. A long list of people, have helped me along the way. I thank Sarah Jackson for reviewing chapters and papers, and for extensive help with lab work and the thinking through of vexing issues. Tania Jackson for lab, field, accommodation and writing expertise. Kar-Chun Tan helped greatly with the RAPD’s research. Chris Dunne and Sarah Collins for writing advice. -
Exploring Fungal Mega-Diversity: <I>Pseudocercospora</I> from Brazil
Persoonia 37, 2016: 142–172 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158516X691078 Exploring fungal mega-diversity: Pseudocercospora from Brazil M. Silva1, R.W. Barreto1, O.L. Pereira1, N.M. Freitas1, J.Z. Groenewald2, P.W. Crous2,3,4 Key words Abstract Although the genus Pseudocercospora has a worldwide distribution, it is especially diverse in tropical and subtropical countries. Species of this genus are associated with a wide range of plant species, including several biodiversity economically relevant hosts. Preliminary studies of cercosporoid fungi from Brazil allocated most taxa to Cerco- Capnodiales spora, but with the progressive refinement of the taxonomy of cercosporoid fungi, many species were relocated cercosporoid to or described in Pseudocercospora. Initially, species identification relied mostly on morphological features, and Dothideomycetes thus no cultures were preserved for later phylogenetic comparisons. In this study, a total of 27 Pseudocercospora multigene phylogeny spp. were collected, cultured, and subjected to a multigene analysis. Four genomic regions (LSU, ITS, tef1 and Mycosphaerellaceae actA) were amplified and sequenced. A multigene Bayesian analysis was performed on the combined ITS, actA plant pathogen and tef1 sequence alignment. Our results based on DNA phylogeny, integrated with ecology, morphology and systematics cultural characteristics revealed a rich diversity of Pseudocercospora species in Brazil. Twelve taxa were newly described, namely P. aeschynomenicola, P. diplusodonii, P. emmotunicola, P. manihotii, P. perae, P. planaltinensis, P. pothomorphes, P. sennae-multijugae, P. solani-pseudocapsicicola, P. vassobiae, P. wulffiae and P. xylopiae. Ad- ditionally, eight epitype specimens were designated, three species newly reported, and several new host records linked to known Pseudocercospora spp. -
Sigatoka Diseases Control
1 /4 SIGATOKA DISEASES CONTROL Yellow and Black Sigatoka are banana leaf diseases caused by fungi. They cause significant drying of the leaf surface. The fungi spread in two ways: - by water which carries the conidia (asexual form CONTROL of reproduction) from the upper to the lower leaves S E and suckers, S Conidia - yellow and black Sigatoka - by wind which carries the ascospores (sexual form EA of reproduction) in all directions. S The control of Sigatoka(s) enables the plant to conserve a sufficient number of healthy leaves up to harvest to ensure the normal growth of the fruit. The disease reduces the leaf surface and causes disturbances in the functioning of the plant, leading to a reduction in yield and quality DI SIGATOKA (particularly a higher risk of fast ripening). 1. YELLOW SIGATOKA OR LEAF STREAK DISEASE 2. BLACK SIGATOKA OR BLACK LEAF STREAK DISEASE (Mycosphaerella musicola) (Mycosphaerella fijiensis): A MORE VIRULENT FUNGUS The development of the fungus occurs in five stages: Black Sigatoka is present in almost all tropical banana producing FOR YELLOW SIGATOKA zones but its arrival in the Lesser Antilles is very recent (2009- Stage 1: A tiny yellow spot or light green streak on the upper surface of 2010). leaves. > Hardly observable. YELLOW SIGATOKA BLACK SIGATOKA Upper surface Lower surface 2.1-Description of symptoms and differentiation with Yellow Stage 2: The spots stretch out Sigatoka into yellow streaks of 3-4mm; this is the optimal stage for treatment. The symptoms of Black Sigatoka are sometimes not distinguishable from those of Yellow Sigatoka, especially in > Streaks 1 to 5 mm. -
Banana Black Sigatoka Pathogen Pseudocercospora Fijiensis (Synonym Mycosphaerella Fijiensis) Genomes Reveal Clues for Disease Control
Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Faculty Publications Department of Botany and Plant Pathology 2016 Combating a Global Threat to a Clonal Crop: Banana Black Sigatoka Pathogen Pseudocercospora fijiensis (Synonym Mycosphaerella fijiensis) Genomes Reveal Clues for Disease Control Rafael E. Arango-Isaza Corporacion para Investigaciones Biologicas, Plant Biotechnology Unit, Medellin, Colombia Caucasella Diaz-Trujillo Wageningen University and Research Centre, Plant Research International, Wageningen, Netherlands Braham Deep Singh Dhillon Purdue University, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Andrea L. Aerts DOE Joint Genome Institute Jean Carlier CIRAD Centre de Recherche de Montpellier Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/btnypubs Part of the Botany Commons, and the Plant Pathology Commons See next page for additional authors Recommended Citation Arango Isaza, R.E., Diaz-Trujillo, C., Dhillon, B., Aerts, A., Carlier, J., Crane, C.F., V. de Jong, T., de Vries, I., Dietrich, R., Farmer, A.D., Fortes Fereira, C., Garcia, S., Guzman, M.l, Hamelin, R.C., Lindquist, E.A., Mehrabi, R., Quiros, O., Schmutz, J., Shapiro, H., Reynolds, E., Scalliet, G., Souza, M., Jr., Stergiopoulos, I., Van der Lee, T.A.J., De Wit, P.J.G.M., Zapater, M.-F., Zwiers, L.-H., Grigoriev, I.V., Goodwin, S.B., Kema, G.H.J. Combating a Global Threat to a Clonal Crop: Banana Black Sigatoka Pathogen Pseudocercospora fijiensis (Synonym Mycosphaerella fijiensis) Genomes Reveal Clues for Disease Control. PLoS Genetics Volume 12, Issue 8, August 2016, Article number e1005876, 36p This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries.