Mapping and Interpretation of Background Levels of Lead

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Mapping and Interpretation of Background Levels of Lead Mapping and Interpretation of Background Levels of Lead Concentrations in Natural Soils A case study of Ale municipality Master of Science Thesis in the Master’s Programme Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering PETRA ALMQVIST, ROBERT ANDERSON Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Division of GeoEngineering CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Göteborg, Sweden 2014 Master’s Thesis 2014:41 MASTER’S THESIS 2014:41 Mapping and Interpretation of Background Levels of Lead Concentrations in Natural Soils A case study of Ale municipality Master of Science Thesis in the Master’s Programme Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering PETRA ALMQVIST, ROBERT ANDERSON Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Division of GeoEngineering CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Göteborg, Sweden 2014 Mapping and Interpretation of Background Levels of Lead Concentrations in Natural Soils - A case study of Ale municipality Master of Science Thesis in the Master’s Programme Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering P. ALMQVIST, R. ANDERSON © P. ALMQVIST, R. ANDERSON, 2014 Examensarbete / Institutionen för bygg- och miljöteknik, Chalmers tekniska högskola 2014:41 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Division of GeoEngineering Chalmers University of Technology SE-412 96 Göteborg Sweden Telephone: + 46 (0)31-772 1000 Cover: Interpolation map for the Nödinge profile and characteristic forest of Ale. Photo: Petra Almqvist Name of the printers / Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Göteborg, Sweden 2014 Mapping and Interpretation of Background Levels of Lead Concentrations in Natural Soils - A case study of Ale municipality Master of Science Thesis in the Master’s Programme Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering PETRA ALMQVIST, ROBERT ANDERSON Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Division of GeoEngineering Chalmers University of Technology ABSTRACT Based on unexpectedly high background lead levels measured in peat soil in Ale municipality in 2011, a further, more comprehensive investigation of lead concentrations in Ale forests was required. Ale municipality, bordering the Göta River and the E6 and E45 highways to the east, has a long industrial history, but is currently undergoing residential growth and development. Much of Ale is characterized by large north-south ridges with outcropping metamorphic rocks of the fennoscandian shield and very little soil cover. Most of the natural soil studied could be classified as peat or mor forest soil, which is highly organic, and known to retain metals. Three west-east profiles of 2km in length were studied in the municipality, along with a small reference area in the furthest, most remote corner of Ale. A total of 104 soil samples, taken at a depth of 10cm, were sent to laboratory for metal analysis. The mean concentrations of total lead in each profile, including the reference area, were found to far exceed the Swedish EPA's generic guideline value (KM), with very few samples below this 50 mg/kg TS level. Cadmium and arsenic levels were also found to exceed guideline values in all three profiles. A correlation analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of elevation, distance to the E45 highway, northing, dry content, and soil type on the concentration of lead, arsenic and cadmium. Generally weak correlations were observed, except for dry content, which showed some stronger correlation for arsenic and cadmium. The spatial correlation of the data was modeled using ordinary kriging, and interpolation of the data was achieved using the SADA software. The resulting semi-variogram and profile mapping shows fairly good spatial correlation and some localized pattern of the lead deposition. As a result of the investigation, it can be said that the lead deposition pathways for the area studied are quite unclear, and it is likely that much of it could be attributed to long range sources, given the lack of correlation with distance to the highway and industry. An assessment of the risk of the lead concentrations to human health is difficult, since it depends on several unanswered questions, such as the potential exposure and bioavailability of lead from the organic soil. Key words: Contaminated land/soil, Lead, Natural soil, Kriging, Mapping, Peat, Background levels I II Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Problem description 1 1.2 Aim 2 1.3 Disposition 2 2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 3 2.1 Natural soils 3 2.1.1 Peat 4 2.1.2 Lithosol 5 2.2 Lead 6 2.2.1 Natural and background contents of lead 6 2.2.2 Lead sources 10 2.3 Guideline values 12 2.3.1 Generic 12 2.3.2 Site-Specific 12 2.4 Statistics 12 2.4.1 Statistical parameters 13 2.4.2 Random sampling 13 2.4.3 Correlation 13 2.4.4 ANOVA 14 2.4.5 Kriging 14 3 STUDY AREA 17 3.1 Previous study of Skårdal Skans 18 3.2 Local sources of lead 20 4 METHOD 23 4.1 Sampling Plan 23 4.2 Sampling 26 4.2.1 Procedure 26 4.2.2 Soil Type 26 4.2.3 GPS Correction 27 4.2.4 Elevation 29 4.3 Analysis 30 4.3.1 Laboratory Analysis 30 4.3.2 Software 30 4.4 Human health risk assessment 31 4.5 Mapping and Interpolation 31 5 RESULTS 33 CHALMERS Civil and Environmental Engineering, Master’s Thesis 2014:41 III 5.1 Lab results 33 5.1.1 Surte 36 5.1.2 Bohus 37 5.1.3 Nödinge 37 5.1.4 Reference area 38 5.2 Correlation 39 5.2.1 Distance to E45 39 5.2.2 To % dry substance 40 5.2.3 To northing 41 5.2.4 To elevation 42 5.2.5 To soil type 43 5.3 ANOVA 44 5.3.1 Lead 44 5.3.2 Arsenic 44 5.4 Mapping and Interpolation 45 5.4.1 Correlation Modeling 46 5.4.2 Surte 47 5.4.3 Bohus 48 5.4.4 Nödinge 48 5.5 Human health risk assessment 49 5.6 Comparison with Previous Study in Skårdal Skans 49 6 DISCUSSION 51 6.1 Methodology 51 6.2 Results 51 6.2.1 Elevation , Northing and Distance to E45 52 6.2.2 Soil Type and % Dry Substance 53 6.2.3 ANOVA 53 6.2.4 Spatial Correlation and Interpolation 53 6.2.5 Human health 54 6.2.6 Comparison to Previous Study 55 7 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 57 8 REFERENCES 59 APPENDIX I - MAP OF LEAD LEVELS, ALE 63 APPENDIX II - LAB ANALYSIS REPORTS 65 CHALMERS, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Master’s Thesis 2014:41 IV Figures and Tables Figure 1.1: Disposition of the thesis .............................................................................. 2 Figure 2.1: Schematic figure of soil layer order ............................................................ 3 Figure 2.2: Dominating top soil layers of Sweden (SLU, 2006) ................................... 4 Figure 2.3: Levels of lead in the mor layer to the left, and in glacial till to the right (Johansson et al., 2001) (SGU, n.d a). ........................................................................... 8 Figure 2.4: Lead emissions to air in Sweden between 1990-2011 (SEPA, 2013) ....... 11 Figure 2.5: Empirical semi-variogram (ArcGIS, 2012) ............................................... 15 Figure 2.6: Spherical modeled semi-variogram (ArcGIS, 2012) ................................. 15 Figure 2.7: Fitted semi-variogram (ArcGIS, 2012) ..................................................... 16 Figure 3.1: Map of Ale municipality. The Göta River and E45 mark the western boundary (Ale Kommun, 2013) ................................................................................... 17 Figure 4.1: Profiles of initial interest. (Google, 2013) (SGU, 2013) ........................... 23 Figure 4.2: Overview map of the three profiles ........................................................... 24 Figure 4.3: Stratified random sampling plan over 60m grid. ....................................... 25 Figure 4.4: Reference sampling plan east of Skepplanda (Google, 2013) ................... 26 Figure 4.5: Sample extraction and bagging from peat soil (left) and mor soil (right). Photo: Petra Almqvist .................................................................................................. 27 Figure 4.6: Actual sampled locations (green) vs. intended sampling points (pink). ... 28 Figure 4.7: GPS Route overlays. A-Nödinge, B-Bohus, C-Surte ................................ 29 Figure 4.8: GPS Overlay with Elevation ..................................................................... 30 Figure 4.9: Correlation modelling inputs (SADA, 2013) ............................................ 32 Figure 5.1: Distribution of lab results for lead, Surte profile. ...................................... 34 Figure 5.2: Distribution of lab results for lead, profile Bohus ..................................... 34 Figure 5.3: Distribution of lab results for lead, profile Nödinge ................................. 35 Figure 5.4: Distribution of lab results for lead, reference area .................................... 35 Figure 5.5: Results summary for the three profiles and reference area, mg/kg TS ..... 36 Figure 5.6: Lead levels found in the three profiles plotted against their distance to the road E45. ...................................................................................................................... 40 Figure 5.7: Lead level correlation to %dry substance, for the three profiles and the reference area. .............................................................................................................. 41 Figure 5.8: Lead levels correlation to Northing coordinates, the three profiles and the reference area. .............................................................................................................. 42 Figure 5.9: Lead levels vs. Elevation ........................................................................... 43 Figure 5.10: Comparison of lead
Recommended publications
  • Hållbara Och Attraktiva Stationssamhällen
    HÅLLBARA OCH ATTRAKTIVA STATIONSSAMHÄLLEN Titel: Hållbara och attraktiva stationssamhällen, HASS (populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning) Författare: Åsa Hult, Anders Roth och Sebastian Bäckström, IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet, Camilla Stålstad, RISE Viktoria ICT, Julia Jonasson, RISE samt Maja Kovacs, Ida Röstlund och Lisa Bomble, Chalmers. Medel från: Vinnova, Västra Götalandsregionen, Ale kommun och Lerums kommun Layout: Ragnhild Berglund, IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet Bild framsida: Pendelpoden, en mobilitetstjänst som testades inom projektet I rapporten hänvisas till bilagor med mer detaljerade resultat från studien. De kan laddas ner från projektets sida hos www.ivl.se. Rapportnummer: C318 ISBN-nr: 978-91-88787-61-3 Upplaga: Finns endast som PDF-fil för egen utskrift © IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet 2018 IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet AB, Box 210 60, 100 31 Stockholm Telefon 010-788 65 00 • www.ivl.se Rapporten har granskats och godkänts i enlighet med IVL:s ledningssystem SAMMANFATTNING Projektet Hållbara och attraktiva stationssamhällen (HASS) är ett utmanings­ drivet innovationsprojekt som utvecklat och testat lösningar som kan bidra till en mindre bilberoende livsstil i samhällen utanför storstäder. Stationssamhällena Lerum och Nödinge (i Ale belöningar kan få människor att ändra sina resvanor. kommun) strax utanför Göteborg har varit test- Vidare utvecklades en affärsmodell för plattformen arenor i projektet. 24 projektpartners från olika (appen) för lokala res- och transporttjänster. sektorer har deltagit; kommuner, regioner, I projektet har en medskapandeprocess använts, där forskningsorganisationer, fastighetsbolag, både projektparter och allmänhet har bjudits in att detaljhandel, banker, mäklare, företag inom tycka till och uttrycka sina behov. persontransport samt en it-plattforms leverantör. Parkeringsstudien, planeringsverktyget för Projektet tar sin utgångspunkt i två konkreta markexploatering samt själva projektprocessen politiska mål; öka byggandet i kommunerna och har varit till stor nytta för parterna.
    [Show full text]
  • Collaboration on Sustainable Urban Development in Mistra Urban Futures
    Collaboration on sustainable urban development in Mistra Urban Futures 1 Contents The Gothenburg Region wants to contribute where research and practice meet .... 3 Highlights from the Gothenburg Region’s Mistra Urban Futures Network 2018....... 4 Urban Station Communities ............................................................................................ 6 Thematic Networks within Mistra Urban Futures ......................................................... 8 Ongoing Projects ............................................................................................................ 10 Mistra Urban Futures events during 2018 .................................................................. 12 Agenda 2030 .................................................................................................................. 14 WHAT IS MISTRA URBAN FUTURES? Mistra Urban Futures is an international research and knowledge centre for sustainable urban development. We develop and apply knowledge to promote accessible, green and fair cities. Co-production – jointly defining, developing and applying knowledge across different disciplines and subject areas from both research and practice – is our way of working. The centre was founded in and is managed from Gothenburg, but also has platforms in Skåne (southern Sweden), Stockholm, Sheffield-Manchester (United Kingdom), Kisumu (Kenya), and Cape Town (South Africa). www.mistraurbanfutures.org The Gothenburg Region (GR) consists of 13 municipalities The Gothenburg Region 2019. who have chosen
    [Show full text]
  • Mobility Between European Regions Regional Mobility Systems for the People Mobireg 2 Index
    Mobility between European regions Regional mobility systems for the people Mobireg 2 Index Introduction: . Regional governments and citizen mobility for study and work purposes Gianfranco Simoncini, Assessore regionale, Regione Toscana 1 . Criteria for transparency in the quality of the mobility between the Regions of Europe: describers of reception services 2 . Quality in inter-regional mobility, Xavier Farriols, Departament d’Educació, Generalitat de Catalunya 3 . Examples of regional plans for using ESF for inter-regional co-operation at European level: Regional Government of Tuscany, Giacomo Gambino, Regione Toscana 4 . The regional system of trans-national mobility Region of Tuscany- Directorate-General for Cultural and Education policy 5 . Catalan Regional Platform for Mobility: Policies for inter-regional cooperation. Planning and manage ment system for inter-regional mobility 6 . Mobility for study purposes in Region Västra Götaland Annexes 1 . Memorandum of Understanding between the Regional Government and the Regional Government with regard to developing a programme of mobility in lifelong learning . 2 . Programme for stage and exchange activities between the Departament d’Educació i Universitats de la Generalitat de Catalunya and Tuscany Regional Authority concerning professional training . 3 . Plan for the implementation of the Bilateral Agreement on mobility signed by Tuscany Regional Authority and the Generalitat de Catalunya . 4 . Programme for stage and exchange activities between the Region Västra Götaland and Tuscany Regional Authority concerning professional training . 5 . .Implementation Plan of the Bilateral agreement on mobility between Regione Toscana and Region Västra Götaland . Project Mobireg, Regional Mobility, financed by the European Commission- Official Journal 2006/C 194/10 Call for Proposals – DG EAC No 45/06 – Award of grants for the establishment and development of platforms and measures to promote and support the mobility of apprentices and other young people in initial vocational training (IVT) Agreement n .
    [Show full text]
  • Landslide Risks in the Göta River Valley in a Changing Climate
    Landslide risks in the Göta River valley in a changing climate Final report Part 2 - Mapping GÄU The Göta River investigation 2009 - 2011 Linköping 2012 The Göta River investigation Swedish Geotechnical Institute (SGI) Final report, Part 2 SE-581 93 Linköping, Sweden Order Information service, SGI Tel: +46 13 201804 Fax: +46 13 201914 E-mail: [email protected] Download the report on our website: www.swedgeo.se Photos on the cover © SGI Landslide risks in the Göta River valley in a changing climate Final report Part 2 - Mapping Linköping 2012 4 Landslide risks in the Göta älv valley in a changing climate 5 Preface In 2008, the Swedish Government commissioned the Swedish Geotechnical Institute (SGI) to con- duct a mapping of the risks for landslides along the entire river Göta älv (hereinafter called the Gö- ta River) - risks resulting from the increased flow in the river that would be brought about by cli- mate change (M2008/4694/A). The investigation has been conducted during the period 2009-2011. The date of the final report has, following a government decision (17/11/2011), been postponed until 30 March 2012. The assignment has involved a comprehensive risk analysis incorporating calculations of the prob- ability of landslides and evaluation of the consequences that could arise from such incidents. By identifying the various areas at risk, an assessment has been made of locations where geotechnical stabilising measures may be necessary. An overall cost assessment of the geotechnical aspects of the stabilising measures has been conducted in the areas with a high landslide risk.
    [Show full text]
  • An Investment Strategy Framework for Rental Real Estate
    An Investment Strategy Framework for Rental Real Estate An Analysis of Potential Yields and Strategic Options in Western Sweden Master of Science Thesis in the Master Degree Programme, Management and Economcis of Innovation FREDRIK HÄRENSTAM JOHAN THUNGREN LUNDH JAKOB UNFORS Department of Technology Management and Economics Division of Innovation Engineering and Management CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Göteborg, Sweden, 2012 Report No. E 2012:086 MASTER’S THESIS E 2012:086 An Investment Strategy Framework for Rental Real Estate An Analysis of Potential Yields and Strategic Options in Western Sweden FREDRIK HÄRENSTAM JOHAN THUNGREN LUNDH JAKOB UNFORS Tutor, Chalmers: Jonas Hjerpe Tutor, company: Fredrik Svensson Department of Technology Management and Economics Division of Innovation Engineering and Management CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Göteborg, Sweden 2012 An Investment Strategy Framework for Rental Real Estate An Analysis of Potential Yields and Strategic Options in Western Sweden Fredrik Härenstam, Johan Thungren Lundh, and Jakob Unfors © Fredrik Härenstam, Johan Thungren Lundh, Jakob Unfors, 2012 Master’s Thesis E 2012:086 Department of Technology Management and Economics Division of Innovation Engineering and Management Chalmers University of Technology SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden Telephone: + 46 (0)31-772 1000 Chalmers Reproservice Göteborg, Sweden 2012 Preface We would like to thank both Fredrik Svensson and Jonas Hjerpe in providing insightful guidance throughout the course of this project. Their support helped structure and push the work forward. They were also instrumental in gathering expert opinion to create a forum of real estate investment insight in which our work could be vented and tested along the way. We would also like to thank all respondents for their participation.
    [Show full text]
  • Kommuninvest Green Bonds Impact Report
    Kommuninvest Green Bonds Impact Report, December 2016 Report on 81 Swedish local government investment projects financed by Kommuninvest Green Bonds as of year-end 2016. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), officially known as Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, are a set of seventeen aspirational global goals, with 169 specific targets, adopted through a United Nations resolution in September 2015. The Kom- muninvest Green Bonds Framework addresses six of the SDGs, as presented below. • #6 Clean Water and Sanitation • #7 Affordable and Clean Energy • #9 Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure • #11 Sustainable Cities and Communities • #13 Climate Action • #15 Life on Land About Kommuninvest Kommuninvest is a Swedish municipal cooperation set up in 1986 to provide cost-efficient and sustainable financing for local government investments in housing, infrastructure, schools, hos- pitals etc. The cooperation comprises 288 out of Sweden’s 310 local governments, of which 277 municipalities and 11 county councils/regions. Kommuninvest is the largest lender to the Swedish local government sector and the sixth largest credit institution in Sweden. At year-end 2016, total assets were SEK 362 billion, with a loan portfolio of SEK 277 billion. The head office is located in Örebro. kommuninvest.se Cover page: iStock ISBN: 978-91-983081-2-9 1 Foreword by the Kommuninvest Green Bonds Environmental Committee Dear reader, It gives us great pleasure to provide you with cal governments with access to green financing this first green bonds impact report, follow- for green investments. To that end, we deem ing the introduction of Kommuninvest Green the launch of the framework a success.
    [Show full text]
  • Approved Application Summaries
    Approved Application Summaries ICLD Municipal Partnership Programme Application Period 2, 2016 1 Page Ref nr Swedish Part Application Decision Bosnia and Herzegovina 4 2016-0079 Haninge Municipality Inception Approval Botswana 6 2016-0087 Vänersborg Municipality Project Approval China 9 2016-0073 Borlänge Municipality Steering group Approval 12 2016-0076 Borlänge Municipality Project Approval Georgia 15 2016-0082 City of Mölndal Steering group Approval 18 2016-0083 City of Mölndal Project Approval 23 2016-0085 Skövde Municipality Inception Approval Kenya 26 2016-0064 Umeå Municipality Project Approval 32 2016-0065 Umeå Municipality Steering group Approval 35 2016-0070 Robertsfors Municipality Development/Expansion Approval 40 2016-0077 Norrköping Municipality Steering group Approval 42 2016-0078 Norrköping Municipality Project Approval Kosovo 46 2016-0069 Växjö Municipality Project Approval Moldova 50 2016-0058 Ale Municipality Inception Approval 54 2016-0072 Borlänge Municipality Development/Expansion Approval Mozambique 57 2016-0093 City of Lidingö Inception Approval Namibia 60 2016-0080 Vara Municipality Inception Approval South Africa 62 2016-0062 Växjö Municipality Project Approval 66 2016-0063 Växjö Municipality Development/Expansion Approval 2 Tanzania 71 2016-0075 Älvsbyn Municipality Steering group Approval 74 2016-0081 Strängnäs Municipality Inception Approval Uganda 76 2016-0084 Leksand Municipality Project Approval 79 2016-0086 Leksand Municipality Steering group Approval Zambia 81 2016-0089 Lidköping Municipality Inception Approval 3 Inception Phase Municipal Partnership Programme Swedish applicant organization: Country of cooperation: Haninge Municipality Bosnia and Herzegovina Amount applied for (SEK): Cooperation partner Local government in cooperation country: 220000 Kozarska Dubica Ref : 2016-0079 Summary of the application: In Haninge Municipality, there are a large number of residents from Bosnia-Herzegovina.
    [Show full text]
  • Súdwest-Fryslân Project Hälsogreppet
    HälsoGReppet 14–16 november 2018 Study visit Göteborg – Leeuwarden – Súdwest-Fryslân Project HälsoGReppet HälsoGReppet is a project funded by the European Social Fund running from 1 April 2017 – 31 January 2020. The project has 12 participating municipalities from the Gothenburg region: Ale, Alingsås, Härryda, Lerum, Lilla Edet, Kungsbacka, Kungälv, Mölndal, Partille, Stenungsund, Tjörn and Öckerö. Försäkringskassan (the national social insurance agency) and Närhälsan (public primary care provider in the Västra Götaland region) are also participating in the project as partners, and the City of Gothenburg participates in some parts of the project. The purpose of HälsoGReppet is to create condi- municipality’s opportunities and challenges. In addi- tions that promote better health in the work place, tion to this, there is a steering committee consisting through preventative health-promoting efforts, of GR’s network of HR managers, who initiated the as well as through preventing and counteracting project, as well as representatives from Försäkrings- work absences caused by mental illness, among the kassan and Närhälsan. participating municipalities’ staff members. The pri- The project aspires to reach and involve 1 200 mary targets of the project are managers and staff people, for example as participants in lectures or members within female dominated sectors of the other educational efforts. The project is divided into municipal services, such as health and social care and four sub-projects, each with its own goals. Within all education. sub-projects there’s activities taking place on both a local and regional level. Background • Sub-project 1 aims to create a model of ana- The number of work absences has increased consi- lysis which both shows the general causes of derably in the last few years – from 5% of working the mental illness and identifies success factors hours in 2010, to 8 % in 2015.
    [Show full text]
  • Kommun Invest Green Bonds Impact Report, December 2017
    Kommun invest Green Bonds Impact Report, December 2017 Report on 146 Swedish local government investment projects financed by Kommun invest Green Bonds as of year-end 2017. CONTENTS About this report This report was written and compiled by: Foreword By the Kommun invest Green Bonds Environmenal Committee ....................4 • Björn Bergstrand, Head of Sustainability/ Senior Investor Relations Manager, Kommun invest i Sverige AB Executive Summary ...........................................................................................................................................................6 • Erik Törnblom, Analyst, Kommun invest i Sverige AB Introduction Any errors, omissions or otherwise are our Paris targets and the role of Swedish local governments ..........................................................9 responsibility. Project impact reporting is based on data col- Kommun invest – a provider of sustainable finance .......................................................................10 lected from financed projects during Q4-2017 Nordic position paper on Green Bonds impact reporting ....................................................... 13 and Q1-2018. The data has been reviewed by Kommun invest however their accuracy has not been verified by neither Kommun invest nor Kommun invest Green Bonds a third party. Climate impact calculations have been made by Kommun invest, and their accu- Green Bonds issuance �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������16
    [Show full text]
  • The Ale Municipality Project
    The Ale Municipality project I am, nowadays, a part of a group who works for the British government. Our task is to develop a platform for how to educate entrepreneurs in future Great Britain. Here is the answer. This is, in all likelihood, a unique concept that more people should get knowledge of. The Municipality of Ale is a predecessor, which I hope that your government has observed. Roger Mumby-Croft Warwick University ORGANISED BY Contact: Thomas Sundsmyr, Ale Municipality E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +46 303 330 935 BACKGROUND / PURPOSE / AIM ”The Entrepreneurs of Tomorrow” was a successful training programme, which during the years ”It has been a special experience. A serious and interesting task, combined with a 2001 - 2004 was organised by the municipality of Ale. In 2005, the project was developed further and lot of humour. Besides all new knowledge, I have built myself a completely new was named “Young Entrepreneurs in the new Europe”. Together with the twin towns/sister commu- nities of Ale (Kaufungen in Germany, Bertinoro in Italy, Raahe in Finland), Marlborough -Warwick network with people from large parts of the world” in England, and St.Petersburg in Russia, and Budesti in Moldavia - we carry out an entrepreneurship training for young people, in collaboration with the University of Warwick in England. ”I have learnt many new things, and to dare to think in new ways.. I believe that The purpose with the training is to stimulate young people to become future entrepreneurs. By recruit- my self-confidence has strengthened” ing participants from eight different cultures, the programme contributes to the development of langu- age skills, to an increased capacity, to cooperate and to develop social skills with others from different ”It’s been absolutely great.
    [Show full text]
  • Bure Annual Report 1997 Contents 1997 Operations
    BURE ANNUAL REPORT 1997 CONTENTS 1997 OPERATIONS Managing Director’s Comments . 1 •Consolidated earnings after financial items increased to SEK 781M. Earnings per Bure’s orientation . 4 share amounted to SEK 11. The Parent Company’s earnings after tax The Bure share . 6 amounted to SEK 617M. Valuation . 8 • Bure Health Care increased its invoiced sales to SEK 1,488M. Operations have Expertise . 11 been established in Norway following the acquisition of 50 per cent of Norway’s Development projects . 12 largest private hospital, Volvat Medisinske Senter and in Denmark following the ■ Bure Health Care . 14 acquisition of the distribution company, ■ Specialist Care . 18 Simonsen & Weel and the laboratory company, Medi-Lab. ■ Geriatric Care . 19 ■ Occupational Health Care . 20 • Within Bure IT/InfoMedia, the ownership ■ Diagnostics . 22 in Scribona increased to 51 per cent of ■ Materials Supply . 23 capital and 64 per cent of votes. 52 per cent of the data communication company, ■ Bure IT/InfoMedia . 24 Salcom Communication, was acquired ■ Scribona . 27 during the year. ■ IT Services . 28 • Bure Investments acquired Åre Invest in ■ Information Services . 31 January which later during the year formed Åre Vemdalen AB, and 12 per cent of ■ Bure Investments . 32 Nobel Biocare in December. ■ Chematur Engineering . 35 ■ Åre Vemdalen . 36 • Bure’s holdings in BT Industries and Spira ■ Gunnebo . 38 were sold with Groupwise capital gains of ■ Troponor . 39 SEK 162M and SEK 107M, respectively. ■ Svolder . 40 • The Parent Company’s asset management ■ Nobel Biocare . 41 contributed SEK 369M to earnings. ■ InnovationsKapital . 42 • The Board of Directors proposes that the ■ Nordic Capital . 43 AGM decide on a dividend of SEK 5.50 per share.
    [Show full text]
  • Potentials of Entrepreneurial Approaches in Addressing Global Societal Challenges: the Case of Fresh Water Supply
    Submitted by: Alaleh Fallah Toussi (11735049) Submitted at: Institute of Innovation Management Supervisor: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Matthias Fink December 2020 Potentials of Entrepreneurial Approaches in Addressing Global Societal Challenges: The Case of Fresh Water Supply Master’s Thesis to confer the academic degree of Master of Science in the Master’s Program Management JOHANNES KEPLER UNIVERSITY LINZ Altenberger Str. 69 4040 Linz, Austria www.jku.at DVR 0093696 Statutory Declaration I hereby declare that the thesis submitted is my own unaided work, that I have not used other than the sources indicated, and that all direct and indirect sources are acknowledged as references. This printed thesis is identical with the electronic version submitted. Linz, 20.12.2020 2 Abstract This research “originally” aims to examine the general issues of water distribution to consumers in dispersed areas in Sweden and the question if a startup could be a solution to their current and future issues. My goal is to clarify how an entrepreneurial business model can look up for disperse areas in Sweden in order to distribute water and deliver energy supplies to inhabitants. In doing so, we have selected the municipality of Lilla Edet in Västra Götaland County of Sweden as an example. Although this research in particular focuses on scattered areas in Sweden, the insights and the conclusions could be possibly practical elsewhere in Europe, Africa or the Middle East. 3 Acknowledgement I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my patient University Professor and also Supervisor, Professor Dr. Fink who has always supported me through the entire process of conducting my thesis from the beginning until the end.
    [Show full text]