Assessment of Qualitative and Quantitative Flower Quality Parameters of Certain Commercial Jasmine Varieties During Flowering Season

Available online at www.ijpab.com Patel et al Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 6 (1): 1652-1655 (2018) ISSN: 2320 – 7051 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.5831 ISSN: 2320 – 7051 Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 6 (1): 1652-1655 (2018) Research Article

Assessment of Qualitative and Quantitative Flower Quality Parameters of Certain Commercial Jasmine Varieties during Flowering Season

Monika Patel1*, M. Ganga2, M. Jawaharlal3 and P. Jeyakumar4 1Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 2Horticulture Research Station, Ooty, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 3Horticulture College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 4 Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore *Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected] Received: 4.10.2017 | Revised: 13.11.2017 | Accepted: 19.11.2017

ABSTRACT Qualitative and quantitative flower quality parameters of jasmine are important in commercial as well as export point of view. Jasmine has the unique fragrance cointaining white flowers which is a highly valued ornamental plant in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Many varieties of the commercial Jasminum species are cultivated in India. Present study was done over the seven commercially cultivated varieties of South India region, i.e., Ramanathapuram Gundumalli, Madanban, Ramabanam, Single Mohra, CO.1 Mullai, Parimullai and CO.1 Pitchi. There is very less or no scientific evidence available on the performance of flowers during flowering season. In this study, highest flower bud diameter (0.90 cm) recorded in Single Mohra where as highest flower bud length recorded in CO. 1 Pitchi (3.85 cm). Highest hundred flower bud weight (28.60 g) and single flower bud weight (0.275 g) were observed in Madanban. It is important to study the qualitative and quantitative flower quality parameters of jasmine to gain profit in the flower export business as well as in value addition businesses.

Key words: Jasminum spp., Commercial varieties, Quality parameters, Flowering season.

INTRODUCTION other tropical and subtropical countries are Jasmine (Jasminum spp.) is one of the adorned with jasmine plants. India is an traditional and oldest cultivated flower crop. It important center of origin for many of the belongs to the family Oleaceae and it is a Jasminum species. Flowers are one of the native plant of South and Southeast Asia. A beautiful creations of god4. Description, large number of species are distributed around distribution and illustrations of 11 jasmine the regions comprising India, China and species along with Jasminum grandiflorum, Malaysia1. For the past several centuries, the Jasminum sambac and a few other species gardens of Central Asia, Afghanistan, Iran, were reported by Kirtikar and Basu8. Nepal, Indonesia, Malaysia, France and many

Cite this article: Patel, M., Ganga, M., Jawaharlal, M. and Jeyakumar, P., Assessment of Qualitative and

Quantitative Flower Quality Parameters of Certain Commercial Jasmine Varieties during Flowering Season, Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 6(1): 1652-1655 (2018). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.5831

Patel et al Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 6 (1): 1652-1655 (2018) ISSN: 2320 – 7051 The attractive foliage and unique fragrant and the results were interpreted. Statistical white flowers make it a highly valued analysis was done by AGRES software cultivated crop in India, Thailand, China, Sri package. Lanka and the Philippines. More than 2,000 species are known among which 40 species are RESULTS AND DISCUSSION identified in India and 20 species are found in Flower bud diameter, open flower diameter, South India2. Commercial cultivation is flower bud length and corolla tube length are confined to mainly four species, viz., important qualitative parameters for jasmine Jasminum sambac, Jasminum auriculatum and export business. Commercial acceptability of Jasminum grandiflorum which are largely jasmine flowers are depended over these cultivated and J. multiflorum which is quality parameters7. Highest flower bud cultivated to a small extent. In India, South diameter (0.90 cm) noticed in Sigle Mohra India occupy most of the jasmine cultivated variety where as lowest (0.41 cm) noticed in areas. Jasmine flowers are mainly exported to Parimullai. Highest open flower diameter countries like Singapore, Malaysia, Japan, UK, (5.80 cm) recorded in Ramabanam variety of USA, Eastern European and Gulf countries. J. sambac and lowest open flower diameter During pre flowering season the export is (2.05 cm) noted in Parimullai variety of J. hamphered due to shortage in flower supply. auriculatum (Table 1). CO.1 Pitchi variety of So, it is important to study the basic qualitative J. grandiflorum had highest Flower bud and quantitative flower quality parameters to length (3.85 cm) and Corolla tube length (1.98 identify the best suitable variety for growing in cm). Lowest flower bud length (1.50 cm) and pre flowering season to maintain the lowest corolla tube length (0.74 cm) recorded uninterrupted supply chain to exporting in Single Mohra (Table 1). Variations were countries. observed among the varieties in qualitative flower quality parameters. This variation may MATERIAL AND METHODS be due to the influence of genetic makeup of Fresh jasmine flowers of Ramanathapuram the genotypes and environmental Gundumalli, Madanban, Ramabanam, Single modulations12. Mohra, CO.1 Mullai, Parimullai and CO.1 Total flower bud yield and hundred Pitchi varieties were collected in the early flower bud weight are mainly dependent on morning hours from the experimental plots the individual flower bud weight. In the present in Botanic Garden, Department of present study, variation was observed in Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, hundred flower bud weight (g) under field Tamilnadu Agricultural University, conditions. Highest hundred flower bud weight Coimbatore during flowering season from (28.60 g) was recorded in Madanban and the 2012 to 2013. Different species have different lowest (6.80 g) in Parimullai (Figure 1, Table flowering periods. February to April, April to 1). Highest value for hundred flower bud May and March to June are flowering seasons weight of 5.3g to 9g in first year and 5.2g to for J. sambac, J. auriculatum and J. 8.9g in second year in 18 hybrid progenies of grandiflorum respectively. Flower bud different crosses of J. auriculatum were diameter (cm), open flower diameter (cm), reported by Chezhiyan et al3. The mean flower bud length (cm) and corolla tube length individual flower weight is yet another yield (cm) were noted for assessment of qualitative determining component. Weight of individual quality parameters of flowers where as single flowers also varied significantly among the flower bud weight (g) and hundred flower bud genotypes with the highest in Madanaban weight (g) were noted for assessment of (0.275 g) and the lowest (0.063 g) in quantitative quality parameters. The statistical Parimullai (Table 1). The individual flower design adopted was RBD. The CD values were bud weight had direct correlation with hundred worked out for five percent (0.05) probability flower bud weight. These variations in the Copyright © Jan.-Feb., 2018; IJPAB 1653

Patel et al Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 6 (1): 1652-1655 (2018) ISSN: 2320 – 7051 yield may be due to the genetic make up of the reports of Seetharamu et al.10 who observed a varieties and also may be the effect of similar trend in the four commercial species of agroclimatic conditions. Similar observations jasmine. The varietal yield differences may be have also been made earlier by Raman et al.13 due to the additive gene effect6. Similar in varieties of the four commercial species observations have also been recorded in other namely J. sambac, J. auriculatum, J. flower crops namely, marigold11, and grandiflorum and J. pubescense (Syn: J. chrysanthemum9. multiflorum). Further evidence comes from the

Table 1: Assessment of qualitative and quantitative flower quality parameters of certain commercial jasmine varieties during flowering season Flower bud Open flower Flower Corolla Single Hundred S. Varieties diameter diameter bud length tube length flower bud flower bud No. (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) weight (g) weight (g) Ramanathapuram 1. Gundumalli 0.67 2.37 2.25 1.26 0.201 17.17 (Jasminum sambac) Madanban 2. 0.78 5.32 3.30 1.26 0.275 28.60 (Jasminum sambac) Single Mohra 3. 0.90 2.89 1.50 0.74 0.268 27.80 (Jasminum sambac) Ramabanam 4. 0.86 5.80 2.82 1.53 0.215 19.40 (Jasminum sambac) CO.1 Mullai 5. 0.45 2.20 2.55 1.70 0.076 7.82 (Jasminum auriculatum) Parimullai 6. 0.41 2.05 2.52 1.42 0.063 6.80 (Jasminum auriculatum) CO.1 Pitchi 7. 0.51 4.23 3.85 1.98 0.079 7.80 (Jasminum grandiflorum) SEd 0.018 0.115 0.056 0.033 0.008 0.693

CD (P=0.05) 0.039 0.250 0.123 0.073 0.019 1.510

CONCLUSION more perfume than cool and rainy weather Seasonal variation in the flower yield was crop. In the present study qualitative and reported earlier by Guenther5 according to quantitative flower quality parameters of whom, weather conditions play an important certain commercial jasmine varieties during role in the flower production of jasmine. flowering season were studied which is going Warm weather and ample sunshine produce a to help further in concentrating in value much larger flower crop and flowers with addition businesses during this season to check

Patel et al Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 6 (1): 1652-1655 (2018) ISSN: 2320 – 7051 the wastage of surplus flowers. Results of the 7. Khan, W. M. A., Muthuswamy, S. and present study can help further to identify the Raman, K. R., An evaluation of potential variety for growing in the flowering morphological variations of economic season for gaining maximum profit. As the value in Jasminum sambac, South Indian flowering periods are different for different Hort., 18(1): 25-32 (1970). species, the present study will help to maintain 8. Kirtikar, K. and Basu, R., The Indian a uninterrupted supply chain cycle for export Medicinal Plants, Sudhindra Nath Basu, business. M. B. Panini:Office 13 Bhubaneswari Acknowledgement Asrama Bahadur Gang, Allahabad, Part-II, This work was financially supported by Tamil pp. 986-987 (1918). Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 9. Rao, M. A. and Pratap, M., Evaluation of India. varieties and variability studies in REFERENCES chrysanthemum (Dendranthema 1. Anonymous, Encylopaedia Britannica, grandiflora Tzvelev.), J. Ornamental Encyclopaedia Britannica Ltd., Chicago Hort., 9(2): 221-223 (2006). (1959). 10. Seetharamu, G. K., Kumar, D. P., Mohan, 2. Bhattacharjee, S. K., Native jasmine of E. and Heriae, S. P., Evaluation of India. Indian Perfumes, 24(3): 126-133 different species and varieties of jasmine (1980). under hill zone. South Indian Hort. 49: 35- 3. Chezhiyan, N., Ponnuswamy, V., 38 (2002). Thamburaj, S. and Khader, J. M. A., 11. Singh, D. and Singh A. K., Correlation Evaluation of certain hybrid progenies of and path coefficient analysis in marigold Jasminum auriculatum, South Indian (Tagetes spp.), Prog. Hort., 37(2): 385- Hort., 32(1): 223-228 (1984). 388 (2005). 4. Desai, R., Patel, R. and Mankad, A., Petal 12. Singh, D. and Singh, A. K., senescence in cut Tagetes erecta L. Characterisation of African Marigold Flowers: Role of phenolics, International (Tagetes erecta Linn.) genotypes using Journal of Science, Environment and morphological characters. J. Ornamental Technology, 1 (5): 485 – 490 (2012). Hort., 9(1): 40-42 (2006). 5. Guenther, N., Effect of temperature on 13. Raman, K. R., Shanmugham, A. and Shah, flowering plants. South Indian Hort, 8(1): H. A., Studies on the flowering habits and 57-66 (1960). flower yields of some Jasminum species, 6. Hemalata, B., Patil, A. A. and Nalwadi, U. South Indian Hort., 17: 18-27 (1969). G., Variability studies in chrysanthemum. Prog. Hort. 24(1-2): 55-59 (1992).