Poland-Vietnam Symposium on Natural Science, High Technologies and Humanities for Young Scientists

Hanoi, 16 th -18 th July 2018

Book of abstracts

Hoa Kim Ngan NHU-TARNAWSKA Magdalena KRUPSKA-KLIMCZAK

Poland-Vietnam Symposium on Natural Science, High Technologies and Humanities for Young Scientists

PolVietSym2018

Hanoi, 16 th – 18 th July 2018

Book of abstracts

Publikacja sfinansowane ze środków Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie (UP).

Publication was financially supported by the Pedagogical University of Cracow (PUC).

Cover design/Projekt okładki Hoa Kim Ngan Nhu-Tarnawska Front cover photos/Zdj ęcie na okładce © Hoa Kim Ngan Nhu-Tarnawska

Editor/Redaktor Hoa Kim Ngan Nhu-Tarnawska, Magdalena Krupska-Klimczak

Copy right © by authors and editors/autorzy i redaktorzy Kraków 2018

ISBN 978-83-8084-162-8

Printing and Binding/Druk i oprawa Scientific Publisher of the Pedagogical University of Cracow Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie Pochor ąż ych 2, 30 084 Kraków tel./fax (+48) 12 6626383 tel. (+48) 12 6626756 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.wydawnictwoup.pl

Contents/Spis tre ści/Nội dung

Symposium Aims and Scope...... 5 Cel i Zakres Sympozium ...... 6 Mục tiêu và Đề tài c ủa H ội th ảo ...... 7 Organizing Committee ...... 9 Program ...... 11 Scheme ...... 17

Plenary lecture

Zbigniew TARNAWSKI ...... 21 What do we know about Universe?

Session 1

PHAN Nguyen Duc Duoc ...... 27 Functional integral method in quantum field theory of plasmons in grapheme Fabrication of Graphene/DWCNTs hybrid film for Cholesterol Electrochemical Sensor Kamila KOM ĘDERA ...... 30 Mössbauer studies of iron-based superconductors HOANG Thu Trang ...... 31 Enhanced high-order resonant Q-factor with multiple coupled resonators in slotted two-dimensional photonic crystals for reduced optical switching intensity in bistable devices PHAM The Linh ...... 34 Suppression of photonic stopband reflection in metal-photonic structure Vo Van THIEP ...... 36 Mercury concentration in different parts of brain of big Sus srcofa from Małopolska region, Poland Jarosław INDYK ...... 38 Security dilemma of states in 21 st century on an example of Poland and Vietnam

Session 2

Tran Van PHUC ...... 43 Optical properties and chemical composition of transition layers formed in the process + + + + of irradiation by Ne , Ar , Kr and Xe ions of the multilayer TiO 2/SiO 2 system Sylwia SOWA ...... 44 Superconductivity and structure of U-based alloys with selected (3-5)d-metals and of their hydrides

1

DINH Tien Hung ...... 46 Study of designing the scintillation detector using CsI(Tl) crystals and PIN photodiode for ambient gamma dose rate HOANG Huu Thang ...... 47 Synthesis and Characterization of NaLi 0.2 Mn 0.8 O2 Oxide as a Cathode Material for Sodium-ion Batteries Le Thi Thu PHUONG ...... 48 Levels of microelements (Cu, Zn, Fe) and macroelements (Mg, Ca) in organs of Mullet (Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758) in coastal Vietnam Maria KOTKIEWICZ ...... 50 Social activity of NGO members as exemplified by scouts

Session 3

Magdalena KRUPSKA-KLIMCZAK ...... 53 + + + Intermixing in Fe 3O4 films induced by 1MeV Ar , Kr and Au ion irradiation PHAM Hoai Linh ...... 54 Study on fabrication of magnetic fluids based on spinel ferrite Fe 3O4 nanoparticles for applying in magnetic fluid hyperthermia cancer treatment Tomasz MRÓZ ...... 57 Reactor neutron activation analysis in studies of C3-CAM transition of Mesembryantheum crystallinum L Artur JACH-CHRZASZCZ ...... 58 The Treaty of Trianon: the politics of memory in contemporary Hungary

Session 4

NGUYEN Ngoc Anh ...... 63 Experimental study on nuclear level scheme, nuclear level density, and radiative strength function using the gamma–gamma coincidence spectrometer in Vietnam Maria PODGÓRNA ...... 65 Raman scattering investigations of phase transitions in the nanocrystals of PbZrO 3- BiFeO 3 system NGUYEN Minh Nguyet ...... 67 Impact of external factors on electromagnetic properties of metamaterial absorbers in THz region NGUYEN Thi Thu Ha ...... 70 Synthesis the series of compounds Sr 2MO 3FeAs (M = V, Cr) VU Hoang Anh ...... 71 Assessment of impacts to biodiversity forest in Dong Chau forest - Nuoc Trong stream, Kim Thuy commune, Le Thuy district, Quang Binh province Anna MICHNIEWSKA ...... 72 Khan Academy - a platform supporting the teaching and learning process in Poland

2

Session 5

PHAM Van Phuc ...... 75 Fabrication of the MA/FA/Cs triple cation perovskite solar cells using one-step and two-step approaches MAI Thi Ly ...... 76 DFT study of electronic structure properties of SrAFe 4As 4 (A = Rb and Cs) superconductors TRAN Van Hau ...... 78 Functional integral method in quantum field theory of Dirac fermions in graphene NGUYEN Viet Dung ...... 79 Effects of filler surface on molecular mobility and resulting deformation and fracture behaviour of thermoplastic polymer composites TRUONG Van Canh ...... 81 Provincial spatial distribution of Gini coefficient in Vietnam Malwina KOSTRZEWSKA-OBERTANIEC ...... 83 Trust of Youth to the local government

Session 6

Mirosław KULIK ...... 87 Effects of high temperature annealing on optical properties of ions implanted GaAs near surface layers Depth profile of atoms and optical properties of near surface layers of implanted semiconductors Cao Van HIEP ...... 90 Simulate Compton suppression spectrometer in Dalat research reactor by using Monte Carlo method KHUONG Viet Hoang ...... 91 Synthesis of ultra-small TiO 2 nanowire/nanorod arrays by hydrothermal method for application to photodetectors NGUYEN Hoai Nam ...... 92 Preparation of Fe 3O4 based drug delivery system loading doxycycline Michał APOLLO ...... 93 Short-Term Impacts of Livestock Grazing on Vegetation and Track Formation in a High Mountain Environment: A Case Study from the Himalayan Miyar Valley (India) Dorota KONIECZNA ...... 94 Asperger’s syndrome as a civilization phenomenon

Session 7

DINH Chi Linh ...... 97 Na-doped La 0.7 Ca 0.3 MnO 3 compounds exhibiting a large magnetocaloric effect near room temperature

3

NGUYEN Hong Nhung ...... 99 Preparation of cobalt nanoparticles and effects of rhizome pre-treatment by cobalt on grow and yield of tumeric (curcuma longa l.) DAO Chi Tue ...... 100 Characterization of Pt/Ir diffusion bond-coating for gas turbine

List of participants ...... 103

Map of Hanoi, IMS-VAST ...... 111

Additional information for participant of PolVietSym2018

Cracow ...... 119 Hanoi ...... 123 Halong bay ...... 131 Phong Nha-Ke Bang national park ...... 133 Hoian ...... 134

Post-deadline abstract

Peter MASSANYI ...... 137 Innovative technological and methodological processes in teaching subject “biology of animal production”

Opening and welcoming speeches

Opening speech of Prof. Nguyen Van Hieu ...... 141 Welcoming speech of Prof. Doan Dinh Phuong ...... 143 Welcoming speech of Prof. Robert Stawarz...... 145 Welcoming speech of Mr. Szymon Wudarski ...... 147

Statistics of PolVietSym2018

Summary of Prof. Hoa Kim Ngan Nhu-Tarnawska ...... 153

Updated program PolVietSym2018

4

Symposium Aims and Scope Dear Colleagues, Young Scientists and Students, We are glad to welcome you in Hanoi at Poland-Vietnam Symposium on Natural Science, High Technologies and Humanities for Young Scientists (PolVietSym2018) held on 16 th – 18 th July, 2018 at the Insti tute of Materials Science (IMS), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam. The symposium is jointly organized by the Pedagogical University of Cracow (PUC) and IMS-VAST, within the scope of the formal bilateral cooperation between PUC and VAST, and of our cooperation with Advanced Center for Physics, Institute of Physics (IOP)-VAST as well as with Institute for European Studies (IES), Vietnam Academy of Social Science (VASS) in Hanoi. The aim of the symposium is to offer an opportunity for students, Ph.D. students and young scientists to meet in an informal environment to discuss the current issues and the latest advances in their research fields, to present their activities as well as to make connections and to initiate cooperation. The symposium topics will be covered are all domains of natural sciences, technology, social sciences and humanities. To encourage the participation of young scientists and especially Ph.D. students and students, no conference fee is required. PolVietSym2018 will be attended by 52 participants (23 from Poland) among which 37 young scientists, Ph.D. students and students from 14 scientific institutions will present their work in the symposium. We feel as a suc cess, since it takes place for the first time and in Hanoi. We would like to express our deep thanks to the Rector and Vice -Rectors of Pedagogical University of Cracow for their financial support for the Ph.D. students and young scientists of PUC to participate to PolVietSym2018, and to the Directors of IMS-VAST and Head of Advanced Center for Physics-IOP-VAST for their financial support and great help in organizing the symposium and extra common activities for the participants during the symposium. We thank the PhD students’ Union of PUC for organizing the trip of participants of PUC to Hanoi. We are particularly grateful to Prof. Nguyen Van Hieu for his unconditional su pport and his valuable and constructive suggestions during the planning and realization of the symposium. We wish to thank the support from the Dea n of Faculty of Mathematics , Physics and Technical Science-PUC. We gratefully acknowledge the support from Embassy of Poland in Hanoi. We wish you a fruitful and enjoyable time at the symposium and in Hanoi. Magdalena Krupska-Klimczak, Nhu-Tarnawska Hoa Kim Ngan, Vu Dinh Lam On behalf of Organizing Committee of PolVietSym2018

Trung Tâm Tiên Ti ến về Vật Lý VIÊ Ṇ VÂ Ṭ LY ́ 5

Cel i Zakres Sympozjum Drodzy koledzy, młodzi naukowcy, doktoranci i studenci, Cieszymy si ę, że mo żemy powita ć wszystkich w Hanoi podczas „sympozjum Polsko-Wietnamskiego Nauk Przyrodniczych, Technologii i Nauk Humanistycznych dla Młodych Naukowców” (PolVietSym2018) odbywaj ącego si ę w dniach 16- 18.07.2018r. w Instytucie Nauk o Materiałach (IMS) Wietnamskiej Akademii Nauk i Technologii (VAST) w Hanoi, Wietnam. Sympozjum to jest organizowane wspólnie przez Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny w Krakowie (PUC) oraz IMS-VAST w ramach współpracy dwustronnej pomi ędzy PUC i VAST, oraz w ramach współpracy z Zaawansowanym Centrum Fizyki Instytutu Fizyki (IOP)-VAST i z Instytutem Europeistyki (IES) Wietnamskiej Akademii Nauk Społecznych (VASS) w Hanoi. Celem sympozjum jest zaoferowanie studentom, doktorantom i młodym naukowcom okazji do spotkania si ę w przyjaznej atmosferze, aby omówi ć bie żą ce zagadnienia i najnowsze osi ągni ęcia w swoich dziedzinach nauki, przedstawi ć swoje wyniki bada ń oraz nawi ąza ć kontakty i zainicjowa ć współprac ę. Przedmiotem sympozjum b ędą wszystkie dziedziny nauk przyrodniczych, technologii, nauk społecznych i humanistycznych. Aby zach ęci ć do udziału studentów, doktorantów i młodych naukowców, opłata konferencyjna nie jest wymagana. Udział w PolVetSym2018 we źmie 52 uczestników (23 z Polski), w śród których 37 młodych naukowców, doktorantów i studentów (z 14 instytucji naukowych) zaprezentuje swoj ą prac ę na sympozjum. Cieszymy si ę sukcesem, poniewa ż odbywa si ę to po raz pierwszy i w Hanoi. Pragniemy wyrazi ć gł ębok ą wdzi ęczno ść Rektorowi i Prorektorom Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego w Krakowie za wsparcie finansowe udziału doktorantów i młodych naukowców w PolVietSym2018 oraz Dyrektorom IMS-VAST i Kierownikowi Zaawansowanego Centrum Fizyki-IOP-VAST za wsparcie finansowe i pomo ć w zorganizowaniu sympozjum oraz współnych działa ń dla uczestników podczas sympozjum. Chcemy podzi ękowa ć Samorz ądów Doktorantów PUC za pomoc w zorganizowaniu wyjazdu do Hanoi. Jeste śmy szczególnie wdzi ęczni prof. Nguyen Van Hieu, za jego bezwarunkowe wsparcie oraz cenne i konstruktywne sugestie podczas planowania i realizacji sympozjum. Wyra żamy podzi ękowanie Dziekanowi Wydziału Matematyczno-fizyczno-Technicznego-PUC za wsparcie. Serdecznie dzi ękujemy Polskiej Ambasadzie w Hanoi za udzielenie nam wsparcia.

Życzymy owocnego i przyjemnego sp ędzania czasu na sympozjum oraz w Hanoi.

Magdalena Krupska-Klimczak Nhu-Tarnawska Hoa Kim Ngan Vu Dinh Lam W imieniu Komitetu Organizacyjnego PolVietSym2018

6

Mục tiêu và Đề tài c ủa Hội th ảo Các đồng nghi ệp, các cán b ộ khoa h ọc tr ẻ và các em sinh viên thân m ến, Nhi ệt li ệt chào đón toàn th ể đại bi ểu tham d ự hội th ảo Ba lan-Vi ệt Nam v ề khoa h ọc t ự nhiên, công ngh ệ, khoa h ọc xã h ội và nhân v ăn, t ổ ch ức vào ngày 16-18 tháng 7 n ăm 2018 t ại Vi ện Khoa H ọc V ật Li ệu (IMS) thu ộc Vi ện Hàn Lâm Khoa H ọc và K ỹ Thu ật Vi ệt Nam (VAST) t ại thành ph ố Hà n ội. Hội th ảo do tr ường Đại H ọc S ư Ph ạm t ại thành ph ố Cracow ở Ba lan (PUC) và vi ện IMS-VAST ph ối h ợp t ổ ch ức, trên c ơ s ở hi ệp định h ợp tác song ph ươ ng gi ữa PUC và VAST, và h ợp tác v ới Trung tâm tiên ti ến v ề Vật lý-Vi ện V ật lý(IOP)-VAST và với Vi ện Nghiên c ứu châu Âu (IES) Vi ện Hàn Lâm Khoa H ọc Xã H ội Vi ệt nam (VASS) tại Hà n ội. Mục tiêu c ủa h ội th ảo là t ạo c ơ h ội cho đại bi ểu tham d ự, đặc bi ệt là các sinh viên, nghiên c ứu sinh và nh ững cán b ộ khoa h ọc tr ẻ được g ặp g ỡ trong không khí thân mật để th ảo lu ận các v ấn đề hi ện t ại, nh ững ti ến b ộ mới nh ất trong l ĩnh v ực nghiên cứu c ủa mình, trình bày các ho ạt động c ủa b ản thân, c ũng nh ư được ti ếp xúc trao đổi và đặt n ền móng h ợp tác. Các ch ủ đề trong h ội th ảo s ẽ được đề cập t ới là t ất c ả các lĩnh v ực khoa h ọc t ự nhiên, công ngh ệ, khoa h ọc xã h ội và nhân v ăn. Để khuy ến khích s ự tham gia c ủa cán b ộ tr ẻ, đặc bi ệt là nghiên c ứu sinh và sinh viên, h ội th ảo không yêu c ầu các đại bi ểu đóng góp ti ền h ội ngh ị phí. Có 52 đại bi ểu tham d ự PolVietSym2018 (23 đại bi ểu t ừ Ba Lan) trong đó có 37 cán b ộ khoa h ọc tr ẻ, nghiên c ứu sinh và sinh viên (t ừ 14 viện khoa h ọc/tr ường đại học) trình bày báo cáo trong h ội th ảo. Chúng tôi đánh giá đó là m ột thành công, nh ất là vì h ội th ảo này di ễn ra l ần đầu tiên và tại Hà N ội. Chúng tôi bày t ỏ lòng bi ết ơn sâu s ắc t ới Hi ệu tr ưởng và các Phó Hi ệu tr ưởng tr ường Đại h ọc S ư ph ạm t ại Cracow đã h ỗ tr ợ tài chính cho các nghiên c ứu sinh và ti ến s ĩ tr ẻ của tr ường tham d ự PolVietSym2018, t ới ban lãnh đạo IMS-VAST và lãnh đạo Trung tâm tiên ti ến v ề Vật lý-IOP-VAST đã h ỗ tr ợ tài chính và công s ức t ổ ch ức hội th ảo c ũng nh ư các ho ạt động chung cho các đại bi ểu tham gia h ội th ảo. Chúng tôi cảm ơn H ội Đồng Nghiên C ứu Sinh c ủa tr ường PUC đã giúp đỡ tổ ch ức chuy ến đi c ủa đoàn tr ường PUC đến Hà N ội. Chúng tôi xin bày t ỏ sự bi ết ơn đặc bi ệt đến Giáo s ư Vi ện S ĩ Nguy ễn V ăn Hi ệu đã dành cho chúng tôi s ự hỗ tr ợ vô biên và l ời ch ỉ d ẫn h ữu ích trong quá trình l ập k ế ho ạch và th ực hi ện hi ện t ổ ch ức h ội th ảo này. Chúng tôi trân tr ọng cảm ơn sử ủng h ộ và h ỗ tr ợ c ủa Tr ưở ng Khoa khoa Toán-Vật lý-Kỹ thu ật-PUC. Chúng tôi chân thành cảm ơn sự hỗ tr ợ của Đại s ứ quán Ba Lan t ại Hà N ội.

Chúc toàn th ể đại bi ểu có được th ời gian hi ệu qu ả và thú v ị tại h ội th ảo c ũng nh ư t ại Hà N ội.

Magdalena Krupska-Klimczak Nhu-Tarnawska Hoa Kim Ngan Vu Dinh Lam Thay m ặt ban t ổ ch ức PolVietSym2018

7

8

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Patron/Honorary chairman Nguyen Van Hieu (VAST, Hanoi) Kazimierz Karolczak (Rector of PUC, Krakow)

Advisory Committee Nguyen Thanh Binh (IOP-VAST, Hanoi) Nguyen An Ha (IES-VASS, Hanoi) Magdalena Krupska-Klimczak (PUC, Krakow) Vu Dinh Lam (IMS-VAST, Hanoi) Peter Massanyi (SUA, Nitra) Hoa Kim Ngan Nhu-Tarnawska (PUC, Krakow) Katarzyna Potyrała (PUC, Krakow) Bogusław Skowronek (PUC, Krakow) Robert Stawarz (PUC, Krakow) Mariurz Wołos (PUC, Krakow)

Organizing Committee Vu Dinh Lam (IMS-VAST, Hanoi, chairman) Hoa Kim Ngan Nhu-Tarnawska (PUC, Krakow, co-chairwoman) Magdalena Krupska-Klimczak (PUC, Krakow) Sylwia Sowa (PUC, Krakow) Kamila Kom ędera (PUC, Krakow)

9

VENUE Institute of Materials Science (IMS), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam.

CONTACT ADDRESSES in Hanoi: Institute of Materials Science, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam. Phone: (+84) 948288776 (Vu Dinh Lam) Fax: (+84-4) 38360705 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.polvietsym2018.ac.vn

in Poland: Nanostructure Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podchor ąż ych 2, 30 084 Kraków, Poland Phone: (+48) 12 6627801 (Kim Nhu-Tarnawska, Magdalena Krupska-Klimczak) E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.polvietsym2018.up.krakow.pl

10

PROGRAM

Monday, 16 th July 2018

Registration Institute of Materials Science (IMS), Vietnam Academy of Science and 8:00-17:00 Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam. Building B2.

S-O: Opening session

Chairman: Vu Dinh Lam, Nhu-Tarnawska Hoa Kim Ngan Welcome address Honorary guests of PolVietSym2018: Prof. Nguyen Van Hieu, patron/honorary chairman of PolVietSym2018. Prof. Đoàn Đình Ph ươ ng, Director of IMS-VAST. Prof. Robert Stawarz, Vice-Rector of the Pedagogical University of 9:00-9:30 Cracow. Mr. Szymon Wudarski, chargé d'affaires ad interim of the Republic of Poland in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Dr. Nguyen Bich Ha, IMS-VAST, Deputy Editor-in-Chief of the journal Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanosci.&Nanotech. 9:30-10:15 Zbigniew Plenary What do we know about our Universe? TARNAWSKI Lecture 10:15 Symposium photo 10:15-11:00 Coffee/tea break Session 1

Chairman: Nguyen Thanh Binh Functional integral method in quantum field theory 11:00-11:15 PHAN Nguyen of plasmons in grapheme O-01 Duc Duoc Fabrication of Graphene/DWCNTs hybrid film for Cholesterol Electrochemical Sensor 11:15-11:30 Kamila Mössbauer studies of iron-based superconductors O-02 KOM ĘDERA Enhanced high-order resonant Q-factor with 11:30-11:45 HOANG Thu multiple coupled resonators in slotted two- O-03 Trang dimensional photonic crystals for reduced optical switching intensity in bistable devices 11:45-12:00 Suppression of photonic stopband reflection in PHAM The Linh O-04 metal-photonic structure 11

12:00-12:15 Mercury concentration in different parts of brain of Vo Van THIEP O-05 big Sus srcofa from Małopolska region, Poland 12:15-12:30 Security dilemma of states in 21 st century on an Jarosław INDYK O-06 example of Poland and Vietnam 12:30-14:00 Lunch break

Session 2

Chairman: Ryszard Radwa ński Optical properties and chemical composition of 14:00-14:15 transition layers formed in the process of irradiation Tran Van PHUC O-07 by Ne +, Ar +, Kr + and Xe + ions of the multilayer TiO 2/SiO 2 system 14:15-14:30 Superconductivity and structure of U-based alloys Sylwia SOWA O-08 with selected (3-5) d-metals and of their hydrides Study of designing the scintillation detector using 14:30-14:45 DINH Tien Hung CsI(Tl) crystals and PIN photodiode for ambient O-09 gamma dose rate Synthesis and Characterization of NaLi Mn O 14:45-15:00 HOANG Huu 0.2 0.8 2 Oxide as a Cathode Material for Sodium-ion O-10 Thang Batteries Levels of microelements (Cu, Zn, Fe) and 15:10-15:15 Le Thi Thu macroelements (Mg, Ca) in organs of Mullet (Mugil O-11 PHUONG cephalus Linnaeus, 1758) in coastal Vietnam 15:15-15:30 Maria Social activity of NGO members as exemplified by O-12 KOTKIEWICZ scouts

15:30-16:00 Coffee/tea break

Session 3

Chairman: Pham Duy Long Magdalena 16:00-16:15 Intermixing in Fe O films induced by 1MeV Ar +, KRUPSKA- 3 4 O-13 Kr + and Au + ion irradiation KLIMCZAK Study on fabrication of magnetic fluids based on 16:15-16:30 PHAM Hoai Linh spinel ferrite Fe O nanoparticles for applying in O-14 3 4 magnetic fluid hyperthermia cancer treatment Reactor neutron activation analysis in studies of C - 16:30-16:45 3 Tomasz MRÓZ CAM transition of Mesembryantheum crystallinum O-15 L 16:45-17:00 Artur JACH- The Treaty of Trianon: the politics of memory in O-16 CHRZASZCZ contemporary Hungary Group activity. Visit to One Pillar Pagoda. Walk to the West lake. 17:00-19.30 Dinner at Truc Bach lake. 12

Tuesday, 17 th July 2018

Session 4

Chairman: Andrzej Korna ś Experimental study on nuclear level scheme, 9:00-9:15 NGUYEN Ngoc nuclear level density, and radiative strength function O-17 Anh using the gamma–gamma coincidence spectrometer in Vietnam 9:15-9:30 Maria Raman scattering investigations of phase transitions O-18 PODGÓRNA in the nanocrystals of PbZrO 3-BiFeO 3 system 9:30-9:45 NGUYEN Minh Impact of external factors on electromagnetic O-19 Nguyet properties of metamaterial absorbers in THz region 9:45-10:00 NGUYEN Thi Synthesis the series of compounds Sr 2MO 3FeAs (M O-20 Thu Ha = V, Cr) Assessment of impacts to biodiversity forest in 10:00-10:15 VU Hoang Anh Dong Chau forest - Nuoc Trong stream, Kim Thuy O-21 commune, Le Thuy district, Quang Binh province 10:15-10:30 Anna Khan Academy - a platform supporting the teaching O-22 MICHNIEWSKA and learning process in Poland 10:30-11:00 Coffee/tea break

Session 5

Chairman: Tran Quoc Tien Fabrication of the MA/FA/Cs triple cation 11:00-11:15 PHAM Van Phuc perovskite solar cells using one-step and two-step O-23 approaches 11:15-11:30 DFT study of electronic structure properties of MAI Thi Ly O-24 SrAFe 4As 4 (A = Rb and Cs) superconductors 11:30-11:45 Functional integral method in quantum field theory TRAN Van Hau O-25 of Dirac fermions in grapheme Effects of filler surface on molecular mobility and 11:45-12:00 NGUYEN Viet resulting deformation and fracture behaviour of O-26 Dung thermoplastic polymer composites 12:00-12:15 TRUONG Van Provincial spatial distribution of Gini coefficient in O-27 Canh Vietnam 12:15-12:30 Malwina KOSTRZEWSKA- Trust of Youth to the local government O-28 OBERTANIEC 12:30-14:00 Lunch break

13

Visit to Vietnam museum of Ethnology (at Nguyen Van Huyen Rd, 14:00-17.30 1.2km from IMS, see the map in page 113).

18:00-21:00 Symposium banquet

Wednesday, 18 th July 2018

Session 6

Chairman: Peter Massanyi Effects of high temperature annealing on optical properties of ions implanted GaAs near surface 9:00-9:15 Mirosław KULIK layers O-29 Depth profile of atoms and optical properties of near surface layers of implanted semiconductors 9:15-9:30 Simulate Compton suppression spectrometer in Cao Van HIEP O-30 Dalat research reactor by using Monte Carlo method Synthesis of ultra-small TiO nanowire/nanorod 9:30-9:45 KHUONG Viet 2 arrays by hydrothermal method for application to O-31 Hoang photodetectors 9:45-10:00 NGUYEN Hoai Preparation of Fe 3O4 based drug delivery system O-32 Nam loading doxycycline Short-Term Impacts of Livestock Grazing on 10:00-10:15 Vegetation and Track Formation in a High Michał APOLLO O-33 Mountain Environment: A Case Study from the Himalayan Miyar Valley (India) 10:15-10:30 Dorota Asperger’s syndrome as a civilization phenomenon O-34 KONIECZNA 10:30-11:00 Coffee/tea break Session 7

Chairman: Zbigniew Tarnawski 11:00-11:15 Na-doped La Ca MnO compounds exhibiting a DINH Chi Linh 0.7 0.3 3 O-35 large magnetocaloric effect near room temperature Preparation of cobalt nanoparticles and effects of 11:15-11:30 NGUYEN Hong rhizome pre-treatment by cobalt on grow and yield O-36 Nhung of tumeric (curcuma longa l.) 11:30-11:45 Characterization of Pt/Ir diffusion bond-coating for DAO Chi Tue O-37 gas turbine Summary (Nhu-Tarnawska Hoa KIM NGAN) Awards for the best presentations (Zbigniew 11:45-12:15 TARNAWSKI, Nguyen Thanh BINH) Closing (Vu Dinh LAM) 14

12:15-14:00 Lunch break

Visit to the Ancient University of Vietnam - Van Mieu-Quoc Tu Giam 14:00-17:30 (see page 127).

18:00-20:00 Group activity. Dinner in the old quarter.

Thursday, 19 th July 2018

Excursion to Halong bay including 4h excursion by boat around the 7:00-20:00 bay and visit of Heaven Palace Cave (see page 131).

15

16

Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, 16 th July 2018 17 th July 2018 18 th July 2018 19 th July 2018 Welcome address O-17 Nguyen Ngoc Anh O-29 Mirosław Kulik

N.V. Hieu, D.D. Phuong, O-18 Maria Podgórna O-30 Cao Van Hiep R. Stawarz, Sz. Wudarski. O-19 Nguyen M. Nguyet O-31 Khuong Viet Hoang

S4 S6 S-O Plenary lecture: O-20 Nguyen T.T. Ha O-32 Nguyen Hoai Nam 9:00-10:30 9:00-10:30 9:00-10:30 9:00-10:15 9:00-10:15 Z. Tarnawski O-21 Vu Hoang Anh O-33 Michał Apollo Excursion O-22 A. Michniewska O-34 Dorota Konieczna to Halong bay 10:15-11:00: coffee/tea break 10:30-11:00: coffee/tea break 10:30-11:00: coffee/tea break including 4hrs boat-trip Vietnam. Vietnam. O-01 Phan Ng. Duc Duoc O-23 Pham Van Phuc O-35 Dinh Chi Linh around the bay O-02 Kamila Kom ędera O-24 Mai Thi Ly O-36 Nguyen H. Nhung and visit of

O-03 Hoang Thu Trang O-25 Tran Van Hau O-37 Dao Chi Tue Heaven Palace S7 S1 S5 O-04 Pham The Linh O-26 Nguyen Viet Dung Summary. Best Cave O-05 Vo Van Thiep O-27 Truong Van Canh Presentation Awards. 11:00-12:15 11:00-12:30 11:00-12:30 (see page 131).

my of Science and Technology (VAST), (VAST), Technology and of my Science O-06 Jarosław Indyk O-28 M. Kostrzewska-O Closing.

12:30-14:00 lunch break 12:30-14:00 lunch break 12:15-14:00 lunch break

Registration. O-07 Tran Van Phuc O-08 Syliwa Sowa

O-09 Dinh Tien Hung Visit to Vietnam Visit to Ancient University

S2 O-10 Hoang Huu Thang Museum of Ethnology of Vietnam - Van Mieu- 8:00-17:00 8:00-17:00 O-11 Le Thi Thu Phuong (at Nguyen Van Huyen Quoc Tu Giam (see page 14:00-15:40 O-12 Maria Kotkierwicz Rd, 1.2km from IMS- 127). 15:30-16:00 coffee/tea break VAST, see the map in page 113). O-13 M. Krupska-Klimczak 14:00-17.30 14:00-17.30

O-14 Pham Hoai Linh 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay district, Hanoi, district, Hanoi, Giay Cau Road, Viet 18Quoc Hoang 17:00 S3

- O-15 Tomasz Mróz

16 O-16 A. Jach-Chrzaszcz

Group-activity. Group-activity. One Pilar Pogoda. Dinner at Symposium banquet. Dinner in the old quater. Institute of Materials Science (IMS), Vietnam Acade Vietnam (IMS), Science Materials of Institute from 17:00 Truc Bach lake. from 18:00 from 18:00

17

18

Plenary Lecture

Zbigniew Tarnawski What do we know about Universe?

19

20

What do we know about Universe?

Zbigniew TARNAWSKI 1,2 AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science 1 and Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology 2, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland *Email: [email protected]

One thing we know about the Universe is that it is really big, possibly infinite, without an edge. The story of our Universe energy and matter evolution since a fraction of a second after Big Bang is well described [1]. Most cosmologists accept the Inflationary Universe model (Fig. 1), which brings us closer to the Beginning [2, 3] – the spontaneous creation from the so-called false vacuum. This model could solve some problems (Horizon, Flatness, Homogeneity, Isotropy of the Universe), which are not explained well enough in the standard Bing Bang model. The most important ingredients of both models is Einstein’s General Relativity (GR) and Standard Model of elementary particles, which is the quantum field theory combining Quantum Chromo-Dynamics (QCD) and Quantum Electro-Dynamics (QED) into one mathematical scheme of electro-weak and strong interactions – the Grand Unified Theory (GUT). The current structure of Universe, abundance of every element, and the whole “Zoo” of every possible Star or Black Hole, is known to us. We know as well “our place” on the Earth located in the Solar system which locates in the galaxy that we call Milky Way. Milky Way is part of the Local Group of galaxies, which is a component of still bigger structures in the Universe. We can be proud of ourselves as Human who discovered and understand almost everything about Universe.

Fig.1. Illustration of Inflationary Universe model (Image source [4]).

21

But… 1/ Where did the Life and Human Intelligence come from? Which physical law brings to the existence of the Intelligence who can pose all questions, look for answers and draw a picture of our Universe as well as of every possible universe? If physicists believe that the Intelligence is a product of evolution in accordance to the physical laws, they should be the ones who give the answers and proofs. 2/ If there will be Theory of Everything (TOE)? The two basic theories GR and GUT are not compatible and the dream of combining them together into TOE is still a dream. It is commonly accepted that it would be Quantum Gravity theory and the search for it brings us to the next question. 3/ Why we have to assume the existence of unobservable objects? Physics is an experimental science and physicists always look for experimental proofs. They should avoid to postulate existence of things, objects, entities which cannot be confirmed experimentally. However, even our current and well-established theories assume the existence of not observed (yet) beings. One example is Dark Matter and Dark Energy, which are introduced as necessary ingredients to understand the current behavior of Universe. The elementary particles’ existence (protons, neutrons, electrons and photons) is an indirect proof that vacuum is filled in by quantum fields (field of electroweak forces, quark-antiquark condensate, weak superconducting condensate and Higgs field, quantum fluctuations…) with a huge energy density beyond the imagination. Assuming the existence of unobservable beings is like opening “Pandora box” for physicists. Multiple theories based on unobservable mathematical objects, treated as real and as the source of our material world, were developed. A wide spectrum of String theories in multiple dimensions (M-theories), many versions of quantum gravity theories starting from the so-called Planck Scale, has engaged thousands of best brains in physics for many years. Combination of these ideas with the science of Black Holes and Quantum Physics brought the ideas of holographic universe or multiverse [5]. We cannot chose which one gives hope for TOE and which direction is the future solution. 4/ If we have reached the finish line of our understanding? Well established physics theory-Quantum Mechanics (QM) has been used in practice for about 100 years and applied in every piece of electronic equipment, but its understanding is still doubtful. In order to feel more comfortable with it, physicists were ready to re-define the meaning of the word “understanding”. According to R. Feynman, nobody understand QM. Especially its nonlocality was so strongly opposed by Einstein, although it was confirmed experimentally. This is why there are many interpretations of QM and the discussions is ongoing until now. In spite of all we know, it is considered that there is a crisis in physics and thus some ingenuous breakthrough is necessary to overcome it [6]. It looks like we are at the beginning, not at the finish line of our understanding what is really going on with our reality. 5/ Is the space quantized? It is worth to mention here the ideas of Digital Universe, which came from the computer scientists, e.g. Alan Turing, Konrad Zuse, Edward Fredkin and latelly Stephen Wolfram, which are taken more and more seriously by physisists. The question is that if the Universe is an universal Turing machine or cellural automata 22

obeying certain rules? If it can be explained by Quantum Gravity theories, which deal with the space(time) structure on the Planck scale. The actual question is if space itself is quantised? It would not be possible to understand the structure of vacuum (space) and the Universe, before accepting its granularity. It reminds the story of atoms. Namely, it was not possible to discover and understand the structure of atoms, before that, the existence of atoms was accepted. Indeed, the atomic theory of matter has been obvious for some philosophers since 500BC and for some chemists since begining of 19th century. But many physicists have refused to consider the existence of atoms, which existence could not be then proved experimentally. Even now physicists officially accept the year 1905 (when Einstein’s work explaining Brownian motion appeared) as the date of the first theoretical proof of atom existence. 7/ Is there ether or else? The concept of ether has been existed for thousands years. The physisists have emptied the space to nothingness after 1905 (the year of Einstein Special Relativity (SR)). Nowedays, we are slowly filling this nothigness again with virtual particles and fields (Fig. 2).

Fig. 2. Suggestion a structure for the vacuum (Image source [7]).

But we are not able to accept, that space itself is built of quanta and has the energy density possibly in the range of 10 112 J/m 3. The first candidate for space quanta is the extended quantum foam model proposed in 1955 by J.A. Wheeler, in which the gravity meets quantum physics, and in which at the Planck length (10 -34 m) the space curvature forms the space-time metric. There is a common agreement and understanding that the really empty space/vacuum/void/nothingness is unstable. Some believes that the unstable vacum can produce Universes [2,3]. Others think that it spontaneously forms quantum condensates of Standard Model of elementary particles (Fig. 3) [8]. Someone may claim and prove that all can happens simultaneously: the empty space condensates into atoms of space of the size of Planck length (Planck quanta which are fermionic black holes rotating with the speed of light and possessing spin of ½ ħ). The process of collapsing of the flat space into quantum crystal (cellular automata) may give the energy necessary to produce all the matter and energy, as well as all quantum fields. All of them being the excitations of the space fabric. 23

Fig. 3. Deep structure of the quantum grid – typical pattern of activity in the gluon fields of QCD [8].

We are living in quantum world. Planck constant observed in every quantum process is arising from the property of space itself. Quantized Space is an Universal Computer and Universe is a computing process, as it was summarized by J.A. Wheeler with his words: It from Bit [9].

Acknowledgements This work was supported by the AGH UST statutory task No.11.11.220.01/6 within subsidiary of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education.

References [1] S. Weinberg, The First Three Minutes: A Modern View of the Origin of the Universe , Basic Books (1977). [2] A.H. Guth, The Inflationary Universe: A Possible Solution to the Horizon and Flatness Problems , Phys. Rev. D, 23 , 347 (1981). [3] A.D. Linde, A New Inflationary Universe Scenario: A Possi6le Solution to the Horizon, Flatness, Homogeneity, Isotropy, and…problems” , Physics Letters, 108B , 389 (1982). [4] Just Science, http://www.justscience.in/articles/dark-energy-really-know- universe-live/2017/12/27 [5] Scientific American, Is Our Universe a Hologram? Video produced by Eric R. Olson, 2014. https://www.scientificamerican.com/video/is-our-universe-a-hologram-video/ [6] Lee Smolin, Time reborn. From the crisis in physics to the future of the universe. Mariner Books (2013). [7] Resonance Science Foundation, New insights suggesting a structure for the vacuum , https://resonance.is/new-insights-suggesting-structure-vacuum/ [8] F. Wilczek, The lightness of being. Mass, Ether and the unification of forces. Basic Books (2008). [9] J.A. Wheeler, Information , Physics, Quantum: the Search for Links. http://cqi.inf.usi.ch/qic/wheeler.pdf

24

Session 1

O-01 PHAN Nguyen Duc Duoc Functional integral method in quantum field theory of plasmons in graphene Fabrication of Graphene/DWCNTs hybrid film for Cholesterol Electrochemical Sensor

O-02 Kamila KOM ĘDERA Mössbauer studies of iron-based superconductors

O-03 HOANG Thu Trang Enhanced high-order resonant Q-factor with multiple coupled resonators in slotted two-dimensional photonic crystals for reduced optical switching intensity in bistable devices

O-04 PHAM The Linh Suppression of photonic stopband reflection in metal-photonic structure

O-05 Vo Van THIEP Mercury concentration in different parts of brain of big Sus srcofa from Małopolska region, Poland

O-06 Jarosław INDYK Security dilemma of states in 21 st century on an example of Poland and Vietnam

25

26

Functional integral method in quantum field theory of plasmons in graphene

PHAN Nguyen Duc Duoc 1,2,* , Nguyen Van Hieu 1,2 1Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet,Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam 2VNU-University of Engineering and Technology, 144 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam *Email: [email protected]

In the present work we apply the functional integral method to the study of quantum field theory of collective excitations of spinless Dirac fermion in graphene at = vanishing absolute temperature and at Fermi level EF 0 . After introducing the Hermitian scalar field ϕ(x ) describing these collective excitations we establish the ϕ expression of the functional integral Z containing a functional series I[ϕ ] . The explicit expressions of several terms of this functional series were derived. Then we ϕ ϕ consider the functional series I[ ] in second order approximation and denote I0[ ] the corresponding approximate expression of I[ϕ ] . We shall demonstrate that in this approximation the scalar field ϕ(x ) can be devided into two parts: a background field ϕ ϕ ξ 0 (x ) corresponding to the extremum of I0[ ] and another scalar field (x ) ϕ ϕ ξ describing the fluctuation of (x ) around the background 0 (x ) . We call (x ) the fluctuation field. Then we establish the relationship between this fluctuation field ξ(x ) and the quantum field of plasmons in graphene. Considering some range of values of frequency (energy) and wave vector (momentum) of plasmons, when the analytical calculations can be performed, we derived the differential equation for the quantum field of graphene plasmons. From this field equation we establish the relation between frequency and wave vector of plasmons in the long wavelength limit.

27

Fabrication of Graphene/DWCNTs hybrid film for Cholesterol Electrochemical Sensor

Nguyen Duc Duoc PHAN 1,2,* , Van Hau TRAN 1,2 , Thi Thanh CAO 1, Van Trinh PHAM 1, Hai Binh NGUYEN 1 and Van Chuc NGUYEN 1,* 1Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam 2VNU-University of Engineering and Technology, 144 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam *Email: [email protected]; [email protected]

Graphene is a true two dimensional material with unique properties, such as very large surface to volume ratio, high conductivity and electron mobility at room temperature. While carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were discovered as an excellent material with one dimensional electrical conductivity, large surface area and high electron mobility. Therefore, it is believed that graphene and CNTs as sensor components can make sensors accurate, fast and increase ability of surface contact due to their remarkable properties. In this work, the graphene/double wall carbon nanotubes (G/DWCNTs) hybrid film was fabricated by low vacuum chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method, it was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), Raman spectroscopy and electrical conductivity, the result shown that the multilayer graphene bonded DWCNTs was grown on the copper substrate (figure 1). Cholesterol Oxidase (ChOx) is immobilized on graphene and G/DWCNTs modified electrode to detect the cholesterol in solution. The FE-SEM, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, square wave voltammetric (SWV) and CV techniques were used for characterizing the electrochemical biosensors. The current peak of G/DWCNTs modified electrode of cyclic voltammetric (CV) spectrum with 5 mM potassium ferricyanide in 0.1M photphate buffer solutions (PBS) of pH 7 increased significantly comparing to graphene modified electrode (~ 2 times), the SWV current peaks increase linearly with the addition of cholesterol in the concentration range 2-10 mM with the low detection limit. Therefore, G/DWCNTs will be promised as a good sensing film and reliability for electrochemical biosensor applications.

28

Figure 1: FE-SEM image of graphene (a) and graphene/DWCNTs hybrid film (b).

29

Mössbauer studies of iron-based superconductors

Kamila KOM ĘDERA 1,* , Artur BŁACHOWSKI 1, Krzysztof RUEBENBAUER 1, Jan ŻUKROWSKI 2 1 Mössbauer Spectroscopy Division, Institute of Physics, Pedagogical University, 30 084 Krakow, Poland 2 Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 059 Krakow, Poland *Email: [email protected]

Iron-based superconductors make four major families based on the corrugated nearly-two-dimensional sheets of either strongly bound iron-pnictogen or iron- chalcogen atoms. Usually, superconductivity is induced by doping or applying pressure to the parent compound, except the simplest compounds of the ‘11’ family. One can dope any kind of atom within the compound in isovalent, hole-doping or electrondoping fashion. Parent compounds exhibit itinerant magnetic order of the 3d (iron) character. It appears as spin density wave (SDW) of the antiferromagnetic type incommensurates with the respective lattice period and of the complex shape. For a majority of cases, it is a longitudinal SDW propagating along the a-axis of the orthorhombic unit cell being created at the magnetic order from the tetragonal cell – due to the magneto-elastic forces. On the other hand, the 3d magnetism and orthorhombic distortion are gone for superconductors as shown by the Mössbauer spectra obtained versus temperature, and by spectra obtained in the strong external magnetic field at low temperatures – stronger than the first critical field for these second kind superconductors. However, superconductivity is intimately related to these layered structures with the electronic charge modulation, leading to the charge density wave (CDW) on iron nuclei – observed as variation of the isomer shift. What is more, one observes closely related modulation of the electric field gradient on iron nuclei called electric field gradient wave (EFGW). The shape of these modulations changes rapidly at the superconducting gap: opening and relaxing back once the bosonic system of Cooper pairs is well separated from the rest of the electronic system. It was found that localized 4f magnetic moments order within the superconducting phase in a similar fashion as in the normal phase.

30

Enhanced high-order resonant Q-factor with multiple coupled resonators in slotted two-dimensional photonic crystals for reduced optical switching intensity in bistable devices

Thu Trang HOANG 1,2,* , Quang Minh NGO 1,2 1Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam 2Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam *Email: [email protected]

We review in part of our current study on the enhanced high-order resonant Q- factor with multiple coupled resonators by using coupled-mode theory (CMT) in time. Two types of coupled resonators under investigation are coupled resonator optical waveguides (CROWs) and side-coupled resonators with waveguide (SCREW). The number of resonators ( n) and the phase shift ( ϕ) between two adjacent resonators are examined due to their influences on the shapes and Q-factors of the spectral responses. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is used to perform the proposed designs for practical applications. The proposed coupled resonators in slotted two- dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PhCs) are designed to enhance the electromagnetic intensity and to confine the light into small cross-sectional area with low refractive index of the nonlinear material so that the efficient optical bistable devices could be achieved. Optical resonant structures which are made by the coupling between 2D PhC cavities and waveguides have been of great interest to researchers in photonic fields. These structures can exhibit high quality ( Q) factors and small modal volumes ( V) , which are promising to be key platforms for the large-scale photonic integrated circuits (PICs) such as high-performance filters, all-optical analogue to electromagnetically induced transparency, and low-input-power nonlinear photonic devices. There is a demand for a less resonant wavelength shift during the switching operation of all-optical switching/bistable devices so that a sharp resonance feature of the resonator is preferable. In order to get the sharpness, it requires a high Q-factor of the spectral response. We can achieve a high Q-factor of a single resonator as well as multiple coupled resonators [1]. Numerous theoretical models and simulation methods [2], have been developed to realize the linear and nonlinear characteristics of the coupled resonators and the resonators coupled with waveguides in PhC structures. However, basic understanding of physics insight these structures is still an important issue for researchers working in the PhC-based PICs. In these two commonly used resonator geometries, the number of resonators ( n) and the phase shift ( ϕ) play an important role in the spectral responses. While the number of resonator n defines the order of the resonant structures and number of resonant peaks/dips, the phase shift ϕ will decide the position, symmetric or asymmetric lineshape, and Q-factor of resonances. These geometries are designed in slotted 2D PhCs filled with nonlinear

31

organic materials for applications in the efficient third-order nonlinear process, especially in optical switching/bistability. For the slotted conventional geometry and the transverse-electric polarization, the light is not only guided but its magnitude also enhanced inside the slot. To enhance the magnitude of electric field in the slot, the high Q-factor resonance of cavity in the slotted PhC waveguide and the slow light enhanced optical nonlinear in PhC coupled - resonator waveguide have been studied. On the other hand, the side -coupled resonators and waveguide, which exhibits electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) has also been proposed. These structures bring about strong light-matter interactions, which enables enhancement of optical nonlinearity. In this work, the CMT in time combined with the FDTD simulation is employed to analyze and evaluate the Q- factors of resonances of CROWs and SCREW in the slotted 2D PhCs of holes filled with low index material. The influences of the number of resonators n and the phase shift ϕ on the Q-factor of spectral response are discussed. Our analysis reveals that from the perspective of optical switching/bistability, the CRO Ws and SCREW structures are more advantageous than the single resonator with an equivalent enhancing the Q-factor of resonance. For illustration, the slotted 2D PhC structure [3] under consideration is started with a 2D triangular lattice PhC structure of holes with lattice constant a. The holes are inscribed through the silicon film (e.g. SOI platform) with radius of r. The slotted waveguide is formed by removing the center row of holes and inscribing with the rectangular slot of width d. The slotted PhC w aveguide is obtained by first producing the slotted PhC waveguide and then filling it with low index material (e.g. DDMEBT) of linear refractive index of 1.8 and third-order nonlinear coefficient of 1.7x10 -17 m2/W as shown in Fig. 1. The FDTD simulations have been performed by assuming the geometry is invariant in the x-y plane with effective refractive index of 2.98 at λ = 1550 nm for transverse electric mode.

Figure 1: Slotted 2D PhC waveguides: (a) and (b) are the designs of the fifth-order filter based on CROWs and two side-coupled resonators and waveguide, respectively. The details of the one resonator are shown in (c).

32

Figures 1(a-b) show the 2D PhC structures of coupled five identical slotted cavities together through the waveguide and two identical side-coupled slotted cavities and slotted waveguide, respectively. Each cavity is formed by gradually changing the slotted width from 50 nm at the center to 120 nm of both sides as shown in Fig. 1(c). The increasing step of slotted width of cavity is 10 nm for each periodicity, whereas the slotted waveguide widths at the input and output ports are kept at 50 nm. The design of the cavity with a slotted width gradually increases to reduce the abrupt change of the intensity inside the resonator. In the context of the presentation, a general of enhancing high-order resonant Q-factor with multiple coupled resonators will be treated by using CMT in time, and then confirmed by the FDTD simulation for slotted 2D PhCs filled with a low refractive index nonlinear material for application of switching/bistability. This result might provide a guideline for all-optical signal processing on a PhC chip design.

Acknowledgment This research is funded by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under grant number “103.03-2017.02”.

References [1] Q. M. Ngo, S. Kim, J. Lee, H. Lim, Journal of Lightwave Technology 30 , 3525- 3531 (2012). [2] H. A. Haus, Waves and Fields in Optoelectronics (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1984). [3] T. T. Hoang, Q. M. Ngo, D. L. Vu, Q. K. Le, T. K. Nguyen, P. T. H. Nguyen, Journal of Nanophotonics 12 (1), 016014 (2018).

33

Suppression of photonic stopband reflection in metal-photonic structure

The Linh PHAM 1, Hong Luu DANG 1, Minh Nguyet NGUYEN 1, Dac Tuyen LE 2, *, Dinh Lam VU 1, * 1Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam 2Department of Physics, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, 18 Pho Vien, Hanoi, Vietnam *Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]

The rapid development in micro and nano manufacturing allows people to fabricate more and more artificial materials with outstanding features. Artificial structures of highly ordered periodic nano/micro have been demonstrated unique properties in ability to control electromagnetic wave [1-3]. They are a new class of optical materials and can be gained properties rooted from their structures rather than directly from chemical composition. Therefore, by adjusting the shape, size, orientation and arrangement of the structures, we can obtain desired features. Photonic crystals (PhCs) or metamaterials (MMs) have proven their applications and are nowadays a familiar concept. PhCs can be used to manipulate the flow of light by photonic band gap effect [1]. In 2000, the MM of negative refractive index was observed for first time by Smith and coworkers [2]. Numerous fascinating applications of MMs have been demonstrated such as superlens, invisible cloaking, and perfect absorption. For the interest of optical materials with nanostructures, self-assembled dielectric arrays have been used as backbone to distribute noble metal nanoparticles [4]. In this work, we use SiO 2 opal photonic crystal as a template to corrugate golden film with nanometer size periodicity. Optical characterizations are investigated via reflection measurement. Figure 1(a) shows the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of the annealed golden film. We can clearly observe golden nanocaps on the top of each sphere. Figure 1(b) presents the reflection spectra of a pure opal substrate and its golden cap structure. The reflection peak of the pure opal is result from effect of opal photonic stop band associated Bragg diffraction. However, the reflection peak of golden cap structure is inversed. It indicates the interesting properties of golden caps which can be absorbed electromagnetic wave. We have demonstrated a simple and inexpensive method to fabricate metal-photonic structure working on visible region. The golden caps lead to enhance absorption of the structure.

34

Figure 1. (a) SEM image of golden cap structure. (b) Reflection spectra of pure opal and golden cap structure.

Acknowledgement This research is funded by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under grant number 103.02-2017.67.

References [1] M. Fujita, S. Takahashi, Y. Tanaka, T. Asano, and S. Noda, Science 308 , 1296 (2005) [2] D. Smith, W. J. Padilla, D. Vier, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, Phys. Rev. Lett . 84 , 4184 (2000) [3] N. Segal, S. Keren-Zur, N. Hendler and T. Ellenbogen, Nature Photonics 17 , 1 (2015) [4] L. D. Tuyen, et al. Opt. Express 20 , 29266 (2012) ơ

35

Mercury concentration in different parts of brain of big Sus srcofa from Małopolska region, Poland

V.V. THIEP 1,2,* , M. BŁASZCZYK 1, R. STAWARZ 1, J.Ł. BINKOWSKI 1 1 Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland 2 Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Quang Binh University, 312 Ly Thuong Kiet Str, Dong Hoi, Quang Binh, Vietnam *Email: [email protected]

The parts of pig's brain (forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, and brainstem) were collected in 2016 in the slaughterhouses located in Małopolska region, Poland. Total mercury (Hg) content was determined by cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometer. The study indicated the mean concentrations of Hg were rather low (0.0055 µg g -1 w.w.). Mean Hg concentration in the hindbrain, forebrain, brainstem, and midbrain were 0.0056, 0.0056, 0.0054 and 0.0054 µg g -1 w.w., respectively (Table 1). There was no a significant difference in Hg concentrations between 4 sections of pig's brain (p > 0.05). The Hg concentration in the brain is approximately equal to the number of muscles, but lower than in liver and kidneys, compared to literature data (Table 2). In all tested samples, the Hg level was below the permissible Hg limits for food in Europe follow European Commission [1-4].

Table 1. Hg concentration (µg g -1 w.w.) in parts of the brain of pigs (N=28) in Małopolska region, Poland Material Mean SE SD Minimum Maximum hindbrain 0.0056 0.0007 0.0037 0.0012 0.0139 forebrain 0.0056 0.0006 0.0033 0.0010 0.0126 midbrain 0.0054 0.0005 0.0028 0.0013 0.0114 brainstem 0.0054 0.0006 0.0031 0.0012 0.0141

Table 2. Published data on Hg concentrations (µg g -1w.w.) in pig liver, kidney and muscle. Liver Kidney Muscle Country Reference - - 0.012 Ghana Nkansah and Ansah (2014) [8] 0.001 0.002 0.001 Spain López-Alonso et al. (2007) [7] - - 0.001 Poland Paulina et al. (2012) [11] 0.005 0.008 0.003 Poland Falandysz J., Gajda B., (1988) [5] 0.004 0.012 0.001 Czech Republic Ulrich et al. (2001) [13] - - 0.003 Czech Republic Raszyk et al. (1996) [12] 0.015 0.019 0.009 Sweden Jorhem et al. (1991) [6] - - 0.003 Croatia Nina et al. (2010) [10] 0.012 0.014 0.011 Finland Niemi et al. (1991) [9] 36

References [1] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 1999. Public Health Statement Mercury . Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. [2] AMAP/UNEP, 2008. Technical background report to the global atmospheric mercury assessment. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme/UNEP Chemicals Branch, pp 1-159. [3] European Communities, 2005. Community Strategy Concerning Mercury— communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament. Commission on the European Communities. [4] European Commission, 2017. Maximum residue levels for mercury compounds, Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety (https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/initiatives/ares-2017- 3117108_en) [5] Falandysz J., Gajda B., 1988. Mercury content in muscle, liver and kidneys of slaughtered and game animals from the northern part of Poland, 1985-1986. Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny . 39:113-117 [6] Jorhem L., Slorach S., Sundström B., Ohlin B., 1991. Lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury in meat, liver and kidney of Swedish pigs and cattle in 1984-88. Food Additives and Contaminants., 8, 201-211 [7] López-Alonso M., Miranda M., Castilo C., Hernández J., García M., Benedito J., 2007. Toxic and esentail metals in liver, kidney and muscle of pigs at slauggter in Galicia (NW Spain). Food Additives and Contaminants , p 39. [8] Nkansah M. A., Ansah J. K., 2014. Determination of Cd, Mercury, As, Cr and Pb levels in meat from the Kumasi Central Abattoir. International Journal of Scientific and Research Volume 4, Issue 8. [9] Niemi A., Venalainen E. R., Hirvi T., Hirn J., Karppanen E., 1991. The lead, cadmium and mercury concentrations in muscle, liver and kidney from Finnish pigs and cattle during 1987-1988. Zeitschrift fur Lebensmittl Untersuchung und Forschung . 192:427-429 [10] Nina B., Maja Đ., Marija S., 2010. Survey of Arsenic, cadmium, copper, mercury and lead in kidney of cattle, horse, sheep and pigs from rural areas in Croatia. Food Additives and Contaminants : Part B Surveillance. 3: 3, 172 — 177 [11] Paulina D., Małgorzata P. , Mariusz R., 2012. Zawarto ść metali ci ęż kich w wybranych produktach spo żywczych Województwa Podkarpackiego. Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna .N 1, str. 94–100 [12] Raszyk J., Nezveda K., Docekalová H., Salava J., Palác J., 1996. The presence of harmful chemical elements (Mercury, Cd, Pb) in the stable environment for pig herds (in Czech). Veterinarni Medicina- Czech. 41, 207-211 [13] Ulrich R., Raszyk J., Nápracník A., 2001. Variations in contamination by mercury, cadmium and lead on swine farms in the district of Hodonín in 1994 to 1999. Veterinarni Medicina- Czech. 46, (5): 132–139

37

Security dilemma of states in 21 st century on an example of Poland and Vietnam

Jarosław Indyk Institute of Political Science, Pedagogical University, Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland Email: [email protected]

Nowadays, as far as international relations are concerned, many countries face the security dilemma. This specially concerns developing countries such Vietnam and until recently Poland. Both countries have to, to large extent, balance their economies, in order to maintain continuous development, but on the other hand, their governments have to provide safety of their citizen in case of any threats. Despite the fact that these states are located on different continents and the distance between them is large, we can observe certain similarities such as: turbulent history, occupation by external states, and geopolitical situation [1]. Both Poland and Vietnam border countries that have great political, military, and economical resources. Due to the above, it is worth to discuss the dilemma of security that these both countries face, considering investments in atomic power technology and ballistic missiles, which, in the military aspect, gain importance every year. Many countries, especially those developing, faces so called security dilemma, which defines the level up to which and how a country should reinforce. In the 21 st century, along with the development of technology, the model of army based on a large number of soldiers, tanks or a military power measured by the number of armoured carriers is being discontinued. On the other hand, more significant are attacks using computers, the Internet, as well as the development of the technology ballistic missiles [2]. It is very visible in case of India, which invests in the development of technologies able to transport nuclear weapon [3], or USA, which, despite a reduction of conventional warfare means and nuclear bombs, still does not decrease the number of missiles for their transport. A similar trend can be noticed in case of states such as Israel, Russia, China, or North Korea. What is more, the international law states not much about the proliferation of the technology of ballistic missiles [4], thus, gives countries such as North Korea [5] or Iran free hand to conduct studies on development of weapons of such type. Due to the above, it seems very essential to analyse and discuss whether countries such as Poland and Vietnam should not revise their approaches to the issue of security and commonly, or individually, think about the possibility of investing in the development of own technologies being able to scare off potential enemies or to cause significant losses behind the enemy lines.

References [1] S. C. Tucker, The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History , ABC-CLICO Ltd, 41-46 (2000)

38

[2] M. Czajkowski Obrona przeciwrakietowa w stosunkach mi ędzynarodowych , Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiello ńskiego (2013) [3] J. Berlinger, N. Kumar, India tests-fires Agni-V, a nuclear-capable ICBM , cnn.com (January 19, 2018) [https://edition.cnn.com/2018/01/18/asia/india-icbm- tests/index.html] [4] Columbia Peoples, Justifying Ballistic Missile Defence: Technology, Security and Culture , Cambridge University Press,215-248 (2010) [5] M. Dodge, Keeping Up With North Korea’s And Iran’s Bad Ballistic Missiles , Investors.com (November 11, 2017) [https://www.investors.com/politics/commentary/keeping-up-with-bad-ballistic- missiles/] [6] A. Antoszewski, R. Herbut, Systemy polityczne współczesnego świata , Arche, 166-182 (2001) [7] I. E. Rinehart, S. A. Hildreth, S. V. Lawrence, Ballistic Missile Defense in the Asia--Pacific Region: Cooperation and Opposition , Congressional Research Service, 3-25 (April 3, 2015) [8] K. Atherton, Is North Korea investing in a fundamentally useless weapon? , Defence News (December 29, 2017) [https://www.defensenews.com/global/asia-pacific/2017/12/29/is-north-korea- investing-in-a-fundamentally-useless-weapon/]

39

40

Session 2

O-07 Tran Van PHUC Optical properties and chemical composition of transition layers formed in the process of irradiation by Ne +, Ar +, Kr + and Xe + ions of the multilayer TiO 2/SiO 2 system

O-08 Sylwia SOWA Superconductivity and structure of U-based alloys with selected (3-5)d-metals and of their hydrides

O-09 DINH Tien Hung Study of designing the scintillation detector using CsI(Tl) crystals and PIN photodiode for ambient gamma dose rate

O-10 HOANG Huu Thang Synthesis and Characterization of NaLi0.2Mn0.8O2 Oxide as a Cathode Material for Sodium-ion Batteries

O-11 Le Thi Thu PHUONG Levels of microelements (Cu, Zn, Fe) and macroelements (Mg, Ca) in organs of Mullet (Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758) in coastal Vietnam

O-12 Maria KOTKIEWICZ Social activity of NGO members as exemplified by scouts

41

42

Optical properties and chemical composition of transition layers formed in the process of irradiation by Ne +, Ar +, Kr + and Xe + ions of the multilayer TiO 2/SiO 2 system

M. Kulik 1,2 , D.E. Kołody ńska 3, H.M. Przewłocki 4, T.V. Phuc 1,5,* , Afag I. Madadzada1,6 , A.P. Kobzev 1, Z. Hubicki 3, J. Żuk 2 and K. Pyszniak 2 1Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow reg. 141980, Russia 2Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031, Lublin Poland 3 Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031, Lublin Poland 4 Institute of Electron Technology, 02-668,Warszawa Poland 5 Institute of Physics, Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology, 10 Dao Tan, Ba Dinh, Hanoi, VietNam 6 National Nuclear Research Center JSC, 370143, Baku, Azerbaijan *Email: [email protected]

+ + + Four groups of TiO 2/SiO 2/TiO 2/Si samples were irradiated by Ne , Ar , Kr and Xe + ions with the same fluence of 3x10 16 cm -2. Each of these groups was divided into four subgroups containing samples implanted with the same kind of ions with incident energies of 100 keV, 150 keV, 200 keV and 250 keV. The implantation process was carried out at room temperature. Spectra of dielectric functions and depth distribution chemical compositions were taken by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), both before and after the irradiation. The results of this research indicate the presence of transition layers between homogeneous TiO 2 and SiO 2 layers. It has been noticed that the thickness and chemical composition of these layers changes with the increasing energy and mass of implanted ions. The spectra of refraction and extinction coefficients of all the studied layers were calculated in the 250 nm to 1000 nm wavelength range. It was found that the spectra of refraction and extinction coefficients of the transition layers are efficiently found using the effective medium approximation (EMA). Using the ionic stripping of the TiO 2 surface layer and taking XPS spectra of Ti2 p and Ti3 p bounds it was found that concentration of Ti and TiO, TiO 2 and Ti 2O3 compounds changes with the increasing distance from the irradiated surface. Computer simulations conducted using the SRIM code have shown that these concentration changes of elements and chemical compounds can be attributed to the formation of vacancies and to the displacement of atoms in the investigated layers.

43

Superconductivity and structure of U-based alloys with selected (3-5) d-metals and of their hydrides

Sylwia SOWA 1,* , N.-T.H. KIM-NGAN 1, Magdalena KRUPSKA-KLIMCZAK 1, Mykhaylo PAUKOV 2, Volodymyr BUTURLIM 2, Ladislav HAVELA 2 1Nanostructure Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Pedagogical University, Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland 2Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 12116 Prague, Czech Republic *Email: [email protected]

Uranium metal exists in three allotropic phases: α, β and γ. Using ultrafast- cooling (splat-cooling) with the cooling rate of 106 K/s helps to minimalize the T alloying concentration (T=Mo, Zr, Nb, Pt, Pd, Ti, Ru) necessary to retain the γ-U phase in U-T alloys down to low temperatures. The hydrogen absorption in U-T alloys at high hydrogen pressures leads to a formation of the hydrides implying a disappearance of the superconductivity and a formation of U magnetic moment [1]. The temperature dependences of electrical resistivity of selected splat-cooled U-T alloys are summarized in Fig. 1. U-T splats become superconductivity at low temperatures revealed by resistivity drops to zero. The sharpest drop and the highest Tc = 2.11 K was obtained for U-15at.% Mo, which is a conventional BCS superconductor. Additional information about the superconducting phase transition was provided by the temperature dependence of the specific heat, measured for some of splats down to 0.3 K (Fig. 2). For U-15at.% Mo and U-15at.% Ru splats a pronounced λ- type of anomaly was observed [2]. All the splats can absorb hydrogen when exposed to a high H 2 pressure forming hydrides of approximate stoichiometry (UH 3)1-xTx. A much larger volume expansion can be achieved by hydrogen absorption, yielding two structure variants of UH 3, namely α-UH 3 and β-UH 3, which become strong ferromagnets with TC ≈ 165 K [3].

Figure 1. Superconducting phase transition in U-T splats indicated by abrupt drops of the electrical resistivity to zero. All curves are normalized to the resistivity value at T = 4 K [2].

44

Figure 2. Specific heat anomalies related to the superconducting phase transition for selected U-T splats. The vertical bars indicate theoretical BCS values.

In the present study we compare the structure and electronic properties of splat- cooled U-T alloys and their hydrides [2]. Analysis of XRD data for the hydrides with Nb and Ti reveals a mixture of α- and β-UH 3 hydrides for the 15% alloying level (Fig. 3). The hydride with composition (UH 3)0.85 Ru 0.15 exhibits a pattern similar to (UH 3)0.85 Mo 0.15 , although the average grains size is not as small as in the Mo alloying case. The peak broadening does not allow precise determination of lattice parameters, which, however, remain close to those of α- and β-UH 3 hydrides. The alloying increases the Curie temperature of UH 3 reaching over 190 K for UH 3 with 15% Ti. TC starts to decrease for the higher alloying levels.

Figure 3. Comparison of XRD patterns of selected hydrides with simulated patterns of α- and β- UH 3.

Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Czech Science Foundation under the Grant 15- 01100S and the Visegrad/V4EaP Scholarship-51600543. Experiments were partly performed at MLTL ( http://mltl.eu/ ), which is supported within the program of Czech Research Infrastructures (project No. LM2011025). References: [1] S. Sowa et al., Acta Phys. Pol. A , 130 , 521-526 (2016). [2] S. Sowa et.al., Physica B , Physica B , 536 , 546-552 (2018). [3] I. Tkach et al ., J. Alloys Comp ., 534 , 101-109 (2012). 45

Study of designing the scintillation detector using CsI(Tl) crystals and PIN photodiode for ambient gamma dose rate

D. T. Hung 1* , P. D. Khang 2 1Military Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (MICEE), DCT08, Phu Vinh, An Khanh, Hoai Đuc, Hanoi, Vietnam 2Hanoi University of Science and Technology, 1 Dai Co Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam *Email: [email protected]

In Vietnamese weather conditions, it is difficult to use NaI(Tl) scintillation detector which combined PMTs for out-door real-time gamma spectrum monitoring purpose. Using this system, the gamma spectrum will be continuously shifted, because the light output and the photo-emission (in proportion to scintillator and PMTs) will be significantly changed by the environmental temperature. Therefore, designing others scintillation detector including CsI(Tl) crystals and PIN photodiode is ideal to replace NaI(Tl) and PMTs - the light output and electron emission in electronic components are constant when the environmental temperature changed. This paper shows some results with new detector (includes CsI(Tl) and PIN photodiode) for use in the measure of that type.

Acknowledgment This work was supported by the MICEE Research Project in KC.AT Program, No. 634/2017/HDKHCN.

46

Synthesis and Characterization of NaLi 0.2 Mn 0.8 O2 Oxide as a Cathode Material for Sodium-ion Batteries

Huu Thang HOANG 1,2 , Nang Long PHUONG 1,2 , Van Nghia NGUYEN 3,* , Vu Chung HOANG 1 1Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Hanoi, Vietnam 2 University of Engineering and Technology, 144 Xuan Thuy Street, Hanoi, Vietnam 3Hanoi Architectural University, Km10 Nguyen Trai Street, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam *Email: [email protected]

Recently, lithium ion batteries are commonly used in mobile electronic devices, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems. However, due to the limited resources and high production cost of lithium compounds, finding the new abundant and environmental friendly materials is desirable. Sodium ion batteries are attractive candidates for the energy storage on a large scale because of the sodium-rich resources and competitive production cost. Recently, the P2-layered structure compounds have been proposed and used as the cathode materials for the sodium-ion batteries. In this study, the NaLi 0.2 Mn 0.8 O2 oxide was successfully synthesized by a conventional solid state reaction method. The XRD analysis revealed that the NaLi 0.2 Mn 0.8 O2 material has the P2- layered structure, belonging to the space group P6 3/mmc , lattice parameters are a = 2.85995 Å, c = 11.06368 Å, and cell volume = 78.3697 Å 3. Coating carbon onto the NaLi 0.2 Mn 0.8 O2 material using different carbon compounds is reported as well. (1 blan

47

Levels of microelements (Cu, Zn, Fe) and macroelements (Mg, Ca) in organs of Mullet ( Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758) in coastal Vietnam

L.T.T. PHUONG 1,* , V.V. THIEP 1,2 , N.T.Q. PHUONG 1, H.A. VU 1, L.K. VU 1, N.T.T. VAN 1 1 Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Quang Binh University, 312 Ly Thuong Kiet Str, Dong Hoi, Quang Binh, Vietnam 2 Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland *Email: [email protected]

Fish is not only a source of valuable proteins and specific n-3 and n-6 polyenoic fatty acids, but it also provides necessary mineral macroelements (calcium, magnesium) and microelements (copper, zinc, iron) [1-4]. Thus, in this study, the concentrations of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) in organs (muscle, gill, and liver) of Mullet ( Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758) were investigated. Samples were collected in coastal Vietnam from July to October 2017. Total heavy metals concentration determined by the flame atomic absorption spectrometer [5-7]. The result showed that there was the significant difference in concentration of calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, and iron in muscle, gill, and liver (p<0,05). Mean Cu concentration in muscle < gill < liver (0.041, 0.055 and 0.080 µg g - 1 d.w., respectively). Mean Fe concentration in muscle < liver < gill (2.225, 2.247 and 5.394 µg g -1 d.w., respectively). Mean Zn concentration in liver < gill < muscle (0.486, 0.664 and 1.093 µg g -1 d.w., respectively). Mean Mg concentration in liver < gill < muscle (0.082, 0.206 and 0.373 µg g -1 d.w., respectively). Mean Ca concentration in liver < gill < muscle (0.036, 1.651 and 2.096 µg g -1 d.w., respectively) (Table 1).

Table 1. Heavy metals concentration (µg g -1 d.w.) in organs of the Mullet (N=54) in coastal Vietnam Cu Fe Zn Mg Ca Mean ± 0.055 ± 5.394 ± 0.664 ± 0.206 ± 1.651 ± SD 0.034 2.891 0.249 0.084 0.669 Gill Min 0.018 1.383 0.169 0.069 0.547 Max 0.181 12.296 1.268 0.389 3.719 Mean ± 0.080 ± 2.247 ± 0.486 ± 0.082 ± 0.036 ± SD 0.033 1.327 0.172 0.018 0.052 Liver Min 0.025 0.485 0.220 0.047 -0.051 Max 0.140 5.817 0.900 0.111 0.189 Mean ± 0.041 ± 2.225 ± 1.093 ± 0.373 ± 2.069 ± SD 0.033 1.579 0.532 0.164 1.205 Muscle Min -0.022 0.186 0.297 0.065 0.017 Max 0.113 4.958 2.266 0.660 4.488

48

The study results also showed that the bioaccumulation of these heavy metals also depends on fish weight and body length and age. The estimated levels of all metals in the present study were lower than the limits permitted by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO).

References [1] Ewa Brucka-Jastrz ębska, Dorota Kawaczuga, Monika Rajkowska, Mikołaj Protasowicki, 2009. Levels of microelements (Cu, Zn, Fe) and macroelements (Mg, Ca) in freshwater fish. J. Elementol. 14(3): 437-447 [2] Joanna Łuczy ńska, Kazimierz Markiewicz, Jan Jaworski, 2006. Interspecific differences in the contents of macro- and microelements in the muscle of six fish species from of the Olsztyn Lake district (North-east of Poland). Pol. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 15(1): 29-35 [3] Joanna Łuczy ńska, El żbieta To ńska, Marek J. Łuczy ński, 2009. Essential mineral components in the muscles of six freshwater fish from the Mazurian Great Lakes (northeastern Poland). Arch. Pol. Fish. 17: 171-178 [4] Kamal J. Elnabris, Shareef K. Muzyed, Nizam M. El-Ashgar, 2013. Heavy metal concentrations in some commercially important fishes and their contribution to heavy metals exposure in Palestinian people of Gaza Strip (Palestine). Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Basic and Applied Sciences . (13) 44–51 [5] Mazlin Bin Mokhtar, Ahmad Zaharin Aris, Vikneswaran Munusamy, Sarva Mangala Praveena, 2009. Assessment level of heavy metals in Penaues Monodon and Oreochromis Spp in selected aquanculture ponds of high densities development area. European Journal of Scientific Research . 30(3): 348-360 [6] O. Mogobe, K. Mosepele and W. R. L. Masamba, 2015. Essential mineral content of common fish species in Chanoga, Okavango Delta, Botswana. African J. of Food Science . 9(9): 480-486 [7] S. Squadrone, M. Prearo, P Brizio, S. Gavinelli., M. Pellegrino, T Scanzio, S. Guarise, A. Benedetto, M. C. Abete, 2012. Heavy metals distribution in muscle, liver, kidney and gill of European catfish (Silurus glanis) from Italian Rivers. J. Chemosphere . (90) 358–365

49

Social activity of NGO members as exemplified by scouts

Maria KOTKIEWICZ , Faculty of Political Science, Institute of Political Science, Pedagogical University, Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland Email: [email protected]

Recent years have seen a rapid development of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in Poland, as they have played a crucial role in raising citizen awareness in both rural and urban areas. An example of an NGO is the Polish Scouting and Guiding Association (ZHP), which is the largest youth care organisation in Poland. This work presents the results of a survey concerning social activity of scouts, conducted online among a number of child, junior, and adult members of the Polish Scouting and Guiding Association. The aim of the study is to determine whether the membership in the scout movement, with all the knowledge and skills gained by the members, raises their citizen awareness and encourages their social activity outside the structure of the Association, and, if so, in what ways and to what extent.

50

Session 3

O-13 Magdalena KRUPSKA-KLIMCZAK + + + Intermixing in Fe 3O4 films induced by 1MeV Ar , Kr and Au ion irradiation

O-14 PHAM Hoai Linh Study on fabrication of magnetic fluids based on spinel ferrite Fe 3O4 nanoparticles for applying in magnetic fluid hyperthermia cancer treatment

O-15 Tomasz MRÓZ Reactor neutron activation analysis in studies of C3-CAM transition of Mesembryantheum crystallinum L

O-16 Artur JACH-CHRZASZCZ The Treaty of Trianon: the politics of memory in contemporary Hungary

51

52

Intermixing in Fe 3O4 films induced by 1MeV Ar +, Kr + and Au + ion irradiation

Magdalena KRUPSKA-KLIMCZAK 1,* , N.-T.H. KIM-NGAN 1, Sylwia SOWA 1, Adam G. BALOGH 2, Petr MALINSKY 3, Anna MACKOVA 3,4 1Nanostructure Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Pedagogical University, Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland 2Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Darmstadt University of Applied Science, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany 3Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., 25 068 Rez, Czech Republic 4Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkinje University, Ceske Mladeze 8, 400 96 Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic *Email: [email protected]

We used 1-2 MeV rare-gas (He, Ar, Kr) and metal (Au) ion beams to study and modify the surface and interfaces of thin films of materials with a high potential for applications. In this work we present our results obtained for magnetite (Fe 3O4) films. Fe 3O4 is one of the most known magnetic materials. It is considered recently as a promising candidate for applications as spintronic devices at room temperature. Fe 3O4 films were grown on MgO(001) substrate by molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) with single- and bi-layer structure (Fe 3O4/MgO(001) and Fe 3O4/Fe/MgO(001), respectively). To study the ion beam mixing effect and its influence on the film properties, crystallinity and stability, we performed ion irradiation experiments using 1MeV Ar +, Kr + [1] and Au + ions on these films. The chemical composition, layer thickness and film crystallinity of the films were investigated by using Rutherford Backscattering spectrometry (RBS), RBS-channeling experiments (RBS-C) and X-ray reflectometry. We show that Ar +, Kr + and Au + irradiation induced large interfacial zones due to a strong ion mixing. The most important finding is that the stoichiometric Fe 3O4 layer on the film surface of the bi-layered films (Fe 3O4/Fe/MgO(001)) could be well preserved upon Ar + and Kr + ion irradiation, despite of a large decrease of the layer thickness. The Au + ion irradiation revealed that Au + ions penetrates deeply into the MgO substrate. Acknowledgment The magnetite thin films were prepared within the scope of cooperation with prof. J. Korecki (AGH Kraków). We highly acknowledges the great help of RBS group in the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the University Frankfurt/Main during performing RBS and RBS-C experiments and Ar + and Kr + ion irradiation experiments. Additional RBS measurements and Au + ion irradiation experiments were carried out at the CANAM infrastructure of the NPICAS Rez supported through MEYS project No. LM2015056 and by the GACR project P108/12/G108. References [1] N-T. H. Kim-Ngan, M. Krupska, A. G. Balogh, P. Malinsky, A. Mackova, Adv. Nat. Sci.: Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 8 (2017) 045005

53

Study on fabrication of magnetic fluids based on spinel ferrite Fe 3O4 nanoparticles for applying in magnetic fluid hyperthermia cancer treatment

Pham Hoai Linh 1,* , Pham Hong Nam 1, Ta Ngoc Bach 1,Vu Dinh Lam 1, Le Van Hong 1, Nguyen Xuan Phuc 1, Pham Thanh Phong 2 1Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Acadermy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet road, Cau Giay ward, Hanoi, Vietnam 2Theoretical Physics Research Group, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam *Email: [email protected]

In recent years, magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) therapy has been considered as a promising therapy for cancer treatment because it offers fewer unwanted effects than conventional therapies such as chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy [1]. In the MFH therapy, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in stable colloidal suspensions are injected locally into cancer tissues. Under the help of an external alternating magnetic field (AMF), the MNPs are able to generate heat (corresponding to the temperature in range of 42 oC-46 oC) only in the tissues containing MNPs to reduces cancer cell viability and destroy them without harm to surrounding healthy tissue [2]. Althought the MFH therapy has many advantages, but clinical applications of MFH therapy are still great challenge such as quantifying the maximum allowable magnetic field condition, engineering MNPs to achive subtantial accumulation in cancer tumor after systermic delivery... [3]. In real in- vivo application, MNPs are likely to aggregate and form clusters after they have been injected into blood vessels or cancer tumors. A better understanding of magnetic heating behavior of magnetic nanoclusters allows us obtain the reliable heating responses as the case of nanoparticles located in biological subjects. Interestingly, recent studies have also indicated that MNP clusters have a much higher saturation magnetization than individual MNPs [4]. This feature may open an alternative way to enhance heating efficiency [5]. In addition, the core MNPs coated with dextran or OCMCS were well-dispersed in the solution in the form of colloidal cluster [6]. Thus, a well-understanding the influence of the colloidal cluster interactions on the heating capacity is important factor to design the advanced cluster structures [7]. In this work, we studied and successfully fabricated magnetic fluids based on Fe 3O4 nanoparticles coated with dextran or O-carboxymethy chitosan [8-9]. The coated particles are well dispersed in aqueous solution in form of clusters with an average size of about 148 nm for magnetic fluids based on Fe 3O4 NPs coated dextran and from 52 nm to 179 nm for the coated with OCMCS. Magnetic fluids exhibit high SAR and ILP ( intrinsic loss power, used to compare the induction heating of magnetic fluid at various magnetic fields) values, at low field strength and low Fe 3O4 concentration. The highest SLP and ILP were obtained for dextran coated Fe 3O4 concentration of 1mg/mL were 167 W/g and 14.8 nHm 2/kg. The magnetic fluid based on Fe 3O4 NPs coated OCMCS yield a high SAR of 204 W/g and ILP of 17.15 54

nHm 2/kg for sample with the smaless hydrodynamic size. In particular, the role of magnetic interaction between magnetic clusters on heat dissipation of magnetic fluid under alternating field was addressed. Our results imply that magnetic interactions between magnetic clusters directly and strongly influence the magnetic response of the nanoparticles to external field of mT range and, therefore, lead to large SLP and ILP in magnetic fluids.

Fig 1. TEM images of Fe 3O4 NPs (a), their corresponding size distribution histograms (b), OCMCS-coated Fe 3O4 NPs with different amounts of OCMCS during synthesis: S0.1 (c, f), S0.3 (d, g), S0.6 (e, h).

Fig. 2. Heating curves of OCMCS-coated Fe 3O4 NP samples at different magnetic concentrations and SAR as a function of magnetic concentration.

55

References [1] Challa.S.S.R.Kumar, F.Mohammad ((2011)) Magnetic nano materials for hyperthermia-based therapy and controlled drug delivery . AdvDrug Deliv Rev 63:789–808 [2] Dutz S, Hergt R (2013) Magnetic nanoparticle heating and heat transfer on a microscale: basic principles, realities and physical limitations of hyperthermia for tumour therapy . Int J Hyperthermia 29:790–800 [3] Sophie Laurent, Silvio Dutz, Urs O. Häfeli, Morteza Mahmoudi (2011) Magneticfluid hyperthermia: Focus on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles . Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 166:8–23 [4] Lartigue L, Hugounenq P, Alloyeau D, Clarke SP, Levy M, Bacri JC, Ménager C (2012) Cooperative organization in iron oxide multi-core nanoparticles potentiates their efficiency as heating mediators and MRI contrast agents . ACS Nano 6:10935e10949 [5] Serantes D, Simeonidis K, Angelakeris M, Chubykalo-Fesenko O, Marciello M, Morales MdP, Baldomir D, Martinez-Boubeta C (2014) Multiplying Magnetic Hyperthermia Response by Nanoparticle Assembling . J Phys Chem C 118:5927−5934 [6] Anastasia K. Hauser, Ronita Mathias, Kimberly W. Anderson, Hilt JZ (2015) The effects of synthesis method on the physical and chemical properties of dextran coated iron oxide nanoparticles . Materials Chemistry and Physics 160:177–186 [7] Ihab M. Obaidat, Bashar Issa, Yousef Haik (2015) Magnetic Properties of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Efficient Hyperthermia . Nanomaterials 5(1):63-89. [8] P.H. Linh, N. V. Chien, D. D. Dung, P. H. Nam, D. T. Hoa, N. T. N. Anh, L. V. Hong, N. X. Phuc, and P. T. Phong, Biocompatible nanoclusters of O- carboxymethyl chitosan-coated Fe 3O4 nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and magnetic heating efficiency , Journal of Materials Science, (2018)53.8887- 8900. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2180-0 (fisrt online 05/03/2018). [9] P. H. Linh, N. X. Phuc, L. V. Hong, L. L. Uyen, N. V. Chien, P. H. Nam, N. T. Quy, H. T. M. Nhung, P. T. Phong, In-Ja Lee, Dextran coated magnetite high susceptibility nanoparticles for hyperthermia applications , Accepted for publication in Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 460 (2018) 128– 136.

56

Reactor neutron activation analysis in studies of C 3-CAM transition of Mesembryantheum crystallinum L.

Tomasz MRÓZ 1,2,* , Andrzej KORNA Ś1 1Pedagogical University of Cracow, Institute of Biology, Kraków 30084, Poland 2Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Institute of Physics, Kraków, Poland *Email: [email protected]

Instrumental neutron activation (INAA) analysis is non-destructive technique of determination elemental composition in investigated samples. INAA is based on inducing artificial radioactivity by irradiating sample with high flux of neutrons and measurements of gamma-rays being emitted by decaying nuclei. In our study we have used INAA for determination of elemental composition changes in Mesembryantheum crystallinum L. samples collected during experimentally induced C 3-to-CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) transition. Our studies showed, that INAA is powerful tool to use in biological studies, which provides information about concentration of almost 50 elements in one analyzed sample, with detection limits comparable with mass spectroscopy (such as ICP-MS).

57

The Treaty of Trianon: the politics of memory in contemporary Hungary

Artur JACH-CHRZASZCZ Faculty of Political Science, Institute of Political Science Pedagogical University, Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland Email: [email protected]

Historically, Vietnam and Hungary are not strongly connected with each other. Looking from the prism of modern times – they are, because the relationships in the field of international relations like trade and scientific exchange and others are established between these countries. However, such relations in the XIX and XX century did not occur, but the history of the formation of independent states was similar both in Vietnam and Hungary. In the aforementioned period, both countries changed their borders. Moreover, they were influenced by other powers. This state prevented the development and functioning of both countries for a long time. The years from 1843 to 1940 are the period of protectorate for Vietnam, and in fact – a French colony. In a similar period, the fate of Hungary hanged in the air. Although in the case of this country, the period of domination of foreign powers in Hungary really began with the defeat in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, the consequence of this event was the division of Hungarian lands into three parts in 1541. Therefore, Hungary became a Turkish province. At the end of the XVII century, the country passed from the hands of the Ottoman Empire to the rule of the Habsburgs. This did not contribute to the independence of Hungary in any way. The year 1848 is the time of the Hungarian uprising, which indirectly allows Hungary to unite with Austria and create the dualistic monarchy of Austria and Hungary. This time until the outbreak of the First World War is the period (still despite the lack of full independence) of prosperity in Hungary. However, the price for this monarchy will cause a national trauma among Hungarians that continues to this day. On June 4, 1920, the Treaty of Trianon was signed at the Grand Trianon Palace. It resulted in the loss of 2/3 of the existing lands and population living in pre-treaty Hungary. The numerous numbers of ethnic Hungarians inhabiting the territories incorporated into the newly created countries directed the Hungarian policy to efforts aimed at the recovery of the lost lands. Thus, the interwar policy of Miklós Horthy was based on the recovery of the lost lands. These territories were promised to Hungary by Adolf Hitler in exchange for a military alliance. Despite the recovered parts of the lands (under the provisions of the Vienna arbitrage) after losing the Second World War on February 10, 1947, Hungary (by signing the peace treaty with the Allies) returned to the borders determined by the Treaty of Trianon. The objective of the presentation is to present to the listeners the political events and the history of Hungary, as well as the geopolitical situation occurring in these years in Europe. The author, due to the conducted researches and the subject matter related to his doctoral thesis, will pay special attention to the decisions and

58

consequences connected with the Treaty of Trianon. Moreover, he will present Hungary’s current aspirations to commemorate events affecting the present shape of the Hungarian state.

References [1] E. Paul, Slovak Views of the Hungarian Minority , 31 , 485-493 (2003) [2] E. Raffay, Magyar tragédia: Trianon 75 éve , Püski Kiadó, 193-199 (2006) [3] G. Jeszenszky, The Afterlife of the Treaty of Trianon , 184 , 101-111 (2006) [4] M. Zeidler, Trianon , Osiris Kiadó, 674-676 (2003) [5] O. Jászi, Kossuth and the Treaty of Trianon , Foreign Affairs, 12 , 86-97 (1933) [6] S. Vardy, The Impact of Trianon upon Hungary , 10 , 21-42 (1983)

59

60

Session 4

O-17 NGUYEN Ngoc Anh Experimental study on nuclear level scheme, nuclear level density, and radiative strength function using the gamma–gamma coincidence spectrometer in Vietnam

O-18 Maria PODGÓRNA Raman scattering investigations of phase transitions in the nanocrystals of PbZrO 3-BiFeO 3 system

O-19 NGUYEN Minh Nguyet Impact of external factors on electromagnetic properties of metamaterial absorbers in THz region

O-20 NGUYEN Thi Thu Ha Synthesis the series of compounds Sr 2MO 3FeAs (M = V, Cr)

O-21 VU Hoang Anh Assessment of impacts to biodiversity forest in Dong Chau forest - Nuoc Trong stream, Kim Thuy commune, Le Thuy district, Quang Binh province

O-22 Anna MICHNIEWSKA Khan Academy - a platform supporting the teaching and learning process in Poland

61

62

Experimental study on nuclear level scheme, nuclear level density, and radiative strength function using the gamma – gamma coincidence spectrometer in Vietnam

Ngoc Anh NGUYEN 1,* , Xuan Hai NGUYEN 1, Dinh Khang PHAM 2, Huu Thang HO 1, Van Minh TRUONG 3 1Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, 01 Nguyen Tu Luc, Dalat, Vietnam 2Hanoi University of Science and Technology, 1 Dai Co Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam 3Dong Nai University, Bien Hoa, Vietnam *Email: [email protected]

Experimental nuclear level scheme (NLS), nuclear level density (NLD), and radiative strength function (RSF) are all together important quantities, which are necessary for nuclear reaction, nuclear structure, and astronomical studies. It has been well-known that the gamma–gamma coincidence method [1] can be used to study the NLS, NLD, and RSF in the energy range from 0.5 MeV to B n-0.5 MeV (B n is the neutron binding energy). Within this method, the cascade decays, which are obtained fr om the decay of the initial compound state to the different final states, are measured. Based on the experimental cascade decays, the NLS and the gamma cascade intensity distribution are constructed. Since the gamma cascade intensity distribution is relate d to both the NLD and RSF, these quantities can be extracted from the gamma cascade intensity distribution [2-5]. This talk presents our recent studies on NLS, NLD, and RSF via (n, γ) reaction using the gamma – gamma coincidence spectrometer at Dalat Nucle ar Research Institute, Vietnam. The experimental setup is given in Fig. 1. Our achievement with NLS of 172 Yb [6], as well as some unpublished and recent results obtained for 153 Sm and 183,187 W, will be discussed.

Figure 1. The experimental setup of the gamma –gamma coincidence spectrometer at Dalat Nuclear Research Institute 63

Acknowledgment We would like to thank the Ministry of Science and Technology of Vietnam for the financial support through the projects coded KC05. We would like also to thank the operation team of Dalat Nuclear Research Reactor for their kind support during our experiments. The corresponding author wants to thank Dr. A.M. Sukhovoj at the Joint Institute of Nuclear Physics, Dubna, Russia for his generous and thoughtful guidance on the gamma–gamma coincidence method.

References [1] S.T. Boneva, E. V Vasil’eva, Y.P. Popov, A.M. Sukhovoi, V.A. Khitrov, Two- quantum cascades of radiative neutron capture 1. Spectroscopy of excited states of complex nuclei in the neutron binding energy region , Fiz. Elme. Chastits At. Yadra. 22 (1991) 479. [2] S.T. Boneva, V.A. Khitrov, A.M. Sukhovoj, A.V. Vojnov, Excitation study of high-lying states of differently shaped heavy nuclei by the method of two-step cascades , Nucl. Phys. A. 589 (1995) 293–306. [3] E. V. Vasilieva, A.M. Sukhovoj, V.A. Khitrov, Direct experimental estimate of parameters that determine the cascade gamma decay of compound states of heavy nuclei , Phys. At. Nucl. 64 (2001) 153–168. [4] A.M. Sukhovoj, New model of the cascade gamma decay of neutron resonances for practitioners: Basic concepts and attainable precision , Phys. At. Nucl. 78 (2015) 230–245. [5] F. Be čvá ř, P. Cejnar, J. Honzátko, K. Kone čný, I. Tomandl, R.E. Chrien, E 1 and M 1 strengths studied from two-step γ cascades following capture of thermal neutrons in Dy 162 , Phys. Rev. C. 52 (1995) 1278–1294. [6] N.A. Nguyen, X.H. Nguyen, D.K. Pham, Q.H. Nguyen, H.T. Ho, Updated level scheme of 172 Yb from 171 Yb(nth, γ) reaction studied via gamma–gamma coincidence spectrometer , Nucl. Phys. A. 964 (2017) 55–68.

64

Raman scattering investigations of phase transitions in the nanocrystals of PbZrO 3-BiFeO 3 system

Maria PODGÓRNA 1,* , Maciej PTAK 2, Maciej CHRUNIK 3, Irena JANKOWSKA-SUMARA 1, Julita PIECHA 4, Dariusz ZASADA 5 1Institute of Physics, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podchor ąż ych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland 2Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-950 Wrocław 2, Poland 3Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology, Urbanowicza 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland 4Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland 5Department of Advanced Materials and Technologies, Military University of Technology, Urbanowicza 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland *Email: [email protected]

Recently, the origin of antiferroelectricity is widely discussed in literature. Basing on the lattice dynamics in PbZrO 3 a phenomenological model with competing interactions between AFE and FE modes was proposed by Tagantsev [1]. It is well know that competing interactions can be strengthened by doping or pressure. Consequently some chemical modifications by different cation replacement can strengthen either FE mode (i.e. Ti 4+ ) or AFE mode (i.e. Sn 4+ ) [2]. Form the available literature it is known that doping of PbZrO 3 with BiFeO 3 less than 20% does not alter the parent orthorhombic structure of PbZrO 3 [3]. PbZrO 3 is as classical antiferroelectric with Pbam orhorhombic space group [1] whereas BiFeO 3 is known as multiferroic possessing rohombohedral R3m structure [3]. Here we reinvestigate the phase transitions sequence of PbZrO 3 substituted with small amount ( up to mol 4% ) of BiFeO 3 by means of, micro-Raman scattering, dielectric and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. Polycrystalline powders of PbZrO 3 (PZ), 0.98PbZrO 3-0.02BiFeO 3 (0.98PZ- 0.02BF) and 0.96PbZrO3-0.04BiFeO 3 (0.96PZ-0.04BF) were synthesized by means of Molten Salt Synthesis (MSS) route. The crystalline structure and morphology were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The frequencies of the Raman lines were analyzed and discussed in terms of the sequence of structural phase transitions. The measurements revealed the existence of new intermediate phase below TC and an additional anomaly at T2 most likely connected with magnetic transition coming from BF contribution. The incorporation of multiferroic BiFeO 3 (BF) into the structure of aniferroelectric PbZrO 3 (PZ) suggests that (1-x)PZ-xBF solid solution forms a multiferroic system even for low BF content. The Raman measurements were supplemented by dielectric and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. Excellent agreement for transition temperatures obtained by means of these three techniques suggests that BF is uniformly distributed in the material without introducing any mechanical stress.

65

References [1] A.K. Tagantsev et al., The origin of antiferroelectricity in PbZrO 3, Nat. Commun. 4, 2229 (2013) [2] I. Jankowska-Sumara, M. Podgórna, A. Majchrowski, J. Żukrowski, Thermal analysis of phase transitions in PbZr 1-xSn xO3 antiferroelectric single crystals , Journal of Thermal Analysis 128 , 2, 713-719 (2016) [3] R. Gerson, P. Chou, and W. J. James, Ferroelectric Properties of PbZrO 3– BiFeO 3 Solid Solutions, Journal of Applied Physics 38 , 55 (1967)

66

Impact of external factors on electromagnetic properties of metamaterial absorbers in THz region

Minh Nguyet NGUYEN 1, The Linh PHAM 1, Van Huynh TRAN 1, Hong Luu DANG 1, Dac Tuyen LE 2, Dinh Lam VU 1, *

1Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam 2Department of Physics, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, 18 Pho Vien, Hanoi,Vietnam *Email: [email protected]

This year, the first theoretical elaboration of negative refractive index materials by Veselago reaches its 50-year milestone [1]. Since then, metamaterials have become one of the most sought-after research topics, continue to attract more interests. With unique responses when interacting with electromagnetic waves, metamaterials are promising for innovative technologies unattainable by ordinary natural materials. Through clever designs of the metamolecules, metamaterials could exhibit an unprecedented wide range of properties, such as negative refraction, perfect absorption and many more. Metamaterial absorber (MA) is one type of metamaterials which can achieve perfect absorption of electromagnetic waves [2]. It can be implemented for detection, sensing and imaging, with applications ranging from military field to health care and communication. On the other aspect, in regard to the operating frequency region of metamaterials, the Terahertz territory is accumulating attraction with applications covering from security screening, medical imaging to wireless communications, and others [3,4]. [2]-3]. Unfortunately, the unique electromagnetic resonance of these materials often occurs at a narrow frequency band and also is dependent on the polarization of the incident wave. The conventional MA structure with fixed geometrical parameters can only operate at a determined frequency, which impedes on its applications. To solve this hindrance, reconfigurable materials have been integrated into metamaterial structures to gain tunability. Hence, electromagnetic responses of MA structures can be modified by means of external stimulation [5]. For the first tunable MA, the study exploits vanadium dioxide (VO 2) as shown in Figure 1(a). The conductivity of VO 2 can be tuned by the optical pumping power incident [6]. Figure 1(b) presents the dependence of the absorption spectra on the conductivity of VO 2. When the conductivity of VO 2 increases, the absorption peak experiences a blue-shift. For the second tunable MA, indium antimonide (InSb) was implemented into the split-ring structure as shown in Figure 2(a). InSb is a narrow gap semiconductor material, thus it is responsive to temperature [7]. By tuning the conductivity of InSb through temperature, we are able to manipulate absorption peak of MA as presented in Figure 2(b).

67

Figure 1. (a) Ring structure with VO 2: r 1 = 12 , r 2 = 10 , , r 3 = 4 , t = t s = 2 , a = 50 . (b) Absorption spectra of the ring structure with different conductivity of VO 2.

Figure 2. (a) Ring structure with InSb: r 1 = 12 , r 2 = 10 , c = 1 . (b) Absorption spectra of the integrated ring structure with different temperatures ranging from 260K to 360K.

68

Finally, Figure 3(a) illustrates a tunable MA based on graphene, which is a single carbon layer arranged in a honeycomb lattice with several intriguing features such as high carrier mobility at room temperature with low loss and thermal stability [8] . By controlling the Fermi energy of graphene, the absorption peak of the MA can be modified as shown in Figure 3(b).

Figure 3. (a) Disk structure with graphene: r 1 = 12 . (b) Absorption spectra of the integrated disk structure with different Fermi energies .

Acknowledgement This research is funded by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under grant number 103.02-2017.67

References [1] V. G. Veselago, Sov. Phys. Uspekhi , 10 , 509 (1968) [2] N. I. Landy, S. Sajuyigbe, J. J. Mock, D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 , 207402 (2008) [3] H. Tanoto, L. Ding, J. H. Teng, Int. J. Terahertz Sci. Technol. 6, 1–25 (2013) [4] C. M. Watts, X. Liu, and W. J. Padilla, Adv. Opt. Mater. 24 , 98 –120 (2012) [5] J. P. Turpin, J. A. Bossard, K. L. Morgan, D. H. Werner and P. L. Werner, Int. J. Antennas Propag. , 2014 , 429837 (2014) [6] S. Wang, L. Kang, and D. H. Werner, Sci. Rep. 8, 189 (2018) [7] A. Keshavarz and A. Zakery, Appl. Phys. A 123 , 797 (2017) [8] D. Chen, J. Yang, J. Zhang, J. Huang, and Z. Zhang, Sci. Rep. 7, 15836 (2017)

69

Synthesis and magnetic property of Sr 2MFeAsO 3 (M=V, Cr)

Thi Thu Ha NGUYEN 1,* , Z. BUKOWSKI 2, V.H. TRAN 2 1 Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wroclaw, Pl. Uniwersytecki 1, 50-137 Wrocław Poland 2Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Science, Okólna 2, 50-422 Wrocław, Poland *Email: [email protected]

In this work, we report on the synthesis and properties of two isostructural oxyarsenides Sr 2VFeAsO 3 and Sr 2CrFeAsO 3. Sr 2VFeAsO 3 attract interest because of high superconducting critical temperature (T c=37.2 K) [1] coexisting with magnetic ordering of V sublattice [2]. Sr 2CrFeAsO 3 is not superconducting [3] and show a long- range magnetic ordering [4]. The polycrystalline samples with varied oxygen constent were synthesized by solid state reaction method. The phase purity and crystal structure were studied using powder X-ray diffraction. Magnetization measurements were used to characterize superconducting and magnetic properties. The samples synthesized from stoichiometric Sr 2VFeAsO 3 composition always contained Sr 2VO 4 as an impurity. The purity of samples is substantially improved when samples are prepared starting from nominal oxygen deficient composition Sr 2VFeAsO 3-δ(0< δ<0.6). The effects of oxygen deficient magnetic properties and superconductivity of

Sr 2VFeAsO 3−δ will be reported.

References [1] X. Zhu, F. Han, G. Mu, P. Cheng, B. Shen, B. Zeng, H. Wen, Phys. Rev. B 79 , 220512 (2009). [2] S. Tatematsu, E. Satomi, Y. Kobayashi, M. Sato, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn 79 , 123712 (2010). [3] H. Ogino, Y. Katsura, S. Horii, K. Kishio, J. Shimoyama, Supercond. Sci. Technol. 22, 085001(2009) [4] M. Tegel, F. Hummel, Y. Su, T. Chatterji, M. Brunelli, D. Johrendt, Europhys. Lett. 89 , 37006 (2010)

70

Assessment of impacts to biodiversity forest in Dong Chau forest - Nuoc Trong stream, Kim Thuy commune, Le Thuy district, Quang Binh province

VU H. A *, PHUONG L. T. T. Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Quang Binh University, 312 Ly Thuong Kiet Str, Dong Hoi, Quang Binh, Vietnam *Email: [email protected]

Dong Chau forest - Nuoc Trong stream is located in Le Thuy district, Quang Binh province, in the Southwest, joining with Laos - Vietnam border and Nature Reservs North Huong Hoa (Quang Tri province) [1-3]. Investigations results of the flora in the area of Nuoc Trong stream has 987 species [2]. However, negative impacts on forests, such as illegal logging and trapping of wildlife, are still occurring that seriously affect the biodiversity and conservation value of one of the few areas of high Forest cover accounts for 99% of the total area.in scientific researchs and conservation of biodiversity resources in geographical researchs.

References [1] Quang Binh Provincial FPD, 2014). Final Report on Conservation. [2] Thanh L.D, 2013. Thesis: Studying characteristics of flora of Khe Nuoc Trong area to propose establishment of Khe Nuoc Trong Nature Reserve in Quang Binh province, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, forestry science and technology of Vietnam. [3] Trung T.V, 1997. Tropical Forest Ecosystems in Vietnam, Science and Technology Publishing House.

71

Khan Academy - a platform supporting the teaching and learning process in Poland

Anna Michniewska Pedagogical University, Podchorazych 2,30-084 Krakow, Poland Email: [email protected]

The development of information and telecommunications technologies that took place at the beginning of the 21st century opened new opportunities in distance learning. Social changes that have taken place at the turn of recent years, in particular the need to acquire knowledge throughout life, justify the need to develop new methods that allow learning regardless of age, place, origin or stage of education. Thanks to the development of technology, people can use e-learning courses or virtual universities in any place on Earth [1] MOOC courses are an excellent solution for remote education - massive, open online courses ("Massive Open Online Courses") that bring together people wanting to acquire knowledge and become a part of the community of like-minded people. According to Gra żyna Penkowska, the foundations of MOOCs are that every person has the right to learn throughout life [2]. Remote teaching systems offer recipients a wide range of education using global information resources, enabling the acquisition of knowledge beyond the framework of teaching and textbook content [3]. The broadly understood openness of e-learning courses and MOOCs meant that the teaching and learning process is no longer only identified with the walls of a school or university [4]. New media are conducive to learning based on interaction and participation, rather than on passive learning [5]. One example of mass courses in which participation takes place via the network is Khan Academy. This platform has a broad base of materials in the form of films, articles and exercises. The author of the publication have analyzed the resources of the Polish platform to quantify the materials that can be used by students and teachers in the teaching and learning process.

References [1] J. Bednarek, E. Lubina, Kształcenie na odległo ść . Podstawy dydaktyki, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA, Warszawa (2008) [2] G. Penkowska, E-learning w dobie MOOC’s [in:] Człowiek-Media-Eduakcja, red. nauk. J. Morbitzer, D. Mora ńska, E. Musiał, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wy ższej Szkoły Biznesu w Dąbrowie Górniczej, D ąbrowa Górnicza (2015) [3] A. Barczak, J. Florek, S. Jakubowski, T. Sydoruk, Zdalna edukacja. Potrzeby, problemy, szanse i zagro żenia, Warszawa (2006) [4] K. Gurba MOOC. Historia i przyszło ść , Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie Wydawnictwo naukowe Kraków (2015) [5] E. Musiał, Szkoła w cyfrowym świecie – w stron ę idei partnerstwa edukacja [in:] Człowiek-Media-Eduakcja, J. Morbitzer, D. Mora ńska, E. Musiał, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wy ższej Szkoły Biznesu w Dąbrowie Górniczej, D ąbrowa Górnicza (2015)

72

(1 blank line)

Session 5

O-23 PHAM Van Phuc Fabrication of the MA/FA/Cs triple cation perovskite solar cells using one-step and two-step approaches

O-24 MAI Thi Ly DFT study of electronic structure properties of SrAFe 4As 4 (A = Rb and Cs) superconductors

O-25 TRAN Van Hau Functional integral method in quantum field theory of Dirac fermions in graphene

O-26 NGUYEN Viet Dung Effects of filler surface on molecular mobility and resulting deformation and fracture behaviour of thermoplastic polymer composites

O-27 TRUONG Van Canh Provincial spatial distribution of Gini coefficient in Vietnam

O-28 Malwina KOSTRZEWSKA-OBERTANIEC Trust of Youth to the local government

73

74

Fabrication of the MA/FA/Cs triple cation perovskite solar cells using one-step and two-step approaches

Phuc V. PHAM 1, Lien T.D. THACH 2, Chi H. LE 2* 1University of Engineering and Technology of Hanoi, E3 Building, 144 Xuan Thuy Street, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam 2Institute of Materials Science, Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Viet Nam *Email: [email protected]

In the last few years, organometallic halide perovskites have been received great attention as promising photovoltaic materials due to their unique structure and physical-chemical properties such as large optical absorption coe fficient, high charge carrier mobility, tunable band gap and easy processability at low temperature. Herein we studied a one-step and two-step solution approaches for the MA/FA/Cs triple cation layers. The crystalline structure, morphology, coverage, pore-filling and characterization of the deposited mixed-cation perovskite layers were investigated. We found that the enhanced photovoltaic performance of the two-step processed MA/FA/Cs triple cation perovskite solar cell was attributed to the reduced recombination traps due to the better crystalline quality and larger grain size.

75

DFT study of electronic structure properties of SrAFe 4As 4 (A = Rb and Cs) superconductors

Thi Ly MAI * and Vinh Hung TRAN Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 1410, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland *Email: [email protected]

Superconductivity in SrAFe 4As 4 (A = Rb and Cs) with Tc = 35 - 37 K has recently been reported [1]. The materials have a tetragonal structure with space group P4/mmm. The structure is built of atomic layers; those of the Sr and A atoms are inserted alternatively between the Fe 2As 2 layers along the c-axis. With the aim of better understanding the relationship between the electronic structure of SrAFe 4As 4 (A = Cs and Rb) and their superconducting properties, we have performed theoretical investigation based on DFT methods. The calculations have been made with the full- potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) approach as implemented in ELK code [2]. We have used the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) of Perdew - Burke - Ernzerhoft [3]. Based on calculated spin-up and spin-down DOS data we conclude that there is no spin polarization effect and the DOS may be characterized by four peak-structured regions centering around -4.50, -2.70, -0.37 and 1.10 eV. The farthest region below Fermi energy EF is due to valence band of As 4 p orbitals, the second region is contributed by a mixture of Fe 3 d and As 4 p orbitals, and the last two regions are due mainly to the Fe 3 d orbitals. It is worthwhile to point out that the peak located at -0.37 eV resembles Van Hove singularity, suggestive of electronic instabilities in the investigated superconductors. The total DOS for both 2 spin directions at EF is 9.6 states/(eV f.u.), corresponding to 22.6 mJ/(mol.K ). The high-Tc superconductivity of SrAFe 4As 4 can be ascribed to electronic bands crossing EF. We observe that these bands appear only along high symmetry lines lying in planes perpendicular to the Z-G direction. The Fermi surface formed by these bands evidence that that the FS of SrAFe 4As 4 have six hole-type cylindrical 2D-like sheets around the Z-G line and four electron-type located at the corners of the Brillouin zone. It is worthwhile to point out that the hole-type FS sheets of Rb-based superconductor are reminiscent of shape of nodal d-wave gap superconductors. The electron localization function iso-surfaces exhibit different electron distribution around atoms involved. Relatively high ELF values around Rb (Cs), Sr and As suggest strong covalent bonding whereas low ELF values around Fe atoms definitively point to intermetallic character. We will present DFT prediction 57 Fe Mossbauer Isomer Shifts and Quadrupole Splittings in SrAFe 4As 4 and compare their EBS with those of SrFe 2As 2.

Acknowledgments The work was supported by the National Science Centre (Poland) under the Grant No.2016/21/B/ST3/01366.

76

References [1] A. Iyo et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 138, 3410 (2016). [2] Dewhurst, J. K. et al. Elk FP-LAPW code, version 4.3.6, http://elk.sourceforge.net , Date of access: 20/4/2017 (2017). [3] John P. Perdew, Kieron Burke and Matthias Ernzerhof, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 1396 (1997).

77

Functional integral method in quantum field theory of Dirac fermions in graphene

TRAN Van Hau 1,2,* , Nguyen Van Hieu 1,2 1Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam 2VNU-University of Engineering and Technology, 144 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam *Email: [email protected]

The purpose of present work is to elaborate the functional integral method in quantum field theory of Dirac fermions in the Dirac fermion gas of a graphene single layer at vanishing absolute temperature. The starting point to be assumed as the fundamental principle of the theory is the explicit expression of the action functional of this system. The efficient mathematical tool to be used in the study is the generating functional containing the Grassmann parameters anticommuting with the Dirac fermion field operators. The analytical expression of the generating functional of free Dirac fermion system is exactly derived and efficiently used in the study of 2n-point Green functions of free Dirac fermions. Then the celebrated Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation is applied to rewrite the functional integral of the interacting system of Dirac fermions in a new form expressing in terms of a scalar Hermitian quantum field describing the collective excitations in the interacting Dirac fermion gas and related to the graphene plasmons Keywords: functional integral, Dirac fermions, collective excitations, generating functional, Green functions

78

Effects of filler surface on molecular mobility and resulting deformation and fracture behaviour of thermoplastic polymer composites

Viet Dung NGUYEN 1,2,3,* , Ke The NGO 1 and Jiri KOTEK 3 1Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam 2Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam 3Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic *Email: [email protected]

Modification of thermoplastic polymers via addition of rigid particulate fillers has a long history, and it further continues to play a significant role. The reason is the possibility to tailor end-use properties in very wide intervals, thus expanding their applications. The fillers affect physical and mechanical behavior of matrix polymer in many ways. In this study, the isotactic polypropylene, a semicrystalline polymer, was used as a matrix for composites containing 20% and 40% (by weight) of glass beads filler. Selected surface treatment was applied to obtain different adhesion between particles and polymer matrix. In addition to non-treated filler, filler treated with i) a release agent (labelled as NO adhesion) and ii) an adhesion promoter (labelled as GOOD adhesion) were incorporated into the matrix. The morphology, tensile mechanical and fracture behaviour ( J-integral) were investigated. Morphology observation revealed a poor interfacial adhesion in the case of non-treated and “NO adhesion” samples represented with debonding of particles. In contrast, strong particle-matrix interactions were confirmed in “GOOD adhesion” samples. The presence of rigid filler particles increased the stiffness, while strain at break was decreased with the lowest value for the composites with strong interfacial adhesion. On the other hand, the higher rigidity and lower deformability decreased in fracture toughness, Figure 1. Solid state 1H and 13 C NMR experiments were also applied to recognize the changes in molecular mobility in these composites. The most mobile polymer segments were found in parent PP, while the most rigid polymer segments were found in the composite with “GOOD adhesion” as is reflected by the broadest 1H MAS NMR line in Figure 2.

79

Figure. 1. Fracture toughness of PP/glass beads composites.

Figure. 2. 1H MAS NMR spectra of PP/glass beads composites Recorded at 350 K and MAS 6 kHz.

Acknowledgement This work was supported by the Czech Academy of Sciences, UNESCO and IUPAC named "UNESCO/IUPAC Postgraduate Course in Polymer Science".

80

Provincial spatial distribution of Gini coefficient in Vietnam

Van Canh TRUONG Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw, Krakowskie Przedmie ście 30, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland Email: [email protected]

The Gini index or Gini coefficient is a statistical measure of distribution developed by the Italian statistician Corrado Gini in 1912. It is often used as a gauge of economic inequality, measuring income distribution or, less commonly, wealth distribution among a population [1]. The coefficient ranges from 0 to 1, with 0 representing perfect equality and 1 representing perfect inequality. Recently, in Vietnam, data for Gini coefficient is conducted by General Statistics Office of Viet Nam every year for whole country, regions, rural and urban area. Yet we are still lacking the data for Gini coefficient at provincial level which can help us have an overall view about provincial income inequality. The article presents a method for measuring Gini coefficient at provincial level by data for 5 income quintiles of population of provinces from the results of Vietnam household living standards survey and illustrates provincial Gini coefficient on map to comprehend spatial distribution of income inequality in Vietnam. The Gini coefficient is calculated by subtracting the sum of the two cumulative percentages of the average person spending one person per month for two successive men (average spending per person per month (January price of the year to be calculated and the same price level) in incremental order) and their cumulative percentages [1]. The Gini (G) coefficient is calculated by the following formula:

= 1 − ( − )( + ) where Fi is the cumulated proportion of the population variable and Y i is the cumulated proportion of the income variable [1]. For example we have data for 5 income quintiles of Cao Bang, one of the provinces in the north of Vietnam, in 2014. Five income quintiles are formed by arranging per capita income in ascending order and dividing each group into 20% of the population. We will have a table to calculate Cao Bang’s Gini [3, 4] as below: Income per Percentage Percentage Income F - (F -F ) capita per of of F Y i Y +Y i i-1 quintile i i F i i-1 (Y +Y ) month population income i-1 i i-1

1 351 0.2 0.056168987 0.2 0.056169 0.2 0.056169 0.011234

2 534 0.2 0.085453673 0.4 0.141623 0.2 0.197792 0.039558

3 778 0.2 0.12449992 0.6 0.266123 0.2 0.407745 0.081549

4 1384 0.2 0.221475436 0.8 0.487598 0.2 0.753721 0.150744

5 3202 0.2 0.512401984 1 1 0.2 1.487598 0.29752

SUM 124980 1 1 0.580605

81

Applying data to the formula of Gini, we can calculate the Gini coefficient of Cao Bang in 2014 is 0.419395103 (1 - 0.580605). We have calculated Gini coefficient for 63 provinces in Vietnam in 2014 and the results are presented on the map (Fig.1). One of the most essential factors for sustainable development is reducing poverty and income inequality. For Vietnam, that is a real urgent need in the coming period as Vietnam must maintain its growth rate to escape the middle income trap [2]. According to the data of General Statistics Office of Viet Nam in 2014, Gini coefficient in Vietnam was in the moderate level with 0.43. Yet the spatial distribution between provinces was quite different, ranging from 0.304 (Hung Yen) to 0.419 (Cao Bang). As we can see from the map beside, it seems like that income inequality was tending to higher in the north than in the south. Gini index was the highest in the poor and remote provinces in the Northern midlands and mountain areas, following by provinces in Central Highlands and North Central area. In the Red River Delta, Hanoi was like a special case with Gini was 0.395, the highest in this region. In the south, with the highest income per capita per

year due to oil, Ba Ria-Vung Tau had Figure 1: Provincial Gini coefficient high Gini index with 0.403, in the third in Vietnam, 2014 [3, 4]. position after Cao Bang and Lao Cai (both of them are the poorest provinces in Vietnam).

References [1] General Statistics Office of Viet Nam, GINI index, available at: http://portal.thongke.gov.vn/KhodulieuMS/Khainiem.aspx?Mct=9003&N [2] Central Institute for Economic Management (CIEM), Reducing income gap in Vietnam (Vietnamese edition), 2-3 (2012). [3] General Statistics Office of Viet Nam, Statistical Handbook of Vietnam 2016, 711 – 720 (2017). [4] General Statistics Office of Viet Nam, Vietnam household living standards survey 2014, 331 – 344 (2015). (1 blank line)

82

Trust of Youth to the local government

Malwina Kostrzewska-Obertaniec

Institute of Political Science, Pedagogical University, Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland Email: [email protected]

In the modern world, trust is one of the most important values which is more difficult to reach than ever. Trust itself is the knowledge and belief that the person who we trust in, will act accordingly to our wishes. In Poland, we can observe an anxiety which is the result of the changing of local government and new people from the opposition taking seats previously occupied by the preceding governing party. The goal of this analysis is to establish the answer to the question - would young people as the future electorate, and the elite in power in Poland, have trust in the local government and if they continue to support party in charge. The other question is would the representatives of youth draw conclusions from the consequences of the decisions taken by the politics currently seated in local government?

(1

blank line)

83

84

(1 bla

Session 6

O-29 Mirosław KULIK Effects of high temperature annealing on optical properties of ions implanted GaAs near surface layers Depth profile of atoms and optical properties of near surface layers of implanted semiconductors

O-30 Cao Van HIEP Simulate Compton suppression spectrometer in Dalat research reactor by using Monte Carlo method

O-31 KHUONG Viet Hoang Synthesis of ultra-small TiO 2 nanowire/nanorod arrays by hydrothermal method for application to photodetectors

O-32 NGUYEN Hoai Nam Preparation of Fe 3O4 based drug delivery system loading doxycycline

O-33 Michał APOLLO Short-Term Impacts of Livestock Grazing on Vegetation and Track Formation in a High Mountain Environment: A Case Study from the Himalayan Miyar Valley (India)

O-34 Dorota KONIECZNA Asperger’s syndrome as a civilization phenomenon

85

86

Effects of high temperature annealing on optical properties of ions implanted GaAs near surface layers

M. KULIK 1,2 1) Institute of Physics,Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Pl.M.Curie-Skłodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland 2) Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia *Email: [email protected]

The results of the influence of ion implantation and thermal annealing (TA) on the dielectric function < ε(E)> of near surface GaAs layers are presented in the photon range form 1.5 eV to 5 eV here. The surfaces of crystals have been irradiated with Xe + and In + ions. The energy was 100 keV and 250 keV respectively. The ion implantation has been performed at room temperature, and the fluence was 3x10 16 cm -2. The all samples: unimplanted and after implantations as well as thermal annealing were examined by two methods: spectroscopic ellipsomertry (SE) [1] and Rutherford backscattering with nuclear reaction (RBS/NR) [2]. The thicknesses of layers enriched with oxygen atoms (denotes as native oxides layers) were measured with the help of NR O 16 (α ,α) O 16 method [3], and the thicknesses of layers contained indium and xenon atoms were measured also by RBS technique. On the basis of these resutls and (SE) measurements we were assigned dielectric function < ε(E)> investigated layers. The samples, unimplanted and after the implnataion and thermal annealing, were described in these calculation by 2 phase and 3 phase models [1] respectively. It was observed, that for the both groups implanted samples the thickness of the native oxide layers increase. This effect can be attributed to easy oxidations of amorphisation of irradiated surface [4]. It was noticed also that the thickness of implanted layers have been changed after thermal annealing. It can be explain by diffusions effects [5]. It was remarked that before implantation, the spectra of dielectric functions were described by four Gauss-Lorentz oscillator (GL) [6]. The <ε(E)> of implanted and annealed layers can be described by combination of Tauc- Lorentz oscillator (TL) [6] and GL oscillator. It suggests that the structure of implanted layers were disordered and rebuilded after TA. It was noticed, that these processes are different and depend on the type of ions that was implanted GaAs. This effect can be connected with creations of indium alloys in implanted GaAs.

References [1] Fujiwara H, Spectrosopic Ellipsometry. Principles and Applications, Wiley, 2006. [2] Wei-Kan Chu, James W, Mayer, Marc-A. Nicolet, Backscatterig Spectrometry, Akademic Press, New Jork San Francisko London 1978.

87

[3] Li J, Matienzo L.J, Revesz P, Vizkelethy Gy, Wang S. Q, Kaufman J.J. and Mayer J.W, Nuclear Instr. and Methods in Physics Reserch B 1990;46:287. [4] Kulik M, Komarov F.F. and Maczka D, Vacuum 2001;63:755. [5] Kulik M, Kobzev A.P, Jaworska D, Zuk J, Filiks J, Vacuum 2007;81:1124. [6] Woolam J.A, Guide to Using WVASE 32, Software for Vase and M44 Ellipsometers, 1991.

88

Depth profile of atoms and optical properties of near surface layers of implanted semiconductors

M. Kulik 1,2,* , H. M. Przewłocki 3, T.V. Phuc 1,4 , A.P. Kobzev 1 and A. Drozdziel 2 1 Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie str. 6, Dubna, Moscow reg., 141980 Russia 2Institute of Physics Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Lublin, Sq. Marii Curie Skłodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland 3 Institute of Electron Technology, Av. Lotników, 32/46, 02-668 Warszawa, Poland 4Institute of Physics, 10 Dao Tan, Ba Dinh, HaNoi, Vietnam. *Email: [email protected]

The influence of ion irradiation on change of depth profiles distribution of atoms in the near-surface layers of semiconductors were studied using the Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) method [1]. The atoms on the implanted surface of samples in contact with air atoms and form native oxide layers [2]. The thicknesses of these layers were determined on the basis of measurements carried out using the RBS and nuclear reaction analyze (NRA) [3]. The description of the model used in typical study and approximation errors were presented on the basis of the investigation of the near surface layers the implanted GaAs with Xe + and In + ions. The optical properties of the near surface layers, ions irradiated semiconductors are very often examined by the Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE) [4]. This method is non-destructive and very sensitive and precise. The ellipsometric measurements make it possible to determine directly the formation of an amorphous layer in the near surface of irradiated semiconductors. Changes in the dielectric function spectra near the critical point (CP) [5], the implanted layer depending on the dose of implantation are presented for example Si and GaAs. Changes in the shape and intensity of the dielectric spectra were observed in the spectra near the critical point (CP). These effects can be explained by the accumulation of radiation damage and the increase in amorphization.

References [1] Wei-Kan Chu, J. W. Mayer, M. A. Nicolet, “Backscattering Spectrometry” Academic Press, New York San Francisco, London, 1978. [2] M. Kulik, J. Żuk, Optical studies of Ga(1-x)AlxAs layers formatted by Al+ implantation of GaAs, Lithuanian Journal of Physics 43 (2003) 65. [3] J.R. Cameron, Elastic scattering of alfa-particles by oxygen, Phys. Rev. 90 (1953) 839. [4] H. Fujiwara, Spectroscopic ellipsometry: principles and applications, Maruzen Co. Ltd. Tokyo, Japan, 2003. [5] P. Lautenschlager, M. Garriga, S. Logothetidis, and M. Cardona, Interband critical points of GaAs and their temperature dependence, Phys. Rev. B 35, (1987) 9174

89

Simulate Compton suppression spectrometer in Dalat research reactor by using Monte Carlo method

a,* a b b c C.V. Hiep , P.D. Khang , N.X. Hai , N.N. Anh , D.T. Hung a Ha Noi University of Science and Technology, 1 Dai Co Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam b Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, 01 Nguyen Tu Luc, Dalat, Vietnam cMilitary Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (MICEE), DCT08, An Phu, Hoai Đuc, Hanoi, Vietnam *Email: [email protected]

The use of Compton suppression spectrometers provides very important diagnostic tools in nuclear analysis. In this study, the Monte Carlo N-Particle eXtended (MCNPX) simulation was used to evaluate performance of Compton Suppression Spectrometer in two modes: with and without Compton suppression. The detector system consists of an n-type HPGe primary detector and Bismuth Germanate (BGO) guard detector arranged in coaxial geometry. The method was verified by experiments using 60 Co and 152 Eu source. The simulation results agreed closely with the experimental results. All simulated values of Compton Suppression Factor (CSF) agree within 12% with the values obtained from the simulation.

90

Synthesis of ultra-small TiO 2 nanowire/nanorod arrays by hydrothermal method for application to photodetectors

Hoang V. Khuong 1,2,* , Thanh T. Nguyen 1, Oanh T.T. Nguyen 1,* , Nghia V. Nguyen 3, Long D. Pham 1 and Chung V. Hoang 1,*

1Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet street, Hanoi, Vietnam 2Vietnam National University, University of Engineering and Technology, 144 Xuan Thuy street, Hanoi, Vietnam 3Hanoi Achitectural University, Km10, Nguyen Trai street, Thanh Xuan district, Hanoi, Vietnam E-mail: [email protected] , [email protected]

Nano titania (TiO 2) is an excellent material for solar-energy harvesting, environmental remediation and green chemistry. Among different architectures of the titania, one-dimensional TiO 2 nanostructures are of special interest as they can be prepared with excellent crystallinity and have showed their promise in many important applications, in particular, the photon to electron conversion devices. In this work, we show how to grow ultra-small TiO 2nanowire/nanorod arrays on the transparent conducting glass (FTO) by the hydrothermal method. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) were used to determine the morphology and crystalline structures of the prepared-TiO 2 nanowire/nanorod arrays. This work provides valuable possibilities for optimizing the expanded using of ultra- small TiO 2 nanowire/nanorod arrays to make photodetectors.

91

Preparation of Fe 3O4 based drug delivery system loading doxycycline

Hoai Nam NGUYEN *, Ke Son PHAN, Thi Tuyet Thuy VU, Phuong Thu HA, Kim Ngan NGUYEN

Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials, Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam *Email: [email protected]

Infectious diseases and antibiotic resistance issues are very big problems emerged recently in aquaculture and negatively impact to public health. The reason is lack of effectiveness in using antibiotics against the mentioned issues resulting in high residue of antibiotics in exposed animal and human body. Drug delivery nanosystems have been proved as great potential approach inducing high efficacy in treatment of many types of diseases thanks to excellent ability in delivery and distribution of drug to the targeted sites. In this work, Fe 3O4 based drug delivery nanosystem loading doxycycline was prepared by multi-step procedure. Morphology, size, molecular structure and zeta potential were determined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) method. The results showed that obtained system has spherical shape and mean size of 80 nm. The stability of system in aqueous dispersion was considered quite good with the zeta potential being -27.6 mV

92

Short-Term Impacts of Livestock Grazing on Vegetation and Track Formation in a High Mountain Environment: A Case Study from the Himalayan Miyar Valley (India)

Michal APOLLO 1,* , Viacheslav ANDREYCHOUK 2, Suman S. BHATTARAI 3 1 Department of Tourism and Regional Studies, Institute of Geography, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Cracow, Poland 2 Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw, Krakowskie Przedmiescie 30, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland 3 Department of Biology, Tri-Chandra M. Campus, Tribhuvan University, Ghantaghar 2323, 44600 Kathmandu, Nepal *Email: [email protected]

Animals’ activities are a significant geomorphologic factor. An important reliefogenic role is played by animals introduced by man; that is, livestock. The activity of livestock on the earth’s surface can be direct (horizontal displacement of the soil), or indirect (preparation of ground for degradation). In this research the areas that livestock tread most often were put under examination, that is, places used for resting (e.g., during the night) and paths used for moving (e.g., while passing to and from grazing spots). The experimental research areas were divided into two groups. During the two-week study period it was noted that (1) the number of plants and their stems had declined by 9.5% and 19% respectively, and the paths had widened by 6%; (2) the soil level had decreased, uncovering the measurement pins by 3.5 mm up to 24 mm, depending on the slope of the ground, while in the comparison (control) areas the pins were uncovered only up to an average 1.8 mm. The results of the research show the scale of the phenomenon of zoogenic erosion caused by livestock. Based on the research the following formula has been elaborated × × . This provided the opportunity to calculate the y = (−0.005 + 0.0526) × . average (hypothetical) data for soil loss (y), according to the slope degree (x), the number of animals (N), the time that those animals spend in the area (T), and the static pressure they caused on the ground (SP). The paper makes recommendations that could lead to a reduction in soil erosion caused by livestock.

93

Asperger’s syndrome as a civilization phenomenon

Dorota KONIECZNA Speech Therapy and Developmental Disorders Department, Institute of Polish Philology, Faculty of Philology, Pedagogical University, Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland Email: [email protected]

The speech will present Asperger’s syndrome as a global, quickly growing problem, among others connected with civilisation development. Main symptoms and causes like genetics, eviromental contamination, lower food quality and changes in breeding will be mentioned. The speech will also introduce authorial research results which connect language deficits observed among people with Asperger’s syndrome with disturbed precesses of relational and analogical reasoning. Theoretical issues will be replenished with examples of everyday difficulties of children and adults with Aspeger’s syndrome caused by a different perception of ambient reality. The term Asperger’s syndrome has been introduced in 1981 by Lorna Wing, who suggested to call this way a group of symptoms described by Hans Asperger in 1944. The estimation of Asperger’s syndrome as a unit of nosology has been changing through the decades. From the very restrict point of view comparing Asperger’s syndrome to serious mental disorders like psychopathy, to the opinion it’s just a different cognitive style connected with a variant perception. The author’s outlook on the problem is something between those opposite ideas. Basing on the research and a collection of interviews with adults with Asperger’s syndrome there are no doubts that the syndrome is deservedly called a disorder. On the other hand we cannot treat Asperger’s syndrome as a disease which is expected to be cured. The author sees the role of a therapist in giving the neurologically abnormal people a tool to understand neurotypical people and efficiently act in a present reality. One of the most important tools to achieve that is language and communication. Especially some aspects of the language functioning need to be noted: 1. Nonverbal communication, 2. Prosody, 3. Semantics, 4.Syntax, 5. Pragmatics, 6. Stylistics.

1 blank line)

94

Session 7

O-35 DINH Chi Linh Na-doped La 0.7 Ca 0.3 MnO 3 compounds exhibiting a large magnetocaloric effect near room temperature

O-36 NGUYEN Hong Nhung Preparation of cobalt nanoparticles and effects of rhizome pre- treatment by cobalt on grow and yield of tumeric (curcuma longa l.)

O-37 DAO Chi Tue Characterization of Pt/Ir diffusion bond-coating for gas turbine

95

96

Na-doped La 0.7 Ca 0.3 MnO 3 compounds exhibiting a large magnetocaloric effect near room temperature

Chi Linh Dinh 1,2,* , Th ị Dung Nguyen 1,2,3 , Van Dang Nguyen 3, 4 1 Viet Bau Le , Dang Thanh Tran 1Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam 2Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam 3 Thai Nguyen University of Science, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam 4 Hong Duc University, Thanh Hoa, Vietnam Email: [email protected]

In the last two decades, since the giant magnetocaloric effect (MCE) near room-temperature (RT) in Gd 5Ge 2Si 2 alloy was discovered [1], the RT MCE has become one of the most attractive fields for both basic and applied researches. Among these, the MCE in perovskite manganites (so-called manganites) has been also widely investigated that can be referenced in a large number of publications. It is shown that some manganites exhibit the giant MCE comparable with Gd 5Ge 2Si 2 alloy. For example, a maximum magnetic entropy change (| ∆Smax |) about 7.8 J/kgK corresponding to the relative cooling power (RCP) about 124 J/kg was observed in La 0.7 Ca 0.3 MnO 3 (LCMO) compound at 20 kOe [2]. Nevertheless, this compound has a Curie temperature ( TC) only 260 K, which is too low for RT applications. According to Dagotto et al. [3], TC value of LCMO compound can be controlled by doping suitable elements into La/Ca-site (so-called A-site in the ABO 3 perovskite structure), which is related to a disorder caused by a size mismatch at A-site. It is also shown that TC of LCMO compound significantly increases by doping the monovalent metals [4–8]. In an attempt to further understand the influence of Na substituted into A-site of LCMO system, we prepared three ceramic samples of La 0.7-xNa xCa 0.3 MnO 3 with x = 0, 0.05, and 0.1 and investigated their magnetic property and MCE. Using the theoretical approaching method [9] performed on temperature dependences of magnetization data measured at different applied fields, we could predict the MCE of La 0.7-xNa xCa 0.3 MnO 3 compounds via their characteristic parameters, such as ∆Sm, RCP, and the adiabatic temperature change ∆T as listed in Table 1. Our results pointed out that a partial replacement of La 3+ by Na + in LCMO compound modifies the nature of the phase transition from the first to the second order. Together with increasing TC value towards RT, the magnetic phase transition region has been also significantly extended. Therefore, their RCP value increases from 57.12 to 75.88 J/kg, making La 0.7- xNa xCa 0.3 MnO 3 compounds to become more useful for RT magnetic cooling applications.

97

Table 1. Some fundamental parameters of the MCE of La 0.7−x Na xCa 0.3 MnO 3 compounds under a representative applied magnetic field of 12 kOe.

Sample x = 0 x = 0.05 x = 1 TC 259.19 287.04 298.52 |∆Sm| (J/kgK) 5.19 1.91 1.47 RCP (J/kg) 57.12 73.45 75.88 ∆Tmax (K) 2.5 1.0 0.8

Acknowledgement This research is supported by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under grant No. 103.02-2015.06. Some experiments were performed at the facilities of the State Key Laboratory, Institute of Materials Science, VAST, Vietnam. . References [1] V.K. Pecharsky, K.A. Gschneidner Jr., J. Magn. Magn. Mater . 200 , 44 (1999). [2] T.-L. Phan et al., J. Alloy. Compd . 657 , 818 (2016). [3] E. Dagotto, T. Hotta, A. Moreo, Phys. Rep. 344, 1-153 (2001). [4] M. Bejar et al, J. Alloy. Compd . 442 , 136 (2007). [5] M. Koubaa at al., Phys. Procedia 2 997 (2009). [6] P.K. Siwach at al., J. Appl. Phys . 101, 073912 (2007). [7] T.D. Thanh at al, IEEE Trans. Magn . 52, 2501004 (2016). [8] T.A. Ho et al., J. Alloy. Compd . 676, 305 (2016). [9] M.A. Hamad, J. Supercond. Nov. Magn . 27 , 269 (2014).

98

Preparation of cobalt nanoparticles and effects of rhizome pre-treatment by cobalt on grow and yield of tumeric (curcuma longa l.)

Hong Nhung NGUYEN *, Thi Huong TRAN, Anh Son HOANG, Que Chi TRAN, Hong Son VU, Quoc Trung NGUYEN Laboratory of Chemistry and Catalytic materials, Institute of Materials science, Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam *Email: [email protected]

Cobalt nanoparticles were prepared by reduction method at medium temperature using hydrogen as reducing agent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of the freshly prepared nanopowders indicated that they were in metal single phase with particle size ranged from 50 - 80 nm. Tumeric is a small perennial herb which is broadly cultivated in Vietnam. It is commonly used as condiment, dye, drug and cosmetic. The extra low concentration solutions (0.3 and 0.6 mg/L) of cobalt nanoparticles were used to treat tumeric rhizomes before planting. The results showed that rhizomes treated with cobalt solution (0.6 mg/L ) produced significant higher clump weight (1002 g) and projected yield (33.34 t/ha) as compared to control 752g and 25 t/ha respectively. In addition, the total curcumine percentage of cobalt treated sample was 7.92, the value is slightly increased in comparison with that of control sample.

99

Characterization of Pt/Ir diffusion bond-coating for gas turbine

Dao Chi TUE 1,2,* , Le Thi Hong LIEN 1, Hideyuki MURAKAMI 2 1 Center of Materials and Failure Analysis, Institute of Materials science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam 2Surface and Interface Kinetics Group, Research Center for Structural Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba-Science-City, 305-0047, Japan *Email: [email protected]

Ni-base single crystal superalloy with good high temperature strength and creep resistance, is used in the hot section of gas turbine such as turbine blades. To protect Ni-base alloy against high temperature oxidation and corrosion, thermal barrier coating (TBC) systems were developed [1-2]. Recently, Pt diffusion coatings have been developed as bond-coats of thermal barrier coating (TBC) systems since they have good oxidation resistance and ability to protect TBC from spallation [3-4]. To further improve protective performances and reduce cost, Ir has been attracted attention since It has high melting temperature (2716K), excellent chemical stability, lower inter-diffusivity into Ni based alloys and cheaper than Pt. In this study, Pt and Pt-Ir diffusion coating were fabricated on single-crystal superalloy substrates by electroplating and paste-coating methods. The effect of Ir addition and the coating method on microstructure and high temperature oxidation resistance is investigated in this study. The substrate material used in this work is a 4 th generation Ni-based single- crystal superalloy UCSX-8 and its composition is 6.4Co-1.8Cr-3.6Mo-4.1W-5.2Re- 2.1Ru-6.8Al-10.0Ta-Ni (bal.) (wt%). Pure Pt and Pt-xIr (x= 20, 30% in wt%) films with thickness of about 8 µm were fabricated by the electroplating and paste-coating methods. All the specimens were annealed at 1100 oC for 1 hour in flowing Ar. A cyclic oxidation test was carried out at 1150 oC for 1 hour followed by air cooling for 20 minutes per one cycle. Weight change of specimens after each cycle was measured to evaluate the oxidation resistance of the coatings. XRD and SEM/EDS were used for phase constitution identification, microstructural characterization and elemental distribution analysis. XRD phase identification of as-annealed specimens revealed that instead of γ+γ’ structure, γ+α (NiPt 2Al) two-phase structure was formed except for electroplated Pt-specimen. The electroplated Pt-Ir coating showed a number of cracks on the surface, while the paste method can solve such a problem. After cyclic oxidation test, γ+α structure change to γ+γ’ (Fig. 1).

100

(a) (b)

Pt30Ir

Pt30Ir Pt20Ir Intensity Intensity (a.u.) Pt20Ir

Pt Pt

Fig. 1. XRD patterns of (a) the as-annealed samples and (b) the samples after heat treatment.

Ir can retard the formation of voids underneath the coating surface (Fig. 2). The electroplated and Pt20Ir paste specimens show relative good high temperature oxidation resistance with the others researches (Fig. 3). Pt20Ir diffusion coating fabricated by the paste method demonstrated very promising features as the bond-coat for TBC: without cracks, less voids formation and stable protective Al 2O3 on the surface.

(a (b Cu cover

Voids Voids 100 µm 100 µm TGO

(c (d (e

TGO Internal TGO Voids Voids 100 µm 100 µm 100 µm

Fig. 2. Cross-sectional microstructure of coatings after 100 cyclic oxidation test at 1150 oC: (a) Pt electroplated, (b) Pt20Ir electroplated, (c) Pt paste, (d) Pt20Ir paste and (e) Pt30Ir paste.

101

2

Pasted Pt

Pasted Pt20Ir

Pasted Pt30Ir

change, Mass mg/cm

Number of Cycles

Fig. 3. Oxidation kinetic curve of the specimens during cyclic oxidation test at 1150 o C.

References [1] R. Rajendran, Gas turbine coatings – An overview , Engineering Failure Analysis, 26 (2012) 355-369. [2] R. Darolia, Thermal barrier coatings technology: Critical review, progress update, remaining challenges and prospects , International Materials Reviews, 58 (2013) 315-348. [3] J.P. Stacy, Y. Zhang, B.A. Pint, J.A. Haynes, B.T. Hazel, B.A. Nagaraj, Synthesis and oxidation performance of Al-enriched γ + γ′ coatings on Ni-based superalloys via secondary aluminizing , Surface and Coatings Technology, 202 (2007) 632-636. [4] M. Terock, E. Fleischmann, C. Hochmuth, R. Völkl, U. Glatzel, Synthesis and characterization of a Pt–Al–Cr–Ni γ/γ′ -coating on the Ni-based superalloy CMSX ‐4, Surface and Coatings Technology, 236 (2013) 347-352.

e)

102

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

Familyname and Institution e-mail Status Oral Session name Institute of Geography, Pedagogical 1 APOLLO Michal University of Cracow, Podchorazych [email protected] Dr. O-33 S6 2, 30-084 Cracow, Poland Ha Noi University of Science and 2 Cao Van HIEP Technology, 1 Dai Co Viet, Hanoi, [email protected] PhD O-30 S6 Vietnam Institute of Materials Science, 3 Vietnam Academy of Science and Dao Chi TUE [email protected] PhD O-37 S7 Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and 4 DINH Chi Linh [email protected] PhD O-35 S7 Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam Military Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineerimg 5 Dinh Tien HUNG [email protected] PhD O-09 S2 (MICEE), DCT08, Phu Vinh, An Khanh, Hoai Đuc, Hanoi, Vietnam Institute of Materials Science, DOAN Dinh Vietnam Academy of Science and 6 [email protected] Prof. S-O Phuong Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam VNU-University of Engineering and HOANG Huu [email protected] 7 Teachnology, building E3, 144 Student O-10 S2 Thang om XuanThuy, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam 103

Institute of Materials Science, HOANG Thu Vietnam Academy of Science and 8 [email protected] MSc O-03 S1 Trang Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam Institute of Political Science, Pedagogical University of Cracow, 9 INDYK Jarosław [email protected] PhD O-06 S1 Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland Institute of Political Science, JACH-Chrzaszcz Pedagogical University of Cracow, artur.jach- 10 PhD O-16 S3 Artur Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, [email protected] Poland Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and KHUONG Viet 11 Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet [email protected] Student O-31 S6 Hoang Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam KIM-NGAN Nanostructure Laboratory, Institute of N.-T.H. (Nhu- Physics, Pedagogical University of hoakimngan.nhutarnawska@u S-O, 12 Prof. Tarnawska Hoa Cracow, Podchorazych 2, 30-084 p.krakow.pl S7 Kim Ngan) Krakow, Poland Mössbauer Spectroscopy Division, KOMEDERA Institute of Physics, Pedagogical [email protected]. 13 PhD O-02 S1 Kamila University of Cracow, Podchorazych pl 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland Institute of Polish Philology, Faculty KONIECZNA of Philology, Pedagogical University, 14 [email protected] PhD O-34 S6 Dorota Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland 104

Institute of Biology, Pedagogical KORNA Ś 15 University of Cracow, Podchorazych [email protected] Prof. S4 Andrzej 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland Institute of Political Science, KOSTRZEWSKA Pedagogical University of Cracow, 16 -OBERTANIEC [email protected] PhD O-28 S5 Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Malwina Poland Institute of Political Science, KOTKIEWICZ Pedagogical University of Cracow, 17 [email protected] PhD O-12 S2 Maria Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland Nanostructure Laboratory, Institute of KRUPSKA- Physics, Pedagogical University of [email protected] 18 KLIMCZAK PhD O-13 S3 Cracow, Podchorazych 2, 30-084 w.pl Magdalena Krakow, Poland Institute of Physics, Maria Curie- 19 KULIK Mirosław Skłodowska University, Poland 20- [email protected] Dr O-29 S6 031, Lublin Poland Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Le Thi Thu fisheries, Quang Binh University, 20 PHUONG (L.T.T. [email protected] MSc O-11 S2 312 Ly Thuong Kiet str, Dong Hoi, Phuong) Quang Binh, Vietnam Institute of Low Temperature and MAI Thi Ly Structure Research, Polish Academy 21 [email protected] PhD O-24 S5 (T.L. Mai) of Sciences, P. O. Box 1410, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland Slovak University of Agriculture in MASSANYI [email protected], 22 Nitra, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Prof. Peter [email protected] Nitra, Slovak Republic 105

Pedagogical University of Cracow, MICHNIEWSKA [email protected] 23 Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, PhD O-22 S4 Anna m Poland Institute of Biology, Pedagogical 24 MRÓZ Tomasz University of Cracow, Podchorazych [email protected] PhD O-15 S3 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland Journal of Advances in Natural Science, Institute of Materials NGUYEN Bich 25 Science, Vietnam Academy of [email protected] Dr. S-O Ha Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet,Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials, Institute of Materials NGUYEN Hoai Science, Vietnam Academy of 26 [email protected] MSc O-32 S6 Nam Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam Laboratory of Chemistry and Catalytic materials, Institute of NGUYEN Hong Materials Science, Vietnam Academy 27 [email protected] MSc O-36 S7 Nhung of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam Institute of Materials Science, NGUYEN Minh Vietnam Academy of Science and 28 [email protected] BSc O-19 S4 Nguyet Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam NGUYEN Ngoc Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, 01 29 [email protected] PhD O-17 S4 Anh Nguyen Tu Luc, Dalat, Vietnam 106

Centre for Quantum Electronics, NGUYEN Thanh Institute of Physics, Vietnam 30 [email protected] Dr. S1 Binh Academy of Science & Technology, 10 Dao Tan, Hanoi, Vietnam NGUYEN Thi Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, 31 [email protected] BSc O-20 S4 Thu Ha University of Wroclaw, Poland Institute of Materials Science, NGUYEN Van Vietnam Academy of Science and 32 [email protected] Prof. S-O Hieu Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam Hanoi Architectural University, NGUYEN Van 33 Km10 Nguyen Trai Street, Thanh [email protected] Dr. O-10 S2 Nghia Xuan Ward, Hanoi, Vietnam Institute of Materials Science, NGUYEN Viet Vietnam Academy of Science and 34 [email protected] MSc O-26 S5 Dung Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and 35 Pham Hoai Linh [email protected] Dr. O-14 S3 Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and 36 PHAM The Linh [email protected] MSc O-04 S1 Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam University of Engineering and Technology of Hanoi, E3 Building, 37 PHAM Van Phuc [email protected] Student O-23 S5 144 Xuan Thuy Street, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam 107

Institute of Materials Science, PHAN Nguyen Vietnam Academy of Science and 38 [email protected] PhD O-01 S1 Duc Duoc Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam Institute of Physics, Vietnam Academy of Science and 39 Tran Van PHUC [email protected] BSc O-07 S2 Technology, 10 Dao Tan, Ba Dinh, Hanoi, VietNam VNU - University of Engineering and PHUONG Nang 40 Technology. Building E3, 144 [email protected] Student Long Xuanthuy, Caugiay, Hannoi, Vietnam Institute of Phyics, Pedagogical PODGÓRNA 41 University of Cracow, Podchorazych [email protected] PhD O-18 S5 Maria 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland Institute of Phyics, Pedagogical RADWA ŃSKI [email protected] 42 University of Cracow, Podchorazych Prof. S2 Ryszard w.pl 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland Nanostructure Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Pedagogical University of 43 SOWA Sylwia [email protected] PhD O-08 S2 Cracow, Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland Department of Vertebrate Zoology STAWARZ and Human Biology, Pedagogical 44 [email protected] Prof. S-O Robert University of Cracow, Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland Faculty of Physics and Applied TARNAWSKI Computer Science, AGH University S-O, 45 [email protected] Prof. Zbigniew of Science and Technology, 30059 S7 Krakow, Poland 108

Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and 46 TRAN Van Hau [email protected] PhD O-25 S5 Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam Faculty of Geography and Regional TRUONG Van Studies, University of Warsaw, 47 [email protected] PhD O-27 S5 Canh Krakowskie Przedmie ście 30, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Nguyen Thi Thuy fisheries, Quang Binh University, 48 [email protected] BSc VAN 312 Ly Thuong Kiet str, Dong Hoi, Quang Binh, Vietnam Institute of Biology, Pedagogical 49 Vo Van THIEP University of Cracow, Podchorazych [email protected] PhD O-05 S1 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and S-O, 50 VU Dinh Lam [email protected] Prof. Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, S7 Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and fisheries, Quang Binh University, 51 VU Hoang Anh [email protected] MSc O-21 S4 312 Ly Thuong Kiet str, Dong Hoi, Quang Binh, Vietnam Embassy of the Republic of Poland in WUDARSKI 52 Hanoi, 3 Chua Mot Cot, Hanoi, [email protected] S-O Szymon Vietnam

109

110

Hanoi and Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Rd, Cau Giay Distr., Hà N ội, Vietnam.

VAST West Lake Shrimp cake

Vietnam Museum of Ethnology One Pillar Pogoda

Guom Lake Van Mieu

Obama Combo

111

112

Institute of Materials Science (IMS) -VAST , 18 Hoàng Qu ốc Vi ệt, Hanoi (main entrance). Better to walk to IMS via the Entrance at 4 Hoang Quoc Viet (see the dashed lines).

Symposium Benue, A2 building

Main Entrance 18 Hoang Quoc Viet 113

114

Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Rd, Cau Giay Distr., Hanoi. Vietnam Museum of Ethnology (VME) , Nguyen Van Huyen Rd, Cau Giay district, Hanoi.

IMS -A2 building VAST

VME

115

116

Additional Information for the participants of PolVietSym2018

117

118

Cracow Cracow (Kraków ) situated on the Vistula River is the second largest city and one of the oldest cities in Poland. It was as a hamlet on Wawel Hill dated back to the 4th century) and was already being reported as a busy trading centre of Slavonic Europe in 965. It was the capital of Poland from 1038 until King Sigismund III Vasa (1566 –1632) relocated his court to Warsaw in 1596. The name of Kraków is traditionally derive d from Krakus -the legendary founder of Kraków, who built it above a cave occupied by a ravenous dragon (Smok Wawelski). Many knights unsuccessfully attempted to oust the dragon by force, but instead, Krakus fed it a poisoned lamb, which killed the dragon. The dragon's den below the castle and Wawel dragon statue breathing fire at the foot of Wawel Hill on the bank of the Vistula River is now a popular tourist stop. In 1978, UNESCO approved the first ever sites for its new World Heritage List, including the entire Old Town (with the Wawel Royal Castle and the Wawel Hill as part of the Historic Centre of Kraków) cited as one of Europe's most beautiful cities. Wawel Castle (Zamek Królewski na Wawelu ) for centuries was the residence of the kings of Poland and the symbol of Polish statehood. It was built at the behest of King Casimir III the Great (1310-1370) consisted of a number of structures situated around the Italian-styled main courtyard. The castle composed of richly fitted residential buildings, art galleries, churches and defensive towers representing a wide variety of styles. There are extensive collections of armoury, tapestries and military banners, lavishly decorated interiors, royal tombs. Wawel Cathedral (Katedra Wawelska ) is a Roman Catholic church located on Wawel Hill. It was the co ronation site of Polish monarchs and remains Poland's most important national sanctuary. It is also the burial ground of most Polish royalty and the greatest national heroes. The first Gothic cathedral was constructed and destroyed in the 11 th century. The second one constructed in the 12 th century was destroyed by a fire in 1305. The construction of the current cathedral began in the 14 th century. In the centre of the cathedral stands the flamboyant baroque Shrine of St Stanislaus, dedicated to the bishop of Kraków canonised in 1253 and now the patron saint of Poland. The main altar was founded about 1650. Over the main altar stands a tall canopy of black marble supported by four pillars designed between 1626 and 1629. The altar painting of Crucified Christ is from the 17 th century. Among eighteen chapels full of art treasures surround the Wawel Cathedral, a highlight is the Sigismund Chapel with gold-plated dome and the Holy Cross Chapel

119

with the splendid red marble sarcophagus (1492) of King Casimir IV Jagiello (1447– 1492) by Veit Stoss (the Nuremberg sculptor). Hanging in the Sigismund Tower is the Royal Sigismund Bell-the largest historic bell in Poland casted in 1520 (with 2m high, 2.5m wide and weighs 11 tonnes). Its clapper weighs 350kg, and eight strong men are needed to ring the bell, which happens only on the most important church holidays and for significant state events. The Main Market Square (Rynek Główny ) dated back to the 13 th century is one of the largest medieval town squares in Europe. It serves as the city’s gravitational centre. Measuring approximately 200m by 200m, it was laid out when the city received its charter in 1257, with each side repeating a pattern of three, evenly spaced streets set at right angles to the square. The exception is Grodzka Street which is much older and connects the Main Square with the Wawel Castle. The Main Square is surrounded by historic elegant townhouses (all with their own unique names) and churches. The center of the square is dominated by the Cloth Hall ( Sukiennice ) built by King Casimir III the Great, rebuilt in 1555. On one side of the cloth hall is the Town Hall Tower ( Wie ża ratuszowa ), on the other the 10 th century Church of St. Adalbert (built before the charter, one of the oldest stone churches in Poland) and 1898 Adam Mickiewicz Monument (the famous meeting point in Krakow). The Main Square is a place where numerous sport events, festivals and parades are held. In September 2010 under the Main Market Square, the biggest European underground museum was opened. It contains a modern multimedia exhibition entitled 'Following the traces of Krakow's European identity' and a tourist route situated 4m below ground. Saint Mary's Church (Ko ściół Mariacki ) is a brick Gothic church adjacent to the Main Market Square. It is one of the best examples of Polish Gothic architecture. The church was founded in 1221–1222. The building was destroyed during the Mongol invasion of Poland. It was completely rebuilt during the reign of Casimir III the Great between 1355 and 1365. Standing 80m tall, it is particularly famous for its wooden altar of the Dormition of the Mother of God carved by Veit Stoss. It is the largest Gothic altarpiece in the world (about 13m high and 11m wide when the panels of the triptych are completely opened and the realistically sculptured figures are 2.7 m). Three high stained glass win- dows have been preserved from the original medieval sta- ined glass. On every hour, a trumpet signal, called the Hejnał mariacki , is played from the top of the taller of Saint Mary's two towers. The plaintive tune breaks off in mid- stream, to commemorate the famous 13 th century trumpeter, who was shot in the throat while sounding the alarm before the Mongol attack on the city. 120

The Krakow Barbican (Barbakan w Krakowie ) The Barbican was built in Gothic style at the end of the 15 th century to protect Kraków's main entrance. It was connected to the Floria ńska Gate via a drawbridge over the moat that surrounded it. 24.4m in diameter with walls 3m thick this masterpiece of medieval military engineering proved impenetrable and today stands as one of the few remaining relics of the complex network of fortifications and defensive barriers and one of the only surviving structures of its kind in Europe; certainly the most well-preserved. St. Francis' Basilica (Church of St. Francis of Assisi, Ko ściół św. Franciszka z Asy żu)-a Roman Catholic religious complex is located on the west side of All Saints Square. Dating back to the 13 th century, St. Francis' Basilica was the first brick building in the city. It is the Kraków's most colourful church thanks to the gorgeous Art Nouveau interiors, especially with the eight stained-glass windows including the iconic centrepiece ‘God the Father in the Act of Creation’. Adjacent to St. Francis Basilica is Bishop’s Palace where Pope John Paul II lived from 1963 to 1978, when he was elected to be the 263 rd Pope. He was the first non-Italian Pope in over 400 years. The street-side window of the Bishop’s Palace referred to as the ‘Papal Window’, where Pope John Paul II would often sit and speak to the crowds of people below, both as archbishop and later during his visits as Pope. Jagiellonian University (Uniwersytet Jagiello ński ) founded in 1364 by Casimir III the Great is the oldest university in Poland, the second oldest university in Central Europe, and one of the oldest surviving universities in the world. The Studium Generale – as the University was then called – comprised t hree faculties of liberal arts, medicine and law. For several centuries, virtually the entire intellectual elite of Poland were educated at the university. In the beginning of 20 th century, over 4 thousand young men and women attended the University. Today the University provides education to about 50 thousand students from 87 fields of study with about 150 specialties. Notable alumni include, among others, mathematician and astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus, Polish king John III Sobieski, Pope John Paul II, and Nobel laureates Ivo Andri ć and Wisława Szymborska. The university's main library is one of Poland's largest, with almost 6.5 million volumes. It consists of the university's archives, which date back to the university's own foundation and record the entire history of its development up to the present day. 121

It is home to a world-renowned collection of medieval manuscripts, which includes Copernicus' De Revolutionibus. Kazimierz District Kazimierz district (also known as “the Jewish Quarter”) is included as a World Heritage Site on the list of UNESCO, together with Wawel Castle and the Old Town of Krakow. The history of Kazimierz can be traced back to 1335 when it was officially founded on an island outside of Kraków by King Kazimierz the Great. It was not until 1495 when Jews began to be expelled from Kraków that they started to move over the river to Kazimierz. To the early 19 th century, Kazimierz was an independent city located south of Kraków Old Town and separated by a branch of the Vistula river. For many centuries, Kazimierz was the centre of Jewish life in Kraków. Rediscovered in the 1990s, Kazimierz is today Kraków’s most exciting district – a bustling, bohemian neighbourhood packed with historical sites, atmospheric cafes and art galleries. Well-known for its associations with Schindler and Spielberg, traces of Kazimierz’s Jewish history have not only survived, but literally abound in the form of the district’s numerous synagogues and Jewish cemeteries. In fact, no other place in Europe conveys a sense of pre-war Jewish culture on the continent better than Kazimierz. As a result, the district has become a major tourist draw and pilgrimage site for Jews, which has led to the return of contemporary Jewish culture in the area. The Wieliczka Salt Mine (Kopalnia soli Wieliczka ) It locates about 14km southeast of Kraków. Opened in the 13 th century, the mine produced table salt continuously. It is the only site in the world where mining have been continued since the Middle Ages until 2007. Lying on nine levels, its original excavations (longitudinals, traverses, chambers, lakes, as well as lesser and major shafts) stretch for a total of 300km reaching the depth of 327m and illustrate all the stages of the development of mining technology over time. The mine is also notable for its long tradition of tourism. The 3.5km touring route includes historic statues and mythical figures carved out of rock salt, about 22 chambers connected by galleries, from 64m to 135m below ground. The most beautiful and impressive is the Chapel of St. Kinga made entirely of salt from the chandeliers to the altarpieces. The crystals of the chandeliers made from rock salt has been dissolved and reconstituted to achieve a clear, glass-like appearance. Photos: © Hoa Kim Ngan Nhu-Tarnawska

122

Hanoi Hà N ội ( River within/inside ) is the capital of Vietnam and the country's second largest city situated in northern Vietnam on the western bank of the Red River, about 140 km inland from the South China Sea, and 1,760 km north of Ho Chi Minh City. The region around present-day Hanoi was known first as Long Biên (Dragon Edge ). In 866, it was turned into a citadel and named Đại La (Big Net ) with the nickname La Thành . In 1010 King Lý Thái T ổ (974 - 1028) - the first ruler of the Lý Dynasty (1009 - 1225) issued a royal decree (called Edict on the Transfer of the Capital) for moving the imperial capital from Hoa L ư to Đại La. While travelling from Hoa L ư to the imperial settlement, he claimed to have had a vision of “a yellow dragon ascending” which inspired him to change Đại La to Th ăng Long (Ascending Dragon ). In 1831 Minh M ạng (the second Emperor of the Nguy ễn dynasty (1802 - 1945)) renamed the city Hà N ội. Thang Long remained the capital of Vietnam until 1802, when the last Vietnamese dynasty, the Nguyen (1802 - 1945), transferred the capital to Hue (~700km south of Hanoi). During 1902 - 1945 and 1946 - 1954, under French colonialists, Hanoi was chosen to be the capital of all Indochina. During August 1945 and December 1946, Hanoi was proclaimed the capital of Vietnam. During 1954 - 1975 Hanoi became the capital of the North Vietnam. From July 2, 1976 Hanoi was the capital of entire Vietnam. Other names of Hanoi (which are still in use): Đông Đô (Eastern Metropolis) during the H ồ dynasty (1400-1406), Đông Quan (Eastern Gate) during the Ming Chinese occupation (1407-1427), Đông Kinh (Eastern Capital or Tonkin) during the Lê dynasty (1428-1787), unofficial names: Kẻ Ch ợ (marketplace), Tràng An (long peace), Hà Thành (short for Thành ph ố Hà N ội (City of Hanoi)).

Hồ Hoàn Ki ếm (Hoan Kiem Lake ) – Symbol of Hanoi Lake of the Returned/Restored Sword or Hồ G ươ m (Sword Lake ) is one of the major scenic spots in Hanoi and serves as a focal point for its public life. The lake was once a part of the Red river. The lake used to be called L ục Th ủy ( Green Water Lake ) since the water was green all the year round. During the war against the Minh China, Lê L ợi had the magic sword named Heaven's Will. After 10 years of continuous struggling, he finally defeated the Chinese and reclaimed the nation’s independence. He became an Emperor named Lê Thái T ổ and founder of the Lê Dynasty. In early 1428, Emperor Le Thai To was boating on the lake when a Golden Turtle God (Kim Qui ) surfaced and asked him to return 123

Heaven's Will. The Golden Turtle God took back the sword and disappeared. King Le Thai To named the lake Ho Hoan Kiem.

Temple of the Jade Mountain (Ng ọc S ơn Temple (đề n Ng ọc Sơn)) on the Jade Island (đảo Ng ọc): it honors the military leader Tran Hung Dao–the national hero who defeated the Mongols in the 13th century (the Yuan Dynasty ruling China established by Kublai Khan (the fifth Khan)), a scholar V ăn X ươ ng and the Confucian master and famous writer Nguy ễn V ăn Siêu. In the 11 th century, when Emperor Ly Thai To moved the capital from Hoa L ư to Th ăng Long, he named the small already existed temple Ng ọc T ượng. Lord Tr ịnh Giang (Lê Dynasty (1735-1739) has built Khánh Th ụy shrine and two small stone hills ( Đào Tai, Ng ọc B ội). It was then destroyed by Lê Chiêu Th ống and then rebuilt after that by a philanthropist named Tín Trai. Later it was renamed Ng ọc S ơn. In 1865 Nguyen Van Sieu expanded it including the Pen Tower ( Tháp Bút ), the ink-slab (Đại Nghiên ), the Moon Contemplation Pavilion (Đắc Nguy ệt lâu (getting the moon light )), the Pavilion against Waves ( Đình Tr ấn Ba ), and the iconic wooden red-painted Huc Bridge ( Cầu Thê Húc - Rising Sun/morning sunlight Bridge ) connected the Jade Island to the lakeshore. Pen Tower is after the first gate. The second gate boasts Taoist symbols (the tiger, the carp, the phoenix, and the Vietnamese dragon). On the third gate is an ink-slab on the very spot where the shadow of the Pen Tower falls. Pen Tower (with 5 floors, 28m) built by stone on the ground of the old hill Độc Tôn (Ng ọc B ội). On it are the words Tả Thanh Thiên (Writing on the Blue Sky ). The Turtle Tower ( Tháp Rùa ) in the midst of the lake was erected on the grass- carpeted Turtle islet, the former fishing site under King Lê Thánh Tông. Under the Restored Lê Dynasty (17 th - 18 th centuries), the Tr ịnh Lords had T ả V ọng Temple built on the islet, which disappeared during the Nguy ễn Dynasty. In 1886 it was rebuilt. Just across the street from the western shore of Hoan Kiem is a memorial and temple dedicated to Lê L ợi-the central character in the legend (Lê Thái T ổ temple) constructed in 1896. On June 2, 1967, a turtle died from injuries and appeared in the lake. The turtle’s body was preserved and placed on display in the temple. That particular specimen weighed 200kg and measured 1.9m long. In 2010, on the occasion of 1000yrs of Thang Long, a giant smooth-shell turtle was surfacing in the lake. In 2011 the city authorities captured the giant reptile for 3- month medical treatment. She reappeared many times during 2011-2015. The last time the turtle was spotted alive was on 21 December 2015. She was reported dead on 19 January 2016. She weighted 169kg with the turtle-shell length of 1.3m. The total area of the lake nowadays is 120000m 2 and the circumference of 1820m, 200m wide, 600m long, and only 2m deep.

124

Hanoi's Old Quarter: The 36 Streets called “Hàng” (Hà n ội 36 ph ố ph ườ ng ) It locates between the Restored-Sword Lake, the Long Bien Bridge, the former city rampart and the Citadel wall. King Ly Thai To built his palace in the 11 th century. In the early 13 th century, the collection of tiny workshop villages clustered around the palace walls evolved into craft cooperatives (or guilds). Skilled craftsmen migrated to the Old Quarter. Each craftgroup originating from the same village and performing similar services designated their own area named by their traditional handicrafts. The streets developed a homogeneous look with the long and narrow buildings called “tube houses” (with typical 3m wide and 60m long). The Old Quarter has a rich religious heritage, when the craftsmen brought with them their religious practices. On each street there is at least one temple. Nowadays many of the old temples have been transformed into shops and living quarters, but some of the old buildings’ religious roots can still be recognized by the architecture. The old section of Hanoi is often called the “36 Old Streets”. The number 36 may came from the 15 th century when there might have been 36 workshop areas. There are now more than 70 streets in the area. Hàng Đào is the main axis running from north to south, cutting the Old Quarter in half. In the beginning of the 15 th century, this street was the location of the silk dyer guild which specialized in a deep pink dye. (Hàng (merchandise or shop) Đào (refers to the pink color of of apricot blossoms)). This street now specializes in ready- made clothing. Hàng B ạc (silver) has jewelleries of different types. Hàng Gai (Hemp) offers silk clothing, ready-made tailored embroidery. Lãn Ông (named famous physician in 18 th century) smells emanating from herbal medicinal products. Mã Mây was a union of two old streets: Hàng Mây sold rattan products and Hàng Mã sold e.g. paper replicas of money, clothing…(to burn for the dead in front of the altar of ancestors). Bát Đàn (Wooden Bowls), Bát S ứ (China Bowls), Ch ả Cá (Roasted Fish), Hàng B ồ (Basket), Hàng Bông (Cotton), Hàng Bu ồm (Sails), Hàng Đường (Sugar and candies)… French-colonial architecture in Hanoi Hanoi was the capital of all Indochina from 1902 to 1953. Thus many French-type architecture building are remained . Dragon Edge bridge (Cầu Long Biên ) originally called Paul Doumer bridge named after PD - the Governor-General of French Indochina and then French president): the 1682m-long bridge built between 1889 and 1902 under the direction of the same architect who designed the Eiffel Tower (Daydé & Pillé of Paris) and opened in 1903. Originally, Long

125

Bien had 19 spans and it was the first steel bridge across Red river in Hanoi, and one of four greatest bridges in the world at the time it was built. Long Bien bridge was bombed many times by American army air attacks (in 1967 and 1972). Many spans of the bridge were destroyed. The left spans still remaining today. It is the only bridge in Hanoi where all the riders have to go in the left hand side. St. Joseph's Cathedral (Nhà Th ờ L ớn Hà n ội) located at Nha Chung street is the oldest church in Hanoi. The construction began in 1882 and it opened in December 1886. The cathedral and Nha Chung area were built on the land formerly belonging to Bao Thien pagoda, which was built under Ly dynasty. The architecture with domes of the cathedral follows the Gothic style and design resembling Notre Dame de Paris. It is 64.5m in length, 20.5m in width with two bell towers of 31.5m-height. Though the appearance of the cathedral, from the doors, the colorful window glass, to the religious paintings for decoration follows Western style, the main interior part is decorated in Vietnamese way with two typical colors yellow and red. Outside, in front of the cathedral is the statue of Mother Maria. The first Christmas took place in the cathedral in 1887. Hanoi Opera House (Nhà hát l ớn Hà N ội) located on the famous August Revolution Square was constructed during 1901-1911 and modelled on Palais Garnier – the older of Paris two opera houses. It embraces the European architectural style under the Renaissance period with the Italian-made marble floor, copper chandeliers and exquisite French murals on the ceiling, thus making the place one of Hanoi’s singular architectural landmarks. Sofitel Legend Metropole (khách s ạn Th ống Nh ất) opened in 1901. Charlie Chaplin spent his honeymoon here, and Graham Greene took a break from writing The Quiet American to prop up the mahogany bar. The Presidential Palace (inside the President Complex ( Ph ủ Ch ủ T ịch )) was built between 1900 and 1906 to house the French Governor-General of Indochina. Dong Xuan (Springfield) Market (Ch ợ Đồng Xuân ) Originally built by the French administration in 1889, Đồng Xuân Market has been renovated several times with the latest in 1994 after a big fire. It is Hanoi’s largest indoor market where the wholesale traders sell everything from clothes, household goods to foodstuffs. The large roof of corrugated galvanised iron supplied by the French contractor Poinsard Veyret. The most recognizable feature of the market was the 5-arch entrance corresponding to Dong Xuan Market's five domes, each dome was measured 19m in height and 25m in width.

126

Temple of Literature - Imperial Academy (Văn Mi ếu - Qu ốc T ử Giám ) In 1070 the temple was built at the time of Emperor Lý Thánh Tông dedicated to Confucius (Nho giáo) - a Chinese teacher, editor, politician, and philosopher (Kh ổng Tử, 551- 479 BCE) of the Spring and Autumn period of China. In 1076, Emperor Lý Nhân Tông established Qu ốc T ử Giám - Vietnam's first university within the temple to educate Vietnam's bureaucrats, nobles, royalty and other members of the elite. The university remained open from 1076 to 1779. In 1802, the Nguy ễn dynasty's monarchs founded the Hu ế capital where they established a new imperial academy. The temple layout is similar to that of the Confucius' birthplace (Qufu, Shandong). It covers an area of over 54000 square metres, including the V ăn lake, Giám park and the interior courtyards which are surrounded by a brick wall. The Great Gate (and the four pillars in front of the Gate) opens onto three pathways which continues through the complex. The centre path (with a big bronze bell on the main gate) was reserved for the monarch, the path to the left is for the administrative Mandarins and the path to the right is for military Mandarins. The interior of the site is divided into five courtyards. The first courtyard extends from the Great Portico to the Dai Trung ( Đại Trung Môn) and two smaller gates: the Dai Tai gate ( Đại Tài Môn) and the Thanh Duc gate (Thành Đức Môn). In the first and second courtyards there are topiaries (bushes that are cut into particular shapes) that represent the 12 zodiac animals. The second courtyard contains the Khue Van pavilion (Khuê V ăn Các), a unique architectural work built in 1805 and a symbol of present-day Hanoi. It is built on four white- washed stone stilts. At the top is a red-coloured with two circular windows and an elaborate roof. Inside, a bronze bell hangs from the ceiling. Beside the Khue Van pavilion are the Suc Van gate (Súc V ăn Môn) and the Bi Van gate (Bi Văn Môn) dedicated to the beauty of literature. In the third courtyard is the Thien Quang well (Thiên Quang T ỉnh) and two great halls containing Stelae of Doctors. In 1484, Emperor Lê Thánh Tông erected 116 Turtle Steles of carved blue stone turtles with elaborate motifs and names of those successful at the royal exams. 82 Stelae of Doctors remain. There were 82 royal exams between 1442 and 1779 (81 exams held by the Lê dynasty and one was held by the M ạc dynasty. The turtle is a symbol of longevity and wisdom which was one of the nation's four holy creatures: The Turtle (Quy), the Dragon (Long), the Unicorn (Ly) and the Phoenix (Ph ượng).

127

The Fourth Courtyard: through the Dai Thanh gate ( Đại Thành Môn) and two smaller gates: Kim Thanh gate (Kim Thanh Môn) and the Ngoc Chan gate (Ng ọc Ch ấn Môn). On each side of the ceremonial fourth courtyard stand two halls. Their original purpose was to house altars to the seventy-two most honoured disciples of Confucius and Chu V ăn An (1292–1370)-a rector of the Imperial Academy. In the centre of the fourth courtyard is the House of Ceremonies ( Đại Bái Đường). The next building is the Upper Santuary (Th ượng Điện), where Confucius (Kh ổng T ử) and his four closest disciples Yanhui (Nhân Uyên), Zengzi (T ăng Sâm), Zisi (T ử Tư) and Mencius M ạnh T ử) are worshipped. The sanctuary also hosts altars to ten honoured philosophers. A small museum displays ink wells, pens, books and personal artefacts belonging to some of the students that studied at the temple. The fifth courtyard: the imperial academy constructed in 1076, by the order of Emperor Ly Nhan Tong, for literate mandarins as students. In 1236 The academy was enlarged and named Qu ốc T ử Vi ện and later Qu ốc H ọc Vi ện and then Thái H ọc Vi ện included Minh Luân house, west and east classrooms, a storehouse for wooden printing blocks and two sets of three 25 room dormitories and then Kh ải Thánh shrine honoured the parents of Confucius. In 1946, the courtyard was destroyed by the French in 1946. In the year 2000, the fifth courtyard was reconstructed. Several buildings were constructed including the front, the rear, the left and right buildings, a bell house and a drum house. Ceremonies in memory of cultural scholars are organised from the front building as are scientific activities and cultural events. The rear building has two levels. The ground floor has a statue of Chu V ăn An (a rector of the academy) and shows exhibits of the temple and the academy with a display on Confucian education in Vietnam. The upper floor is dedicated to the three great monarchs: Lý Thánh Tông (1023–1072), Lý Nhân Tông (1066–1127) and Lê Thánh Tông (1442– 1497). The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long (Hoàng Thành Th ăng Long ) is the cultural complex comprising the royal enclosure first built during the Lý Dynasty (1009-1225) and subsequently expanded by the Tr ần (1225-1400), Lê (1428- 1788) and finally the Nguy ễn Dynasty (1802-1945). The ruins roughly coincide with the Hanoi Citadel - the former residence of Vietnamese monarchs dating back to Đại Vi ệt (Great Viet-the name of Vietnam for the periods of 1054 - 1400 and 1428 - 1804), when the city was known as Th ăng Long. Remains of the Imperial City were discovered on the site of the former Ba Đình Hall when the structure was torn down in 2008 to make way for a new parliament building. Various archaeological remains unearthed were brought to the National Museum to be exhibited. So far only a small fraction of Th ăng Long has been excavated.

128

Tr ấn Qu ốc Pagoda and West lake (chùa Tr ấn Qu ốc và h ồ Tây ) The Pagoda is the oldest Buddhist temple in Hanoi located on a small peninsula on the East side of West Lake. It was first erected with the name “Khai Qu ốc” ( Opening a country ) on the bank of Red River during King Lý Nam Đế Dynasty (544- 548), the founder of the Early Lý Dynasty (544– 602)). In 15th century, during King Le Thai Tong reign, it was renamed to “An Qu ốc” ( a peaceful country ). During King Le Huy Tong dynasty (1681-1705) it was changed to the name “Tr ấn Qu ốc” ( protecting the country ). In 1915, due to a serious landslide ingrained into the pagoda’s foundation, the whole construction was moved to Kim Ng ư Island on the East of West Lake – the current location. It is designed according to Buddhist architecture with many layers of buildings. The precinct of Tran Quoc Pagoda is highlighted by a high stupa erected in 1998 composed of 11 floors with a height of 15m; on the top stands a nine-storey lotus ( Cửu đỉnh liên hoa ) by gemstone. This stupa is situated symmetrically with the 50-year-old Bodhi tree gifted by former Indian President on the occasion of his visit to Hanoi in 1959: “The lotus represent Buddha while the Bodhi is a symbol of supreme knowledge”. West Lake (Hồ Tây) is the largest lake of Hanoi (with a shore length of 17 km). A small part of West Lake is divided by Thanh Nien road ( Youth boulevard (1957-58) in old time called C ổ Ng ư dike) to form Trúc B ạch Lake (white bamboo). West Lake was created from a curved part of Red River. One legend suggests that West Lake was shaped after the battle between L ạc Long Quân and a nine-tailed fox spirit (the lake was once called “Fox Corpse Swamp” ( Đầm Xác Cáo). Another folk story claimed the lake “Golden Buffalo Lake” (H ồ Trâu Vàng, H ồ Kim Ng ưu) because it was formed from struggle of a buffalo. In the 11th century, the lake was named “Foggy Lake” (H ồ Dâm Đàm) due to its misty condition. In 1573 its name was changed to “West Lake”. (L ạc Long Quân ( Dragon Lord of L ạc, Hùng Hi ền Vươ ng) was the second Hùng king of the H ồng Bàng Dynasty of ancient Vietnam (V ăn Lang) in 2793 BC. (Quân was the son and sole successor of Kinh D ươ ng V ươ ng-the first Hung king who ruled over Xích Qu ỷ in 2879 BC)). Close to the lake Quán Thánh Temple (formerly known as Tr ấn V ũ Temple ( Tr ấn V ũ Quan ), a Taoist temple dated to the 11 th century, one of the Four Sacred Temples of ancient Hanoi), Chu Van An High School -one of the oldest high schools in Indochina established by French authorities in 1908 (as High School of the Protectorate ( Lycée du Protectorat). Before 1945 it was called Pomelo School (tr ường B ưởi)). A lot of B ưởi alumni became important figures in many area of Vietnam society. Hanoi Botanical Garden (vườn Bách Th ảo (“hundreds of plants”) was established by the French in 1890. It is as a complex of garden, hill and lake. Beside indigenous plants, many exotic tropical plants from all over the world were brought here and made up a rainforest right at the heart of the city. There are old big trees that take two or three people to hug around. 129

One Pillar Pagoda (chùa M ột C ột) formally Diên H ựu t ự or Liên Hoa Đài is a historic Buddhist temple in Hanoi, one of Vietnam's most iconic temples. The temple was built by Emperor Lý Thái Tông (who ruled from 1028 to 1054). Lý Thái Tông dream that he met the bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, who handed him a baby son while seated on a lotus flower. Lý Thái Tông then married a peasant girl that he had met and she bore him a son. The emperor constructed the wooden temple in gratitude for this in 1049, by erecting a pillar (1.25m in diameter) in the middle of a lotus pond. The temple was renovated in 1105 by Emperor Lý Nhân Tông. The temple is built of wood on a single stone pillar 1.25 m in diameter, and it is designed to resemble a lotus blossom, which is a Buddhist symbol of purity, since a lotus blossoms in a muddy pond. In 1954, the French forces destroyed the pagoda. It was rebuilt afterwards. Close to one-pillar Pagoda is Ho Chi Minh museum and mausoleum, Presidential Palace and Ho Chi Minh residence. President Ho Chi Minh lived in a wooden tiled house on stilt (of the Ethnic minority group’s style), surrounded by a gardens full of fruit trees and a peaceful fishpond. The house has two floors. The ground floor was the meeting place, consisting of 12 chairs around a large table. Upstairs, there is a bookshelf used as a wall between his study room and bed room. The lowest level of the shelf is laid a small typewriter for him to type himself. His bed room is very simple with a single wooden bed, a small blanket, a rush mat, a fan made of palm leaves and a bottle of water. The beloved President lived here from 1958 until he passed away in 2 sept. 1969. The Vietnam Museum of Ethnology (Bảo tàng Dân t ộc) The museum focuses on the 54 officially recognised ethnic groups in Vietnam. It locates on Nguyen Van Huyen Street, 8km from the city centre (1.2km from VAST). The construction started at the end of 1987 and was completed in 1997. The museum is packed full of information detailing traditional Vietnamese ways of life. The exhibition hall features everyday objects representing each group, a research centre, library and auditorium. The outdoor display area exhibits a variety of Vietnamese homes as full-scale replicas, with great attention paid to the varying architectural styles. In addition, there are also leisure pursuits on display including traditional water puppet theatre and calligraphy.

130

Halong Bay Halong Bay (Vịnh H ạ Long (Bay of Descending Dragon )) is located in the Gulf of Tonkin, within Quang Ninh Province, in the northeast of Vietnam, 165 km from Hanoi, covering an area of 43400ha and including 1969 limestone islands and islets in various shapes and sizes, most of which are uninhabitated and unaffected by humans. It is a center of a larger zone which includes Bái Tử Long Bay to the northeast, and Cát Bà Island to the southwest. The core of the bay has an area of 334km 2 with a high density of 775 islets. The limestone in this bay has gone through 500 million years of formation. The evolution of the karst in this bay has taken 20 million years under the impact of the tropical wet climate. It first named as L ục Châu, L ục H ải. During Ly, Tran and Le dynasty it had the name Hoa Phong, H ải Đông, An Bang, Vân Đồn. At the end of 19 th century the name Halong had appeared in the documents and sea-maps of French. In 1898, 1900 và 1902, Legderin-the captain of (French) Avalence and sailors saw the pair of giant sea-snakes. On the Hai Phong news, published in French, there was an article with the title “Dragon appeared in the Bay”. Burning beach (Bãi Cháy ) - an artificial sandy beach. According to legend, Bãi Cháy is the place where the army force of Tr ần Dynasty (1225-1400) led by Tran Khanh Du burned Mongols' vessels. Northeast wind then blew fire toward the west side of C ửa Lục Bay and set fire to the dried forest nearby. Another folk-story says that in the past, boats used to anchor at the west side of C ửa L ục. Fishermen gathered and burned leaves around those vessels in order to deal with shipworm that bored into them. Poem mountain (Núi Bài Th ơ) is a beautiful limestone mountain located in the Halong city center, the half of foothill is associated with the land, the other half is immersed in sea water. In many places, people can see the mountain in the different shapes. It was used to be called Truyen Dang mountain (Light Projecting mountain, núi Rọi Đèn or Truy ền Đă ng S ơn). According to the legend, the guards had to set up the fire to alarm the capital if they see any aggressors. In 1468, King Lê Thánh Tông patrolled at the North East Sea, his boat stopped at the foot of Truyen Dang mountain to drink wine and recite. Touched by the charming of the natural beauty, King Le Thanh Tong etched a poem on a flat rock, about 2.5m above the ground, including 56 Chinese characters. In 1729 Lord Tr ịnh C ường, a famous poet during Lê-Tr ịnh period, leaded troops to patrol over there. Read poetry of King Le Thanh Tong, Lord Trinh rewrite a poem on a cliff leaning down toward the earth, so it has avoided the destruction of the rain and remains clear and very easy to read. By the early 20th century, many travelers read these poems and then they carved 7 more, with all Chinese and Vietnamese characters on the nearby cliffs. 131

Heaven Palace Cave (Động Thiên Cung ) located in the southwest of Halong Bay, about 6 kilometers from Bai Chay beach, on the Đầu G ỗ Island (old name: đảo V ạn C ảnh, đảo Canh Độc). The island have a peak of 189m, with a shaped like a throne embracing two caves Dau Go cave located high above and the Heaven Palace close the water's edge which are about 100m apart. It is the most beautiful cave of the Bay. The cave is with complicated interior structure, many floors, and high ceiling with stalactites and stalagmites with different forms and shapes. The stalactites inside had the shapes of dragon, phoenix, and Four Pillars which made those people think about an imperial palace (Heaven Palace Cave). Due to having the narrow cave door and the strongly development of the flora surrounding, the entrance of Thien Cung cave was hidden. The cave was discovered quite late, in 1993. Wooden Stakes Cave (Hang Đầu G ỗ/Gi ấu G ỗ) is on the same name island. It was formed during the Pleixtocen period, 2million years ago. The cave is 27m above the sea level, the entrance is 12m wide and 17m high, the height of the dome is 25m. The name was linked with historic battle against Mongolian invaders under Tran dynasty in 13th h century. Dau Go Cave was the place hiding wooden stakes before they were driven into Bach Dang River. These stakes created a trap to destroy the enemy’s ships. Other explanation is that the mountain-island looks like the head of a wooden piece in the water. At the two sides are the “knots” that pople are often carved into the wood for dragging it ( Đầu g ỗ). The information about Dau Go cave was in the tourist book Merveille de Monde (Wonders of the world) in 1938. In 1918, King Kh ải Định and French gorvener in Indochine Albert Pierre Saraut has visited this cave. Surprise Cave (Hang S ửng S ốt) lies on Bo Hon Island group, surrounded by the Bo Nau Cave, Me Cung Cave, Luon Cave and Ti Top Island. The cave was found by the French in 1901 and called as Grotte des surprises. Sung Sot Cave is a large cave with the size of 12.200m2. The cave has three compartments and high ceiling with lots of stalactites in various shapes. The ceiling’s maximal height is 30 meters. In the middle, there is a giant and beautiful stalactite pillar connecting the cave’s ground up to the roof. The mouth of Sung Sot Cave is about 25 meters above the sea level. There is a stone in the shape of a horse and a long sword next to the entrance. The ancient legend has told that, after defeating the An Enemy, Thanh Giong flied to Heaven, leaving his sword and horse to reassure local people and dislodge demons. Currently, inside the cave, there are many natural images as the marks of that fierce battle. The trail of his horse became many little lakes and smashed rocks.

132

Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng national park is an Unesco World Heritage Site in 2003 located in Qu ảng Bình Province in the North Central Coast region of Vietnam, about 500 km south of Hanoi. It is one of the world's two largest karst regions and oldest karst mountains in Asia formed approximately 400 million years ago, with 300 caves and grottoes, underground rivers caves and unspoilt jungle. A 2009 survey brought the total discovered length of the cave system to about 126 km, with many areas still not well explored. The park derives its name from Phong Nha cave and Kẻ Bàng forest. Phong Nha ( Wind and Teeth ) is 7729m long (but tourists can only penetrate to a distance of 1500 m) and contains 14 grottoes, a 14km underground river and lake, and many fascinating rock formations. Sơn Đoòng Cave (mountain river cave, Hang S ơn Đoòng ) was found by a local man in 1991 and documented by the British Caving Research Association. As of 2009, it is considered the largest cave in the world with the largest known cave passage cross- section in the world by volume. It is more than 5km long, 200m high and 150m wide. It was created 2-5 million years ago by river water eroding away the limestone underneath the mountain. The cave contains some of the tallest known stalagmites in the world, which are up to 80m tall. Rare limestone cave pearls are scattered in dried pools. The eco- system inside Hang Son Doong is as unique as it is large, and it even has its own localized weather system. Collapsed ceilings have created openings known as dolines, allowing foliage to grow inside the cave. Microscopic organisms thrive in the darkness. Paradise cave (Hang Thiên Đường ) was discovered by a local man in 2005. This cave is 31km long explored and publicly announced by the British Cave Research Association (only 1km open for tourists). The height can reach to 80m and the width up to 150m. It is as the longest Dry Cave in Asia, one of the most spectacular caves in the. Paradise Cave owns a breathtaking, magnificent and magical structure with thousands of beautiful and spectacular stalactites and stalagmites of various shapes, sizes and colours.

133

Hoi An The Old Town of H ội An located 30km south of Đà nẵng (a coastal city in central Vietnam 800kms from Hanoi, known for its sandy beaches and history as a French colonial port) and within 130 km from Imperial City of Hu ế. Hoi An as a World Heritage Site in 1999 by Unesco. It was a major port of the ancient Cham Kingdom between the 7 th and 10 th centuries for trading silk, porcelain, pepper, cinnamon and medicinal plants. Hoi An is basically a living museum featuring a unique mixture of East and West in the form of its old- town from the 16 th to the 18 th centuries. Hoi An is also known for its great food, fun shopping, skilled tailors, friendly people and cosy atmosphere – all key characteristics that draw people to this picturesque town. Attractions include: Hoi An Ancient Town : Japanese bridge (17 th century, NTMinh Khai-Tran Phu st.), Cantonese Assembly Hall (176 Tran Phu str.), Chinese Fujian (Phuc Kien) assembly hall (around 1690, 46 Tran Phu str.), Old House of Tan Ky (Progress Shop; an almost perfect example of a 18th merchant’s residence ; 101 Nguyen Thai Hoc str.), Museum of Trade Ceramics (a vast selection of Chinese, Vietnamese and Japanese ceramics; 80 Tran Phu str.), Chuc Thanh Pagoda (Hoi An’s oldest temple (15th century), Tran Van Du Str.), The Ba Le Well (45 Phan Chau Trinh Str.) Handcrafted-lantern night market : Hoi An riverside is the best place to be at night as the area is lit by quaint and old-fashioned lanterns, making it an atmospheric and beautiful spot. Boat on river during the evening : after 6 o’clock in the evening one can sit on the on colourful wooden boat padding along Thu Bon river to release the paper lantern with small candle inside twinkle and admire Hoian beauty at night. Getting clothes made in Hoi An : skilled tailors can make the dress for you within one day. An Bang, Cua Dai beach with white-sand and coconut trees for those who love sea, sun and sand, just 5km away from the town centre. A statue of Kazik (Kazimierz Kwiatkowski), 138 Tran Phu str. He was a Polish archaeologist and architect who had a great contribution to restoring the ancient town Hoian and M ỹ S ơn Sanctuary. One day excursion to Cham Island : for those who like adventures with speed boat, relaxing at Lang beach with white-sand and coconut trees, visiting Hai Tang Pagoda (built in 1753), enjoying a seafood lunch, diving to see coral reef. Tour to My Son Sanctuary : the ancient capital of the Champa Kingdom (4 th - 14 th century).

134

Post-deadline abstract

135

136

Innovative technological and methodological processes in teaching subject “biology of animal production”

Peter Massanyi, Grzegorz Formicki and Robert Stawarz Department of Animal Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, Nitra, Slovak Republic Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorazych 2, Krakow, Poland Email: [email protected]

Summary The aim of this study is preparation of modern interactive education and integration of subject “Biology of Animal Production” realized at the Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. The subject is designed for bachelor’s program at the faculty. The project is focused on innovation and integration of lecture rooms and implementation of interactive teaching methods in practical courses and enables students to work with excellent laboratory equipment (CASA – Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis; morphometry and CASA-TOX IVOS). Acquired knowledge during the laboratory exercises with advantage to modern laboratory methods are unavoidable presumption towards successful studies and even option of establish in practice at home and abroad. Modernization of a classroom and textbooks will be an innovative element in the educationally process on the FBFS, SUA in Nitra. From the perspective of the continuation of the previous activities the meaningful innovation in this area utilization is of top-level laboratory equipment for the purpose of practical training in selected subjects. In terms of connection to the previous activity a significant innovation in the field is the use and exploitation of modern tuning methodologies used within the EU project (Tuning Educational Structures in Europe).

Introduction The subject “Biology of Animal Production” is the main subject of the Department of Animal Physiology as well as the Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences in Nitra. It is aimed at studying production and reproductive properties not only of livestock but also of all kinds of animals. This mandatory the subject continues to apply a significant degree in solving environmental problems, in the protection nature, pharmaceutical industry, and so on. The subject “Biology of Animal Production” ensures new knowledge, techniques and processes of biological nature. It characterizes cytological, anatomical, histological, morphological and physiological patterns of animals. The scientific and societal importance of the application of modern biological methods and techniques is of prime importance a state-owned priority for many advanced countries in the world, and is well within its reach programs. Subject graduates are able to describe physiological processes, production and reproductive capabilities of the animals through the acquisition of practical skills applicable to practice.

137

Successful completion of the subject predisposes the graduate to any possible scientific direction in the area biology and animal physiology. The chosen subject of the curriculum is based on the core themes of the core of knowledge for the first degree of Applied Biology.

Project aims The structure of the subject from the point of view of the acquired knowledge is based on the targeting requirements related to biological direction with emphasis on the demonstration of new and modern principles of research and development using modern methodological methods and devices used at the Department of Animal Physiology, Sciences Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences in Nitra – in vitro assessment methods, morphometry, CASA analysis, spectroscopy and the like. Selected subject uses current and prospective theoretical and practical knowledge and their creative use during the study, within of particular subjects, but especially in the preparation of works with the practical use of the acquired knowledge. Graduates manage the issue of biosynthetic processes, production and reproduction the ability of organisms. Graduate will be able to creatively and independently solve problems biological research as well as practical tasks of applied biology. In this field, he acquires knowledge and skills in methods of research of living systems at different levels of their organization (molecule, cell, tissues, organs, organism, population, eco- system) will have specific knowledge from biological science departments and will have further knowledge. Graduate acquires knowledge which it can use for professional and educational events. The aim of the present project is to innovate the subject “Biology of Animal Production” in the study programs Applied Biology, Agrobiotechnology, Agro-food, Food Safety and Control, etc. Study programs are accredited to first stage of university studies. The goal of the project is to prepare, update and complete syllabus of practical exercises and subject lectures as well as introduction of modern assessment methodology learning process (using the tuning methodology TUNING Educational Structures in Europe). The very benefits of the project will be to modernize and improve the learning process using state-of-the-art research and information technologies to bring new ones more attractive view of the subject and subject. Improvement and upgrading of individual equipment exercises intended for practical laboratory tasks of students, will support the creative thinking of students, will raise the level and quality of the educational process itself and, last but not least, increase interest students about the subject. The outputs of the project will be closer to the laboratories with learning spaces, improving the relationship students to work independently with laboratory aids and professional laboratory equipment and all this in order to increase their applicability in practice. No less important outputs will be the publication of scientific articles in scientific journals (WOK, SCOPUS) and in the proceedings of presentations of the project's researchers at domestic and foreign conferences. Acknowledgement This study was supported by projects VEGA 1/0760/15, VEGA 1/0539/18; KEGA 010SPU-4/2018; 009SPU-4/2017 and APVV-16-0289. 138

Opening and welcoming Speeches

139

140

The opening speech of Prof. Nguyen Van Hieu

Dear Prof. Robert Stawarz, Vice-Rector of the Pedagogical University of Cracow, Mr. Szymon Wudarski, chargé d'affaires ad interim of the Republic of Poland in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Prof. Zbigniew Tarnawski, distinguished scientist from Poland, Prof. Doan Dinh Phuong, Director of Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Dear colleagues, On behalf of the Scientific Council of Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, I warmly welcome the distinguished guests and the participants of the Poland-Vietnam Symposium on Natural Sciences, High Technologies and Humanities for Young Scientists held in Hanoi these days. I would like to thank the Organisers of the Symposium: Nhu-Tarnawska Hoa Kim Ngan, Vu Dinh Lam, Nguyen Thanh Binh for the initiative to organize this symposium. Attending the Symposium today and having the chance to meet Polish colleagues, I recall with my great pleasure the beautiful memories on my meetings with the great Polish nuclear physicist in Cracow Prof. Henryk Niewodnicza ński and my scientific research activities in the cooperation with two famous nuclear physicists from Cracow Prof. Andrzej Hrynkiewicz and Prof. Jerzy Janik during 9 years from 1960 to 1969 when I worked in Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna. During that period I often came to Cracow for attending the scientific conferences in Zakopane.

With my deep sympathy to Polish scientists as well as to Poland-a friendly country of Vietnam, I wish the Symposium the high successes and the Polish participants the beautiful memories of Vietnam.

Thank you for your attentions.

141

142

The welcoming speech of Prof. Doan Dinh Phuong

Dear Prof. Robert Stawarz, Vice-Rector of the Pedagogical University of Cracow, Mr. Szymon Wudarski, Chargé d'affaires of the Republic of Poland in Vietnam, Academician Nguyen Van Hieu, Former President of Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Dear distinguished guests, Professors and Young Colleagues, It is my pleasure to welcome all of you on behalf of Institute of Materials Science (IMS) to the “Poland-Vietnam Symposium on Natural Science, High Technologies and Humanities for Young Scientists” at the head quarter of IMS. We are very delighted to host the first joint symposium and we hope that such kind of symposium will be continued in the future. I believe that this symposium will provide all sides not only a great opportunity to share experiences but also possibilities for collaboration between research teams of all institutions getting involved. On behalf of IMS, I would like to thank our co-organizers, especially the Pedagogical University of Cracow, Poland for their great contribution to the symposium. I would like to express my sincere thanks to Academician Nguyen Van Hieu, Prof. Hoa Kim Ngan Nhu-Tarnawska, Prof. Vu Dinh Lam and Prof. Nguyen Thanh Binh for their efforts to make this symposium happens. My thanks are also due to all participants, especially professors and young scientists from Poland who have taken a long journey to attend the symposium and I wish that you have wonderful days in Vietnam.

Finally, I wish you a fruitful and successful symposium.

Thank you very much.

143

144

The welcoming speech of Prof. Robert Stawarz

Dear Prof. Nguyen Van Hieu, Prof. Doan Dinh Phuong, Mr. Szymon Wudarski, Dr. Nguyen Bich Ha, Dear participants from Vietnam and Poland, dear friends, It is my great pleasure to have been invited to take part in the opening ceremony of this important Polish-Vietnam Symposium! Let me join the Rector of Pedagogical University of Cracow-Prof. Kazimierz Karolczak in welcoming you all to this symposium. PolViet Symposium brings together young scientists from our countries. I am very happy that this event is a result of real and active cooperation between Polish and Vietnam young scientists who are a future of science. I do hope that all presentations and discussions will be a starting point for an effective and high quality constantly developing cooperation which will bear fruits for personal scientific life of each of you, as well as for world science. The science is also the best way for finding truth.

Let me conclude by wishing fruitful deliberations.

We look forward to the conclusion and recommendations of the symposium.

145

146

The welcoming speech of Mr. Szymon Wudarski

Ladies and Gentlemen, First of all I would like to thank the organizers for invitation. It is my honor and privilege to participate in that remarkable event. I will try to keep my speech brief and short, being aware that today’s morning is a prime time for the other speakers. I am really glad that Pedagogical University in Cracow and Institute of Materials Science-Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology have given a lot of efforts to organize today’s event. This symposium could be an example of wonderful and fruitful cooperation between Polish and Vietnamese scientists, and contributes to our expanding cooperation in the field of science and academic relations. Poland and Vietnam have long history and tradition of mutual exchange of ideas and research. Many scientists from Vietnam have studied in Poland. Polish scientific experience contributed significantly to the social and economic development of Vietnam. And those relations have been striving. During last few years we have been observing increasing number of students from Vietnam studying in Polish universities. Most of them come back to Vietnam and serve as a bridge between our universities and businesses. I would like to emphasize that the door of our Embassy are always opened for alumni of Polish universities.

Ladies and Gentlemen, Today we have been experiencing unprecedented economic growth in both our countries. One of the factors that have contributed to that growth is science. In the current world technological breakthrough is the key ingredient for sustainable economic development. Not only it helps to increase productivity, but also gives better living conditions. This symposium shows that unrestricted and open exchange of academic knowledge and research can bring our countries closer together. Thanks to so many young scientists present on this symposium we can boost our cooperation showing that relations between two countries are not the zero-sum game, but could be win-win scenario for both players. In the end I would like to express my deepest gratitude for organizing this event to Prof. Nguyen Van Hieu, Prof. Doan Dinh Phuong and Prof. Robert Stawarz, as well as the organizing committee, without whose hard work this event would not happen.

I hope that such events could be organized regularly in the future.

Thank you, xin cám ơn, dzi ękuj ę!

147

148

Statistics of PolVietSym2018

149

150

Summary of Prof. Hoa Kim Ngan Nhu-Tarnawska

UPDATED PROGRAM of POLVIETSYM2018 SYMPOSIUM VENUE: Institute of Materials Science (IMS), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Monday, 16 th July 2018

Everyday, the bus will pick up the participants at the Amorita Boutique hotel, 7 Hang Dau street.

7:00 The polish participants should bring their passports with them to the symposium site. Copies of the passports are needed for the administrative matter.

7:30-17:00 Registration. IMS-VAST, Room 237, A2 Building

H onorary guests of PolVietSym2018: Prof. Nguyen Van Hieu, VAST, patron/honorary chairman of PolVietSym2018. Prof. Doan Dinh Phuong, Director of IMS-VAST. Prof. Robert Stawarz, Vice-Rector of the Pedagogical University of Cracow.

Mr. Szymon Wudarski, chargé d'affaires ad interim of the Republic of Poland in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Dr. Nguyen Bich Ha, IMS-VAST, Deputy Editor-in-Chief of the journal Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanosci. &Nanotech.

OPENING and PLENARY LECTURE (PL) IMS-VAST, Room 338, A2 Building Chairmen: Vu Dinh Lam, Nhu-Tarnawska Hoa Kim Ngan OPENING: Nguyen Van Hieu 8:30-9:00 WELCOME ADRESS: Doan Dinh Phuong, Robert Stawarz, Szymon Wudarski 9:00-9:45 PL: What do we know about our Universe? Zbigniew Tarnawski

9:45: Symposium photo. 9:45-10:15 Coffee break.

PARALLEL SESSIONS

Session 1 Session 2 IMS-VAST, Room 338, A2 Building IMS-VAST, Room 238, A2 Building Chairman: Nguyen Thanh Binh Chairman: Peter Massanyi

O1: Functional integral method in quantum O8: Superconductivity and structure of U- field theory of plasmons in grapheme based alloys with selected (3-5) d-metals and of 10:15-10:30 10:15-10:30 Fabrication of Graphene/DWCNTs hybrid film their hydrides

for Cholesterol Electrochemical Sensor Sylwia SOWA PHAN Nguyen Duc Duoc O9: Study of designing the scintillation O2: Mössbauer studies of iron-based detector using CsI(Tl) crystals and PIN 10:30-10:45 10:30-10:45 superconductors photodiode for ambient gamma dose rate

Kamila KOM ĘDERA DINH Tien Hung

O3: Enhanced high-order resonant Q-factor O10: Coating Carbon on the surface of with multiple coupled resonators in slotted two- NaLi Mn O P2-Structure as a Cathode 10:45-11:00 10:45-11:00 0.2 0.8 2 dimensional photonic crystals for reduced Material for Sodium-ion Batteries.

optical switching intensity in bistable devices HOANG Huu Thang HOANG Thu Trang O11: Levels of microelements (Cu, Zn, Fe) and O4: Suppression of photonic stopband macroelements (Mg, Ca) in organs of Mullet 11:00-11:15 11:00-11:15 reflection in metal-photonic structure (Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758) in coastal

PHAM The Linh Vietnam Le Thi Thu PHUONG not presented O5: Mercury concentration in different parts of O12: Social activity of NGO members as 11:15-11:30 brain of big Sus srcofa from Małopolska region, 11:15-11:30 exemplified by scouts Poland Maria KOTKIEWICZ Vo Van THIEP O6: Security dilemma of states in 21 st century O13: Intermixing in Fe O films induced by 11:30-11:45 11:30-11:45 3 4 on an example of Poland and Vietnam 1MeV Ar +, Kr + and Au + ion irradiation

Jarosław INDYK Magdalena KRUPSKA-KLIMCZAK O7: Optical properties and chemical O14: Study on fabrication of magnetic fluids composition of transition layers formed in the based on spinel ferrite Fe O nanoparticles for process of irradiation by Ne +, Ar +, Kr + and Xe + 3 4 11:45-12:00 11:45-12:00 applying in magnetic fluid hyperthermia cancer ions of the multilayer TiO /SiO system 2 2 treatment Tran Van PHUC PHAM Hoai Linh

12:00-13:00 Lunch

Session 3 Session 4 Room 338, A2 Building Room 237, A2 Building Chairman: Pham Duy Long Chairman: Andrzej Korna ś

O15: Reactor neutron activation analysis in O21 : cancelled 13:30-13:45 studies of C 3-CAM transition of 13:30-13:45 O22: Khan Academy - a platform supporting Mesembryantheum crystallinum L the teaching and learning process in Poland Tomasz MRÓZ Anna MICHNIEWSKA cancelled O16: The Treaty of Trianon: the politics of O23: Fabrication of the MA/FA/Cs triple cation 13:45-14:00 memory in contemporary Hungary 13:45-14:00 perovskite solar cells using one-step and two- Artur JACH-CHRZASZCZ step approaches PHAM Van Phuc O17: Experimental study on nuclear level O24: DFT study of electronic structure scheme, nuclear level density, and radiative properties of SrAFe As (A = Rb and Cs) 14:00-14:15 14:00-14:15 4 4 strength function using the gamma–gamma superconductors

coincidence spectrometer in Vietnam MAI Thi Ly absence NGUYEN Ngoc Anh O18: Raman scattering investigations of phase O25: Functional integral method in quantum 14:15-14:30 transitions in the nanocrystals of PbZrO - 14:15-14:30 3 field theory of Dirac fermions in grapheme BiFeO system 3 TRAN Van Hau Maria PODGÓRNA O19: Impact of external factors on O26: Effects of filler surface on molecular 14:30-14:45 electromagnetic properties of metamaterial 14:30-14:45 mobility and resulting deformation and fracture absorbers in THz region behaviour of thermoplastic polymer composites NGUYEN Minh Nguyet NGUYEN Viet Dung O27: Provincial spatial distribution of Gini 14:45-15:00 O20 : cancelled 14:45-15:00 coefficient in Vietnam

TRUONG Van Canh absence

15:00-15:30 Coffee break

Visit to the Ancient University of Vietnam - Van Mieu-Quoc Tu Giam 15:30-18:00 The bus will bring the participants from symposium site to the Ancient University of Vietnam.

Symposium Banquet at Sen Tay Ho (West Lake Lotus, 614 Lac Long Quan, Nhat Tan, Tay Ho, Hanoi,with more than 200 choices of foods). 18:00-20:30 The bus will pick up the participants from Van Mieu-Quoc Tu Giam and bring them to the banquet site. After the banquet, the bus will bring the participants back to the city center.

Tuesday, 17 th July 2018

Session 5 Room 338, A2 Building Chairman: Zbigniew Tarnawski O28: Trust of Youth to the local government 8:30-8:45 Malwina KOSTRZEWSKA-OBERTANIEC O29: Effects of high temperature annealing on optical properties of ions implanted GaAs near surface layers 8:45-9:00 /Depth profile of atoms and optical properties of near surface layers of implanted semiconductors Mirosław KULIK O30: Simulate Compton suppression spectrometer in Dalat research reactor by using Monte Carlo method 9:00-9:15 Cao Van HIEP O31: Synthesis of ultra-small TiO 2 nanowire/nanorod arrays by hydrothermal method 9:15-9:30 KHUONG Viet Hoang

O32: Preparation of Fe O based drug delivery system loading doxycycline 9:30-9:45 3 4 NGUYEN Hoai Nam O33: Short-Term Impacts of Livestock Grazing on Vegetation and Track Formation in a High Mountain 9:45-10:00 Environment: A Case Study from the Himalayan Miyar Valley (India) Michał APOLLO

10:00-10:30 Coffee break

Session 6 Room 338, A2 Building Chairman: Tran Quoc Tien 10:30-10:45 O34: Asperger’s syndrome as a civilization phenomenon Dorota KONIECZNA

10:45-11:00 O35: Na-doped La 0.7 Ca 0.3 MnO 3 compounds exhibiting a large magnetocaloric effect near room temperature DINH Chi Linh not presented O36: Preparation of cobalt nanoparticles and effects of rhizome pre-treatment by cobalt on grow and yield of 11:00-11:15 tumeric (curcuma longa l.)

NGUYEN Hong Nhung O37: Characterization of Pt/Ir diffusion bond-coating for gas turbine 11:15-11:30 DAO Chi Tue

SUMMARY and CLOSING Room 338, A2 Building Chairman: Nguyen Thanh Binh Summary: Nhu-Tarnawska Hoa Kim Ngan . 11:30-11:45 Awards for the best presentations: (given by) Zbigniew Tarnawski and Nguyen Thanh Binh. Closing: Vu Dinh Lam.

12:00-13:30 Lunch

Visit to the Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Museum of Ethnology The bus will bring the participants from Vietnam National Museum of Nature to the Vietnam Museum of 13:30-17:30 Ethnology. After that the bus will bring the participants to enjoy the special show at the Thang Long Water Puppet Theatre and then Saying good bye.

Wednesday, 18 th July 2018: Excursion to Halong (Free tour organised by participants.)

The book of abstracts is dedicated to Poland-Vietnam Symposium on Natural Science, High Technologies and Humanities for Young Scientists (PolVietSym2018) held on 16 th – 18 th July 2018 in Hanoi, Vietnam.

Ksi ąż ka abstraktów po świ ęcona jest Sympozjum Polsko-Wietnamskiemu Nauk Przyrodniczych, Technologii i Nauk Humanistycznych dla Młodych Naukowców (PolVietSym2018) odbywaj ącemu si ę w dniach 16-18 lipca 2018 w Hanoi, Wietnam.

Sách tóm t ắt dành cho Hội thảo Ba Lan -Vi ệt Nam v ề Khoa h ọc t ự nhiên, Công ngh ệ cao và Nhân v ăn cho các nhà Khoa h ọc Trẻ (PolVietSym2018) tổ ch ức vào ngày 16 - 18 tháng 7 n ăm 2018 t ại Hà N ội, Việt Nam .

ISBN: 978-83-8084-162-8

Trung Tâm Tiên Tiê ń Vê ̀ Vâ ṭ Ly ́ VI ̣ÊN VÂ Ṭ LY ́