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THE GLOBALIZATION OF URBAN FORMS IN HANOI La mondialisation des formes urbaines à Hanoi, deuxième partie version Research provisionalreport written by Stephanie Geertman and Le Quynh Chi Rapport de recherche (en anglais) sur la mondialisation des formes urbaines à Hanoi établi par Stéphanie Geertman et Le Quynh Chi Fonds National Suisse de la recherche scientifique, subside FN 100013-122411/1 version provisional ii The globalization of urban forms, second part Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS VI RESEARCH TEAM VII ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS VIII INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1. REGIME CHANGES SINCE DOI MOI 1986 3 1.1 TRANSFORMATION OF GOVERNANCE IN VIETNAM 5 1.1.1 CONTEXT DOI MOI 6 1.1.2 KEY- CHANGES SINCE DOI MOI 9 1.1.3 NEW ACTORS IN URBAN FORM IN VIETNAM 14 1.1.4 CHART PUBLIC-PRIVATE ACTORS IN URBAN FORM IN HANOI 19 1.2 CHANGE IN URBAN GOVERNANCE IN HANOI 21 1.2.1 URBAN GOVERNANCE HANOI 21 1.2.2 CHART URBAN GOVERNANCE HANOI 25 1.2.3 ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL ACTORS IN HANOI 27 1.2.4 FOREIGN URBAN STRATEGIES FOR VIETNAM 33 1.2.5 ROLE OF CIVIL SOCIETY version36 1.3 EVOLUTION OF THE URBAN PLANNING PROCESS 42 1.3.1 EVOLUTION LEGAL BASIS URBAN PLANNING PROCESS 42 1.3.2 EVOLUTION OF THE MASTER PLANNING PROCESS HANOI 48 1.4 RECENT VIEWS ON CURRENT URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF… 62 1.4.1 …HANOI? 62 1.4.2 …A MODEL CITY FOR HANOI? 63 1.4.3 …CURRENT AND FUTURE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF HANOI? 64 CHAPTER 2. ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN URBAN FORMS AND FLOWS 67 2.1: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: FLOWS AND FORMS IN HANOI BEFORE 1986 69 2.1.1 PRE-MODERN VIETNAM 69 2.1.2 FRENCH COLONIZATION (1884 – 1954) 69 2.1.3 THE SOCIALIST CITY (1945-1986) 70 2.1.4 WAR WITH THE USA & SOCIALISM (1960 – 1975) 70 2.1.5 DOI MprovisionalOI PERIOD (1986- PRESENT) 71 2.2 INTERNATIONAL FLOWS 72 2.2.1 FLOW OF CAPITAL 72 2.2.2. FLOW OF PEOPLE 88 2.2.3. FLOW OF CULTURE 95 2.2.4 FLOWS OF CAPITAL, PEOPLE AND IDEAS AND KNOWLEDGE 105 The globalization of urban forms, second part iii 2.3 GENERAL SURVEY OF NEW BUILT FORM SINCE DOI MOI 123 2.3.1. TRANSFORMATIONS IN CIRCULATION 125 2.3.2 TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE SKYLINE 127 2.3.3 TRANSFORMATIONS IN SPATIAL SPECIALIZATION 129 2.3.4 SELECTION OF NEW URBAN PLACES AND OBJECTS 138 2.4 SYNTHESIS – CHANGING FLOWS & TRANSITIONS IN NEW URBAN 139 2.4.1 FLOWS GENERATING NEW URBAN FORMS 139 2.4.2 URBAN FORM GENERATING NEW INTERNATIONAL FLOWS 140 CHAPTER 3. SYNTHESIS OF CHAPTER 1 AND 2 143 3.1 QUESTION & HYPOTHESIS 1: 145 3.1.1 TOWARDS A MORE COSMOPOLITAN REGIME CHANGE IN VIETNAM 145 3.1.2 TOWARDS A MORE COSMOPOLITAN URBAN GOVERNANCE IN HANOI 146 3.1.3 TOWARDS A MORE COSMOPOLITAN URBAN PLANNING PROCESS 146 3.1.4 SYNTHESIS ANSWER QUESTION 1 & VERIFICATION HYPOTHESIS 1 147 3.2 QUESTIONS & HYPOTHESIS 2: 149 3.2.1 INTERNATIONAL FLOWS GENERATING NEW URBAN FORMS 149 3.2.2 URBAN FORMS GENERATING NEW INTERNATIONAL FLOWS 150 3.2.3 SYNTHESIS ANSWER QUESTION & VERIFICATION HYPOTHESIS 2 version151 CHAPTER 4. ANALYSIS OF THE BIOGRAPHY OF A SAMPLE OF NEW URBAN FORMS 153 4.1 SELECTION OF OBJECTS 154 4.2 OBJECT BIOGRAPHIES 157 4.2.1 BIOGRAPHY CIPUTRA 157 4.2.2 BIOGRAPHY SELF BUILD HOUSE 165 4.2.3 BIOGRAPHY TRUNG HOA NHAN CHINH (THNC) 171 4.2.4 BIOGRAPHY PACIFIC PLACE 178 4.2.5 BIOGRAPHY BIG-C 184 4.2.6 BIOGRAPHY TRANG TIEN PLAZA 190 4.2.7 BIOGRAPHY VINCOM 196 4.2.8 BIOGRAPHY HANG DA MARKET 204 4.2.9 BIOGRAPHY GEO-SPA 209 4.2.10 BIOGRAPHY TAN MY DESIGN 213 4.2.11 BprovisionalIOGRAPHY HILTON HOTEL 220 4.2.12 BIOGRAPHY CHICOMAMBO 226 4.2.13 BIOGRAPHY HIGHLANDS COFFEE 231 4.2.14 BIOGRAPHY NATIONAL CONVENTION CENTER (NCC) 236 4.2.15 BIOGRAPHY SHOP HOUSE MA MAY 243 4.2.16 BIOGRAPHY HANOI OPERA HOUSE 249 iv The globalization of urban forms, second part CHAPTER 5. SYNTHESIS SAMPLE OF URBAN FORMS 254 5.1 CHARACTERISTICS OBJECT BIOGRAPHIES 256 5.2. CHARACTERISTICS NEW URBAN CULTURE HANOI BASED ON SAMPLE OBJECT BIOGRAPHIES 257 CHAPTER 6. GENERAL CONCLUSION 262 REFERENCES 267 LISTS 278 LIST OF TABLES 278 LIST OF GRAPHS 280 LIST OF FIGURES 282 APPENDIXES 283 APPENDIX 0. LIST OF INTERVIEWEES 283 APPENDIX I. TIME LINE – DEVOLUTION LOCAL GOVERNMENT - LAND USE MversionANAGEMENT 294 APPENDIX II. TIME LINE – DEVOLUTION LOCAL GOVERNMENT – PUBLIC INVESTMENT 296 APPENDIX III. TIME LINE – DEVOLUTION LOCAL GOVERNMENT – SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLANNING 298 APPENDIX IV. TIME LINE – DEVOLUTION MASS ORGANIZATION 299 APPENDIX V. TIME LINE – DEVOLUTION MEDIA 301 APPENDIX VI. TIME LINE – DEVOLUTION CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS IN VIETNAM 303 APPENDIX VII. ANALYSIS OF DONORS IN VIETNAM 305 APPENDIX VIII. OVERVIEW INCOMES OF CIVIL SERVANTS VIETNAM 312 APPENDIX IX. BOOKLET MATERIAL COLLECTION 313 provisional The globalization of urban forms, second part v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are many people who have helped with this research. A special thanks to former chief architect and former director of HAUPA, Dr. Arch. Dao Ngoc Nghiem who welcomed me in his house and gave advice during many meetings. Also a special thanks to Dr. Hoang Dao Kinh, Vice-president of the VAA, who likewise gave a lot of his time discussing this research. And special thanks to Dr. Nguyen Truc Luyen, president of the Vietnamese Architectural Association, who invited me to his penthouse in Pacific Place, to talk about the research and let me talk to the members of his family living at Pacific Place. And a special thanks to Mr. Tran Xuan Bach and Dr. Nguyen Quang of UN-Habitat for explaining about urbanization and globalization in Hanoi. And a special thanks Ms. Tran Thanh Van, landscape architect informing me all about her activities in preventing the disappearance of Thong Nhat Park. And I would like to thanks the French architects Mr. Ho Thieu Tri (HTT architects), Mr. Le Cuong, Mr. Cassagnes (Archetype) and Mr. Cuvallier (Site architecture) for explaining to me how foreign architects operate in Vietnam. And a special thanks to artist and painter Mr. Pham An Hai and Mr. Thai who took the time explaining about internationalization in arts in Vietnam. And Mr. Tuan Anh, who explained me about economic issues related to globalization in Vietnam. Lastly, I want to thank all the other professionals and other people living in Hanoi users who took the time to be interviewed for this project. And everyone who attended the two workshops that were held for this project. Furthermore I would like to thank all the people who worked on and off on this team. First a special thanks for Ms. Le Quynh Chi who, after returning from Japan, joined me in the last part of this research. She has helped me in the great endeavor of data collection in Vietnam. In addition she helped with finishing the analysis of object biographies and writing this report. Special thanks to Prof. Nguyen Quoc Thong, Ministry of Construction, Dr. Trinh Duy Luan director of the Institute of Sociology, and Dr. Pham Thuy Loan, lecturer at the University of Civil Engineering. They advised me in the selection of the case studies at the start of the project. All three deserve special thanks for the versionlong interviews and personal talks we have had about this research as well as for connecting me with the right people to interview about the conception process. Special thanks to Dr. Trinh Duy Luan and the Institute of Social Sciences which hosted the second workshop for this project. Special thanks to Mr. Pham Thuy Loan, who gave her students free time to help me in this research as assistants, and who helped me to find many of the other hard working assistants as well. And, of course, thanks to all of the assistants, especially Ms.Nguyen Thi Huyen Trang who came to almost all the interviews and after spend long hours transcriped and translated them into English. Ms. Nguyen Thi Thu Thuy for the great work she did in collecting and editing the materials. And a special thanks to Ms. Nguyen Phuong Lien who supported the material collection and helped to outline the final report. A great thanks to Mr. Nguyen Quang Ninh, Mr. Bui Xuan Duong and Mr. Chu Giap who drove all around the city to take beautiful photographs for our case studies. And a great thanks to Ms. Nguyen Thanh Tu who started helping with the materials collection, but left to study in Sydney, Ms. Hoai Linh who helped with the firstnterviews, and Ms. Vo Bang Nga who did the first translations for this project. And last but not least a great thanks to my two Canadian friends Kris Daniels and Adele Parkinson the English editors of this. Aside all the great effort and achievements of this team, I like to thank the company DHV.BV, which in the first half of the project allowed me to conduct this research in the first place. Also, thanks to DHV Vietnam for hosting the first workshop of this project. And I would like to thank the director of this research Prof. Ola Söderström, and the coordinator of the comparative research (Ouagadougou and Hanoi) Blaise Dupuis, of the University of Neuchâtel for facilitating and guiding this research. And last but not least, thanks to the Swiss National Science Fundation, which financially supported this research. provisional vi The globalization of urban forms, second part RESEARCH TEAM Stephanie Geertman (project leader & author) Le Quynh Chi (co-author) Collaborators Dr.
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