Section 1 Ocean Water

Ocean Motion 16 1 Section 1 Ocean Water A. Oceans are important for ______, mineral, and energy ______; ______; and weather and climate. 1. Moist air masses move on land from ______2. Oceans keep some places ______while creating cool, foggy days elsewhere

B. Oceans formed from ______water vapor. 1. Water vapor cooled, condensed into ______. 2. Rain fell and filled low areas on Earth called ______. 3. ______% of earths surface is covered by water

C. Oceans contain gases such as ______, ______, and nitrogen a. Oxygen enters the water directly from the atmosphere and from organism that carry out ______b. Carbon Dioxide enters from the atmosphere and organisms that ______

D. The oceans also contain dissolved salts such as ______, sodium, sulfate, ______, calcium, and potassium ions. 1.Ion is a ______atom or group of atoms 2.Ions come from ______that are dissolved slowly by rivers and groundwater that flows into the ocean

E. Salts 1.Most abundant elements in seawater is ______and ______2.When seawater evaporates these ions combine to form ______3. Sodium and Chlorine make up ______of the ions in seawater 4. When water evaporates sodium and chlorine combine to make the salt ______5. Halite is commonly know as ______6. ______—measure of salts dissolved in seawater 7. One kilogram of ocean water contains about 35 grams of dissolved salts (______%) 8. The elements in the ocean are ______, which means they are added and removed at about the same rate. 9.Desalination is the process of ______salt from seawater. a. Similar to the Water Cycle (Draw the Water Cycle) b. Desalination Plants c.

Section 2 Ocean Currents -______movement, or flow of ocean water

A. ______move the top few hundred meters of water horizontally, like rivers within the ocean. Powered by ______. 1. The ______is the shifting of winds and surface currents from their expected path and is caused by the Earth’s rotation. 2. Image drawing a line straight out from the center of disk to the edge while the disk is ______. 3. Because earth spins to the east, winds appear to curve to the ______4. These winds cause water to ______up in certain parts of the ocean 5. Coriolis effect causes currents north of the equator to turn to the ______6. South of the equator to turn ______7 Much knowledge of surface currents comes from nineteenth-century ______. 8 Items washed up on ______can be used to study currents. 9 East coast surface currents are warm because it is flowing from the ______, West Coast currents are cold because they are flowing from the ______

B. A circulation that brings deep, cold water to the ocean surface is called ______.

C. When a mass of seawater becomes more dense than the surrounding water, a ______forms. 1. Density currents begin in ______and the ______Ocean and flow along the ocean floor towards the equator. a. Ice forms in the Antarctic, but leaves the ______behind in the unfrozen water b. Extra salt increases the ______making it denser. c. Denser water ______to ocean floor and moves slowly toward the equator d. May take ______years to reach the equator 2. An intermediate current forms in the ______Sea. a. Evaporation causes water to become more ______(Salinity) b. Denser water flows out of the Mediterranean at a depth of _____ Meters c. When it reaches the Atlantic Ocean it flows at a depth of ______-______meters 3. Density can be caused by increase in salinity, or ______

Discussion Question What are surface currents?

Section 3 Ocean Waves and Tides A. Wave—rhythmic movement that carries ______through matter or space 1. Waves look like hills and valleys with the ______the highest point and the ______the lowest part. a. Wavelength is the horizontal ______between crests or between troughs of two adjacent waves. b. ______is the vertical distance between crest and trough. c. Half the distance of the wave height is called the ______of the wave d. Amplitude ______is proportional to the amount of energy the wave carries.

2. As a wave passes, only energy moves ______; water particles ______move. a. Water moves around in a ______b. Water below a depth equal to half the wavelength, is not ______by the wave motion 3. A ______is a collapsing wave near the shore. a. ______with the ocean bottom slows water at the bottom of the wave. b. Eventually, the top of the wave out runs the bottom and the wave ______. c. After a wave breaks onto shore, ______pulls the water back into the sea

4. ______forms waves as friction piles water up; wave height depends on wind speed, distance, and time.

B. The rise and fall of sea level, called a ______, is caused by a giant wave produced by the gravitational pull of the Sun and Moon. 1. ______—as the crest of this giant wave approaches shore, the sea level appears to rise.

2. ______—later, as the trough approaches, sea level appears to drop.

3. The ______is the difference between the ocean level at high and low tides. a. Some Atlantic and Pacific Coast of the US experience ______high tides and two low tides per day b. One low tide/high tide cycle takes about ______, a daily cycle of two high tides/two low tides ______(slightly more then a day)

4. Tidal ranges can vary; while most shorelines have tidal ranges between _____ and ______, some have ranges as low as about _____ cm or as high as ______m.

5. A wave that enters a river at rising tide is called a ______. a. Usually found in areas with ______tidal ranges b. When tidal bore enter the river it causes surface water to ______its flow c. In the Amazon River, the tidal bore rushes ______Km upstream at speeds of _____km/h causing a wave ___ meters in height 6. Tides are caused primarily by gravity in the ______system. a. Moons gravity exerts a strong pull on ______and the ______in the oceans b. The water bulges outward as earth and the moon revolve around a ______c. Two bulges of water form, one on the side of the earth ______to the moon and one on the ______side of the earth d. Moons gravity pulls ______on the side closest to the moon e. Where the ocean bulges would be ______, and areas of earths oceans not toward or away from the moon are low tides

7. When the Sun, Earth, and the Moon line up in certain ways, the Sun can strengthen or weaken the Moon’s effects. a. ______- Combine pull of the moon and the sun (higher high tides and lower low tides) b. ______– sun, moon and earth form a right angle (lower high tides and higher low tides)

Discussion Question What factors affect wave height? Discussion Question What gases are in ocean water?