<p>Ocean Motion 16 1 Section 1 Ocean Water A. Oceans are important for ______, mineral, and energy ______; ______; and weather and climate. 1. Moist air masses move on land from ______2. Oceans keep some places ______while creating cool, foggy days elsewhere </p><p>B. Oceans formed from ______water vapor. 1. Water vapor cooled, condensed into ______. 2. Rain fell and filled low areas on Earth called ______. 3. ______% of earths surface is covered by water</p><p>C. Oceans contain gases such as ______, ______, and nitrogen a. Oxygen enters the water directly from the atmosphere and from organism that carry out ______b. Carbon Dioxide enters from the atmosphere and organisms that ______</p><p>D. The oceans also contain dissolved salts such as ______, sodium, sulfate, ______, calcium, and potassium ions. 1.Ion is a ______atom or group of atoms 2.Ions come from ______that are dissolved slowly by rivers and groundwater that flows into the ocean </p><p>E. Salts 1.Most abundant elements in seawater is ______and ______2.When seawater evaporates these ions combine to form ______3. Sodium and Chlorine make up ______of the ions in seawater 4. When water evaporates sodium and chlorine combine to make the salt ______5. Halite is commonly know as ______6. ______—measure of salts dissolved in seawater 7. One kilogram of ocean water contains about 35 grams of dissolved salts (______%) 8. The elements in the ocean are ______, which means they are added and removed at about the same rate. 9.Desalination is the process of ______salt from seawater. a. Similar to the Water Cycle (Draw the Water Cycle) b. Desalination Plants c.</p><p>Section 2 Ocean Currents -______movement, or flow of ocean water </p><p>A. ______move the top few hundred meters of water horizontally, like rivers within the ocean. Powered by ______. 1. The ______is the shifting of winds and surface currents from their expected path and is caused by the Earth’s rotation. 2. Image drawing a line straight out from the center of disk to the edge while the disk is ______. 3. Because earth spins to the east, winds appear to curve to the ______4. These winds cause water to ______up in certain parts of the ocean 5. Coriolis effect causes currents north of the equator to turn to the ______6. South of the equator to turn ______7 Much knowledge of surface currents comes from nineteenth-century ______. 8 Items washed up on ______can be used to study currents. 9 East coast surface currents are warm because it is flowing from the ______, West Coast currents are cold because they are flowing from the ______</p><p>B. A circulation that brings deep, cold water to the ocean surface is called ______.</p><p>C. When a mass of seawater becomes more dense than the surrounding water, a ______forms. 1. Density currents begin in ______and the ______Ocean and flow along the ocean floor towards the equator. a. Ice forms in the Antarctic, but leaves the ______behind in the unfrozen water b. Extra salt increases the ______making it denser. c. Denser water ______to ocean floor and moves slowly toward the equator d. May take ______years to reach the equator 2. An intermediate current forms in the ______Sea. a. Evaporation causes water to become more ______(Salinity) b. Denser water flows out of the Mediterranean at a depth of _____ Meters c. When it reaches the Atlantic Ocean it flows at a depth of ______-______meters 3. Density can be caused by increase in salinity, or ______</p><p>Discussion Question What are surface currents? </p><p>Section 3 Ocean Waves and Tides A. Wave—rhythmic movement that carries ______through matter or space 1. Waves look like hills and valleys with the ______the highest point and the ______the lowest part. a. Wavelength is the horizontal ______between crests or between troughs of two adjacent waves. b. ______is the vertical distance between crest and trough. c. Half the distance of the wave height is called the ______of the wave d. Amplitude ______is proportional to the amount of energy the wave carries.</p><p>2. As a wave passes, only energy moves ______; water particles ______move. a. Water moves around in a ______b. Water below a depth equal to half the wavelength, is not ______by the wave motion 3. A ______is a collapsing wave near the shore. a. ______with the ocean bottom slows water at the bottom of the wave. b. Eventually, the top of the wave out runs the bottom and the wave ______. c. After a wave breaks onto shore, ______pulls the water back into the sea</p><p>4. ______forms waves as friction piles water up; wave height depends on wind speed, distance, and time.</p><p>B. The rise and fall of sea level, called a ______, is caused by a giant wave produced by the gravitational pull of the Sun and Moon. 1. ______—as the crest of this giant wave approaches shore, the sea level appears to rise.</p><p>2. ______—later, as the trough approaches, sea level appears to drop.</p><p>3. The ______is the difference between the ocean level at high and low tides. a. Some Atlantic and Pacific Coast of the US experience ______high tides and two low tides per day b. One low tide/high tide cycle takes about ______, a daily cycle of two high tides/two low tides ______(slightly more then a day)</p><p>4. Tidal ranges can vary; while most shorelines have tidal ranges between _____ and ______, some have ranges as low as about _____ cm or as high as ______m.</p><p>5. A wave that enters a river at rising tide is called a ______. a. Usually found in areas with ______tidal ranges b. When tidal bore enter the river it causes surface water to ______its flow c. In the Amazon River, the tidal bore rushes ______Km upstream at speeds of _____km/h causing a wave ___ meters in height 6. Tides are caused primarily by gravity in the ______system. a. Moons gravity exerts a strong pull on ______and the ______in the oceans b. The water bulges outward as earth and the moon revolve around a ______c. Two bulges of water form, one on the side of the earth ______to the moon and one on the ______side of the earth d. Moons gravity pulls ______on the side closest to the moon e. Where the ocean bulges would be ______, and areas of earths oceans not toward or away from the moon are low tides</p><p>7. When the Sun, Earth, and the Moon line up in certain ways, the Sun can strengthen or weaken the Moon’s effects. a. ______- Combine pull of the moon and the sun (higher high tides and lower low tides) b. ______– sun, moon and earth form a right angle (lower high tides and higher low tides)</p><p>Discussion Question What factors affect wave height? Discussion Question What gases are in ocean water? </p>