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Southeast Farallon Island Arthropod Survey Jeffrey Honda San Jose State University University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida 2017 Southeast Farallon Island arthropod survey Jeffrey Honda San Jose State University Bret Robinson San Jose State University Michael Valainis San Jose State University Rick Vetter University of California Riverside Jaime Jahncke Point Blue Conservation Science Petaluma, CA Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Entomology Commons Honda, Jeffrey; Robinson, Bret; Valainis, Michael; Vetter, Rick; and Jahncke, Jaime, "Southeast Farallon Island arthropod survey" (2017). Insecta Mundi. 1037. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/1037 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. INSECTA MUNDI A Journal of World Insect Systematics 0532 Southeast Farallon Island arthropod survey Jeffrey Honda San Jose State University, Department of Entomology San Jose, CA 95192 USA Bret Robinson San Jose State University, Department of Entomology San Jose, CA 95192 USA Michael Valainis San Jose State University, Department of Entomology San Jose, CA 95192 USA Rick Vetter University of California Riverside, Department of Entomology Riverside, CA 92521 USA Jaime Jahncke Point Blue Conservation Science 3820 Cypress Drive #11 Petaluma, CA 94954 USA Date of Issue: March 31, 2017 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL Jeffrey Honda, Bret Robinson, Michael Valainis, Rick Vetter, and Jaime Jahncke Southeast Farallon Island arthropod survey Insecta Mundi 0532: 1–15 ZooBank Registered: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:516A503A-78B9-4D2A-9B16-477DD2D6A58E Published in 2017 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P. O. Box 141874 Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 USA http://centerforsystematicentomology.org/ Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non-marine arthropod. Topics considered for publication include systematics, taxonomy, nomenclature, checklists, faunal works, and natural history. Insecta Mundi will not consider works in the applied sciences (i.e. medical entomology, pest control research, etc.), and no longer publishes book reviews or editorials. Insecta Mundi publishes original research or discoveries in an inexpensive and timely manner, distributing them free via open access on the internet on the date of publication. Insecta Mundi is referenced or abstracted by several sources including the Zoological Record, CAB Ab- stracts, etc. Insecta Mundi is published irregularly throughout the year, with completed manuscripts assigned an individual number. Manuscripts must be peer reviewed prior to submission, after which they are reviewed by the editorial board to ensure quality. One author of each submitted manuscript must be a current member of the Center for Systematic Entomology. Chief Editor: David Plotkin, e-mail: [email protected] Assistant Editor: Paul E. Skelley, e-mail: [email protected] Head Layout Editor: Eugenio H. Nearns Editorial Board: J. H. Frank, M. J. Paulsen, Michael C. Thomas Review Editors: Listed on the Insecta Mundi webpage Manuscript Preparation Guidelines and Submission Requirements available on the Insecta Mundi web- page at: http://centerforsystematicentomology.org/insectamundi/ Printed copies (ISSN 0749-6737) annually deposited in libraries: CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia Museu de Zoologia, São Paulo, Brazil Agriculture and Agrifood Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada The Natural History Museum, London, UK Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, Warsaw, Poland National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL, USA Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia Electronic copies (Online ISSN 1942-1354, CDROM ISSN 1942-1362) in PDF format: Printed CD or DVD mailed to all members at end of year. Archived digitally by Portico. Florida Virtual Campus: http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/insectamundi University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Digital Commons: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/ Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-135240 Copyright held by the author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Com- mons, Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Layout Editor for this article: Eugenio H. Nearns 0532: 1–15 2017 Southeast Farallon Island arthropod survey Jeffrey Honda San Jose State University, Department of Entomology San Jose, CA 95192 USA (408) 924-4877 [email protected] Bret Robinson San Jose State University, Department of Entomology San Jose, CA 95192 USA Michael Valainis San Jose State University, Department of Entomology San Jose, CA 95192 USA Rick Vetter University of California Riverside, Department of Entomology Riverside, CA 92521 USA Jaime Jahncke Point Blue Conservation Science 3820 Cypress Drive #11 Petaluma, CA 94954 USA Abstract. Effective island conservation depends on thorough biodiversity surveys and species assessment. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in coordination with Point Blue Conservation Science undertook a two-year insect survey of the Farallon Islands, California, in order to catalog current insect and spider species on the island and to gather information that will be used to examine prey dynamics to aid in the conservation of the endemic sala- mander Aneides lugubris (Hallowell). The report lists 11 insect orders representing 60 families, 107 genera and 112 insect species on Southeast Farallon Island. Holometabolous orders were the most represented on the island with Coleoptera and Diptera being the most abundant, followed by Lepidoptera and Diptera. One spider order was identifi ed, representing six genera and six species. Key Words. Insect diversity, island ecology, insect catalog, California Introduction Insects are a diverse group with over 1 million described species (May 2002) and estimates show that there could be as many as 30 million insect species still undescribed (Erwin 1982). They play crucial roles in food chains, decomposition, pollination, and other direct/indirect species interactions within their ecosystems (Chua et al. 2007). It is crucial that insects are catalogued and described in order to further study the intricacies of their role and interactions in the ecosystem and to better understand their biodiversity and their importance in conservation strategies. An insect survey is a necessary component for any investigative island assessment in examining biodiversity. For example, island studies have occurred around the world from the Socotra Archipelago in Africa (Batelka 2012), Borrow Island in Australia (Callan et al. 2011), to Yeonpyeong-do Island in Korea (Park et al. 2012), and the Channel Islands in the United States (Rubinoff and Powell 2004). Island ecosystems are greatly infl uenced by a number of factors. For example, human induced plant and animal introductions are common for islands that are close to a mainland, and may negatively im- pact populations of native island fl ora and fauna. For example, ant invasions on the Galapagos Islands (Herrera et al. 2013) and Cocos Islands (Neville et al. 2008) decimated native vegetation while Rubinoff and Powell (2004) observed that human introduced non-native grasses on the Channel Islands quickly displaced endemic plant species. 2 • INSECTA MUNDI 0532, March 2017 HONDA ET AL. Furthermore, an island’s proximity and size are important factors when looking at diversity and colonization (MacArthur and Wilson 2001). Along with the human action of intentional and acciden- tal species introduction, proximity allows for natural insect immigration (Rubinoff and Powell 2004). The size of an island also correlates to species diversity as larger islands can support a higher level of diversity (MacArthur and Wilson 2001). Rates of succession mean that smaller islands may have more species turnover than larger islands (MacArthur and Wilson 2001). Island ecosystems are infl uenced by geology including soil type and rock cover as well as cave struc- tures and a diversity of other microhabitats that accommodate specifi c species. Geologic factors such as these can be informative as to the types of insects that may be collected (Batelka 2012), including cave or ground insects that require rock cover for shelter. Hence, geological diversity and vegetation community habitats together may greatly affect biodiversity. The Farallon National Wildlife Refuge, a granite island chain that is part of the Salinian Block (Harden 1998), is located approximately 48 km off the coast of San Francisco, California. The chain is made up of small islands that stretch over roughly 8 km with a total land area of 0.41 km2. Southeast Farallon Island is the largest at 0.31 km2. It is the only human inhabited island and therefore
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