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Premio Tesi Di Dottorato – 24 – premio tesi di dottorato – 24 – PREMIO TESI DI DOTTORATO Commissione giudicatrice, anno 2011 Luigi Lotti, Facoltà di Scienze Politiche (Presidente della Commissione) Tito Arecchi, Facoltà di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Naturali Paolo Felli, Facoltà di Architettura Michele Arcangelo Feo, Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia Roberto Genesio, Facoltà di Ingegneria Mario Pio Marzocchi, Facoltà di Farmacia Salvo Mastellone, Facoltà di Scienze della Formazione Luciano Mecacci, Facoltà di Psicologia Adolfo Pazzagli, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia Mario Giuseppe Rossi, Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia Salvatore Ruggieri, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia Piero Tani, Facoltà di Economia Franco Scaramuzzi, Facoltà di Agraria Fiorenzo Cesare Ugolini, Facoltà di Agraria Vincenzo Varano, Facoltà di Giurisprudenza Stefania Acciaioli Il trompe-l’œil letterario, ovvero il sorriso ironico nell’opera di Wilhelm Hauff Firenze University Press 2012 Il trompe-l’œil letterario, ovvero il sorriso ironico nell’opera di Wilhelm Hauff / Stefania Acciaioli. – Firenze : Firenze University Press , 2012. (Premio Tesi di Dottorato ; 24) http: //digital. casalini. it/9788866552253 ISBN 978-88-6655-224-6 (print) ISBN 978-88-6655-225-3 (online) Progetto grafico di Alberto Pizarro Fernández, Pagina Maestra s.n.c. Immagine di copertina: Pere Borrell del Caso (1835-1910), Huyendo de la critica [In fuga dalla critica], 1874, © Colección del Banco de Espana Certificazione scientifica delle Opere Tutti i volumi pubblicati sono soggetti ad un processo di referaggio esterno di cui sono responsabili il Consiglio editoriale della FUP e i Consigli scientifici delle singole collane. Le opere pubblicate nel catalogo della FUP sono valutate e approvate dal Consiglio editoriale della casa editrice. Per una descrizione più analitica del processo di referaggio si rimanda ai documenti ufficiali pubblicati sul sito-catalogo della casa editrice (http://www.fupress.com). Consiglio editoriale Firenze University Press G. Nigro (Coordinatore), M.T. Bartoli, M. Boddi, F. Cambi, R. Casalbuoni, C. Ciappei, R. Del Punta, A. Dolfi, V. Fargion, S. Ferrone, M. Garzaniti, P. Guarnieri, G. Mari, M. Marini, M. Verga, A. Zorzi. © 2012 Firenze University Press Università degli Studi di Firenze Firenze University Press Borgo Albizi, 28 50122 Firenze, Italy http://www.fupress.com/ Printed in Italy Pere Borrell del Caso (1835–1910), Huyendo de la critica [In fuga dalla critica], 1874, dipinto su tela, cm 76 X 63, Madrid, Colección del Banco de España. Sommario Ringraziamenti xv Premessa di Ingrid Hennemann Barale xvii Introduzione xix Capitolo 1 Wilhelm Hauff e il suo tempo 1 1. Il ‘caso’ Hauff: una controversa ricezione 1 2. Una problematica contestualizzazione 14 2.1. «Ungleichzeitigkeit des Gleichzeitigen»: l’accelerazione verso la modernità e la svolta realistica, la Biedermeierzeit come Wende. 15 2.2. Il Märchen e la questione del fantastico 29 2.3. L’orientalismo: topografie dello sguardo sull’Altro. Hauff ‘occidentale-orientale’. 49 Capitolo 2 La poetica hauffiana: «unser Dichter ist wie ein großer Musiker…» 67 1. I fondamenti estetico-poetologici hauffiani: Mitteilungen aus den Memoiren des Satan, Briefe e altri scritti 68 2. I saggi giornalistici come specchio critico dei romanzi 85 2.1. Lichtenstein ovvero la querelle sul romanzo storico 86 2.2. Der Mann im Mond: «eine literarische Affäre» 118 3. La forza centrifuga della storia, ruolo del motto e della cornice: le novelle 133 Capitolo 3 ‘Dal trompe-l’œil all’anamorfosi’: il fantastico-ironico hauffiano nei Märchen-Almanachen e la serpentina occidentale-orientale 159 1. Märchen als Almanach e i tre racconti-cornice: ovvero dissimulazione e travestimento 160 2. Die Karawane: il primo almanacco come meraviglioso esotico? 169 3. Der Scheik von Alessandria und seine Sklaven: la peculiarità del secondo almanacco 185 4. Das Wirtshaus im Spessart: l’approdo in Svevia? 203 Conclusione 217 Stefania Acciaioli, Il trompe-l’œil letterario, ovvero il sorriso ironico nell’opera di Wilhelm Hauff, ISBN 978-88-6655- 224-6 (print), ISBN 978-88-6655-225-3 (online), © 2012 Firenze University Press VIII Il trompe l’œil letterario Appendice 219 Bibliografia 223 Indice dei nomi 239 Survey 249 Übersicht 251 Hans Holbein The Young (1497-1543), Jean de Dinteville and Georges de Selve (‘The Ambassa- dors’), 1533, oil on oak, cm 207 x 209.5, © The National Gallery, London. «Sforzasi il dipintore che la figura dipinta […] da sé, la quale non è altro che un poco di colore con certo artificio posto sopra una tavola, sia tanto simile […] a quella la quale la natura ha prodotta […] che essa possa gli occhi de’ raguardanti o in parte o in tutto ingannare facendo di sé credere che ella sia quello che ella non è». (G. Boccaccio) «Terribile ed awful è la potenza del riso; chi ha il coraggio di ridere, è padrone degli altri, come chi ha il coraggio di morire». (G. Leopardi) «Satire is a sort of glass, wherein the beholders do generally discover everybody’s face but their own». (J. Swift) Alla mia famiglia, al mio fidanzato e al mio mentore Giorgio Ringraziamenti In primo luogo vorrei ringraziare le Professoresse Hennemann Barale e Geulen, per avermi accompagnato con entusiasmo, costante attenzione e grande disponibilità durante tutto l’arco del lavoro. Ringrazio, inoltre, l’intero collegio docenti di Firenze e Bonn, per l’interesse e l’apprezzamento dimostrati verso le mie ricerche e i preziosi con- sigli ricevuti. La mia riconoscenza non può dimenticare gli stimoli avuti grazie ai collo- qui con i Prof. Lauer, Huber, Foi e Agazzi durante la Summer School di Villa Vigoni del 2007, con il Prof. Tellini, conosciuto in occasione del suo seminario a Bonn nel 2008, con la Dr.ssa Gini e la Prof.ssa Mazza dell’Università di Pavia. Altri ringraziamenti sono dovuti, inoltre, a tutti gli altri docenti incontrati ai convegni di Bologna e Stuttgart, tra cui, in particolare, il Prof. Oesterle e la PD Dr. Potthast, che mi hanno fornito interes- santi spunti di riflessione, e al Prof. Bertozzi per avermi inviato uno dei pochi contribu- ti italiani su Hauff. La mia più sentita gratitudine va, infine, al Dr. Mojem, per avermi aperto tutte le porte dell’archivio di Marbach e mostrato i preziosi Nachlässe hauffiani contenuti nel DLA. Stefania Acciaioli, Il trompe-l’œil letterario, ovvero il sorriso ironico nell’opera di Wilhelm Hauff, ISBN 978-88-6655- 224-6 (print), ISBN 978-88-6655-225-3 (online), © 2012 Firenze University Press Premessa La ricerca documentata e intelligente, rigorosa e al tempo stesso ricca di spunti ori- ginali, con cui Stefania Acciaioli si propone al pubblico degli studiosi, merita di essere considerata non soltanto la prima rilettura globale dell’opera di Wilhelm Hauff, ma an- che un primo e riuscito tentativo di risalire la corrente di una sua ricezione critica a dir poco ingenerosa, costellata di lacune e fraintendimenti il cui effetto più vistoso è stato quello di confinarlo nel sottobosco di una letteratura marginale, povera di motivazioni e priva di prospettive, destinata a esaurirsi nell’orizzonte epigonale di un’epoca di tran- sizione e ristagno quale il Biedermeier tende oggi ad apparirci. Sintomatici dello stato attuale della Hauff-Forschung l’Acciaioli giustamente considera i giudizi lapidari con cui H. Koopmann ha accompagnato la sua edizione critica dei Sämtliche Werke (München, Winkler, 1970), nella cui postfazione scrive che «la storia della letteratura ha archiviato il suo caso» e che […] «il giudizio emesso è tale che una seria ricerca su Hauff è prati- camente esclusa». Muovendo da giudizi come questi, si mostra quale ne sia il retroterra: l’incapa- cità di recuperare l’ispirazione unitaria di un lascito multiforme che in nessuna delle sue forme (romanzi, novelle, Märchen) può risultare all’altezza delle proprie intenzio- ni quando la chiave di lettura sia quella, tradizionalmente prevalente, di una Quellen- forschung destinata a distrarci da quanto di comune sottintendono: da una poetica che esige di essere come tale ricostruita e dal cui riconoscimento non si può prescindere quando non si voglia privare un’opera quale che sia di suoi significati che meramente occasionali non debbano essere considerati. Proprio su questo punto decisivo lo studio di S. Acciaioli si distingue da ogni altro precedente, perché è il primo a mostrare che non dall’assunzione e imitazione di mo- delli estemporanei, ma da una chiara idea della realtà in cui operava e del contesto di cui, da scrittore operando, era tenuto a farsi carico, Hauff ha fatto nascere le proprie opere: da una poetica, appunto, riconoscibile nella consapevolezza che di se stesso ha avuto quale scrittore moderno che guarda il presente attraverso le «lenti diaboliche» dell’ironia e nel recupero di una scrittura satirica di matrice illuministica che l’Acciaio- li ritrova e ci aiuta a ritrovare in ogni momento della sua produzione letteraria e di cui si avvale per una reinterpretazione dell’intera sua opera, dei suoi romanzi e delle sue novelle, ma anche dei suoi Märchen, mostrando al tempo stesso con quali tratti distin- tivi si inserisca in un filone carsico della prosa umoristica che da Sterne arriva a Heine passando per Jean Paul. Questi esiti del suo primo capitolo rappresentano uno dei contributi più origina- li fra i tanti che questa monografia ha saputo offrirci. Ma non meno originali devono ritenersi alcuni dei passaggi che l’hanno consentito o comprovato come, a esempio, la riscoperta e interpretazione (nel secondo capitolo) di un romanzo anonimo pratica- Stefania Acciaioli, Il trompe-l’œil letterario, ovvero il sorriso ironico nell’opera di Wilhelm Hauff, ISBN 978-88-6655- 224-6 (print), ISBN 978-88-6655-225-3 (online), © 2012 Firenze University Press XVIII Il trompe l’œil letterario mente ignorato dalla critica, Mittheilungen aus den Memoiren des Satan, quale testo fondante della poetica hauffiana della Umkleidung e Umkodierung, ovvero di una tec- nica simultaneamente realistica e ironica, perché mirata a una riproduzione fedele dei supposti modelli, siano essi letterari o politico-sociali e, contemporaneamente, alla cre- azione di uno scarto che permette di rovesciarli nel loro contrario e svuotarli dal loro interno.
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