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Slovakia's Righteous Among the Nations
Slovakia’s Righteous among the Nations Gila Fatran Slovak-Jewish relations, an important factor in the rescue of Jews during the Holocaust, were influenced in no small part by events that took place in the latter third of the 19th century. That century saw the national awakening of oppressed nations. The Slovak nation, ruled by the Hungarians for 1,000 years, was struggling at the time for its national existence. The creation of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy led in 1867 to the granting of equal civil rights to the Jews in the empire in the assumption that they would assimilate nationally and culturally into the state. At the same time the Hungarian leaders stepped up their suppression of the Slovak nation. The integration of the Jews into the developing economic and cultural life and the continued improvement in their situation alongside the suppression of the aspirations of the Slovaks, were used by the political and church representatives of the Slovak nation to fan the flames of Jew-hatred and to blame the Jews for the difficult lot of the Slovak People. During this period many Slovak publications also addressed the existence of a “Jewish Question” in a negative sense: blaming the Jews for all of the Slovak society’s ills. During this era, one of the central reasons behind the rise of Slovak antisemitism was the economic factor. At the same time, the slogan “Svoj k svojmu,” which, freely translated, means “Buy only from your own people,” registered a series of “successes” in neighboring countries. However, when nationalists, using this motto, launched a campaign to persuade Slovaks to boycott Jewish-owned shops, their efforts proved unsuccessful. -
Bratislava 2020
VEDECKÝ INTERNETOVÝ ČASOPIS KATEDRY HISTÓRIE PEDAGOGICKEJ FAKULTY UNIVERZITY KOMENSKÉHO V BRATISLAVE 1/2020 Bratislava 2020 VERBUM HISTORIAE 1/2020 Bratislava 2020 2 VERBUM HISTORIAE 1/2020 1/2020 Vedecký internetový časopis Katedry histórie Pedagogickej fakulty UK v Bratislave - http://www.fedu.uniba.sk/sucasti/katedry/katedra-historie/casopis- verbum-historiae/ - http://verbum-historiae.blogspot.sk/ [email protected] Editori: Mgr. Miriam Viršinská, PhD. Mgr. Pavol Makyna, PhD. Redakčná rada: prof. PhDr. Róbert Letz, PhD. – predseda (Univerzita Komenského, Bratislava) prof. PhDr. Július Bartl, CSc. (Univerzita Komenského, Bratislava) prof. Zdeněk Beneš, CSc. (Univerzita Karlova, Praha) PhDr. Anna Bocková, PhD. (Univerzita Komenského, Bratislava) doc. Mgr. Ing. arch. Andrej Botek, PhD. (Slovenské technická univerzita, Bratislava) dr. Jure Gašparič, PhD. (Ústav najnovších dejín, Ľubľana) dr. Jaromir Jeszke (Univerzita Adama Mickiewicza, Poznaň) doc. PhDr. Miroslav Kamenický, CSc. (Univerzita Komenského, Bratislava) Mgr. Pavol Makyna, PhD. (Univerzita Komenského, Bratislava) doc. Pavol Matula, PhD. (Univerzita Komenského, Bratislava) PhDr. Michal Pehr, Ph.D. (Masarykov ústav a archív Akadémie vied ČR, Praha) doc. Ondrej Podolec, PhD. (Univerzita Komenského, Bratislava) prof. Alain Soubigou (Parížska univerzita, Paríž) Mgr. Monika Tihányiová, PhD. (Univerzita Komenského, Bratislava) PhDr. Mária Tonková, Csc. (Univerzita Komenského, Bratislava) PhDr. et PeadDr. Marek Šmíd, PhD. (Jihočeská univerzita, České Budějovice) Mgr. Miriam Viršinská, PhD. (Univerzita Komenského, Bratislava) Recenzenti: Prof. PhDr. Róbert Letz, PhD., Mgr. Martin Garek, PhD., PhDr. Milica Majeriková- Molitoris, PhD. Grafická úprava: Mgr. Pavol Makyna, PhD. © Vydáva Katedra histórie, Pedagogická fakulta Univerzity Komenského, Račianska 59, Bratislava Vychádza 2x ročne, 8. ročník ISSN: 1339-4053 (online) Fotografia na titulnej strane: Nádražná ulica v Malackách na začiatku 20. storočia (zdroj: https://gallery.hungaricana.hu/en/SzerencsKepeslap/1368939/?img=0). -
MODERN ANTISEMITISM in the VISEGRÁD COUNTRIES Edited By: Ildikó Barna and Anikó Félix
MODERN ANTISEMITISM IN THE VISEGRÁD COUNTRIES Edited by: Ildikó Barna and Anikó Félix First published 2017 By the Tom Lantos Institute 1016 Budapest, Bérc utca 13-15. Supported by 2017 Tom Lantos Institute All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. ISBN 978-615-80159-4-3 Peer reviewed by Mark Weitzman Copy edited by Daniel Stephens Printed by Firefly Outdoor Media Kft. The text does not necessarily represent in every detail the collective view of the Tom Lantos Institute. CONTENTS 01 02 Ildikó Barna and Anikó Félix CONTRIBUTORS 6 INTRODUCTION 9 03 Veronika Šternová 04 Ildikó Barna THE CZECH REPUBLIC 19 HUNGARY 47 I. BACKGROUND 20 I. BACKGROUND 48 II. ANTISEMITISM: II. ANTISEMITISM: ACTORS AND MANIFESTATIONS 27 ACTORS AND MANIFESTATIONS 57 III. CONCLUSIONS 43 III. CONCLUSIONS 74 05 Rafal Pankowski 06 Grigorij Mesežnikov POLAND 79 SLOVAKIA 105 I. BACKGROUND 80 I. BACKGROUND 106 II. ANTISEMITISM: II. ANTISEMITISM: ACTORS AND MANIFESTATIONS 88 ACTORS AND MANIFESTATIONS 111 III. CONCLUSIONS 102 III. CONCLUSIONS 126 The Tom Lantos Institute (TLI) is its transmission to younger gener- an independent human and minori- ations. Working with local commu- ty rights organization with a par- nities to explore and educate Jewish ticular focus on Jewish and Roma histories contributes to countering communities, Hungarian minori- antisemitism. The research of con- ties, and other ethnic or national, temporary forms of antisemitism is linguistic and religious minori- a flagship project of the Institute. -
The Catholic Church in the Czech Lands During the Nazi
STUDIA HUMANITATIS JOURNAL, 2021, 1 (1), pp. 192-208 ISSN: 2792-3967 DOI: https://doi.org/10.53701/shj.v1i1.22 Artículo / Article THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE CZECH LANDS DURING THE NAZI OCCUPATION IN 1939–1945 AND AFTER1 LA IGLESIA CATÓLICA EN LOS TERRITORIOS CHECOS DURANTE LA OCUPACIÓN NAZI ENTRE LOS AÑOS 1939–1945 Y DESPUÉS Marek Smid Charles University, Czech Republic ORCID: 0000-0001-8613-8673 [email protected] | Abstract | This study addresses the religious persecution in the Czech lands (Bohemia, Moravia and Czech Silesia) during World War II, when these territories were part of the Bohemian and Moravian Protectorate being occupied by Nazi Germany. Its aim is to demonstrate how the Catholic Church, its hierarchy and its priests acted as relevant patriots who did not hesitate to stand up to the occupying forces and express their rejection of their procedures. Both the domestic Catholic camp and the ties abroad towards the Holy See and its representation will be analysed. There will also be presented the personalities of priests, who became the victims of the Nazi rampage in the Czech lands at the end of the study. The basic method consists of a descriptive analysis that takes into account the comparative approach of the spiritual life before and after the occupation. Furthermore, the analytical-synthetic method will be used, combined with the subsequent interpretation of the findings. An additional method, not always easy to apply, is hermeneutics, i.e., the interpretation of socio-historical phenomena in an effort to reveal the uniqueness of the analysed texts and sources and emphasize their singularity in the cultural and spiritual development of Czech Church history in the first half of the 20th century. -
The Migration Crisis and the European Union: the Effects of the Syrian Refugee Crisis to the European Union
The Migration Crisis and the European Union: The Effects of the Syrian Refugee Crisis to the European Union Diane Faie O. Valenzuela 2014-05015 Political Science 172, MHB Professor Carl Marc Ramota Abstract In this paper, I will be discussing about the Syrian refugee crisis in the European Union. The Syrian refugee crisis, which is currently being experienced in European countries is said to be the one of the largest forced migrations since World War II. More and more refugees are heading towards European countries which are renowned to have good living conditions despite the perilous journey wherein thousands have died and face very inhumane conditions in getting to their destination. Because of this, the European Union has begun to undergo measures to help control the influx of refugees, most of which are at the cost of these refugees' safety. Keywords: Syrian Refugees, Migration Crisis, European Countries, European Union, Syrian Civil War The Syrian Conflict In February 2011, there were protests which erupted in the Southern city of Dar’a as a response to the apprehension of 15 middle school aged boys who had spray painted the common Arab slogan of the protests which bears pro-democracy slogans, wanting the ouster of the Syrian President, Bashar al-Assad (Abboud, 2016). The protests at first simply wanted the Government to release the boys including political prisoners, but later began to evolve towards anti-regime tones which targeted the emergency laws, poor socio economic conditions, corruption, police brutality, and indiscriminate detention (Abboud, 2016). Dar’a began to experience the first protests of the Syrian uprising which was then called ‘Day of Anger’ on February 17, 2011 (Abboud, 2016). -
FMA Visit to Bratislava in Context of Slovak Presidency
2016 FMA Visit to Bratislava in context of Slovak Presidency 7- 8 NOVEMBER 2016 FMA Secretariat Office JAN 2Q73 European Parliament B-1047 Brussels Tel: +322.284.07.03 Fax: +332.284.09.89 E-mail: [email protected] Elisabetta FONCK Mobile phone : +32.473.646.746746 INDEX I. The Slovak EU Presidency 2016 ....................................................................................... 5 1. Priority Dossiers under the Slovak EU Council Presidency ................................... 7 2. Programme of the Presidency ........................................................................... 17 3. Slovak Presidency priorities discussed in parliamentary committees................. 53 4. Contributions of the LV COSAC........................................................................... 57 II. Political system in Slovakia .......................................................................................... 63 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 65 2. National Council and Parliamentary elections’ result ........................................ 67 2.1 NDI 2016. Parliamentary elections result ............................................. 79 2.2 The 2016 elections in Slovakia: a shock ............................................... 85 2.3 OSCE/ODIHR Election Assessment Mission Final Report ...................... 87 III. Economy in Slovakia ................................................................................................ -
Download/Print the Study in PDF Format
GENERAL ELECTIONS IN SLOVAKIA 29th February 2020 European Can Robert Fico’s Direction- Elections Monitor Social Democracy remain in office in Slovakia? Corinne Deloy Analysis Slovaks are being called to the polls on 29 February to the resignation in March 2018 of Prime Minister Robert renew the 150 members of the National Council of the Fico, two ministers and the police chief. Republic (Narodna rada Slovenskej republiky), the only house of parliament. This election is an «important test The vote comes at the same time as the trial of for the country,» said political analyst Tomas Koziak. businessman Marian Kocner, who was arrested and «Will the electorate vote for parties that try to limit imprisoned in October 2018 for the double murder of democracy, compromise democratic ideas, or will they Kuciak and Kusnirova. Kocner, is also being prosecuted for turn to parties that oppose such practices?” The poll is dubious financial transactions and tax evasion, together taking place in an atmosphere of protest against the with three other people, the two killers, one of whom is authorities in power - and in particular the political class a former soldier, who has confessed to the murder, as - accused of corruption on the one hand, and the threat well as Alena Szuzsova, one of the businessman’s loyal of a vote in favour of the far-right nationalists united in associates, who are accused of acting as intermediaries. the People’s Party-Our Slovakia (LSNS) led by Marian The defendants face sentences ranging from 25 years to Kotleba on the other. This has also led to the creation life imprisonment. -
La Revue | 1/2021
#01 Populisme La revue | 1/2021 Le premier numéro de Populisme reprend uniquement et exclusivement des articles consacrés au populisme déjà publiés ailleurs et dont les auteurs ont conservé les droits. Il valorise des articles plus anciens mais mis à jour partiellement ou totalement en 2021 ; des articles plus anciens inchangés mais précédés d’un texte introductif qui remet dans le contexte actuel l’article publié par le passé, par exemple en insistant sur les évolutions qui ont suivi la publication. Ce premier numéro de Populisme valorise aussi des articles publiés dans une langue mais inédit dans une autre à l’issue d’une traduction. À travers ces trois formules, ce numéro de lancement vise à donner une deuxième vie à des contributions plus anciennes. Populisme La revue | 1/2021 Presses Universitaires de Liège Tél. : +32 (4) 366 50 22 Courriel : [email protected] Place de La République française, 41 Bât. O1 (7e étage) 4000 Liège – Belgium Site : www.presses.uliege.be © 2021 Tous droits de reproduction, d’adaptation et de traduction réservés pour tous pays Maquette de couverture et mise en page : Thierry MOZDZIEJ Populisme La revue | 1/2021 Presses Universitaires de Liège à PROPOS La revue Populisme est une initiative du Professeur Jérôme Jamin et de son centre d’études Démocratie en partenariat avec les Presses Universitaires de Liège. Multidisciplinaire et interdisciplinaire par essence, elle propose deux nu- méros thématiques par an. Direction - Jérôme Jamin Secrétariat de rédaction - François Debras Mise en page - Thierry Mozdziej -
Disinformation, Euroskepticism and Pro-Russian Parties in Eastern Europe
disinformation, Euroskepticism and pro-Russian Parties in Eastern Europe Maria Snegovaya Disinformation, Euroskepticism and pro-Russian Parties in Eastern Europe 1 Disinformation, Euroskepticism and pro-Russian Parties in Eastern Europe FREE RUSSIA FOUNDATION 20 21 Free Russia Foundation Author Maria Snegovaya Editor-in-Chief Anton Shekhovtsov Proofreading Courtney Dobson, Bluebearediting Layout Free Russia Designs CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 6 ANTI-EU SENTIMENT AS RUSSIA’S 7 GEOPOLITICAL TOOL CLASSIFYING PRO-RUSSIAN PARTIES 8 VULNERABLE GROUPS AND HYPOTHESIS 11 RESEARCH DESIGN 13 FINDINGS 15 CONCLUSION 19 REFERENCES 20 ABOUT AUTHOR Maria Snegovaya Postdoctoral Fellow at Virginia Tech (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University), Visiting Fellow at George Washington Uni- versity ABSTRACT What social groups support pro-Russian parties in Eastern Europe? This paper demonstrates that pro-Russian parties in Eastern Europe tend to have electorates with significantly more Euroskeptic attitudes than voter bases of mainstream parties. Importantly, support for pro-Russian parties is not related to an individual’s ideological (right or left) leanings. Because of their Euroskeptic attitudes, social groups supporting pro-Russian parties are far more susceptible to disinformation and, in particular, the anti-EU narratives spread by the Kremlin. These findings explain the endorsement of pro-Russian narratives and social attitudes which are indirectly favorable to the Kremlin by political leaders whose electorates harbor anti-Western sympathies. It also sheds light on the nature of Russia’s information opera- tions that seem to be opportunistic rather than ideological in nature, but also limited in scope by the structural conditions in targeted societies. Disinformation, Euroskepticism and pro-Russian Parties in Eastern Europe 5 INTRODUCTION In recent years, accumulating evidence has exposed the Kremlin’s active measures campaign in Europe, which consists of a set of efforts to weaken European democracies. -
Vulnerabilityindex
VulnerabilitySUBVERSIVE RUSSIAN INFLUENCE IN CENTRAL EUROPE Index 100 100 100 100 51 57 38 30 CZECH REPUBLIC SLOVAKIA HUNGARY POLAND Credits Globsec Policy Institute, Klariská 14, Bratislava, Slovakia www.globsec.org GLOBSEC Policy Institute (formerly the Central European Policy Institute) carries out research, analytical and communication activities related to impact of strategic communication and propaganda aimed at changing the perception and attitudes of the general population in Central European countries. Authors: Daniel Milo, Senior Research Fellow, GLOBSEC Policy Institute Katarína Klingová, Research Fellow, GLOBSEC Policy Institute With contributions from: Kinga Brudzinska (GLOBSEC Policy Institute), Jakub Janda, Veronika Víchová (European Values, Czech Republic), Csaba Molnár, Bulcsu Hunyadi (Political Capital Institute, Hungary), Andriy Korniychuk, Łukasz Wenerski (Institute of Public Affairs, Poland) Layout: Peter Mandík, GLOBSEC This publication and research was supported by the National Endowment for Democracy. © GLOBSEC Policy Institute 2017 The GLOBSEC Policy Institute and the National Endowment for Democracy assume no responsibility for facts or opinions expressed in this publication or their subsequent use. Sole responsibility lies with the authors of this publication. Table of Contents Executive Summary 4 Country Overview 7 Methodology 9 Thematic Overview 10 1. Public Perception 10 2. Political Landscape 15 3. Media 22 4. State Countermeasures 27 5. Civil Society 32 Best Practices 38 Vulnerability Index Executive Summary CZECH REPUBLIC: 38 POLAND: 30 PUBLIC PERCEPTION 36 20 POLITICAL LANDSCAPE 47 28 MEDIA 34 35 STATE COUNTERMEASURES 23 33 CIVIL SOCIETY 40 53 SLOVAKIA: 51 53 HUNGARY: 57 50 31 40 78 78 60 39 80 45 The Visegrad group countries in Central Europe (Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic and Slovakia – V4) are often perceived as a regional bloc of nations sharing similar aspirations, aims and challenges. -
American and Vatican Reactions to the Tiso Trial
AMERICAN AND VATICAN REACTIONS TO THE TISO TRIAL By Walter U11 mann The trial and subsequent execution of Mgr. Jozef Tiso, one-time president of Slovakia, caused considerable commotion in certain American circles. In parti- cular, it affected the sentiments of some Americans of Slovak origin who, for the most part, viewed the sentence as unjust and considered the execution of a Catholic preláte a simple act of revenge by an atheist, Communist-dominated government. The following is an attempt to trace briefly the events leading up to Tiso's trial and to examine American reactions to them, both in official circles and among spokesmen of various Slovak-American organizations in the United States, as well as their American Sponsors. As will be seen, the official American position differed sharply from the position of most of the various individuals and groups which sponsored Tiso's cause in the United States. Washingtons refusal to intervene in Prague on behalf of the accu- sed lends itself to the potential charge that responsible U. S. officials were both influenced and misinformed by Prague and its Washington embassy and that the true nature of Tiso and his independent administration during World War II had been obscured. While it is certainly correct to say that the Czechoslovak Embassy in Washington and, for that matter, the Prague government presented their case as they saw it, there is no evidence that American unwillingness to come to Tiso's aid was motivated by the official Czechoslovak position. Rather, the extant docu mentation suggests that Washington steered an independent course and did not permit itself to be influenced by either Communist exaggerations or exiled pro- Tiso elements. -
Predkladacia Správa
Predkladacia správa Dovoľte, aby sme navrhli udeliť CENU ANDREJA HLINKU prominentnej osobnosti slovenskej historiografie, zvlášť Slovákov v zahraničí, prof. Ing. Františkovi Vnukovi, rodákovi z Červeného Hrádku (*8. 4. 1926) v okrese Zlaté Moravce, členovi Slovenského ústavu v Ríme, historikovi, vysokoškolskému pedagógovi a spisovateľovi, občanovi Slovenskej republiky a občanovi Austrálskeho zväzu, žijúcemu na odpočinku v Adelaide, South Australia. František Vnuk emigroval v roku 1949 a usadil sa v Austrálii. Popri profesijnom pôsobení – celý svoj aktívny život prednášal metalurgiu na South Australian University v Adelaide - absolvoval viaceré študijné pobyty na zahraničných univerzitách v Európe a v Severnej Amerike. Počas svojho života napísal päť desiatok monografií, nespočetné množstvo príspevkov, rozpráv a štúdií, je autorom mnohých publicistických statí v periodikách, v antológiách a zborníkoch, mnohých úvodov, doslovov a prekladov. Pre nás Ružomberčanov je mimoriadnou poctou, že František Vnuk, dnes 95-ročný univerzitný profesor, vo svojom jedinečnom historiografickom diele vždy považoval Ružomberok a jeho miesto v dejinách slovenského národa za jeden z kľúčových bodov svojho odborného záujmu. Svedčia o tom nielen jeho mnohé verejné vystúpenia a články o význame nášho mesta a jeho rodákoch, ale aj početné knižné publikácie, ktoré venoval životu a dielu takých osobností, akými boli Otec národa Andrej Hlinka alebo Karol Sidor, muž, ktorý sa vedel vzoprieť Hitlerovi, alebo prelát Štefan Náhalka, osobný tajomník biskupa Jána Vojtaššáka a zakladateľ a dlhoročný rektor Slovenského ústavu sv. Cyrila a Metoda v Ríme. Tí skôr narodení si akiste spomenú na profesorovu prednášku o štátnej samostatnosti Slovenska, ktorú predniesol v roku 1992 v galérii Ľudovíta Fullu. Na základe archívnych prameňov spracoval mnohé úseky slovenskej minulosti, všímal si politickú, kultúrnu, náboženskú i hospodársku situáciu na Slovensku a upozorňoval na jeho často opomínané osobnosti.