Slovak World Congress (SWC) and Canadian Slovak League (CSL) journalists finally exposed his Nazi past.14 Created While Tiso While Tiso was executed for war and led by Nazi was executed for war crimes, crimes in 1947 by ’s elect- collaborators and ed communist government, the SWC and their allies—the Toronto- two of his worst cronies, Jozef CSL hailed him as a national hero. On the based SWC and CSL— Kirschbaum and 50th anniversary of his death, CSL Toronto enjoyed many decades of Ferdinand Dur- held a Sunday church event to honour him. Cold-War support from the The day cansky, escaped Jozef Kirschbaum gave the commemorative Canadian government and after he met their trials. Given speech. The CSL raised funds to help buy corporate media, which Tiso’s home for use as a museum to exalt Hitler, Jozef safe haven by shared their toxic, his memory. Involved in that project were Tiso declared ’s Liberal anti-Red social various leaders including CSL president Ste- a “free” . government, they psychosis phen Kovacic,15 who represented the CSL President Tiso’s Nazi helped to found at ABN-Canada’s 1986 conference. At that regime deported about and lead both the event featuring CIA-backed Nicaraguan and 75,000 Jews to death camps. SWC and CSL. Afghan terror groups, as well as many oth- Such myths of Nazi Slovakian inno- ers created and led by Nazi collaborators, cence have long been spread by key Cana- the CSL’s Kovacic said: bit.ly/HitlerTiso dian academics. As a history professor in It is my honour, by this presentation to he Slovak World Congress (SWC) and Toronto, and co-founder of the join the common fight of the enslaved was founded in Toronto in 1971 by University of Ottawa’s Chair in Slovak His- nations in Northern, Central and Eastern tory, Kirschbaum himself led the cover up. Europe and to give any possible support Tformer officials of the Nazi puppet to achieve our common goal...16 state of “Independent” Slovakia (1939-45). His effort to shape Slovak historical Affiliated with the profascist Anti-Bolshe- memory is continued by his son Stanislav, a War crimes of SWC leaders vik Bloc of Nations (ABN),1 the SWC was prof. at York University. A graduate of Can- In the late 1930s, as a law student and Hlin- “composed of Nazi collaborationists and ada’s National Defense College, Stanislav ka Party organizer at Bratislava University, their progeny,” said journalist Jack Ander- is highly respected in some circles as an ex- Kirschbaum edited its antisemitic/antiMa- son. The SWC, he said, was “the Slovakian pert on communism and Central European rxist publications. He also led the Hlinka chapter” of the World AntiCommunist “security issues.”8 Since the 1960s, his work Guard’s “elite detachment” of thugs on cam- League.2 Active in the CIA-backed “Captive has cleansed Slovakia’s role in genocide and pus, the “Academic Guard” (1938-40).. Af- Nations” cause, SWC whitewashed wartime honoured his father’s collaboration with Ti- ter leading attacks on Jews by this band of Slovakia’s allegiance to the Nazis, and sup- so’s fascist regime. His 1983 book, Slovak SS-like “Brown Shirts,” Kirschbaum met ported the Black Ribbon Day movement.3 Politics, was subtitled Essays on Slovak His- Adolph Eichmann. Hitler had sent Eichmann Chief among the SWC’s Nazi collab- tory in Honour of Joseph M. Kirschbaum. to Slovakia in late 1938 to help orchestrate orators was Jozef Kirschbaum who fled to Both father and son had Slovak his- the Tiso regime’s role in .17 Canada in 1948 after being sentenced to ten tory texts published by the SWC. And both In 1938-39, Kirschbaum met the years in a Czechoslovak prison, plus ten in worked with its Canadian affiliate, the CSL. Nazi elite, including: Hitler, Hermann a labour camp.4 Kirschbaum was key to the In 1962, when Jozef edited CSL’s pro-Tiso Göring, Heinrich Himmler, Joachim von Hlinka-Party regime of Catholic priest, Jozef organ, Kanadsky Slovak, Canadian Jewish Ribbentrop, Werner Göttsche and Edmund Tiso. As Slovakia’s president, Tiso enforced groups urged the RCMP to investigate his Vessemeyer.18 Kirschbaum was the Hlinka Nazi-like laws that deprived Jews of their Nazi past and extradite him.9 His son has Party Sec. Gen. (1939-40), a Slovak diplo- jobs, possessions and rights. Tiso’s regime chaired Kanadsky Slovak’s editorial com- mat in (1941-42) and its Charge also sent 75,000 of Slovakia’s 90,000 Jews mittee since 201010 when it ran an article by d’Affairs in Switzerland (1942-45).19 He to Nazi death camps.5 Sharing the Nazi’s ha- his father. Recalling Jozef’s “pleasant mem- served the American Slovak League and the tred for Judeo-Bolshevism, Tiso’s regime ories” of the 1930s, it used a photo of him CSL in Bern where the UN International vowed to “fight against the Marxist-Jewish with Father , the priest/bank- Refugee Organization “was convinced ... to ideology of disorganization and violence.”6 er who founded the Hlinka Party. “We were accept as refugees [to the US and Canada] Sheltered by Canada til his death in a tolerant, friendly generation,” Jozef wrote, Slovak exiles linked to the wartime Slovak 2001, Kirschbaum led the SWC and its af- “many [were] nationally conscious and will- state, who fled the communists in 1945.”20 filiate, the Canadian Slovak League (CSL). ing to put their knowledge and strength into Kirschbaum’s career was aided by For decades they whitewashed Slovak fas- the service of the nation and the church.”11 his friend and law prof, Ferdinand Durcan- cism and hid their movement’s obeisance to In a Slovak history text dedicated to sky, who led the Slovak delegations to meet Nazism. Forty years after WWII, the SWC his father, Stanislav said Jozef Kirschbaum Hitler that created Nazi Slovakia. The UN finally issued a statement on the Holocaust cofounded SWC and gave it “intellectual listed Durcansky as a Category A war crim- at its 1987 assembly in Toronto (attended and organizational leadership.”12 In 1970, at inal in 1946 and, in 1947, he was sentenced by PM Brian Mulroney and Ontario Premier its preparatory meeting in New York, the to death in absentia by Czechoslovakia’s Bill Davis). Denying the Tiso regime’s role elder Kirschbaum became SWC’s executive elected communist government.21 Like Kir- in decimating Slovak Jewry, it pushed the vice president. Once affirmed at the SWC’s schbaum, Durcansky was key to creating the myth that this genocide was the fault of “mis- first assembly in Toronto (1971), he kept this SWC and was “one of its main members.”22 guided individuals of the Slovak regime.”7 position until 198813 when two Canadian “Secret” US government files, de- 40 Press for Conversion! Issue # 70 Spring 2021 classified by the 1998 Nazi War Crimes Dis- the ABN Peoples’ Council, was their main and worked for the US State Department.46 closure Act, reveal Durcansky’s work with speaker in Munich and Stuttgart.31 When Catholic priest/academic Milan Dur- the Nazis and CIA.23 A 1959 document call- founded in 1967, Durcansky was on the ica was a lifetime SWC member who served ing him “an outspoken opponent against European Freedom Council (EFC) Informa- on its Advisory Board.47 In 1997 the Slovak Communism and a reliable member of West- tion Cttee. This ABN/OUN(B) front promot- Academia of Sciences criticized his EU- ern ideals,” said they had “no derogatory in- ed armed attacks inside the USSR. EFC funded, Slovak history text. They were out- formation” about him.24 A 1954 document leaders included ABN president Yaroslav raged that he depicted Tiso’s regime as “sav- however detailed how in 1939, Durcansky Stetsko.32 Durcansky also attended CSL iours of the Jewish population” who ensured “placed himself at disposal of Hitler” by events, like its 1969 convention banquet, “daily life in the Jewish work camps” was sending forced labourers to Germany, sur- where he sat at its “head table.”33 filled with “gaiety and happiness.”48 Durica, rendering factories and mineral resources to Jozef Kirschbaum’s SWC-publica- who said Kirschbaum was “a man with a the Nazis, and allowing them to build army tions concealed the ties of Slovak national- clean record as a Slovak patriot,”49 supported bases in Slovakia for the Operation-Bar- ists with Nazis and the CIA. One collected the movement to canonize Tiso as a saint.50 barossa invasion of the USSR. After joining talks from the conference he organised for John Hvasta was the Slovak delegate the Hlinka Party in 1927, he created “fas- the SWC’s founding event in Toronto to the ABN’s US chapter (1966)51 and Gen. cist, antisemitic” Nazi-funded publications (1971).34 Durcansky’s talk called for creat- Secretary of the SWC’s American Council (1936-38) and led the . While ing a Slovak state along “ethnogenetical” (1981).52 After WWII he worked for the US his cabinet posts included Justice, Health, lines.35 Kirschbaum also organized a con- consulate in Prague and was sentenced to Transportation and Public Works, he rose ference at the SWC’s 1975 congress in 25 years for espionage. After escaping pris- to be Nazi Slovakia’s Foreign Minister and Rome which the ABN praised as a “very well on he fled to the US, studied filmmaking Deputy PM. Durcansky also owned drug organized,” “brilliant symposium.”36 and became an anticommunist propagandist. factories in Slovakia, and later in Argenti- “The leadership of the SWC never During his long PR career, Hvasta promot- na. In 1945, the Nazis seized 150 kgs of mor- dissociated itself from the Tiso regime, and ed far-right Ukrainian ethnonationalism53 phine that he was taking out of Slovakia.25 its complicity in the Holocaust” said Tomas and the KKK. US Federal Elections Com- Sniegon in 2014.37 This Swedish historian mission documents show that Hvasta’s PR Nazi apologists in the Cold War said Canada’s billionaire “Uranium King,” firm was paid to provide a mailing list to After WWII, Durcansky and other fascists Stefan Roman, who helped Kirschbaum set- “the 1988 Presidential Campaign of former moved to Rome and worked to “seize pow- tle in Canada, “was the main political force Ku Klux Klan leader and white supremacist er in Slovakia with Durcansky as premiere.” behind” SWC’s creation, “its first president David Duke.”54 (In 2005, Duke received a In 1947, a commission of Czechoslovak’s [1970-88] and main financial supporter.”38 PhD from a private Ukrainian university that communist government, which was demo- In 1987, Roman’s “generous support is “a center of antisemitic teaching.”55) cratically elected in 1946, exposed Durcan- ... set up” Black Ribbon Day [BRD] “com- sky’s coup plot.26 In response, the commu- mittees in London, Munich, Amsterdam, Canadian government support nist government began to purge fascist con- Stockholm, Paris and Vienna,” said the BRD In 1948-49, Canada’s Liberal government spirators, and mobilized a massive ground- German-Estonian founder Markus Hess.39 brought in 1,500 , including convict- swell of public support for a counter coup In 1945, Roman had coauthored a ed war criminals. Officials, said historian Jan that consolidated their power in 1948. petition to oppose the arrest of Tiso and other Raska, “were keen to resettle anti-commu- Durcansky, like Eichmann, used Vat- Slovak leaders.40 Soon after launching SWC nist refugees from Czechoslovakia who ican networks to escape to Argentina. Then, in 1971, Roman lauded Tiso as “a man who would further legitimize the state’s opposi- 56 with help from UK intelligence, Durcansky confirmed his love to the nation by the high- tion towards Communism.” “[P]olitical went to Toronto (1950-51). Although he later est sacrifice.”41 By the mid 1980s, as SWC refugees who espoused anti-Soviet and anti- worked for the ABN in Britain and Germany, president, Roman received “repeated ap- communist sentiments,” he said, were sup- Durcansky gave “antisemitic speeches in peals” from the National Holocaust Survi- ported by vote-seeking officials who warned the public of the impending threat posed Canada well into the 1970s” for the SWC. vors Assoc. and its Slovak branch, to get the by domestic Communist sympathizers He also “travelled freely in and out of Ca- SWC “to condemn the pro-Nazi puppet re- and Soviet agents to the country’s pre- 42 nada, despite the fact that the government gime in Slovakia.” The SWC refused. dominantly Christian, democratic, and was fully aware of his war crimes.”27 An apologist for Nazi Slovakia til his middle class values. While in Germany, Durcansky was 1988 death, Roman was made a Knight Their shared social phobias led to “increas- ABN chairman and advised the CIA’s “Up- Commander, Order of St. Gregory, by Pope ing collaboration between Canadian officials swing” program (1952-58).28 Upswing was John XXIII (1963). He also received the Or- and Czech and Slovak anti-communist ref- the US-led spy agency in West Germany,29 der of Canada from Gov. Gen. Sauvé (1987) ugees,”57 even though authorities knew they centred around the CIA’s “Gehlen Org.” Its and posthumously the highest “state honour” included top Nazi collaborators. A case in first leader (1946-56) was Maj.Gen. Rein- by Slovak Pres. Michal Kovác, the Order of point was Karol Sidor, “founder and first hard Gehlen, who led West Germany’s BND the 1st Class White Double Cross (1995).43 commander of the pro-Nazi, paramilitary spy agency (1956-68). During WWII, he ran Another SWC cofounder was Josef Hlinka Guard” who was fascist Slovakia’s the Nazi network of fascist East European Mikus, a “known anti-Semite”44 who repre- “premier and minister of the interior” in armies (1942-45.)30 It was united in 1943 sented the SWC in the World AntiCommu- 1939.58 Before the war, as a Hlinka Party by Stepan Bandera’s Ukrainian nationalists nist League.45 During WWII, Mikus was a politician, Sidor demanded “that Slovakia and later became the ABN. diplomat to Rome for Nazi Slovakia. In post- and Carpatho-Rus be ‘cleansed’ of their In 1963, the German-Slovakian So- war Czechoslovakia, after being briefly ar- Jews, because they are communists.”59 Sidor ciety celebrated the 25th anniversary of Ti- rested for “ideological” reasons, he moved was later Tiso’s ambassador to the Vatican so’s regime. Durcansky, then-president of to Washington, DC, where he taught history (1939-45).60 In 1947, Czechoslovakia sen- Spring 2021 Issue # 70 Press for Conversion! 41 tenced him in absentia to 20 years in prison. Canadian Government.71 schbaum for another 20 years. In 1983, when When Canadian immigration offi- In 1983, on Kirschbaum’s 70th birth- a Czech cable TV show exposed his Nazi cials denied Sidor’s entry, Vatican represent- day, a “banquet honoring his work with eth- links, “Kirschbaum threatened legal action.” atives of Pope Pius XII contacted a Catho- nic groups was attended by MPs, MPPs and The Ottawa station put restrictions on the lic Canadian with great clout: Liberal Prime senators.”72 The Jerusalem Post Magazine show and forced its host to apologize. It was Minister Louis St. Laurent. He juxtaposed Kirschbaum’s Nazi past with the aired “about 14 times.”81 In 1988, a King- blamed Canadian immigration officials great “respect” he was receiving in Canada ston paper exposed Kirschbaum’s Nazi past, for the delay in Sidor’s case. Security along with “a host of awards and honours.” but the article was disqualified from the Can- screening of Sidor and his family was They include the venerable Cross of adian Bar Association’s media awards by “a subsequently ignored, and he and his Merit of the Sovereign Order of St. John potential law suit” that was never filed.82 family were permitted entry into Canada of Jerusalem Knights of Malta [11th cen- 61 When Kirschbaum finally fell from in November 1949. tury Catholic crusaders], bestowed on ... grace, other SWC voices still got positive Security/intelligence agencies saw Sidor as his 70th birthday, as well as memorabilia an asset in their “endeavour to combat sub- and diplomas from ...government repre- press. In 1988, Kirschbaum was replaced as versive elements among all Slovaks in Can- sentatives, MPs, MLAs, senators and, SWC vice president by former Slovak hock- ada.”62 The Liberal government continued indeed, the former Canadian prime min- ey star, Marian Stastny. An article pictured to support Canada’s far-right Slovaks. For ister, Pierre Elliott Trudeau. He was even him hugging his young sons at “the annual example, in 1953, St. Laurent, several of his selected to accompany Pope John Paul Black Ribbon Day [BRD] Rally on Parlia- II when the pontiff unveiled a new Slovak cabinet ministers and 25 MPs attended a ment Hill,” an antiSoviet protest staged by 63 cathedral [purchased by SWC president Canadian Slovak League (CSL) banquet. 73 the SWC and other “groups representing Stefan Roman] in Toronto in 1984. 83 Until his death in 1953, Sidor con- In 1987 Brian Mulroney was the first ‘victims’ of Marxist regimes.” While the tinued to “combat subversive elements” (ie, prime minister to attend a SWC general as- BRD movement is said to oppose commu- 64 Reds not Nazis) through the pro-Tiso CSL. sembly. Former Ontario premier Bill Davis nism and Nazism, the émigré groups that In 1950, on a US speaking tour, Sidor was was also there. Mulroney shared the Toron- remain the driving force behind this ongo- “protested by various Slovak and Jewish to podium with SWC president Stefan Ro- ing Cold-War propaganda, still exalt their groups” for being a “Nazi leader.” Papers man, who asked the crowd to “pray for Can- Nazi-linked founders and leaders as heroes. 65 said the RCMP was “unworried.” In 1951, ada and offer your very thoughtful praise when Sidor told CSL Winnipeg “to stand for the Conservative party and for our Prime References and notes united against the intrigues of Communism Minister.”74 Roman, whose talk also prais- 1. ABN Correspondence noted that SWC “found- ing member” and SWC-UK leader Oktav working secretly or openly for the Krem- ed the “Free World,” was described by au- Bazovsky, represented Slovaks at ABN events, lin,” the press did not mention his role in thor Paul McKay as “the apostle of unfet- 66 1957-87: Jan-Feb 1957, p.6; May-Jun 1987, Nazi Slovakia. Not long after, an Ontario tered free enterprise.” But, having “collect- paper showed Sidor posing with Canada’s p.37; Nov-Dec 1990, pp.47-8. ed more than $2-billion worth of federal and bit.ly/abnswc1 bit.ly/abnswc2 bit.ly/abnswc3 67 smiling Health Minister Paul Martin, Sr. provincial subsidies and sweetheart deals 2. Scott Anderson and Jon Lee Anderson, Inside When meeting with Prime Minister over three decades,” Roman was hardly “an the League: The Shocking Expose of How Ter- Pierre Trudeau, Kirschbaum said Canada avowed foe of government intervention.”75 rorists, Nazis, and Latin American Death should impose “compulsory military serv- Squads Infiltrated the WACL, 1986, p.45. ice.” This, said Czech-Canadian newspaper Cold-War media propaganda 3. E. Soltys, Black Ribbon Day, 2014, p.119. editor Ales Brezina, met with “polite ap- By 1988, the elite’s ties to Kirschbaum were 4. Scott Anderson, “Local Slovak League pays plause” because Kirschbaum was such “a unraveling. For 40 years, dozens of news homage to wartime figure who collaborated respected man in Canada.” He lead Canad- stories ignored his Nazism and boosted toxic with Hitler,” Now, Jun.5-11, 1997. bit.ly/Now97 76 5. Lucy Hawidowicz, The War against the Jews, ian Slovaks, the rightwing Ethnic Federa- anticommunism. One 1950 story praised 1975. tion of Canada and the Canada Ethnic Press “Czechoslovakian leaders who gave their 6. Peter Adler, “Past Comes Back to Haunt 68 Federation. The latter, “an expressly anti- lives for the freedom of their country.” Its Former Slovak Fascist,” Jerusalem Post, Communist organisation,” was used to give prime example was “Joseph Tiso, president Nov.25, 1988, p.6. bit.ly/JPM1988 government “funding to anti-Communist of the Slovak Republic ... who was hanged 7. Livia Rothkirchen, “Czechoslovakia,” The ‘ethnic’ associations at the national level.”69 by the Communists in 1947.”77 A 1953 arti- World Reacts to the Holocaust, 1996, p.188. Praised by government, media and academe, cle ignoring Slovakia’s Nazi past, lamented bit.ly/SWC-Holocaust 8. Bio., Stanislav J. Kirschbaum bit.ly/SK-bio “Kirschbaum continued to collect one dis- that it “enjoyed only six years of Independ- 9. “Asks for Police Probe of Nazi Collaborator,” tinction after another,” including “one ... ence” (as a Nazi puppet state, 1939-45). It American Israelite, Aug, 23, 1962, p.7. awarded him by a smiling P.E. Trudeau.”70 also pushed Kirschbaum’s call to “Fight bit.ly/JK-KS Trudeau’s government used Kirsch- Reds” and win “Slovakia’s freedom from 10. Archives, Kanadsky Slovak bit.ly/KSarch baum as an “expert” to prepare for the 1975 Communist and Czech domination.”78 11. Jozef Kirschbaum, “Why and how I did not Helsinki Conference on Security and Co-op- In 1962, Canadian Jewish News re- become a priest,” Kanadský Slovák, Jun. 5, 2010, p.4. bit.ly/KS-2010 eration in Europe. The Soviets criticised the porting on Kirschbaum’s Nazi past called 12. Stanislav Kirschbaum, Historical Dictionary role of fascists in this process by saying that him “one of the most ferocious authors” of of Slovakia, 2014, pp.xlix, 302. bit.ly/SJK-txtbk the secret trump which they played dur- Slovakia’s “criminal regime.”79 Papers then The author dedicated this book to his “par- ing the preparatory stages of the confer- used his line that it was all “a pure lie.” One ence was Jozef Kirschbaum, ... a leading ents, especially my father, who worked tire- story on these “allegations” said the “RCMP lessly for Slovakia and the Slovak people at exponent of the fascist Slovak State dur- 80 ing WWII, who took part in the Geneva ... had no interest in Dr. Kirschbaum.” home and abroad, above all in Canada.” negotiations about the drafting of the Kirschbaum later said that his threats 13. Stanislav Kirschbaum, The A to Z of Slova- document and the organization of the to sue a paper in the 1960s led to its “long kia, 2006, p.162. bit.ly/A-2-Z Helsinki conference as an expert of the apology.” The mass media promoted Kir- 14. Paul McKay and Beppi Crosariol, “The 42 Press for Conversion! Issue # 70 Spring 2021 Making Slovakia fascist...... again Kirschbaum File,” Whig-Standard, Dec.10, 1988. bit.ly/K-file he fundamentalist Christian People’s 15. Anderson 1997, op. cit. Party - Our Slovakia (PPOS) won 16. ABN Correspondence, Jan/Feb 1987, p.34. Tseventeen seats in the 2020 election. bit.ly/abnswc2 Despite its cult-like glorification of wartime 17. “Kirschbaum, Slovakia’s Aide of Eichmann Slovakia’s clericofascist leaders, Andrej in Toronto,” Canadian Jewish News, July 27, Hlinka and Josef Tiso, the party was wel- 1962, pp.1, 8. bit.ly/CJN-1962 18. CIA “Final Interrogation Report, July 24, comed into the new coalition government. 1945, Werner Göttsche,” p.7 bit.ly/CIA1945 The party’s vice chair lead a committee over- 19. Kirschbaum 2014, op. cit., p.162. seeing the National Security Bureau. Party 20. Michael Cude and Ellen Paul, “Czechoslo- leader, Marian Kotleba, has said Jews are vakia,” East Central European Migrations “devils in human skin.” PPOS leaders in- during the Cold War, 2019, p.107. bit.ly/PCude clude Holocaust deniers and admirers of Hit- 21. Mark Aarons and John Loftus, Unholy Trin- ler. The party spokesman was the frontman ity: The Vatican, the Nazis, and Soviet In- for two neoNazi, skinhead bands called telligence, 1991, pp.221. “White Resistance” and “Death to Jews.” 22. Tomas Sniegon, Vanished History: The Holo- Marian caust in Czech and Slovak Historical Culture, One PPOS candidate was convicted of beat- Kotleba 2014, p.79. bit.ly/Sniegon ing a Black man while shouting racist slurs. at a proHlinka 23. Jerome Legge, Jr., “Collaboration, Intelli- PPOS policy calls for police crackdowns on monument in gence and the Holocaust: Ferdinand Durcan- “gypsies” and an end to immigration. Cernová, Slovakia bit.ly/Kotleba ský, Slovak , and the Gehlen Or- ganization,” Holocaust and Genocide Stud- 41. Sniegon, op. cit., p.79. Ottawa Valley,” in Ottawa: Making a Capi- ies, Oct. 1, 2018. bit.ly/Legge-2014 42. Ben Gallob, “Urgent Appeals by Holocaust tal, 2001, p.270 bit.ly/Stol-01 24. “Field File X/Durcansky, Ferdinand,” Mar. Survivors...,” Jewish Telegraphic Agency, 64. “Montreal Speakers Address Windsor Unit 31, 1959, p.1. bit.ly/CIA-1959 Aug. 10, 1984, p.4. bit.ly/SWC84 of Slovak League,” Windsor Star, May 29, 25. Info. from Biographic Intelligence Div. Files, 43. “Stephen B. Roman – the American Dream 1950, p.18. bit.ly/SWC-1950 Dept of State, Sep. 1954. bit.ly/DurcBio in Canada,” Sept.-Oct. 2016. bit.ly/Rom-16 “Slovaks Urged to Fight Reds,” Windsor 26. Aarons and Loftus, ibid. 44. Sniegon, op. cit., p.86 Star, Aug. 5, 1953, p.18. bit.ly/SWC-1953 27. bid., pp.221-22.. 45. Anderson and Anderson, p.45 65. “RCMP Unworried,” Montréal Gazette, Aug. 28. “Field File X/Durcansky...,” op. cit. 46. Obituary, Washington Post, June 11, 2005. 25, 1950, p.13. bit.ly/RCMP-Sidor 29. “Cryptonyms & Terms...” bit.ly/cryptonyms bit.ly/Mikus-obit 66. “Urges Stand Against Reds,” Star-Phoenix, 30. Carl Oglesby, “Reinhard Gehlen: The Secret 47. “Historian Milan S. Ïurica is 90 years old,” Jan. 30, 1951, p.14. bit.ly/Sidor-Wpg Treaty of Fort Hunt,” Covert Action Informa- Hlavné Správy, Aug. 14, 2015. bit.ly/Durica 67. “Slovak Day celebrated at Church Picnic,” tion Bulletin, Fall 1990, pp.8-16. bit.ly/Gehlen1 48. Robin Shepherd, Czechoslovakia: The Vel- Windsor Star, Jul.9, 1951, p.12. bit.ly/MSidor 31. “Celebration of the vet Revolution and Beyond, 2000. p.129. 68. Ales Brezina, “Canadian Export of the Bat- bit.ly/Durica2 tle of the Frogs and Mice,” Respekt, Sep. 5 25th anniversary of Slova- 49. Sniegon, op. cit., p.81. 1990, p.9. (Trans. from Czech by the US Joint kia’s Declaration of Inde- 50. James M. Ward, Priest, Politician, Collabo- Publications Research Service, JPRS, “a unit pendence,” ABN Corre- rator: and the Making of Fascist within the CIA.”) bit.ly/Brezina spondence, May-June Slovakia, 2013, pp.278-79. bit.ly/Ward-Tiso 69. Linda Blanshay, The Nationalisation of Eth- 1964, p.36. bit.ly/ABN-64 51. ABN Correspondence, Mar.-Apr. 1966, p.36. 32. “European Freedom bit.ly/ABN-Hvasta nicity, 2001, pp.212, 227. bit.ly/EthPress Council formed at Munich 52. “Rep. Ritter scores Soviets for invasion of 70. Brezina, op. cit., p.3. Meeting,” Svoboda, Afghanistan,” Ukrainian Weekly, Dec. 6, 71. Rudolf Nittmann, “Who is Afraid of Relaxa- Ukrainian Weekly, July 15, 1981, p.3. bit.ly/UW-1981 tion,” Pravda, Nov. 26, 1976, p.6. (Trans. by 1967, p.1. bit.ly/UW-1967 53. “Color Film on Ukrainian Struggle for Inde- the CIA’s JPRS.) bit.ly/Nittm 72. Kelly Egan, “Nazi allegation threatens eth- Father Jozef Tiso 33. “Slovak Role in Cana- pendence,” Svoboda, Jan. 30, 1960, p.3. dian ‘Mosaic’ Lauded by “Ukrainian Youth League of North America nic TV show,” Ottawa Citizen, Oct. 4, 1983, ! Slovak president Munro,” Welland Tribune, Foundation,” Svoboda, Dec. 9, 1961, p.3. p.17. bit.ly/KischTV ! Fascist/antiSemite Aug. 5, 1969. bit.ly/CSL69 bit.ly/UW-1960 bit.ly/UW-1961 73. Adler, op. cit. ! Nazi collaborator 34. Joseph Kirschbaum, 54. Report, US FEC, Jul. 1-Sep. 30, 1987, cited 74. VOS Oct. 1987, Slovak World Congress, To- ! Catholic priest ed., Slovakia in the 19th by Bellant, op. cit., p.93. ronto-Youtube bit.ly/SWC-Muldoon ! War criminal and 20th Centuries, 1973, 55. David Duke, Southern Poverty Law Centre 75. “Steven Roman, Canada’s uranium king,” ! AntiSoviet hero p.151. bit.ly/kkkd Northern Miner, Nov. 26, 1990. bit.ly/Uking " All of the above 35. Russ Bellant, Old Na- 56. Jan Raska, Freedom’s Voices: Czech & Slovak 76. Author’s collection of 24 press articles on zis, the New Right and the Immigration to Canada during the Cold War, J.Kirschbaum (1950-89) bit.ly/KirschPress Republican Party: Domestic fascist networks 2013, pp.294-95. bit.ly/Raska13 77. “Montreal Speakers ...,” op. cit. and their effect on US Cold War Politics, 57. Ibid., p.229. 78. “Slovaks Urged ...,” op. cit. 1991, p.15. bit.ly/Bellant-Nazi 58. Wallace P. Sillanpoa, The Chief Rabbi, the 79. “Kirschbaum, Slovakia’s...,” op. cit. 36. “Slovak World Congress held at Rome,” ABN Pope & the Holocaust: An Era in Vatican- 80. “Toronto man denies ties with Nazis,” Van- Correspondence, Mar.-Apr. 1976, p.6. Jewish Relations, 1992, p.87. bit.ly/Sidor couver Sun, Jul.27, 1962, p.45. bit.ly/KirLies bit.ly/ABN-SWC-1967 59. Gila Fatran, “Slovakia’s Righteous among 81. Egan, op. cit. 37. Sniegon, op. cit. Nations.” bit.ly/Sidor-J 82. Robert Sibley, “Paper raps bar association 38. Kirschbaum 2014, op. cit., p.302. 60. CIA, “Durcansky, Summary of Available Per- awards,” Ottawa Citizen, Apr. 20, 1989. p.5. 39. Markus Hess, “Preface,” Soltys, op. cit., p.23. sonality Info.,” Nov.2, 1954, p.5 bit.ly/CIAsid bit.ly/KirschCBA 40. Jack Anderson, “Is Kemp with Wrong 61. Stanislav Kirschbaum 2014, op. cit., p.147. 83. Vernon Smith, “Soviet invasion of homeland crowd,” Indiana Gazette, Nov. 23, 2005, p.2. 62. Raska, op. cit., p.147. recalled by former NHL star,” Ottawa Citi- bit.ly/And-05 63. Mark Stolarik, “Slovak communities in the zen, Aug. 24, 1988, p.6. bit.ly/SWC1988 Spring 2021 Issue # 70 Press for Conversion! 43